- Feb 2021
-
www.yidff.jp www.yidff.jp
-
“纪录片盒子”(Documentary Box)杂志影评人亚伦·杰罗(Aaron Gerow)与田中纯子(Tanaka Junko)对是枝裕和所做的长篇访谈。访谈完成于是枝裕和1999年《下一站,天国》(After Life,1999)全国放映前夕。通过这篇访谈,我们可以了解枝裕和早年的电视台工作心路、他的纪录片拍摄方式、他对纪录片与剧情片之间区别的看法、纪录片对他创作生涯的影响与启发等问题。从这篇访谈之中,我们得以窥见是枝裕和缘何能成为今日的是枝裕和。
-
-
-
这是一篇关于新闻报道的故事。马特•斯托佩拉(Matt Stopera)的原创帖子发表在BuzzFeed网站上,标题非常醒目,描述了这个四部分组成的帖子中发生的所有事情:“这个男人是谁,他的照片为什么出现在我的手机上?”副标题是“发生在我身上的这件奇怪事情”,本文在网络上迅速走红,完美诠释了BuzzFeed的模式。这个帖子综合了手机自拍照片、动图、Twitter快照、列表和部分文字,大多都是只有一句话的段落。(“巴厘岛!”“我要去中国。”)作文老师永远也不会理解本文的写作形式,但是其中充满了惊奇和欢乐,我读过的大部分报道都缺少这种特质。帖子讲述了一个中国男人的故事(更多是以橘子哥的外号知名),他不经意买到了斯托佩拉在纽约下东区失窃的手机,在他们的手机照片流交错时发生了怪事,然后整个互联网也加入了进来。
不过,这是个巧妙的推荐,因为我基本上是在承认,我完全享受阅读斯托佩拉的文章,本文具有冰雪皇后(DQ)冰风暴冰淇淋的所有优点,品味起来美妙无穷,我实际上可没说我对此很嫉妒。我要说的是,我很羡慕克里斯•比姆(Chris Beam),他用敏感内敛、颇有人情味的笔调撰写了这篇报道。比姆是位了不起的作家,他去采访了斯托佩拉文章的主角橘子哥,发现了性格更复杂的主人公,生活在更复杂的环境中。但是比姆也没有达到预期的目的。我们并不知道,马特•斯托佩拉无所顾忌地利用了橘子哥或其他类似的事情。如果配合每篇帖子、文章、推文或其他新闻来看,这篇略显奇怪而完全真实的报道就会变得更有趣。——布莱恩特•乌尔施塔特(Bryant Urstadt)
-
-
-
嘿,这个关于人工智能的博客帖子看起来就像是有趣的快速导读。至少我点击这篇文章的时候心里是这么想的。我就是这样掉进了多达2.3万字、由事实和预言组成的树洞里,这正是蒂姆•厄本的Wait But Why博客选择的编排方式。这篇文章在1月份首次发表的时候,我就读过全文,基本上鼓励我把2015年读的书全部换成了关于不久未来的科学和科幻作品。我知道你在想什么:谁有时间读这篇文章?不过别担心,这只是个博客帖子……——汤姆•兰德尔(Tom Randall)
-
-
waitbutwhy.com waitbutwhy.com
-
阅读蒂姆•厄本(Tim Urban)的科学博客Wait But Why,感觉就像是你在深夜的大学宿舍里轻松随意地聊天,不过你会获得更多的知识,也会少抽很多烟。今年他关于打败拖延症的文章值得读到结尾(一般来说,对我很难),既有丰富的知识,也能改变生活。不过如果你真的想了解这个奇才,可以挖掘他的档案,浏览蒂姆在2014年发表关于费米悖论的帖子,这篇文章试图解决人类是否在宇宙间孤独存在的永恒问题,成功地用你所希望的最轻松自然的谈话风格,阐述让人绞尽脑汁的复杂概念。——萨姆•格罗巴特(Sam Grobart)
-
-
www.wired.com www.wired.com
-
约书亚•比尔曼(Joshuah Bearman)刊登在《连线》杂志的这篇文章写得令人叫绝,通过两部分讲述了喜爱演奏非洲鼓的年轻结晶学家如何迷上自由主义经济学理论,成立了地下毒品交易平台,得益于良好的时机、Tor加密服务和对等网络,这个平台的业务蒸蒸日上,导致道德沦丧、黑客勒索,造就了比特币财富,催生了流氓调查员和雇凶杀人背叛者,最终在旧金山公共图书馆里上演了充满悬念的逮捕大戏。读完这篇长达2万字的报道,不仅让我深感羡慕,而且竟然看得还不过瘾。——费利克斯•吉莱特(Felix Gillette)
-
这篇文章描写了在线毒品交易平台丝路(Silk Road) 的史诗传奇和关闭这家网站的行动,让我看得爱不释手。我发现这个黑市网络具有无穷的魅力,精彩的犯罪故事也一下子抓住你的注意力,不过正是充满缺点和诱惑的人物,让我在此后几个星期都在回味这篇报道。这可不是剧透,我要说的是图书馆的高潮场面非常精彩。我也很喜欢托梅尔•哈努卡(Tomer Hanuka)的插画,他为《连线》绘制的作品奠定了整篇文章的基调。——亚历克斯•迪金森(Alex Dickinson)
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
-
何伟(Peter Hessler)的几乎所有文章都让我感到眼热。今年,他为《纽约客》撰写的这篇标题精彩的报道“探秘情趣内衣”更是出类拔萃。何伟发现的一个市场并不像我想象中那样小众:在埃及最保守的地区销售性感内衣(露臀紧身丝袜、遮住一侧胸部的睡裙和装饰羽毛的丁字裤)的中国商人。这篇报道讲述了各种文化和商业交汇的奇特故事。——苏珊•伯菲尔德(Susan Berfield)
-
-
www.bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com
-
This is a story about a story. The original, by Matt Stopera, appeared on BuzzFeed, and its title describes, and evokes, all of what followed in a four-part meme gone wild: “Who Is This Man And Why Are His Photos Showing Up On My Phone?” Its subtitle, “This weird thing happened to me,” is the perfect distillation of the BuzzFeed mode. The story is an agglomeration of homemade phone photos, GIFs, Twitter snapshots, listicles, and some writing, too, much of it in one-sentence paragraphs. (“Bali!” “So I go to China.”) It has no form any writing teacher would ever understand, but it’s filled with the wonder and joy that’s missing from most everything else I read. It is the story of a man in China (he’s mostly known as Orange Man, or Orange Brother) who unwittingly acquired a phone that Stopera had lost on the Lower East Side in New York, and what happened when their photo streams crossed, and then the Internet got involved.But this is a crafty recommendation, because, while I am essentially admitting that I totally enjoyed Stopera’s story, which had all the style of a DQ Blizzard, and was just as tasty, I am not actually technically saying I am jealous of it. I am saying I am jealous of Chris Beam’s sensitive, restrained, human take on his story, which probably way fewer people read. Beam, who is a terrific writer, went to visit Orange Man, the subject of Stopera’s piece, and found a much more complicated person, in a much more complicated situation. But Beam doesn’t arrive at the expected place either. We don’t learn that Matt Stopera cynically used Orange Man or anything like that. It’s just an odd, totally real story that gets more interesting with every post, or article, or tweet, or whatever. —Bryant Urstadt
这是一篇关于新闻报道的故事。马特•斯托佩拉(Matt Stopera)的原创帖子发表在BuzzFeed网站上,标题非常醒目,描述了这个四部分组成的帖子中发生的所有事情:“这个男人是谁,他的照片为什么出现在我的手机上?”副标题是“发生在我身上的这件奇怪事情”,本文在网络上迅速走红,完美诠释了BuzzFeed的模式。这个帖子综合了手机自拍照片、动图、Twitter快照、列表和部分文字,大多都是只有一句话的段落。(“巴厘岛!”“我要去中国。”)作文老师永远也不会理解本文的写作形式,但是其中充满了惊奇和欢乐,我读过的大部分报道都缺少这种特质。帖子讲述了一个中国男人的故事(更多是以橘子哥的外号知名),他不经意买到了斯托佩拉在纽约下东区失窃的手机,在他们的手机照片流交错时发生了怪事,然后整个互联网也加入了进来。
不过,这是个巧妙的推荐,因为我基本上是在承认,我完全享受阅读斯托佩拉的文章,本文具有冰雪皇后(DQ)冰风暴冰淇淋的所有优点,品味起来美妙无穷,我实际上可没说我对此很嫉妒。我要说的是,我很羡慕克里斯•比姆(Chris Beam),他用敏感内敛、颇有人情味的笔调撰写了这篇报道。比姆是位了不起的作家,他去采访了斯托佩拉文章的主角橘子哥,发现了性格更复杂的主人公,生活在更复杂的环境中。但是比姆也没有达到预期的目的。我们并不知道,马特•斯托佩拉无所顾忌地利用了橘子哥或其他类似的事情。如果配合每篇帖子、文章、推文或其他新闻来看,这篇略显奇怪而完全真实的报道就会变得更有趣。——布莱恩特•乌尔施塔特(Bryant Urstadt)
-
Oh hey, this blog post on artificial intelligence looks like a fun quick read. At least that’s what I thought to myself as I clicked. And that’s how I fell into this 23,000-word wormhole of fact and prognostication—the format of choice at Tim Urban’s Wait But Why “blog.” I read the piece in January when it first appeared, and it basically inspired me to devote all of my 2015 book reading to science and science fiction about the near future. I know what you’re thinking: Who has the time for this? But don’t worry, it’s just a blog post ... —Tom Randall
嘿,这个关于人工智能的博客帖子看起来就像是有趣的快速导读。至少我点击这篇文章的时候心里是这么想的。我就是这样掉进了多达2.3万字、由事实和预言组成的树洞里,这正是蒂姆•厄本的Wait But Why博客选择的编排方式。这篇文章在1月份首次发表的时候,我就读过全文,基本上鼓励我把2015年读的书全部换成了关于不久未来的科学和科幻作品。我知道你在想什么:谁有时间读这篇文章?不过别担心,这只是个博客帖子……——汤姆•兰德尔(Tom Randall)
-
Reading Tim Urban’s science blog Wait But Why is like having those late-night dorm room conversations you had in college, but with a lot more intelligence and a lot less weed. His breakdown this year of procrastination was worth reading to the end (which is hard for me) and was both informative and life-changing. And if you really want to break out the Graffix, dig into his archive and read Tim’s 2014 post on the Fermi Paradox, which attempts to address our eternal question of whether we’re alone in the universe, and manages to convey mind-bendingly complex ideas in the most easygoing, laid-back conversational style you could ever hope for. —Sam Grobart
阅读蒂姆•厄本(Tim Urban)的科学博客Wait But Why,感觉就像是你在深夜的大学宿舍里轻松随意地聊天,不过你会获得更多的知识,也会少抽很多烟。今年他关于打败拖延症的文章值得读到结尾(一般来说,对我很难),既有丰富的知识,也能改变生活。不过如果你真的想了解这个奇才,可以挖掘他的档案,浏览蒂姆在2014年发表关于费米悖论的帖子,这篇文章试图解决人类是否在宇宙间孤独存在的永恒问题,成功地用你所希望的最轻松自然的谈话风格,阐述让人绞尽脑汁的复杂概念。——萨姆•格罗巴特(Sam Grobart)
-
This is a wicked good, two-part story in Wired by Joshuah Bearman telling the archetypal tale of a young djembe-playing crystallographer getting hooked on libertarian economic theory and launching an underground drug bazaar, which, thanks to good timing, Tor cryptography, and peer-to-peer networking, grows into a booming business, resulting in moral corruption, blackmailing hackers, Bitcoin riches, rogue investigators, murder-for-hire betrayals, and, ultimately, a suspenseful, balletic arrest inside a San Francisco public library. Goes on for something like 20,000 words and left me envious and wanting more. —Felix Gillette
约书亚•比尔曼(Joshuah Bearman)刊登在《连线》杂志的这篇文章写得令人叫绝,通过两部分讲述了喜爱演奏非洲鼓的年轻结晶学家如何迷上自由主义经济学理论,成立了地下毒品交易平台,得益于良好的时机、Tor加密服务和对等网络,这个平台的业务蒸蒸日上,导致道德沦丧、黑客勒索,造就了比特币财富,催生了流氓调查员和雇凶杀人背叛者,最终在旧金山公共图书馆里上演了充满悬念的逮捕大戏。读完这篇长达2万字的报道,不仅让我深感羡慕,而且竟然看得还不过瘾。——费利克斯•吉莱特(Felix Gillette)
-
I couldn’t put down this epic saga of the online drug marketplace Silk Road, and the operation to shut it down. I find the Dark Web endlessly fascinating and great crime stories have an instant appeal, but it was the characters—their faults and temptations—that left me thinking about this story for weeks afterward. Without spoilers, I will say the climax library scene is brilliant. I’m also a huge fan of Tomer Hanuka’s illustrations, and his work for Wired here set the tone for the whole piece. —Alex Dickinson
这篇文章描写了在线毒品交易平台丝路(Silk Road) 的史诗传奇和关闭这家网站的行动,让我看得爱不释手。我发现这个黑市网络具有无穷的魅力,精彩的犯罪故事也一下子抓住你的注意力,不过正是充满缺点和诱惑的人物,让我在此后几个星期都在回味这篇报道。这可不是剧透,我要说的是图书馆的高潮场面非常精彩。我也很喜欢托梅尔•哈努卡(Tomer Hanuka)的插画,他为《连线》绘制的作品奠定了整篇文章的基调。——亚历克斯•迪金森(Alex Dickinson)
-
I am jealous of almost everything that Peter Hessler writes. This year’s standout is his wonderfully titled New Yorker piece, Learning to Speak Lingerie. Hessler discovered a market that's not nearly as niche as I would have thought: a community of Chinese selling lingerie (“buttless body stockings, and nightgowns that cover only one breast, and G-strings accessorized with feathers”) in one of the most conservative parts of Egypt. The story is a quirky, illuminating tale of the intersection of cultures and business. —Susan Berfield
何伟(Peter Hessler)的几乎所有文章都让我感到眼热。今年,他为《纽约客》撰写的这篇标题精彩的报道“探秘情趣内衣”更是出类拔萃。何伟发现的一个市场并不像我想象中那样小众:在埃及最保守的地区销售性感内衣(露臀紧身丝袜、遮住一侧胸部的睡裙和装饰羽毛的丁字裤)的中国商人。这篇报道讲述了各种文化和商业交汇的奇特故事。——苏珊•伯菲尔德(Susan Berfield)
-
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.inc.com www.inc.com
-
They spent $3,000 on a MakerBot Replicator 2 and made a promise to each other: If they could get the 3-D printer to pay for itself in one month by completing orders, they would quit their jobs.
