for - interesting perspective - Karl Marx - He wasn't principally interested in equality - book - Capitalism: the word and the thing - perspectival knowledge of - Michael Sonenscher - misunderstanding - modern capitalists - misunderstand Karl Marx's work - Michael Sonenscher - Karl Marx and Capitalism - Maximizing each individual's freedom while not trampling on the same aspiration of other individuals within a society

Interesting perspective - Karl Marx wasn't principally interested in equality - Sonenscher offers an interesting interpretation and perspectival knowledge of Karl Marx's motivation in his principal work paraphrase - Marx's thought centered on is interest in individuality and the degree to which in certain respects being somebody who is free and able to make choices about his or her lives and future activities is going to depend on each person's: - qualities - capabilities - capacities - preoccupations - values, etc - For Marx, freedom is in the final analysis something to do with something - particular - specific and - individual w - What matters to me may not matter entirely in the same sort of way to you because ultimately - in an ideal State of Affairs, my kinds of concerns and your kinds of concerns will be simply specific to you and to me respectively - For Marx, the problems begin as is also the case with Rosseau - when these kinds of absolute qualities are displaced by - relative qualities that apply equally to us both - For Marx, things like - markets - prices - commodities and - things that connect people - are the hallmarks of equality because they put people on the same kind of footing prices and productivity - Whereas the things that REALLY SHOULD COUNT are - the things that separate and distinguish people that make each individual fully and and entirely him or herself and - the idea for Marx is that capitalism - which is not a term that Marx used, - puts people on a kind of spurious footing of equality - Getting beyond capitalism means getting beyond equality to a state of effect in which - difference , - particularity, - individuality and - uniqueness - in a certain kind of sense will prevail

comment - This perspective is quite enlightening on Marx's motivations on this part of his work and is likely misconstrued by those mainstream "capitalists" who vilify his work without critical analysis - Of course freedom - within a social context - is never an absolute term. - It is not possible to live in a society in which everyone is able to actualize their full imaginations, something pointed out in the work of two other famous thought leaders of modern history: - Thomas Hobbes observed in his famous work, Leviathan, and - Sigmund Freud also made a primary subject of his ID, Ego and Superego framework. - Total freedom would lead - first to anarchy and then - the emergence within that anarchy of those which possess the most charisma, influence, self-seeking manipulative skills and brutality - surfacing rule by authority - Historically, as democracy attempts to surface from a history of authoritarian, patriarchal governance, - democracy is far from ubiquitous and authoritarian governance is still alive and well in many parts of the world - The battle between - authoritarian governments among themselves and - authoritarian and democratic governments - results in war, violence and trauma that creates the breeding ground for the next generation of authoritarian leaders - Marx's main intent seems to be to enable the individual existing within a society to live the fullest life possible, - by way of enabling and maximizing their unique expression, - while not constraining the same aspiration in other individuals who belong to the same society

for - collective intelligence - properties of the higher level whole - that are missing in the lower level individuals that constitute it - example sports team - Jordan Hall

for - health - heart - need to identify those with high LDL but ARE metabolically healthy

health - heart - high LDL AND metabolically healthy - against medical norms, there may be NO NEED TO LOWER THEIR LDL levels - and in fact, trying to do so may lead to harm

highlights the dire financial circumstances of the poorest individuals, who resort to high-interest loans as a survival strategy. This phenomenon reflects the interplay between human decision-making and development policy. The decision to take such loans, driven by immediate needs, illustrates how cognitive biases and limited options impact choices. From a policy perspective, addressing this issue requires understanding these behavioral nuances and crafting interventions that provide sustainable alternatives, fostering financial inclusion and breaking the cycle of high-interest debt.

https://web.archive.org/web/20230616140838/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2023/jun/16/george-washington-university-professor-antisemitism-palestine-dc

psychoanalysis was the guided internal journey of individuals, in the nineties CBT displaced this (visible in the sessions I did at the time), and now a new wave of psychoanalysis comes in that doesn't only take the individual as focus, but also the impact of the structures and systems around yourself. That's an interesting evolutionary sketch of the field.

To me this article is as much about power and generations as it is about a lack of a professional field being able to apply its own expertise to itself.

culture war as generational war and but also US specific perhaps. Also the culture war seems to be precisely about taking the individual vs the collective influence on the individual. The old guard feeling individually blamed for things that the new guard says is a collective thing to reckon with. Where again the responses of each are seen through the other lens. There's now no way to resolve that easily. Change happens when the old people die said Howard. Seems to be at issue here too.