他们花了3000美金买了台MakerBot Replicator 2(3D打印设备),并且许下誓言:如果他们的3D打印机能在一个月之内赚回本,他们就辞职,专心做这个事。
-
The part arrives a few days later in a cardboard package branded with big, bold letters that spell "Fictiv." (The name is a play on the word "fictive," meaning "creating or created by imagination.") By quickly identifying the shops and machines best suited for each job and intelligently routing orders, Fictiv can offer a far shorter turnaround time than that of traditional manufacturers. The service is designed for low-volume prototype manufacturing but it is capable of handling large orders for thousands of parts. For techies like Will Rehlich, Fictiv's quick approach is critical to the innovative process.
从Fictiv公司寄出的零件会被装在一个纸箱里,上面用粗体字母大大的写着“Fictiv”(这个名字是戏剧里的单词“fictive",意为用想象力去创造)。由于能够快速智能匹配制造者、机器以及每一项任务。Fictiv公司处理一份订单的周期比传统制造商要短很多。虽然这项服务是为小批量样机的制造而设计,但是它也能够处理上万个零件的大批量订单。技术人员Will Rehlich 说,Fictiv公司缩短生产周期的方式是创新的关键。
-
-
-
-
旧金山初创企业Fictiv构建了一个由3D打印机和机械制造组成的网络,方便硬件创业者购买零部件以制造产品原型。
他们把一些零件拆开,告诉人们这些产品是如何制造出来的,并把这些放到在自己的博客里。他们的策略其实很简单:教人们如何以创造性方式制造硬件产品,同时启发人们做自己的产品,当然,最好是通过购买Fictiv公司提供的零件来制造有趣的产品。
Fictiv公司的目标是以更低的产品成本,鼓励更多的创业者从事硬件产业。
从某种意义上来说,Fictiv就是制造业的Airbnb。制造业主可以把他们闲置的机器借给Fictiv公司。硬件创业者要做的是向Fictiv网站提交自己零部件清单,Fictiv会根据自己的算法分析材料成本和制造时间长短等因素,然后提供一份报价。该公司称,网络化催生了大量订单,硬件制造的成本也大幅下降。如此一来,客户就可以在Fictiv公司订购零部件的价格,就变得比自己去厂家直接进货还要低。
-
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
被誉为“笔记本电脑之父”的约翰·埃伦比 (John Ellenby) 在新西兰家中去世,享年 75 岁。《纽约时报》是这么评价 John Ellenby 的:John Ellenby 是一位值得尊敬的科学家,因为他善于把科技产品化。
埃伦比是一名英国计算机工程师,在著名的施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心工作期间,他参与研发了 Alto 电脑,之后又开发了一款更具商业竞争力的产品 Alto II。
离开施乐后,埃伦比创业成立 Grid Systems 公司,与 William Moggridge 合作,研发了全球第一款“翻盖”电脑——“罗盘电脑”(Compass Computer)。这台电脑现在依然被视为是“超越时代”的产品。
1988 年 3 月份,埃伦比将 Grid Systems 公司卖掉,与儿子创建了手持式平板电脑制造商 Agilis,后来又创建导航与增强现实应用公司 GeoVector。除此之外,埃伦比也在做地理测绘数据,为现在的手机地图积累了大量数据。
创立 Agilis 公司期间,埃伦比研发了全球第一台小尺寸手持式移动电话。
-
-
www.imarsclub.com www.imarsclub.com
-
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
"罗娜曾是曼哈顿的一个律师,2009年金融风暴时被事务所辞退,后来开了一家烘培店。她现在一周工作六天,每天5点半就要起床,开始烘面包。以前她处理文件,现在处理的是20磅一包的面粉。晚上关门以后,她还要抽出时间记账。得了感冒,她也不敢休息,因为承担不起小店关门的损失。"
"玛丽也曾经是律师,每周工作60小时,年薪25万美元。她辞职后,开了一家婚礼公司。为了拿到第一笔生意,她只开价2000美元,但是足足准备了五个月。折算下来,每小时的报酬不足2美元,而她当律师的收费是每小时450美元。"
-
-
hbr.org hbr.org
-
8 Tech Trends to Watch in 2016
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.voicer.me www.voicer.me
-
-
www.mekamon.com www.mekamon.comReachEdu1
-
英国公司 Reach Robotics 研发了一款基于 AR 的游戏对战机器人 MekaMon,用户只需要一部手机或平板电脑即可来一场机器人决斗赛。通过手机或平板电脑的屏幕,可以看到一个基于现实场景虚拟出的战场,你操控的机器人能在其中移动、发射炮弹以及激光枪与敌人战斗。
Reach Robotics 还为 MekaMon 的游戏设计了宏大的故事背景——MekaMon Universe,让玩家操控蜘蛛去解救外星人肆虐的未来世界。
除了单人 AR 对战游戏,MekaMon 还有多玩家对战和街机模式,只是多人模式不支持 AR,需要连接 Wi-Fi,完全依靠机器蜘蛛的硬件实力、玩家的策略和操作取胜;街机模式顾名思义,就是可以随时随地和小伙伴开战,而且还不需要连网。
另外,就如同各种打怪就能升级的网游,单人模式中的 MekaMon 在游戏中获得的虚拟物品同样可以使机器人解锁新技能。
不仅如此,MekaMon 采用了模块化设计,玩家能更换腿部等身体部位,还可以额外增加武器或是盾牌来升级机器人。
-
-
longnow.org longnow.org
-
他讲的另一个故事是关于秦始皇的,其实演讲开场就已经埋下线索,述说秦始皇统一度量衡、车同辙的功绩,以及求长生而不得,反而死于斯的讽刺。其后的演讲中,他讲到秦始皇陵中“以水银为百川江河大海”的传说,以及这个传说又如何在皇陵被现代人发现后,有效地避免现代考古人员可能会遭受的伤害。
由此他谈到如何通过故事来传递重要信息。对于书面文字而言,一方面受限于纸张的损耗,并不一定能够流传多久。另一方面,如《圣经》这般经历了无数次重印,在这一过程中,语言也在逐渐变化着,流行语种改变了、特定词语的含义也改变了,文本在传承的过程中难免会面临失真的窘境。因此书面文字或许可以保存一定时间,但终究会逐渐失去自身的原始面貌。当我们将时间尺度从几年、几十年拉伸到几百年、几千年后,用书面文字来传承文化,其实并不一定可靠。
更别提数字版的文字了。想想提供电子图书服务的这些公司吧,他们真的能够存活百年以上吗?当我们跳出自己生命的尺度去考虑问题之后,很多答案就变的清晰起来。
能够跨越千年时间传递至今而基本保持原始含义不变的,其实是故事,尤其是那些口头传说。在经历了讲述者一遍又一遍的重复后,你可以将故事这个生命体的流传过程,看作一次又一次人为的遗传、变异。突变仍然会在每一次述说的过程中发生,但最终能够存活到下一个述说者,甚至传递了一个又一个世代,仍然得到了保存的,必将是为整个人类视若珍宝的内容。
于是我们通过一次又一次传承,在最后走回了最初,将一个又一个故事,加工成了同一个母故事。对于《睡美人》而言,故事的核心在于睡眠与醒觉;对于《灰姑娘》来说,故事的精华在于那双奇怪的“水晶鞋”。根据盖曼的说法,这本是翻译过程中的一次谬误,但水晶鞋的存在让《灰姑娘》这个故事在与无数类似故事的竞争中存活了下来,人们最终选择了一次又一次复述这个故事,也许只是因为这双水晶鞋的存在,点亮了听者的双眼,不论这种鞋是不是真的适合穿在脚上。
当我们将故事视为生命之后,去解释故事的存在与传承,也就显得合理许多了。因为它本就像生命一样,同样要面临优胜劣汰、适者生存。正如“水晶鞋”的变异一样,它的生命有时也充满了巧合与惊奇。
-
盖曼讲到了一个故事,他的一位女性长辈曾经在纳粹集中营里生活过,她开办了一个小小的班级,教女孩子们劳动技能。但私底下她是在这个身份掩盖下,为她们读书,教她们文化,因为当时纳粹是禁止书籍的传播的。每次上课她都会为她们读《飘》中的一章。
也许你会质疑,为什么要冒着被发现后遭到屠杀的危险来阅读一部小说。她的解释是,每次阅读的时候,这些女孩们就能够跨越大西洋,随着故事的主人公郝思嘉去经历一段冒险。但更为真实的原因是,郝思嘉的冒险可以让她们短暂地忘却自己苦痛的真实生活。
不论以何种形式出现,故事的魅力都在于让我们能够从自己的生活中抽身而出,不论这份生活是否让你满意,你总能在故事中找到现实生活中并不存在的那份感受。在欣赏过故事之后,回到现实,你会发现你对现实的理解也随着阅读/观看过故事的经历,而有所变化。
在故事中所蕴藏的力量,是不可见的,你可以以一切理由否定它的存在。但它对我们如何过好自己的生活产生的影响,却又是切实的。也许就是因为我们的存在本身,就不仅仅蕴于肉体层面,也在于精神层面。
-
尼尔·盖曼(Neil Gaiman)接受今日永存基金会(The Long Now)邀请,所做的一次演讲,演讲的名称是《故事如何流传下去》(How Stories Last)。
今日永存基金会的英文名称是“The Long Now Foundation”,所谓“The Long Now”,如尼尔·盖曼在演讲中所理解的,其实是鼓励我们以超过自身生命的时间长度,来思考问题:“如果我们持续捕捞鲸鱼,这一物种就会走向灭绝。不仅我们自己将再也看不到他们,我们的后代眼里,鲸鱼也将成为传说而非现实。但更重要的是,不会有人来将它复活,没有人会纠正人类的错误。”
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
ssir.org ssir.org
-
“斯坦福社会创新评论”启发了全世界各个领域上百万的社会变革领袖。从非营利领域、商业领域,到政府领域,斯坦福社会创新评论在研究、理论和实践间架起了一座桥梁,其探讨主题包括人权、影响力投资、非营利型商业模式等。该博客由斯坦福慈善与公民社会研究中心发布。
-
-
oxfamblogs.org oxfamblogs.org
-
“从权力到贫穷”是一个对话性博客,博主为邓肯·格林(Duncan Green),乐施会(Oxfam GB)战略顾问、《从贫穷到权力》一书作者。博客中提出,要打破贫穷和不平等怪圈,需要彻底地对权力、机会和资产进行再分配,而非传统的慈善模式或政府救济。积极的城市公民和高效的政府机构是推动这一转变的主要力量。此博客为邓肯个人反思,不作为乐施会所赞同政策理解。
-
-
acumen.org acumen.org
-
“智者基金”由《蓝毛衣》一书作者杰奎琳·诺瓦格拉茨(Jacqueline Novogratz)于2001年组建,以转变全球贫困解决方案为使命。该非营利性全球创业基金,使用投资公司、领导者和创意等创业手段来解决全球贫困问题。他们尝试证明,小额慈善资本与大量商业头脑相结合,可以创造能为广大贫困者服务的企业胜景。其博客由该基金全球员工创作评论,内容涵盖社会投资、创业和金字塔商务策略基础(base of the pyramid(BoP) business strategies)等方面。
-
-
wordflex.com wordflex.com
-
Wordflex Touch Dictionary 完整收纳、整合了牛津英语词典、新牛津美语词典、牛津英语同义词词典三本大词典,由 Schematix 与牛津大学出版社为 iPad 用户量身打造。它的最大特色是按照思维导图的组织方式,在你查询一个单词的时候会显示出与其相关的其他词汇,形成一个以查询词会核心,用动、名、形词态,同反义词,衍生词等等不同关系的词汇发散出去的节点知识网络。
-
-
-
由官方编制的《Designed by Apple in California》分有大、小两个尺寸。全书 450 页,记录了苹果 20 年来年推出过的各种产品和设计过程。带你一览从 iMac 到 Apple Pencil 的视觉历史,完整描述其中的创新材质与技术,事无巨细地捕捉产品设计背后的创作初心。经过 Apple 团队八年的整理创作而成。
-
-
www.kiwico.com www.kiwico.com
-
Kiwi crate成立于2011年,是一家采用按月订购的网站,针对5-8岁的儿童设计并提供创意手工项目和相关用具。Kiwi crate帮助儿童在娱乐和学习中提供创意灵感和材料,从而激发孩子们的创造力及动手能力,帮助父母以更灵活的方式引导孩子发现、探索、并创造出自己的作品。
Kiwi crate创始人Sandra谈到“我自己是个喜欢体验手工乐趣的母亲,但生活中父母往往很难想出更多的创意并找到可以动手的材料”,因此她与另两名朋友创办了kiwi crate,让那些没有时间或者不会设计这类创意游戏的父母,也能够为孩子提供这样一种寓教于乐的手工项目,让孩子在体验动手的乐趣之余得到潜移默化的创新教育。
Kiwi Crate的使命是为下一代的创新者提供工具,帮助他们创造性地解决问题和进行不断地探索。Kiwi crate的成立也是为了鼓励儿童天生的创造力和好奇心,其目的是让每个孩子都可以把自己视为科学家、艺术家、创造者和制造者。
-
-
translationjournal.net translationjournal.net
-
-
A letter from Warren Weaver to the computer specialist Norbert Wiener in March 1947 is considered to mark the beginning of this process. Two years later, in July 1949, Weaver publicized his ideas on the applications of the computer to translation and shortly afterwards a number of universities in the United States initiated research into the field of machine translation.
1947 年,数学家 Warren Weaver 给计算机专家 Norbert Wiener 写了封信,提出了使用计算机进行翻译的想法。两年后,Warren Weaver 把他的想法正式发表了出来,随后美国多所大学启动了机器翻译项目。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
waitbutwhy.com waitbutwhy.com
-
So if we want to think like a scientist more often in life, those are the three key objectives—to be humbler about what we know, more confident about what’s possible, and less afraid of things that don’t matter.
如果我们希望在生活中更多地如科学家般思考,可参考三个关键目标,即:1.对已知的事物保持谦逊;2.对可能实现的事物保持自信;3.对无关紧要的事物不存怯懦之心。
-
When you grow up, you tend to get told the world is the way it is and your life is just to live your life inside the world. Try not to bash into the walls too much. Try to have a nice family life, have fun, save a little money. That’s a very limited life. Life can be much broader once you discover one simple fact. And that is: Everything around you that you call life was made up by people that were no smarter than you. And you can change it, you can influence it, you can build your own things that other people can use. Once you learn that, you’ll never be the same again.
在成长的过程中,别人会不断地跟你说,这个世界就是这样的,你只需要在这样的世界里过好自己的就行了。别老是去碰壁。试着让家庭生活过得更开心,享受生活,再存点钱。那样的生活真无趣。只要你发现一个简单的事实,生活就能远比现在宽广——在你身边称之为生活的一切事物,都是被一群并不比你聪明的人编造出来的。你完全可以做出改变、留下影响,自己造出新事物,并让其他人参与进来。一旦学会了这点,你就能不同以往、脱胎换骨。
-
Society as a whole is its own loose tribe, often spanning your whole nation or even your whole part of the world, and what we call “conventional wisdom” is its guiding dogma cookbook—online and available to the public. Typically, the larger the tribe, the more general and more outdated the dogma—and the conventional wisdom database runs like a DMV website last updated in 1992. But when the cook has nowhere else to turn, it’s like a trusty old friend.
整体上看,社会是一个松散的部落,经常横跨整个国家,甚至世界某个部分的全部,我们所谓的「传统智慧」就是它的核心教义烹饪书——大众可在线搜索到。典型情况是这样的,部落越大,其教义也会更加普泛和过时——传统智慧数据库,诸如DMV之类的网站,上次更新时间是1992年。但是,当厨子没其他地方寻求意见时,这些过时的内容就是他会信任的老朋友。
-
The Cook and the Chef
-
I think generally people’s thinking process is too bound by convention or analogy to prior experiences. It’s rare that people try to think of something on a first principles basis. They’ll say, “We’ll do that because it’s always been done that way.” Or they’ll not do it because “Well, nobody’s ever done that, so it must not be good.” But that’s just a ridiculous way to think. You have to build up the reasoning from the ground up—“from the first principles” is the phrase that’s used in physics. You look at the fundamentals and construct your reasoning from that, and then you see if you have a conclusion that works or doesn’t work, and it may or may not be different from what people have done in the past.
我认为,人们的思维过程通常都束缚在常规或类似的经历中。人们很少会试着在第一原则的基础上考虑某些事。他们习惯说:「因为我们以前那样做过,所以我们会这样做。」或者,他们不做这事是因为「好吧,之前没人做过,所以情况肯定不太妙。」但是,这是一种荒谬的思维方式。你必须从头开始推理——「从第一原则开始」是物理学中的一个表述。你注视着那些基本条件,然后从中建构你的推理,之后你可以看看是否得出一个有效或是无效的结论——可能会和人们以往的结论相同,也可能不同。
-
In 1681, English theologian Thomas Burnet published Sacred Theory of the Earth, in which he explained how geology worked. What happened was, around 6,000 years ago, the Earth was formed as a perfect sphere with a surface of idyllic land and a watery interior. But then, when the surface dried up a little later, cracks formed in its surface, releasing much of the water from within. The result was the Biblical Deluge and Noah having to deal with a ton of shit all week. Once things settled down, the Earth was no longer a perfect sphere—all the commotion had distorted the surface, bringing about mountains and valleys and caves down below, and the whole thing was littered with the fossils of the flood’s victims.
1681年,英国神学家Thomas Burnet出版了《地球神圣理论(SacredTheory of the Earth)》,解释了地质学是怎么回事:6000年前,地球是一个完美的圆球,地面上是伊甸园般的土地,核心是液体。但是,随着表面土地干燥,土地裂开,水从核心流出来。结果引发了圣经里的大洪水,也出现了诺亚方舟。当一切恢复平静时,地球不再是一个完美的圆球——这些动荡撕裂了表面,带来了高山低谷以及地下洞穴,四处散落着大洪水中死去的动植物化石。
-
1) To understand why Musk is doing what he’s doing. 2) To understand why Musk is able to do what he’s doing.
1)搞清楚马斯克为什么要做手头这些事情
2)搞清楚他为什么能够做这些事情
-
The Cook and the Chef: Musk’s Secret Sauce
-
-
www.huffpost.com www.huffpost.com
-
30岁应该是什么样子呢?什么都会做、未来清晰又明确还是事业走向巅峰?来自巴西圣保罗的设计师和影片导演Fabricio Lima制作了一个由30幅GIF组成的动画片。Fabricio用这样的方式对自己的30岁进行了剖析。
-
-
ssir.org ssir.org
-
Seven years ago, CWU began to build a new framework that enables people to buttress their strategic thinking skills and to follow through on their goals in the face of daily life challenges that would normally throw them off-course. Called the Bridge to Self Sufficiency, or the Bridge for short, this framework is an EF-informed “scaffold” structure that helps participants concurrently attain progress in the five areas that our research has shown to be pivotal to fostering economic mobility: family stability, well-being, education, financial management, and career management.
七年前,克理天顿妇女联盟开始设计一种被称为“自给自足搭桥法”(或简称“桥法”)的思维框架,让人在维持策略性思维的同时又能在日常生活挑战下点滴实现目标,最终脱离困境。这一基于EF的“脚手架”型框架帮助参与者在五个领域中同时取得进步,我们的研究显示,这五个领域对实现经济稳定十分重要:家庭稳定度、幸福度、教育、财政管理和职业管理。
-
Recent discoveries in brain science demonstrate that stress compromises memory, making it harder for people to remember several things at one time. Stress also makes it harder to maintain mental flexibility, to shift back and forth between potential approaches to solving problems, and to weigh the future implications of current decisions. As a result, many who have been raised in conditions of significant stress—or who are currently undergoing acute stress—struggle to keep track of the multiple problems in their lives, to analyze those problems, to explore options for dealing with them, and to set priorities for how best to move ahead.
一个脑科学新兴理论认为,贫穷压力会对人的思考力和自控力产生负面影响,使其无法摆脱贫困循环。这种通常被称为执行功能(executive function, EF)的技能对人解决问题、执行多任务、控制冲动、分辨轻重的能力、以及忍耐力和毅力都起到基础性作用。哈佛大学儿童发展研究中心研究人员发现,生活贫困至少会从两个方面影响人脑的EF能力:一是形成巨大生活压力,让人一叶障目,决策质量大打折扣;二是会影响身处贫困的儿童脑部发育。
-
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.kiva.org www.kiva.org
-
Kiva到达一个目标国家,先寻找当地合作伙伴,往往是当地小额贷款机构, 学校,社会企业,非营利组织,也和paypal, VISA, 当地银行等在交易层面合作。 当地合作伙伴寻找负责的地区内值得投资的企业项目与个人贷款需求,推荐给Kiva。Kiva在经过筛选后将项目发布到kiva.org上,项目会有30天的时间筹得所需贷款。项目得到足够的贷款后,Kiva会将款项转给当地合作伙伴,当地合作伙伴再将款项出借给个体的借款人。在贷款期限将至时,当地合作伙伴负责从借款人处收取还款,并按照Kiva要求将款项汇还给贷款人。
为了保证贷款的偿还和资金的有效利用,Kiva对于当地合作伙伴、以及合作伙伴的项目都有严格而有效的筛选制度,这种制度除了使用更为常见的银行信用历史核查,更是利用社区(community)为基础形成的同伴信用查询(peer credit review)来补充典型信用核查的缺失,或弥补常见信用核查的不足。
贷款偿还不是Kiva 借贷项目的最后一步,贷款人还会和借款人保持长期联系,跟进其项目的进展,在Kiva的网站上及时更新借款人的”故事“, 让慈善贷款人对他们支持的项目有人性化的情感上的了解,让他们与借款人之间形成个人的情谊和伙伴关系。
-
Kiva.org成立于2005年,它诞生于斯坦福一个商学院学生(Jessica Jackley)以及一个斯坦福计算机与哲学双科毕业生 (Matt Flannery)使用金融为慈善服务的想法,通过借贷连结人与人,扶助贫困为己任。
Kiva 的出借人更愿意承担风险,因为他们更容易和借款人建立情感上的联系,他们更注重借款所产生的价值,而非借款人的还款能力。
-
-
www.huffpost.com www.huffpost.com
-
五岁的时候,Premal跟随父母回到其出生的印度小镇Gurajat。 自小在明尼苏达中产阶级郊区长大,Premal在这次的旅行中第一次看到了最恶劣的贫困: “在去菜市场的路上,我们经过了无数的乞丐,并且不得不经过一条贯通全镇的下水道...在明尼苏达州我从未看到像这样的场景,本能地更加攥紧了手,手里握着的是妈妈交给我用来买菜的一小枚卢比硬币... 我留意到一位年老的女人在市场中注视着我们。。 那枚卢比币从我手中滑落。这枚硬币接着开始直接朝着那肮脏的下水道滚动,...它一直滚动着,直到快到下水道的边缘。。这位注视着我们的年老女人不加犹豫地把手伸进了下水道,想要把硬币占为己有。 当然,我并没有阻止她。 我看出了她对获得这一块卢比的感激:她把手伸进了下水道,从污物中把那一卢比的硬币捞出来,然后把双手伸向天空,感谢她的上帝。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
mymodernmet.com mymodernmet.com
-
兰迪诗(Landysh)是一位俄罗斯英语老师,为了方便学生记忆,她不但变身插画师,还成了一位段子手,将枯燥的英文编成妙趣横生的文字游戏。
一群猫咪和它们主人的日常生活被她重新装点,可爱呆萌的画风加上流淌着淡淡温暖和傻气的文字,它们也许不能帮你解决什么难题,但却能为你无聊烦躁的生活带来一些快乐。
-
-
firstround.com firstround.com
-
8 Rare Gems from Heidi Roizen on Building a Fulfilling Life and Career
-
-
www.themuse.com www.themuse.com
-
5 Habits of Truly Amazing Communicators
-
-
evpa.eu.com evpa.eu.com
-
-
zh.wikipedia.org zh.wikipedia.org
-
-
www.arweave.org www.arweave.orgarweave1
-
Arweave是一个试图永恒储人类存历史和知识的去中心化数据库。我们参考了区块链这一数据结构,创建了一个分布在诸多计算机之间的账本,再通过纵向扩展(scale up)该系统使之可以处理超大量信息,试图以此打造一个永不遗忘的档案馆。在这里,信息的副本将分散各地而非聚集在一处。
-
-
fortune.com fortune.com
-
101 Great Things About America (2020 Edition)
“美国100个伟大事物”榜单再现江湖,-This)
-
-
www.insidehighered.com www.insidehighered.com
-
Nobel Laureate Robert Lefkowitz is James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Medicine and professor of biochemistry, pathology and chemistry at Duke University. This article is adapted from A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist, by Robert Lefkowitz with Randy Hall (just published by Pegasus Books).