I like this explanation because it gives some insight as to why feeble-minded people become delinquents. I like that it stated not all criminals are feeble-minded because there are some criminals that are very intelligent. The unabomber for example, Ted Kaczynski was a mathematics professor, and retired to later became a bomb maker. He wasn't caught for a good while which shows that he was intelligent. I think this is important to the history of psychology because we now have developed knowledge that feeble-minded people aren't always criminals, but have some potential of becoming a criminal.

we may not hope to find its solution within the range of opportunities open to any one individual. The very structure of opportunities has collapsed. Both the correct statement of the problem and the range of possible solutions require us to consider the economic and political institutions of the society, and not merely the personal situation and character of a scatter of individuals.16

1. C. Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 9.

I love this quote and it's interesting food for thought.

Framing problems from the perspectives of a single individual versus a majority of people can be a powerful tool.

The idea of the "welfare queen" was possibly too powerful because it singled out an imaginary individual rather than focusing on millions of people with a variety of backgrounds and diversity. Compare this with the fundraisers for impoverished children in Sally Stuther's Christian Children's Fund (aka ChildFund) which, while they show thousands of people in trouble, quite often focus on one individual child. This helps to personalize the plea and the charity actually assigned each donor a particular child they were helping out.

How might this set up be used in reverse to change the perspective and opinions of those who think the "welfare queen" is a real thing instead of a problematic trope?

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 12). RT @EricTopol: If you think Prior Covid protects against Omicron (B.1.1.529), think again https://medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.21267491v1 and "Neutralizing antibo… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1470434736304803845

GeneName: DICER1 PMID: 28323992 PMCID: PMC5443331 *No HGNCID found Inheritance pattern: autosomal-dominant Disease Entity: multinodular goiter and thyroid cancer Mutation: Germline Zygosity: not listed Variant: c.3726C>A; p.Tyr1242a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a Family Information: 145 individuals with DICER1 germline mutations from 48 family controls (135 individuals) that lacked the DICER1 mutation Case: male and female carriers as well as family members were studied. Ages: 20, 30, and 40 for both populations (DICER1 carriers were significantly younger than controls}. Population from Great Britain, UK, and USA (no significant difference between race, ethnicity, or sex found). CasePresentingHPOs: no previous therapeutic radiation or chemotherapy. Thyroid cancer or MNG diagnoses were likely reported with the DICER1 mutation CasePreviousTesting: Sequencing performed with Sanger or next-generation sequencing assays. DICER1 carriers underwent testing to obtain thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and serum albumin levels as well as medical history and physical examinations (+thyroid palpation). Participants were also given thyroid US examinations. gnomAD: n/a Mutation Type: missense

In part because of modalities of studying the brain using methods like fMRI where the images are of an individual's head, we focus too much and too exclusively on single brains bound to individuals rather than on brains working in concert.

Greater flexibilities in tools and methods should help do studies of humans working in concert.

Link this to the anecdote:

I recall a radiology test within a medical school setting in which students were asked to diagnose an x-ray of a human patient's skull. Most either guessed small hairline fractures in the skull or that there was nothing wrong with the patient.

Can you diagnose the patient?

Almost all the students failed the question, and worse felt like idiots when the answer was revealed: the patient must be dead because the spinal column and the rest of the body are not attached. Compare:

"Social encoding advantage" is what psychologists refer to as the phenomenon of people remembering social information more accurately than other types.

Reference to read: “social encoding advantage”: Matthew D. Lieberman, Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect (New York: Crown, 2013), 284.

It's likely that the social acts of learning and information exchange in oral societies had an additional stickiness over and beyond the additional mnemonic methods they would have used as a base.

The Western cultural tradition doesn't value the social coding advantage because it "excludes social interaction from the realm of the intellect" (Paul, 2021). Instead it provides advantage and status to the individual thinking on their own. We greatly prefer the idea of the "lone genius" toiling on their own, when this is hardly ever the case. Our availability bias often leads us to believe it is the case because we can pull out so many famous examples, though in almost all cases these geniuses were riding on the shoulders of giants.

Reference to read: remember social information more accurately: Jason P. Mitchell, C. Neil Macrae, and Mahzarin R. Banaji, “Encoding-Specific Effects of Social Cognition on the Neural Correlates of Subsequent Memory,” Journal of Neuroscience 24 (May 2004): 4912–17

Reference to read: the brain stores social information: Jason P. Mitchell et al., “Thinking About Others: The Neural Substrates of Social Cognition,” in Social Neuroscience: People Thinking About Thinking People, ed. Karen T. Litfin (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), 63–82.

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, December 10). Useful thread! [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1469208352819404805

Individual attributes described

Using personal narratives to strengthen story, some truth bending

Punished by gods because of political reasons

Shame not from gods, but foolishness

Zeus equated more toward idea of power than directly.