罗伯特⋅莱夫科维茨,美国生物化学家、医生,杜克大学James B. Duke杰出医学教授。莱夫科维茨因在G蛋白偶联受体方面的工作,与他的学生布赖恩·科比尔卡(Brian Kobilka)共享了2012年诺贝尔化学奖。本文节选自他的新书A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist。
-
The Art of Scholarly Mentoring
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
2014年,尼克·索萨尼斯(Nick Sousanis)用一部漫画(《非平面》(Unflattening))作为教育学博士的毕业论文,顺利地从美国哥伦比亚大学毕业,开创了哥大用漫画形式作为论文的先河。
2015年,这部漫画被哈佛大学出版社作为学术书籍出版。
这部漫画获得了《纽约观察报》“十大创新书籍”、2015年林德·沃德“年度图像小说奖”、美国专业与学术杰出出版奖(人文类)等奖项。
-
-
aprt.us aprt.us
-
Apparatus is a hybrid graphics editor and programming environment for creating interactive diagrams. The Apparatus Editor runs in the browser and interactive diagrams created with Apparatus can be shared and embedded on the web (coming soon).
Apparatus是用于创建交互式图表的混合图形编辑器和编程环境。
Apparatus编辑器在浏览器中运行,用Apparatus创建的交互式图表可以在网络上共享和嵌入。
-
-
www.ycombinator.com www.ycombinator.com
-
所谓 Toy Markets 就是指很多创业公司在初创的时候,往往会指向一个看起来很不起眼的市场机会。而随着不断成长,这个市场会快速变大,最终这家公司成为定义和创造了新的行业的领导者。
在早期就发现这样的公司或市场是非常困难的。很多时候,投资人甚至没有耐心听完创始人的陈述,就已经做好了判断。从荒诞不经的想法到重新定义行业,中间的差别是什么?作者认为有两种可能,一种是临近市场(Adjacencies),另一种是行为改变(Behavior Change)。前者是指企业从一个较小的市场机会切入,然后进入下一个临近的市场机会,比如 Uber 从共享私家车开始,逐步切入整个出行市场。后者是指消费者的行为可能发生变化,从而让小机会变成大机会,比如 GE 从灯泡开始,而快速发展的电气化是一个更大的机会。
-
Imagination ends up being the necessary trait that allows founders to see how something small can become large. It is also what investors need in order to believe in a founder who figures out how to build something that doesn’t exist.
想象力最终成为必要的特质,让创始人看到小事如何变成大事。这也是投资人所需要的,以便相信一个想出如何建立不存在的东西的创始人。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.ben-evans.com www.ben-evans.com
-
这个 PPT 的精彩之处是在第 31 页到第 36 页。Evans 的 PPT 都很简洁,但他也附上了一个由他讲解的视频,帮助理解。
这几页幻灯片是从 Amazon 上超过 60% 的 GMV 来自于第三方卖家开始的,而这其中,超过 40% 的第三方卖家都是来自中国的。这背后的含义是,「中国制造」正在跳过原有的中间商,通过亚马逊的平台直接接触消费者。与此同时,在 Amazon 之外,Shopify 在 2020 年前三个季度的 GMV 已经超过 800 亿美元(vs. Amazon 2020 全年 GMV 预计在 4000-5000 亿美元)。
-
-
www.joincolossus.com www.joincolossus.com
-
I think that the biggest fallacy of value investing is that people are not willing to revisit that word from first principles. Valuable means a thing that is of great worth. It's worth a great deal of money. Those are two different definitions of the word. I tend to think about value that way, as well, which is I think the biggest problem that people get wrong is they look at a cheap PE or lots of free cash flow, and they confuse it with that old Charlie Munger, Buffett-ism of a used cigar with two puffs left, or a used cigarette with two puffs left.
我认为价值投资最大的谬误是人们不愿意从第一性原理来重新审视这个词。有价值的意思是指一个东西,很有价值……人们最大的错误是,他们看中了一个便宜的 P/E 倍数或者大量的自由现金流。
-
Chamath Palihapitiya 是 Social Capital 的创始人和 CEO
他的主题只有两个:气候变化和收入不平等。特别是后者,他反复强调 labor 和 capital 两种收入模式的区别,并认为每个人都应该理解这个区别,并努力完成这个跨越。在访谈的前半部分,他分享了自己年轻时候的经历。
访谈的后半部分讲到了他对价值投资的看法。很多人认为 Palihapitiya 是反对价值投资的,他擅长在社交媒体上(他在 Twitter 上有 129 万粉丝)创造争议性的讨论,并以此推动叙事。不难想象,他的投资风格极度激进,难以用传统的理解进行归类。
-
But to be honest with you, what it really taught me is that personal finance is not taught. Nobody knows how to get ahead. That being poor is a systemic condition in North America. It is a disease that's equivalent to diabetes and heart disease or depression or any other kind of mental illness, except that it's structural and institutionalized. It's not something that's wrong with your physiology. Poverty is just something that's conditioned into people in the way that society works in a Western.
但说实话,真正让我明白的是,个人理财无法被教授。没有人知道如何获得成功。贫穷在北美是一种系统性的症状。它是一种疾病,类似于糖尿病和心脏病或抑郁症或任何其他类型的精神疾病,只不过它是一种结构化和制度化的疾病。它不是你的生理问题,它是由于西方社会的运作方式而产生的一种状况。
-
-
-
Genius is not an absolute but a human construct that’s dependent on time, place and culture. Similarly, genius is relative. Some people simply change the world more than others. Accordingly, genius presupposes an inequality of output (the exceptional thoughts of an Einstein, or the music of a Bach) and generates an inequality of reward (eternal fame for Bach, fabulous riches for Amazon’s Jeff Bezos). That’s just the way the world works. Acts of genius are usually attended by acts of destruction; that’s generally called progress.
天才不是绝对的,而是一种人类的建构,它取决于时间、地点和文化。同样,天才也是相对的。有些人只是比其他人更容易改变世界。相应地,天才预设了产出的不平等(爱因斯坦的卓越思想,或巴赫的音乐),并产生了回报的不平等(巴赫的永恒名声,亚马逊的杰夫-贝佐斯的神话般的财富)。这就是世界的运作方式。天才的行为通常伴随着破坏的行为;这通常被称为进步。
-
A genius is a person of extraordinary mental powers whose original works or insights change society in some significant way for good or for ill across cultures and across time.
天才是指具有非凡精神力量的人,他们的原创作品或见解在不同文化和不同时期以某种重要的方式改变了社会。
-
Genius (G) equals Significance (S) of the degree of impact or change effected (Alexander Fleming’s life-saving penicillin vs Kanye West’s latest style of Yeezy sneakers) times the Number (N) of people impacted (about 200 million lives saved vs 280,000 pairs of shoes sold) times Duration (D) of impact (antibiotics have been around for 80 years; the life of a shoe is use-dependent). Although the ‘genius equation’ was not a foolproof formula, at least here was a useful way to frame a discussion over the course of an academic term.
作者用盘尼西林和 Yeezy 球鞋来对比举例。前者的强度大(拯救生命)、人数多(大概 2 亿人)、时间长(约 80 年),远超后者。因此 Alexander Fleming(盘尼西林的发明者)比 Kayne West(Yezzy 球鞋的创始人)更加天才。
-
Here was a formula that students and the populace at large could immediately grasp: G = S x N x D
天才的公式是这样定义的:
天才 Genius = 影响力强度 Significance x 影响人数 Number x 影响的时间持久度 Duration。
-
If IQ is overrated, curiosity and persistence are not. Nor is a having a childlike imagination through adult life, the capacity to relax so as to allow disparate ideas to coalesce into new, original ones, and the ability to construct a habit for work so as to get the product out the door. Finally, if you want to live a long life, get a passion. Geniuses are passionate optimists who on average outlive the general populace by more than a decade.
如果智商被高估了,好奇心和毅力则不会。在成年人的生活中拥有孩童般的想象力、放松的能力,以便让完全不同的想法结合成新的、原创的想法,以及建立工作习惯以便将产品推出门外的能力,都不是一种能力。最后,如果你想长寿,就要有激情。天才是充满激情的乐观主义者,他们的平均寿命比一般人长寿十几年。
-
-
-
We’ve described a third view, in which AIs actually change humanity, helping us invent new cognitive technologies, which expand the range of human thought. Perhaps one day those cognitive technologies will, in turn, speed up the development of AI, in a virtuous feedback cycle:
我们描述了第三种观点,AI实际上改变了人类,帮助我们发明了新的认知技术,扩展了人类思维的范围。或许有一天,这些认知技术将反过来加速AI的发展,形成良性循环:
-
Examples such as those described in this essay suggest that AI systems can enable the creation of new cognitive technologies. Things like the font tool aren’t just oracles to be consulted when you want a new font. Rather, they can be used to explore and discover, to provide new representations and operations, which can be internalized as part of the user’s own thinking. And while these examples are in their early stages, they suggest AI is not just about cognitive outsourcing. A different view of AI is possible, one where it helps us invent new cognitive technologies which transform the way we think.
本文描述的例子表明,AI系统推动了新的认知技术的发明。字体工具不仅仅是当你需要一个新字体时可以咨询的预言家。而且,它们可以被用于探索和发现,提供新的表示和操作,能够被内化为用户思考的一部分。虽然这些例子只处于早期阶段,但是它们预示着AI不仅仅是关于认知外包。对于AI的一个不同观点是,它帮助我们发明新的认知技术,转换我们思考的方式。
-
This essay describes a new field, emerging today out of a synthesis of AI and IA. For this field, we suggest the name artificial intelligence augmentation (AIA): the use of AI systems to help develop new methods for intelligence augmentation. This new field introduces important new fundamental questions, questions not associated to either parent field. We believe the principles and systems of AIA will be radically different to most existing systems.
本文描述了一个新的领域,这个领域来自于AI和IA的综合。我们建议将这个领域命名为人工智能增强(artificial intelligence augmentation,简称AIA):使用AI系统帮助开发智能增强(IA)的新方法。这个新领域引入了新的重要的基础问题,这些问题无法关联到任何的父领域中。我们相信 AIA 的原理和系统将会与大多数存在的系统完全不同。
-
Historically, different answers to this question – that is, different visions of computing – have helped inspire and determine the computing systems humanity has ultimately built. Consider the early electronic computers. ENIAC, the world’s first general-purpose electronic computer, was commissioned to compute artillery firing tables for the United States Army. Other early computers were also used to solve numerical problems, such as simulating nuclear explosions, predicting the weather, and planning the motion of rockets. The machines operated in a batch mode, using crude input and output devices, and without any real-time interaction. It was a vision of computers as number-crunching machines, used to speed up calculations that would formerly have taken weeks, months, or more for a team of humans.
在历史上,这个问题的不同答案——即对计算的不同见解——有助于启发和确立最终建立的人性化计算系统。早期的电子计算机 ENIAC,是世界上第一台通用电子计算机,它的目的是为美国军队计算火炮射击表。其他早期的计算机也被用于解决数值问题,如模拟原子弹爆炸、预测天气、规划火箭的运动。在批处理模式下运行的机器,使用粗糙的输入和输出设备,而且没有任何实时的交互。这种观点把计算机看作是数值处理机器,用于加速在之前要花费数周、数月或需要一个团队人力才能完成的计算任务。
-
Using Artificial Intelligence to Augment Human Intelligence
-
-
cognitivemedium.com cognitivemedium.com
-
In the 1960s and 1970s, Douglas Engelbart, J. C. R. Licklider, Alan Kay, and others developed a vision of computers as devices for augmenting and extending human beings. This vision strongly influenced later researchers and entrepreneurs, including people such as Steve Jobs, and has now entered mainstream media accounts.
在 20 世纪 60⁄70 年代,Douglas Engelbart、JCR Licklider、Alan Kay 和其他人发展了计算机作为增强和扩展人类的设备的愿景。这一愿景强烈影响了后来的研究人员和企业家,包括史蒂夫.乔布斯等人,现在已进入到主流媒体。
-
I believe this is what made MacPaint so exciting to 11 year-old me: it expanded the range of thoughts I could think. As a practical matter, this expressed itself as an expansion in the range of visual images I could create. In general, what makes an interface transformational is when it introduces new elements of cognition that enable new modes of thought. More concretely, such an interface makes it easy to have insights or make discoveries that were formerly difficult or impossible. At the highest level, it will enable discoveries (or other forms of creativity) that go beyond all previous human achievement. Alan Kay has asked*:* Alan Kay, What is a Dynabook? (2013). “what is the carrying capacity for ideas of the computer?” Similarly, we may ask: what is the carrying capacity for discovery of the computer?
我相信这就是 MacPaint 令 11 岁的我大为兴奋的原因:它扩大了我的思考范围。在此,它扩大了我所能创造的视觉图像的范围。一般而言,界面拥有转变能力的原因在于它引入了新的认知元素,从而实现新的思维模式。具体而言,这样的界面使得从前难以获得的深刻洞见变得容易获得。甚至,它将使你的探索(或其他形式的创造力)超越所有前人。 艾伦凯曾问道“计算机承载创意的能力究竟如何?”同样地,我们可能会问:“计算机的承载发现的能力究竟如何?”
-
[A]dult students beginning in art generally do not really see what is in front of their eyes — that is, they do not perceive in the way required for drawing. They take note of what's there, and quickly translate the perception into words and symbols mainly based on the symbol system developed throughout childhood and on what they know about the perceived object.
成年后才开始学习艺术的学生通常不会真正看到他们眼前的东西 – 他们不会以绘画所需的方式来感知。 将感知到的眼前事物转化为文字和符号的能力,主要基于童年时期发展的符号系统以及他们对被感知对象的了解。
-
In extreme cases, to use such an interface is to enter a new world, containing objects and actions unlike any you've previously seen. At first these elements seem strange. But as they become familiar, you internalize the elements of this world. Eventually, you become fluent, discovering powerful and surprising idioms, emergent patterns hidden within the interface. You begin to think with the interface, learning patterns of thought that would formerly have seemed strange, but which become second nature. The interface begins to disappear, becoming part of your consciousness. You have been, in some measure, transformed.
在极致情况下,使用这样的界面就是进入到一个包含对象和行为的新世界,它与你之前看到的世界不同。起初新界面里的元素看起来很奇怪。但随着它们变得熟悉,你内化了这个世界里的元素。最终,你变得熟练,发现了强大而惊人的习语以及界面中隐藏的新模式。你开始用界面来思考,学习以前看起来很奇怪的思维模式,但它们逐渐成为你的第二天性。界面开始消失,成为你意识的一部分。在某种程度上,你已经发生了转变。
-
Thought as a Technology
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
-
The final group project for Sarkis’ seminar was effectively an exercise in collaborative worldbuilding. We were tasked with imagining a city-world not bounded by political borders and guided by an organizing theme for a future scenario. Several groups imagined dystopian cityscapes ravaged by global warming, another envisioned an ecotopia where natural systems, biodiversity, and people coexist in the post-humanist city. My group, consisting of students in architecture, urban planning, and related design studies, addressed the consequences of extreme socio-economic stratification. We imagined parallel cities of prosperity and leisure, a late-capitalist New Babylon, accessible only through paid subscription. Not wanting to dwell on the darker side of our dystopian city-world, we quietly de-emphasized the spaces where the ninety percent live.
Sarkis研讨会的最后一个小组项目实际上是一个合作建设世界的练习。我们的任务是设想一个不受政治边界限制的城市世界,并以未来情景的组织主题为指导。有几个小组设想了被全球变暖破坏的反乌托邦城市景观,另一些团体设想了一个后人文主义城市中自然系统、生物多样性和人类共存的生态乌托邦。我的小组由建筑、城市规划和相关设计研究的学生组成,他们致力于研究极端社会经济分层的后果。我们想象着一个繁荣休闲的平行城市,一个资本主义晚期的新巴比伦,只有付费订阅才能进入。我们不想停留在我们反乌托邦的城市世界的阴暗面,我们悄悄地弱化了90%的人居住的空间。
-
The World as an Architectural Project is reflexive and historical rather than megalomaniacal, as might be surmised from the title. Inherent to the imagination behind Sarkis’ editorial intent and selected case studies is the act of worldmaking, or what we will refer to here as worldbuilding—the process of designing and describing fictional, future, or alternate worlds, societies, and cities.
《世界是一个建筑项目》(The World as an Architectural Project)是反思性的和历史性的,而不是像标题所推测的那样是狂妄自大的。在Sarkis的编辑意图和选定的案例研究背后的想象是世界创造的行为,或者我们在这里将称之为世界建设——设计和描述虚构的、未来的或者交替的世界、社会和城市的过程。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
thereader.mitpress.mit.edu thereader.mitpress.mit.edu
-
Luddite philosophy also rests on the notion that the adoption of a new technology may resolve an existing problem, but that it may create future problems and concerns. Thus, technology must be viewed from all angles, and, if a technology is found to have negative consequences, social resources must be devoted to changing or fixing that technology. For Luddites, the idea of voluntary and democratic adoption of technology in a sustainable fashion is a central tenet of their philosophy.
勒德主义哲学还建立在这样一种观念上:采用一种新技术可能会解决现有的问题,但也可能会带来未来的问题和担忧。因此,必须从各个角度来看待技术,如果发现一项技术有消极后果,就必须把社会资源用于改变或修复这项技术。对于勒德分子来说,以可持续的方式自愿和民主地采用技术的理念是他们哲学的核心原则。
-
-
wondertools.substack.com wondertools.substack.com
-
“In Evernote, Notion, and most note taking tools, your information lives in a hierarchy. Evernote’s is based on three levels: Stacks, Notebooks, and notes. Each note lives in one notebook, which lives in one stack… In Roam, notes live nowhere and everywhere… Each note has relationships to other notes, but no note lives *inside* another note or notebook. All of the information is fluid in the sense that you flow between notes based on their relationships, not because they’re all in the same folder or hierarchy.”
"在Evernote、Notion和大多数笔记工具中,你的信息存在于一个层次结构中。Evernote是基于三个层次:堆栈,笔记本,和笔记。每个笔记都存在一个笔记本里,每个笔记都存在一个堆栈里......在Roam中,笔记无处不在......每个笔记都与其他笔记有关系,但是没有笔记存在另一个笔记本里。所有的信息都是流动的,你可以根据笔记的关系在笔记之间流动,而不是因为它们都在同一个文件夹或层次结构中。"
-
-
www.mindstone.com www.mindstone.com
-
The half-truth is that people benefit from personalised learning which incorporates multiple modalities. The brain excels at integrating information from multiple sources, and forms deeper connections between ideas when those ideas have been communicated through more than one medium. It is therefore useful to learn from multiple sources and in different modalities (Shulruf, Hattie, & Dixon, 2008).
半真半假的说法是,人们从融合多种模式的个性化学习中受益。大脑擅长整合来自多个来源的信息,当这些信息通过不止一种媒介传达时,大脑就会形成更深层次的联系。因此,以不同的方式从多种来源学习是有益的。
-
Mindstone’s collaborative learning model encourages peer-to-peer feedback, with synchronous and asynchronous collaboration on comments as well as notes. Learners are able to ask and answer questions, and in so doing reflect upon their own learning. Shared libraries provide a forum in which peers can contribute resources and work together in the extraction of insights and understanding, writing notes together or in teams. The notification system ensures that learners are apprised of new comments on their discussions, and are able to immediately respond to questions they have been asked.
Mindstone的协作学习模式鼓励同伴间的反馈,同步和异步协作的评论和注释。学习者能够提出和回答问题,并在此过程中反思自己的学习。共享库提供了一个论坛,在这个论坛中,同伴可以贡献资源,并共同提取见解和理解,一起或小组写笔记。通知系统确保学习者能够了解对其讨论的新评论,并能够立即回复他们提出的问题。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.indiegogo.com www.indiegogo.com
-
Bittle is an open platform to fuse multiple makers' gadgets into one organic system. With our customized Arduino board coordinating all instinctive and sophisticated movements, you can clip on various sensors to bring in perception. You could also inject artificial intelligence capabilities by mounting a Raspberry Pi or other AI chips through wired/wireless connections.
Bittle是一个开放的平台,可以将多个制造商的产品融合成一个有机系统。通过我们定制的Arduino板子协调所有本能和复杂的动作,你可以夹在各种传感器带来的感知。你也可以通过有线/无线连接安装 Raspberry Pi 或其他人工智能芯片来注入人工智能能力。
-
-
om.co om.co
-
“Visionary founders” such as Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk of Tesla, and Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway would be harder to replace than CEOs of large, well-established public companies, the directors indicated. They said that just two people could replace Bezos, and three could replace Buffett or Musk.
董事们表示,亚马逊(Amazon)的 Jeff Bezos、特斯拉(Tesla)的 Elon Musk 和伯克希尔·哈撒韦的 Warren Buffett 等“有远见的创始人”,比起大型成熟上市公司的CEO更难被取代。他们表示,只有两个人可以取代贝佐斯,三个人可以取代巴菲特或马斯克。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.protocol.com www.protocol.com
-
Facebook wanting to make clothes like real in games, Microsoft trying to make sports more inclusive and Google wanting to make it easier to spy on your parents.
Facebook想让服装在游戏中看起来像真的一样,微软想让体育更具包容性,而谷歌则想让你更容易监视父母。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
lianafinck.com lianafinck.com
-
Liana Finck 是《纽约客》的一位漫画作者,自2015年来创作了很多作品。后来她开始在自己的 ins 上发帖,里面满是她对生活的私密的个人观察。
她的漫画,有些简单粗糙,甚至只是几个线条和单词,看起来有点儿丧丧的。但这种标志性风格吸引了很多粉丝,人们喜欢她表现世界的古怪方式和她深刻敏锐的洞察力。
-
-
juusowesterlund.com juusowesterlund.com
-
Juuso Westerlund是一名芬兰的摄影师,一家人现在住在首都赫尔辛基一座叫Laajasalo的小岛上。成为摄影师纯属偶然。他在芬兰的报纸上看到摄影师Sebastião Salgado的作品,心想,这样的照片我也能拍,于是他买了一台相机,用三卷胶卷拍了一组摄影集,就去申请了学校。
拍照的时候,Juuso大多是凭直觉行动。他不会为拍摄做太多的准备,也总是在尝试新的拍摄方式。“这样的摄影方式有时候很成功,有时候也会很失败。”
有了孩子之后,Juuso和许多父亲一样,自然而然地拿起了相机记录孩子们的成长,但作为一个专业的摄影师,他并没有特意为每张照片排序,“我就喜欢这样,平常而无聊。”
Juuso 9岁的时候,父亲因为酗酒去世了。当母亲告诉他这个消息的时候,Juuso记得自己哭了,但那好像也是唯一一次因为父亲动了感情。除此之外,他几乎没有多少关于父亲的印象。
-
-
juusowesterlund.com juusowesterlund.com
-
The photographs are poems, which I didn’t know how to write. Poems of boyhood, longing, innocence, vulnerability, mortality.
“这些照片是我无法用文字吟唱的诗,是男孩的童年、渴望、纯真、脆弱和有限的时光。”
-
-
-
-
"We thought it was this big joke that would die off," laughs Palmer.
“我们认为这是注定消亡的一个大玩笑。”
-
-
arxiv.org arxiv.org
-
卡耐基梅隆大学的 Ryan Steed 和乔治华盛顿大学的 Aylin Caliskan 两位研究者发表的篇论文《无监督的方式训练的图像表示法包含类似人类的偏见》
研究者对 OpenAI 在 GPT-2 基础上开发的 iGPT,和 Google的 SimCLR,这两个在去年发表的图像生成模型进行了系统性的测试,发现它们在种族、肤色和性别等指标上几乎原样复制了人类测试对象的偏见和刻板印象。
在其中一项测试中,研究者用机器生成的男女头像照片作为底板,用 iGPT 来补完(生成)上半身图像。
最为夸张的事情发生了:在所有的女性生成结果当中,超过一半的生成图像穿着的是比基尼或低胸上衣;
而在男性结果图像中,大约42.5%的图像穿的是和职业有关的上衣,如衬衫、西装、和服、医生大衣等;光膀子或穿背心的结果只有7.5%。
这样的结果,技术上的直接原因可能是 iGPT 所采用的自回归模型的机制。研究者还进一步发现,用 iGPT 和 SimCLR 对照片和职业相关名词建立关联时,男人更多和“商务”、“办公室”等名词关联,而女人更多和“孩子”、“家庭”等关联;白人更多和工具关联,而黑人更多和武器关联。
这篇论文还在 iGPT 和 SimCLR 上比较不同种族肤色外观的人像照片的“亲和度”(pleasantness),发现阿拉伯穆斯林人士的照片普遍缺乏亲和力。
虽然 iGPT 和 SimCLR 这两个模型的具体工作机制有差别,但通过这篇论文的标题,研究者指出了这些偏见现象背后的一个共同的原因:无监督学习。
-
-
www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
-
Sarah Jaffe’s book Work Won’t Love You Back is an extremely timely analysis of how we arrived at these brutal inequalities and of some of the ways in which a deliberately atomised workforce is beginning to organise to challenge them. Through a series of detailed case studies of modern “labourers of love” – the unpaid intern, the overburdened teacher, the 24/7 domestic help, the NGO employee, the fixed-term academic, the discarded Toys R Us worker, the working single mother – Jaffe, a New York-based journalist, examines two of the most damaging philosophies of our times. The first is the idea that we need to get used to a “disrupted” world in which job security and regular hours and living wages are necessarily a thing of the past, quaint, pre-internet relics such as affordable housing and three TV channels; the second, perversely, that work is supposed, more than ever, to bring us pleasure, meaning, fulfilment, that we should be grateful for it and happy in it and if we are not, we are simply not trying hard enough or being “smart” enough. (Or, as she writes: “How dare we ask questions about the way our work is making other people rich while we struggle to pay our rent and see our friends.”)