Shame for evil punished, like flood in EoG, except here, the consequences are directed at political defeat instead of death.

Highlights divide between gods and man not seen in EoG

Description of series of absolute rulers' ultimate defeat may strengthen the case for democracy.

Greek belief system covering Persians

Zeus' power only used to describe Athenian army's strength

May use reverence of absolute ruler to show impact of defeat.

The description of Darius as well as Atossa lends credence to the idea that Persia was well respected by Athenians, but possibly antiquated in its politics, supporting democracy.

Rule of one foolish leader can cause downfall of an entire empire (might rally more support for democracy).

Mortals with the help of gods, not necessarily gods themselves

Superiority of individuals and democracy versus absolute rule.

Doesn't necessarily cast Persians in a negative light, but suggests that an army with strongminded individuals will outperform one without.

Also possibly emphasized the Persian importance on an absolute ruler (which may have been established in EoG) contrasted with an army of strong, democratically-backed individuals.

Absolute rulers backed Persian soldiers, but no single great Athenian ruler is really depicted in defeating them (highlighted by individual descriptions of how Aeschylus saw soldiers and superiority of the Greek gods

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 12). RT @florian_krammer: New preprint led by Kaori Sano in collaboration with @VivianaSimonLab https://medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.21267352v1. Convalescent individual… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1469936301466079233

These should be identified.

Wow! Will carbon neutral fuels be greenwashing or real solutions? Will carbon neutral SpaceX flights be greenwashing, or real carbon neutrality?

It's not surprising that yachts and private jets, the symbols of elite luxury.are culprits. Large and multiple mansions must be accounted for somewhere as well.

The facts reflect the truth that developed economies are essentially unwilling to cede their way of life. The people of these economies want to cling to their high carbon way of life.

Humanity and the entire biosphere should not be made to suffer for the whims of 1% of the population. National commitments are very difficult to negotiate. We must really begin to target High Net Worth Individuals (HNWI), for they may hold the fate of humanity in their hands.

Milman, O., Yelin, I., Aharony, N., Katz, R., Herzel, E., Ben-Tov, A., Kuint, J., Gazit, S., Chodick, G., Patalon, T., & Kishony, R. (2021). Community-level evidence for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection of unvaccinated individuals. Nature Medicine, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01407-5

Scientists urge caution after Tony Blair backs UK ‘Covid pass’. (2021, June 7). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/07/scientists-urge-caution-after-tony-blair-backs-uk-covid-pass

Mathur, Rohini, Laura Bear, Kamlesh Khunti, and Rosalind M. Eggo. ‘Urgent Actions and Policies Needed to Address COVID-19 among UK Ethnic Minorities’. The Lancet 396, no. 10266 (12 December 2020): 1866–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32465-X.

Paudel, Dhirendra. ‘ABC Framework of Fear of COVID-19 for Psychotherapeutic Intervention in Nepal: A Review’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 4 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9sj4a.

Acemoglu, Daron, Ali Makhdoumi, Azarakhsh Malekian, and Asuman Ozdaglar. ‘Testing, Voluntary Social Distancing and the Spread of an Infection’. Working Paper. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2020. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27483.

Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., Marrama, D., de Silva, A. M., Frazier, A., Carlin, A., Greenbaum, J. A., Peters, B., Krammer, F., Smith, D. M., Crotty, S., & Sette, A. (2020). Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals. Cell, S0092867420306103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015

Author talks that even though people use technology for their personal interest, it is till not strong enough to prevent people from using technology. Previously, the author talked about the fact that technology helps people to get mental health such as obtaining confidence by doing cosmetic surgery. In this annotated sentence, author claims that people will also have cosmetic surgeries for some other intentions; however, he says, "their need is sincere and crucial to the individual wellbeing." It shows that everyone matters in this society, and technology is born to be used for people who need no matter for inner or outer needs. Technology should be access to people as long as it is in good purposes for individuals.

I believe people in sometimes feel they have no voice are say. There are pathways were people try there best to find change and still see no result i believe to have to change we have to write congress men and people in the government letters to how we may feel. We must be aware together but, its better sometimes to be the odd person out the bunch. It takes one person doing something different to see results.

The author expresses a broad definition of what transhumanism is. Author does not include what transhumanism focuses on specifically as in "human limitations" This is an intent to show transhumanism can incorporate sciences and professions from across the board, being inclusive to new ideas in the process from interested individuals. Therefore, from the Transhumanist FAQ, we can conclude the broad definition was meant to draw in more ideas focused on the betterment of humanity from a diverse group of readers, available for critique and decisions.