纽约记者莎拉·贾菲的著作《工作不会像你爱它那样爱你》(Work Won't Love You Back)非常及时地分析了这些残酷的不平等是如何造成的,以及将分散的劳动力组织起来挑战现状的一些方式。通过对现代“用爱发电的劳动者”——无偿实习生、负担过重的教师、全天候家政服务提供者、非政府组织雇员、合同制学术研究人员、被遗弃的玩具反斗城员工、工作的单身母亲等的一系列详细案例研究,贾菲审视了我们这个时代最具破坏性的两种哲学。第一种观点是,我们需要习惯于一个“被破坏”的世界,在这个世界里,工作保障、正常工作时间、维生工资和经济适用房、模拟电视等互联网时代之前的古董一样,铁定已经成为过去;第二种观点是,工作比以往任何时候都更应该给我们带来快乐、意义和成就感,我们应该对工作心存感激,并在其中感到幸福;如果做不到,我们就是不够努力或不够“聪明”。或者,正如她所写的那样:“在我们努力支付房租和朋友聚会开销的同时,我们竟敢质疑我们的工作是如何让别人致富的?”
-
All work and low pay: are we too devoted to our jobs?
-
-
movie.douban.com movie.douban.com
-
故事发生在一家伦敦的旧书店Black Books里,主角个性十分鲜明——极其随心所欲、脾气火爆的怪咖店主Bernard与意外到来的、误食了《平静小书》的店员Manny,两个活宝小人物每天上演各种疯疯癫癫嬉笑怒骂的抓马戏码。下班后睡觉前来一两集,绝对是抚平一天工作焦虑的良药,想着Manny就可以笑着入睡。
-
-
www.bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com
-
Pending future publication of my more extensive account of this in the journal Urban History, one early example must suffice here. Beginning in 1914, New York City designated some streets as “play streets,” where children could roam freely. These were cordoned off to motor traffic, but trucks were permitted in to make local deliveries. On Valentine’s Day in 1949, a truck driver drove his coal truck into a play street in East Harlem to make an early afternoon delivery. He had beaten a charge of vehicular homicide 14 years earlier. According to accounts by the New York Daily News and the Chicago Tribune, two 10-year-old girls, Carmelita Rodriguez and Maria Rodriguez (unrelated), on their lunch hour from Public School 121, strode out of a store with the candy they just purchased, confident in the safety of the play street. The truck driver struck them with his vehicle, killing both girls. Maria’s nine-year-old sister witnessed the girls’ deaths. {"contentId":"Q9RXWHT1UM0W01","position":"in-article2","dimensions":{"mobile":[[5,19],[300,250],[3,3],[1,1],"fluid"]},"type":"In Article Flex Native Ad","positionIncrement":1,"targeting":{"position":"in-article2","positionIncrement":1,"url":"/news/articles/2019-10-08/the-hidden-history-of-american-anti-car-protests"},"containerId":"in-article-2-Q9RXWHT1UM0W01"} The next day, local residents formed a “parent and baby-carriage blockade,” stopping and turning back all delivery vehicles. According to a New York Daily News reporter, 100 women participated; photos of the protest show an ethnically diverse population. Mary di Stefano, president of the Parents’ Association of P.S. 121, made their position clear: “They’ll have to kill us to get through here, ” she told the Daily News. The next day, parents set up a second picket one block north.The demonstrators extracted a concession: The city would close the play street to delivery vehicles on weekdays during the hours when children were walking to and from school, including the lunch hour.
在我在《城市历史》杂志对此进行更详尽的论述之前,必须说明一个更早的案例。从1914年开始,纽约就将一些街道定位“游乐街道(play streets)”,儿童可以在此随意玩耍。这些街道禁止机动车通行,但允许卡车进行货物运送。1949年情人节的下午,一个卡车司机将运煤车开到东哈莱姆的游乐街道进行货物运输,这名司机在14年前曾被指控驾车谋杀。根据《纽约每日新闻》和《芝加哥论坛报》的报道,两名10岁的女孩Carmelita Rodriguez和Maria Rodriguez,在学校的午餐时间,带着他们买好的糖果刚刚走出商店,正在“游乐寄到”上玩闹的时候,卡车司机撞向了他们,Maria9岁的妹妹亲眼目睹了两位女孩的死亡。
第二天,当地的居民组织了“父母和婴儿车封锁线”,拦停了所有的送货车辆。根据《纽约日报》的报道,共有100名女性参加了这一活动;抗议活动的照片里包含着各个种族的人。Mary di Stefano,P.S. 121家长协会的主席向《纽约日报》明确表态 “他们必须杀了我们才能通过这里。”
第三天,家长们又封堵了北部的一个街区。示威者们也做出了一个让步:城市在工作日时,在儿童上下学和午休的时间内,货运车辆不得进入游乐街道。
-
The Hidden History of American Anti-Car Protests
-
-
zh.wikipedia.org zh.wikipedia.org
-
-
-
For an opportunity at breakthrough invention (and massive wealth creation), it is important to understand what went right at Xerox PARC. PARC assembled the best people in the field and gave them license to build “the office of the future” (including the license to define what that meant). PARC managers, especially Robert Taylor, had the wisdom to separate responsibility from control and never presumed to “direct” the invention. Instead, Taylor focused on creating an environment safe from meddling and a culture that promoted cooperation when appropriate. The proof of this approach is all around us—and embodied in the device with which you’re reading this article.
为了获得突破性发明(以及大量财富创造)的机会,了解Xerox PARC的正确做法很重要。PARC聚集了该领域最优秀的人才,并授权他们建立 "未来的办公室"(包括授权他们定义什么是未来的办公室)。PARC的经理们,尤其是罗伯特·泰勒,聪明地将责任与控制分开,从不假定自己“指挥”发明。相反,泰勒专注于创造一个不受干涉的环境,以及在适当的时候促进合作的文化。这种方法的证明就在我们身边,并且体现在您正在阅读这篇文章的设备上。
-
-
www.fastcompany.com www.fastcompany.com
-
We had a contest [at CDG] to come up with the most innocuous name that didn’t sound ridiculous. “Communications Design Group” is pretty vague, because what we’re likely to [invent] will be something other than what we’d put on a list. [But] the communication and design aspects do mean something. People communicate with each other, with themselves, in groups, with computers, and computers communicate with each other. If you take all the things in the world that can communicate and think of a future in which all those communications are qualitatively richer, then you have a vision.We live in a world full of hype. When I look at most of the Silicon Valley companies [claiming to do invention research], they’re really selling pop culture. Pop culture is very incremental and is about creating things other than high impact. Being able to do things that change what business means is going to have a huge impact–more than something that changes what social interaction means in pop culture.
我们[在CDG]举办了一场比赛,选出一个听起来不荒唐、最无害的名字。"通信设计小组"是相当模糊的,因为我们可能(发明)的东西将不是我们列在清单上的东西。(但是)通信和设计方面确实是有意义的。人们彼此交流,与自己交流,与群体交流,与计算机交流,而计算机也彼此交流。如果你把世界上所有可以交流的东西都放在一起,想象未来所有这些交流在质量上都更加丰富,那么你就有了一个愿景。
我们生活在一个充满炒作的世界里。当我看到大多数硅谷公司(声称从事发明研究)时,他们实际上是在推销流行文化。流行文化是渐进式的,它创造的不是高影响力的东西。能够做一些改变商业意义的事情将会产生巨大的影响,而不仅仅是改变社会互动在流行文化中的意义。
-
-
theconversation.com theconversation.com
-
Our process starts with using one’s own intuition to define a step-by-step plan thought to potentially solve a complex problem. The algorithm then looks at each individual step and gives feedback about which steps are possible, which are impossible and ways the plan could be improved. The human then refines the initial plan using the advice from the AI, and the process repeats until the problem is solved. The hope is that the person and the AI will eventually converge to a kind of mutual understanding.
我们的过程首先是利用自己的直觉来定义一个一步步的计划,这个计划可以潜在地解决一个复杂的问题。然后,算法会查看每一个单独的步骤,并给出反馈,哪些步骤是可能的,哪些是不可能的,以及计划可以改进的方式。然后,利用人工智能的建议完善初始计划,这个过程重复进行,直到问题得到解决。希望人和AI最终能达成一种相互理解。
-
-
www.fastcompany.com www.fastcompany.com
-
“Communities and dedicated spaces for people to talk about what’s happening will be at the forefront,” he told Co.Design in late 2020. “These community spaces will be safe and have a multitude of controls. Successful social media services will be those where people feel safe, comfortable, heard, and connected within their communities.”
"社区和专门供人们谈论正在发生的事情的空间将是最重要的,这些社区空间将是安全的,并且有众多的控制措施。成功的社交媒体服务将是那些人们在社区内感到安全、舒适、被倾听和连接的地方。"
-
-
onezero.medium.com onezero.medium.com
-
Nextdoor’s feed-ranking algorithm feels less aggressively optimized than those of larger networks. There’s no such thing as “followers,” so there’s little incentive for users to post clickbait or engagement bait. The network’s intimate scope, with each user identified by their real first name, last initial, and neighborhood of residence, can make using Nextdoor feel less like a game of influence and more like, well, actually talking to your neighbors. It’s hard to go viral when your audience is limited to your immediate area.
Nextdoor的feed-ranking算法不如那些大型网络的优化那么积极。没有所谓的“followers”, 所以用户很少有动机发布点击诱饵或参与诱饵。这个网络的亲密范围——每个用户通过他们的真实姓名、姓氏首字母和居住区域来确定——使得使用 Nextdoor 不再像是一个影响力的游戏,而更像是实际上与你的邻居交谈。如果你的听众只局限于你所在的区域,那么很难进行病毒式传播。
-
Nextdoor has gradually evolved into something bigger and more consequential than just a digital bulletin board: In many communities, the platform has begun to step into roles once filled by America’s local newspapers. “Anecdotally, Nextdoor has gone from being kind of sub-Facebook to actually being the main platform you hear people discussing as a vector for local news and events and discussions,” says Emily Bell, director of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University.
Nextdoor逐渐演变成一个更大、更重要的东西,而不仅仅是一个数字公告牌。在许多社区,这个平台已经开始进入曾经由美国当地报纸充当的角色。"从轶事上看,Nextdoor有趣的是,Nextdoor 已经从一个类似于 Facebook 的子平台,变成了人们讨论的主要平台,成为当地新闻、事件和讨论的载体。"哥伦比亚大学Tow数字新闻中心主任Emily Bell说。
-
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
We can explore the ways in which our attention is generated, manipulated, valued and degraded. Sometimes attention might simply be a lens through which to read the events of the moment. But it can also force us toward a better understanding of how our minds work or how we value our time and the time of others. Perhaps, just by acknowledging its presence, we can begin to direct it toward people, ideas and causes that are worthy of our precious resource.
我们可以探索我们的注意力是如何产生、被操纵、被重视和被贬低的。有时,注意力可能只是一个透镜,通过它来解读当下发生的事情。但它也可以迫使我们更好地理解我们的思想是如何运作的,或者我们是如何珍惜自己和他人时间的。也许,只要承认它的存在,我们就可以开始把它引向值得我们宝贵资源的人、思想和事业。
-
Attention is a bit like the air we breathe. It’s vital but largely invisible, and thus we don’t think about it very much unless, of course, it becomes scarce. If that’s the case — to extend a tortured metaphor — it feels as if our attention has become polluted. We subsist on it, but the quality has been diminished. This is certainly true in my life, where I’ve become so reliant on the constant stimuli of our connected world that I find myself frequently out of control of my attention. I give it to others too willingly — often to those who will abuse the privilege. I’ve also become dependent on the attention of others, even those who bestow it in bad faith. I’ve become a version of the very person Mr. Goldhaber described in 1997, for whom “not being able to share your encounters with anyone would soon become torture.”
注意力有点像我们呼吸的空气。它是至关重要的,但在很大程度上是不可见的,因此我们不会过多地考虑它,当然,除非它变得稀缺。如果是这样的话——借用一个折磨人的比喻——我们的注意力似乎被污染了。我们靠它生存,但质量已经下降了。这在我的生活中确实如此,我已经变得如此依赖于我们互联世界的不断刺激,以至于我发现自己经常无法控制我的注意力。我太乐意把注意力给别人了——通常是给那些会滥用这种特权的人。我也变得依赖他人的注意力,甚至是那些恶意给予它的人。我已经变成了Goldhaber先生在1997年所描述的那种人,对他来说,"不能与任何人分享你的遭遇很快就会变成一种折磨"。
-
we tend to ignore his favorite maxim, from the writer Howard Rheingold: “Attention is a limited resource, so pay attention to where you pay attention.”
我们往往忽略作家霍华德·莱茵戈德(Howard Rheingold)的话:“注意力是一种有限的资源,所以要把注意力集中到你要集中注意力的地方。”(“Attention is a limited resource, so pay attention to where you pay attention.”)
-
-
www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk
-
1971 年 2 月 5 日,担任阿波罗 14 号指令长的宇航员艾伦·谢泼德和另一名宇航员驾驶“心大星”号登月舱降落月球。在月球表面停留期间他打了两颗高尔夫球,是人类历史上至今唯一一次月球高尔夫。第一个高尔夫球落在一个陨石坑,而第二个则被打到了很远很远的地方。成像专家 Andy Saunders 与美国高尔夫协会合作,分析了谢泼德打高尔夫的原始录像,他不仅找到了第二个高尔夫球,而且计算出它的飞行距离。
-
-
arstechnica.com arstechnica.com
-
苹果准备最早明年发布它的高端 VR 设备,这款计划中的产品售价将会高达 3000 美元。代号为 N301 的 VR 设备使用了两个 8K 显示屏,采用 M1 芯片的继任者,能展示丰富的 3D 图形。苹果将会使用眼球跟踪技术以较低的保真度渲染非用户注视的目标。苹果正在测试的一个版本使用了 10 多个摄像头,从跟踪手运动到提供周围空间的即时动态,可用于混合和增强现实体验,不限于浸入式的 VR。
-
-
www.cinematheque.fr www.cinematheque.fr
-
法国人Auguste François1901-1904年间在云南(昆明)拍摄的黑白默片影像 (Images de Chine,1901-1904 / 52:06)
镜头前总有好奇的人群,也有不卑不亢的路人。 有审案,有耍刀弄棒舞龙。有庙会、街边理发、修面(带按摩)、采耳。 原来杀猪要焚香。 有单人、双人抽鸦片。 原来那时路上很多男人撑着黑伞遮阳。 公共空间里多为各年龄段男子、小孩、不乏裹小脚的中老年妇女。两个年轻女孩见了镜头落荒而逃。 不时有狗子从镜头前飞驰而过。
-
-
thenewstack.io thenewstack.io
-
“The idea of using physical objects as the computational medium is the focus of the group. What you see here is just the surface of where we want to go with it. We don’t want you to write code to make these things. You should be able to draw a diagram and have this interpreted as a diagram,” he said.
"使用物理对象作为计算媒介的想法是这个小组的重点。你在这里看到的只是我们想要的表面。我们不希望你写代码来做这些事情。你应该能够画出一个图表,并将其解释为一个图表,"他说。
-
each individual piece of paper on the walls and tables, here, is essentially its own snippet of the Lua programming language. Some pieces of paper have their working code printed on them. Dynamicland can actually perform OCR on that code and run it in real-time, but generally, it uses that code symbolically in the real world and has its own digital portion stashed on the server-side. However, when an object is changed, the system can highlight the changed lines on the paper printouts, and it has the ability to tag code sheets that are out of sync with their updated digital counterparts.
在这里,墙上和桌子上的每一张纸本质上都是Lua编程语言的一个片段。有些纸上印着工作代码。Dynamicland 实际上可以对该代码执行 OCR 并实时运行它,但是通常,它在现实世界中象征性地使用这些代码,并在服务器端存储了自己的数字部分。然而,当一个对象发生变化时,该系统可以在打印出来的纸张上突出显示改变的线条,并能够标记与更新后的数字文件不同步的代码表。
-
-
www.sidewalklabs.com www.sidewalklabs.com
-
Sidewalk Labs 是谷歌控股公司 Alphabet 旗下的城市创新部门,它在多伦多启动了一个开发项目。
-
-
www.wired.com www.wired.com
-
When Bezos describes his primary goals for the Amazon.com interface, he becomes a whistle-stop campaigner for a new politics of consumerism. "We want to turn visitors into customers, and we want to make the experience as welcoming as possible," he says. He insists that the lures and aids Amazon.com provides for its online shoppers - the one-click ordering system that stores credit card and shipping information; the variety of helpful suggestions and information that seem configured to exploit a customer's most impulsive tendencies - are far removed from the world's entrenched consumerist come-ons.
当贝佐斯描述了他对亚马逊界面的主要目标时,他成了一个新的消费主义政治的哨兵。"我们要把访问者变成顾客,我们想让体验尽可能的受欢迎,"他说。他坚持认为,Amazon.com为其在线购物者提供的诱惑和帮助——存储信用卡和运输信息的一键下单系统;各种有用的建议和信息,似乎被配置成利用顾客最冲动的倾向——与世界上根深蒂固的消费主义者的诱惑相去甚远。
-
The vast bulk of store-bought goods - food staples, paper products, cleaning supplies, and the like - you will order electronically. Some physical storefronts will survive, but they'll have to offer at least one of two things: entertainment value or immediate convenience.
2020年,顾客以电子化的方式订购大量商品,包括食品主食、纸制品和清洁用品等。而实体店面为维持生存,必须提供娱乐价值或即时便利至少一种选项。
-
-
www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
-
It’s tempting to argue that Amazon’s true innovation has been the ruthless exploitation of human labour in service of speed and efficiency, but that’s really only part of the picture: the aim is removing humans – with their need for toilet breaks, their stubborn insistence on sleeping, their tendency to unionise – as much as possible from the equation; the grim specifics of the labour conditions are only ever a byproduct of that aim. This has been an aim of capitalism since at least as far back as Henry Ford, and in an obvious sense it’s precisely the dynamic you experience every time you wind up with unexpected items in the bagging area at Tesco. As usual with Amazon, it’s not that something new is happening – it’s that an old thing is happening with unprecedented force, speed and efficiency.
人们很容易认为,亚马逊真正的创新是为了提高速度和效率而无情地剥削人类劳动,但这其实只是其中的一部分:其目的是尽可能地将人类——他们需要上厕所,他们固执地坚持睡觉,他们倾向于加入工会——从这个等式中剔除;苛刻的劳动条件只是这个目标的副产品。至少从亨利·福特开始,这就是资本主义的一个目标,很明显,这正是你每次在乐购的装袋区买到意想不到的东西时所经历的动态。和往常一样,亚马逊并不是在发生什么新事情,而是一件老事情正在以前所未有的力量、速度和效率发生着。
-
If you believe that capitalism is an inherently just and meritocratic system, whereby the most worthy people – the hardest-working, the cleverest, the most innovative – amass the greatest wealth, then it stands to reason that you would have to make some kind of argument for a man who had amassed more than $180bn in personal wealth as a presiding genius of our time. And just as Hegel looked at Napoleon and saw the world-soul on horseback, Isaacson views Bezos in similarly heroic light: the world-soul dispatched by delivery drone. The effort to portray him as such is, though, inevitably beset by bathos. “An example of how Bezos innovates and operates,” he writes, “was the launch of Amazon Prime, which transformed the way Americans think about how quickly and cheaply they can be gratified by ordering online.” There is no question that the introduction of Amazon Prime marked a major moment in the history of buying stuff off the internet, but to present it as the work of an ingenious inventor seems a stretch. For all the vastness of Bezos’s wealth and power, the banality of its foundation is undeniable. (There is, here, an unintended comedy to Isaacson’s hagiography, taking on as it does an almost mock-heroic tone: Bezos fomenting a kind of revolution in consciousness, around how “quickly and cheaply” consumers can get the stuff they order off the internet.)
如果你相信资本主义是一种天生公正和择优制度,在这种制度下,最有价值的人——最勤奋、最聪明、最创新的人——积累了最多的财富,那么,你就不得不为一个拥有逾1800亿美元个人财富的人,作为我们这个时代的杰出天才,提出某种理由了。就像黑格尔看拿破仑,看到的是骑在马背上的世界灵魂一样,艾萨克森也同样以英雄的眼光看待贝佐斯:由无人机运送的世界灵魂。然而,把他描绘成这样的努力,不可避免地受到虚幻的包围。"贝佐斯如何创新和运营的一个例子,"他写道,"是Amazon Prime的推出,它改变了美国人的思维方式,让他们知道在网上订购是多么快捷、多么便宜。" 毫无疑问,Amazon Prime的推出标志着从互联网上购买东西的历史上的一个重要时刻,但把它说成是一个天才发明家的作品,似乎有些牵强。尽管贝佐斯拥有巨大的财富和权力,但其基础的平庸是不可否认的。(在艾萨克森的传记中,有一种意想不到的喜剧,几乎用了一种模仿英雄主义的口吻:贝佐斯正在酝酿一场意识革命,围绕着消费者如何能“快速而廉价”地从网上买到他们订购的东西。)
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
作者McCloud用漫画的形式来解释漫画理论,因为有了图像,它实际上是在展示说明(show and tell),而不是单纯用文字说(tell),图像的参与使得深刻的道理变得极其简洁明朗。这本漫画所讲的不仅仅是漫画,也是任何创造的产生过程和人们认识世界的方式。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
-
much of the energy directed toward the problems of pandemic social life has been spent on keeping people tied to their families and closest friends.
如今人们的大部分精力都花在了和家人朋友保持联系,以及与自己相处上。
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
If a book has been in print for forty years, I can expect it to be in print for another forty years. But, and that is the main difference, if it survives another decade, then it will be expected to be in print another fifty years. This, simply, as a rule, tells you why things that have been around for a long time are not "aging" like persons, but "aging" in reverse. Every year that passes without extinction doubles the additional life expectancy. This is an indicator of some robustness. The robustness of an item is proportional to its life!
如果一本书四十年来一直再版,我们可以期待再过四十年它也会再版。如果再过十年,它确实还在再版,我就会预期它还会再存在五十年。
已经存在很长时间的事物,不会像人一样“老化”,而是恰恰相反,会增加额外的预期寿命。一种事物的坚固性与其已经存在的时间成正比!
-
-
www.pixelatedplaygrounds.com www.pixelatedplaygrounds.com
-
我在游戏《星露谷》(Stardew Valley)上面花了很多时间,不禁希望可以在游戏里,雇用某人为牛和山羊挤奶,而不必每天早上花时间陪它们。
我喜欢这个游戏,是因为向往田园生活,渴望逃避大公司的人生。但是最终,我仍然想雇用别人为我工作,这个游戏让我在支持资本主义还是反对资本主义方面摇摆不定。
-
-
threadreaderapp.com threadreaderapp.com
-
Amzn nearly died in 2000-2003. But without this crisis, it's unlikely the company would have made the hard decision to shift to a completely new architecture. And without that shift, AWS may never have happened. Never let a good crisis go to waste!
亚马逊在2000-2003年几乎死亡。但是如果没有这场危机,公司不太可能会做出艰难的决定,转向一个全新的架构。如果没有这种转变,AWS 可能永远不会发生。所以,永远不要浪费危机带来的机会!
-
Around this same time, Jeff was also interested in decoupling internal dependencies so teams could build without being gated by other teams. The architectural changes required to enable this loosely coupled model became the API primitives for AWS.
与此同时,他还对解耦内部的依赖关系感兴趣,一个团队可以在不受其他团队约束的情况下进行工作。整个公司开始启用松散的低耦合模型,随之而来的架构更改成为后来 AWS 的基础。
-
As a retailer we had always faced huge seasonality, with traffic and revenue surging every Nov/Dec. Jeff started to think - we have all this excess server capacity for 46 weeks/year, why not rent it out to other companies?
作为商品零售商,我们的销售额有巨大的季节性,每年的11月和12月的流量和收入都会激增。CEO 贝佐斯开始思考:每年当中,我们有46周的服务器容量是多余的,为什么不将其出租给其他公司呢?
-
2000年互联网泡沫破灭时,我在亚马逊工作。
当时,资本市场已经枯竭了,无法融资,而我们每年的开销是10亿美元。最大的支出是数据中心那些昂贵的 Sun 服务器,那时 Sun 公司真是如日中天,它们的服务器是最可靠的,所有的互联网公司都在使用,但是非常昂贵。
公司高层最终决定,使用 Linux 服务器替换 Sun 服务器。Linux 那时还是一种相当新颖的方案,使用它有一定的冒险性。我们把公司的未来押宝在它上面。
-
-
-
The oldest reference on the topic I know of dates back to 1979 in a book by Zelkowitz, Shaw, and Gannon entitled Principles of software engineering and design. It said that most of the development time was spent on maintenance (67%).
1979年,美国出版了一本《软件工程与设计原理》(Principles of software engineering and design)。书里有一张图,给出了大型软件整个生命周期里面,程序员投入的时间比例。
-
-
www.ritsumei.ac.jp www.ritsumei.ac.jp
-
日本立命馆大学 Akiyoshi 教授的个人主页,收集了大量的视觉错觉图片。
-
-
github.com github.com
-
一个开源的知识库软件,可以自己本地架设,管理个人笔记。
-
-
www.loudreader.com www.loudreader.com
-
浏览器里面的电子书阅读器,只要把 azw3、epub、mobi、pdf 格式的电子书拖到网页上,就能打开阅读。如果临时需要一个阅读器,这个就很方便。
-
-
www.space.com www.space.com
-
马斯克说他非常有信心,SpaceX 公司会在2026年将人类带上火星,幸运的话,2024年就能实现。然后,就会开始建设火星殖民地。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
latimesblogs.latimes.com latimesblogs.latimes.com
-
美国著名作家福克纳的成名作、被誉为20世纪最伟大的美国小说《喧哗与骚动》,出版于1929年,整页整页都是长篇的心理独白,经常是各种视角和回忆跳跃穿插在一起,而且没有标点符号,以此展示主人公混乱的内心。读者想要读懂此书,很不容易。
福克纳曾经跟出版商讨论过,能不能用不同颜色的墨水,表示不同的叙述视角,囿于当时的技术条件,这个想法没能实现。
现在,真的有一家出版社使用14种颜色,重新出版了这本小说的精装版,每种颜色表示在讲述一个不同的时期。该书预定今年7月6日(福克纳逝世59周年)发货,限量发行1,480本,售价345美元,目前1000本已经被预购了。
-
-
www.bridgewater.com www.bridgewater.com
-
What I Think of Bitcoin
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
The Snowy Day
1962年,艾茲拉·杰克·季茨创作自己的独立完成的第一本图画书《下雪天》(The Snowy Day),讲述一个名为彼得的非裔小男孩在雪地探索游玩的故事。这是美国童书史上第一本以黑人小孩儿为主角的图画书。
季茨是犹太人。在美国反犹情绪盛行的年代,为了工作,不得不将本来的姓氏Katz改成Keats。《下雪天》的灵感来自季茨看到的1940年《生活》杂志上一个非洲裔美国男孩的照片,而“故事情节来自季茨对布鲁克林童年下雪天的回忆”。
-
-
-
How Artificial Intelligence "Works" in Literary Translation
-
Much like a brain deciphering pieces of information, the artificial neural network looks at the information it hasbeen given and generates the next word, based on its neighbouring words. Over time, it “learns” which words to focus on, and where to make the best contextual connections based on previous examples. This process is a form of “deep learning” and allows translation systems to continuously learn and improve as time goes on. In NMT, deciphering context is called “alignment” and happens in the attention mechanism, which is situated between the encoder and decoder in the machine’s system.
就像大脑解码信息一样,人工神经网络会查看所获信息,并根据相邻单词生成下一个单词。随着时间的流逝,人工神经网络会根据之前的示例“学习”按最佳的上下文关联理解单词。这是一个“深度学习”的过程,可使翻译系统随着时间的推移不断学习和改进。在神经机器翻译中,解码上下文被称为“对齐”,由机器翻译系统中编码器和解码器之间的注意力机制来完成。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
aaa.org.hk aaa.org.hk主頁1
-
-
hbr.org hbr.org
-
The Forgotten Dimension of Diversity
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.nitch.com www.nitch.comNITCH1
-
Buckminster Fuller // "Evolution consists of many great revolutionary events taking place quite independently of man’s consciously attempting to bring them about... I remind you quickly that none of you is consciously routing the fish and potato you ate for lunch into this and that specific gland to make hair, skin, or anything like that. None of you are aware of how you came to grow from 7 pounds to 70 pounds and then to 170 pounds... All of this is automated, and always has been. There is a great deal that is automated regarding our total salvation on Earth, and I would like to get in that frame of mind right now in order to be useful in the short time we have."
巴克明斯特·富勒 : "进化由许多伟大的革命性事件组成,这些事件的发生完全独立于人类有意识地试图实现它们...我要提醒你们,你们中没有人会有意识地把你们午餐吃的鱼和土豆放到这个和那个特定的腺体里,,以形成毛发、皮肤或类似的东西。你们都不知道自己是如何从7磅长到70磅,然后又长到170磅的... ... 所有这些都是自动完成的,而且一直如此。关于我们在地球上的全部拯救,有很多是自动化的,我现在就想进入这种心态,以便在我们所拥有的短暂时间内发挥作用。"
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
-
To be selected for the Top 100 is to be anointed by Jobs, an honor not necessarily based on rank. Jobs referred to the group, but not the conclave, in an interview several years ago with Fortune. “My job is to work with sort of the Top 100 people,” he said. “That doesn’t mean they’re all vice presidents. Some of them are just key individual contributors. So when a good idea comes … part of my job is to move it around [and] … get ideas moving among that group of 100 people.” Privately Jobs has spoken even more strongly about the Top 100’s importance. “If he had to recreate the company, these are the 100 people he’d bring along” is how one former Apple executive describes Jobs’ characterization.
进入前100名是由乔布斯指定的,这一荣誉不一定基于排名。几年前接受《财富》杂志(Fortune)采访时,乔布斯提到了这个组织,但没有提到秘密会议。"我的工作是和最顶尖的100个人一起工作,"他说。"这并不意味着他们都是副总裁。其中一些只是关键的个人贡献者。因此,当一个好的想法出现时......我的工作之一就是把它传播出去......让创意在100人的团队中传播。" 私下里,乔布斯更强烈地表达了 "100人"的重要性。一位苹果前高管这样描述乔布斯:"如果他要重新创建公司,他会带的就是这100人"。
-
At Apple there is never any confusion as to who is responsible for what. Internal Applespeak even has a name for it, the “DRI,” or directly responsible individual. Often the DRI’s name will appear on an agenda for a meeting, so everybody knows who is responsible. “Any effective meeting at Apple will have an action list,” says a former employee. “Next to each action item will be the DRI.” A common phrase heard around Apple when someone is trying to learn the right contact on a project: “Who’s the DRI on that?”
在 Apple,对于谁应该负什么责任从来没有任何混淆。Apple内部的称此为「DRI」,或直接责任人。DRI 的名字通常都会出现在会议的议程中,所以每个人都知道由谁负责。「在 Apple 举行的任何有效会议都将有一份行动清单」,一位前员工说。「每个行动项旁边都有 DRI。」当有人试图在项目中寻找正确的联系人时,在 Apple 最常听到的一句话就是「谁是它的 DRI?」
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
togelius.blogspot.com togelius.blogspot.com
-
Keep in mind: There is no such thing as "an artificial intelligence". AI is a collection of methods and ideas for building software that can do some of the things that humans can do with their brains. Researchers and developers develop new AI methods (and use existing AI methods) to build software (and sometimes also hardware) that can do something impressive, such as playing a game or drawing pictures of cats. However, you can safely assume that the same system cannot both play games and draw pictures of cats. In fact, no AI-based system that I've ever heard of can do more than a few different tasks. Even when the same researchers develop systems for different tasks based on the same idea, they will build different software systems. When journalists write that "Company X's AI could already drive a car, but it can now also write a poem", they obscure the fact that these are different systems and make it seem like there are machines with general intelligence out there. There are not.
谨记:没有所谓「一个人工智能」这样的东西。AI 是一套方法和思想的集合,可以构建软件实现一些人类大脑的功能。研发人员开发新的 AI 方法(并使用已有的 AI 方法)构建出令人印象深刻的软件(有时也包括硬件),诸如玩游戏或画猫。然而,你可以放心地假设同样的系统不能同时玩游戏和画猫。事实上,我还没有听说过基于 AI 的系统能做一系列不同的任务。即使是同样的研究人员,在基于同样的思想为不同的任务开发系统时,他们会构建不同的软件系统。当记者写下「X 公司的 AI 已经可以开车,但现在还可以写诗」时,他们掩盖了这些是不同系统的事实,似乎有些机器已经拥有了通用的智能。事实上并没有。
-
Some advice for journalists writing about artificial intelligence
-
-
www1.ece.neu.edu www1.ece.neu.edu
-
Shannon 首先谈到的是创新者应具有的若干特质:
- 首先,最明显的是训练和经验。不管你处于任何领域,你都应该具有该领域基本的理论素养。
- 其次,有一定量的智力和才能。你至少应达到普通人的智商,才能比较好地完成工程或研究。
以上两者,Shannon 认为,并不是充分条件。
- 他提出的第三个特质是动机。就算你拥有了所有的才能,你还是需要好奇心才能提出好问题。
- 接着,是不满足。不是那种对世界的悲观性不满,而是一种建设性不满,一切可以做的更好。
- 最后,是找到答案时的快乐,一种简单纯粹的快乐。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
gizmodo.com gizmodo.com
-
Google 员工 James Damore 在公司内网发布了一份长达 10 页的宣言,题为《谷歌的意识形态回音室》(Google’s Ideological Echo Chamber),在 Google 内部引起轩然大波。
Damore 的核心观点是:女性程序员偏少,不是因为她们受到了偏见和歧视,而是基于生理因素的先天差异。他进而批评 Google 的性别多元化(Diversity)政策,为女性或少数族裔提供的教育培训过多了。并认为公司没有直面这一问题,一些想法太神圣以至于不能开诚布公地讨论,从而造成了一种意识形态的回音室。
随后,Damore 被 Google 开除,而他本人已向美国劳工关系委员会投诉,选择与 Google 对簿公堂。
Google on Anti-Diversity Manifesto: Employees Must 'Feel Safe Sharing Their Opinions'
-
-
www.gartner.com www.gartner.com
-
三大主题没有变化
Intelligent:AI 如何渗透到几乎每一项技术中,明确聚焦有望带来更动态、灵活和潜在的自主系统;关键词:AI
Digital:融合虚拟世界和现实世界,打造一个沉浸式的数字增强和连接的环境;关键词:虚实
Mesh:扩展的人员、业务、设备、内容和服务之间的联系,交付数字结果;关键词:连接
-
-
-
- 一、技术方面
- 技术上是逐级演进,还是直达 Level 5(全自动驾驶)?
- 是否使用 LIDAR?
- 使用预计算的「高清地图」,还是实时计算?
- 使用怎样的软件组合?
- 真实场景 vs 虚拟现实,完成训练所占的比例?
- V2X(车联网)将扮演多大作用?
- 交通信号灯何时消失?
- 制造商是否需要对车进行「本地化」?
- 二、商业方面
- 保险行业会如何改变?
- 谁是赢家?硅谷 vs 中国 vs 传统汽车厂商?
- 我们会买车,还是会买出行服务 TaaS?
- 三、社会方面
- 交通事故率会呈现何种演变趋势?
- 人的驾驶什么时候会变成「违法」?
- 人们通勤时间会如何改变?
- 城市会如何改变?
- 自动驾驶离我们有多远?何时开始,需要多久才能全面转换?
- 一、技术方面
-
Everything that moves, says a16z partner Frank Chen, will go autonomous. But what does that really mean? In this presentation from our a16z Summit, Chen goes over the 16 most commonly asked questions about autonomous cars, and what their answers might be: Will we progress level by level, or go straight to Level 5, i.e. full automation? Will they use LIDAR or not? What blend of software techniques will be used? What rules of the road (traffic lights!) will become a thing of the past, and how will insurance be affected? You can’t understand autonomous vehicles without understanding these 16 basic and essential questions — and the issues at stake tied to them — in this concise overview that covers everything you’re wondering about autonomous vehicles in a nutshell.
a16z合伙人Frank Chen表示,所有会动的东西都将走向自主。但这究竟意味着什么?在这次a16z峰会的演讲中,Chen介绍了关于自动汽车的16个最常见的问题,以及它们的答案。 我们会逐级进步,还是直接进入第五级,即完全自动化?到底会不会用激光雷达?会使用什么混合软件技术?哪些道路规则(红绿灯!)将成为过去,保险将受到怎样的影响?如果不了解这16个基本的、必不可少的问题——以及与这些问题相关的利害关系问题——你就无法理解自动汽车,在这个简明扼要的概述中,它涵盖了你对自动汽车的一切疑惑。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
-
总结下来有以下三点:
1.在 Jobs 看到 Alto(第一台基于 GUI 的计算机)和 Smalltalk(面相对象编程语言)之前,其实已经有几百万人看过它们了。一方面,是因为 PARC 相对开放;另一方面,则是因为相关文章已经被发表在了科学美国人(Scientific American)等杂志上。那么,我们是该赞叹 Jobs,还是该让其他人面壁呢?
2.Jobs 太过被 GUI 吸引,以至于忽略了同时展示给他的另外两个重要产品,有多重要?它们分别是以太网(Ethernet)和面向对象编程(object-oriented programming),所以你懂的……
3.就算被惊艳到且不吝赞美,Jobs 还是会说「还不够完美」(but it was flawed and incomplete),这也是他在不是屋子里最聪明的人却又想表现得顶尖(top gun)时的常用办法。
-
-
www.fastcompany.com www.fastcompany.com
-
“Look Steve. You know, you’ve made something that is perfect for 2-year-olds and perfect for 92-year-olds. But everybody in-between learns to use tools.”
「看 Steve。你知道,你所做的对于 2 岁和 92 岁的人来说都是完美的。但中间的每个人需要学习使用工具」。
-
-
www.metamute.org www.metamute.org
-
We need to debate what kind of hypermedia suit our vision of society - how we create the interactive products and on-line services we want to use, the kind of computers we like and the software we find most useful. We need to find ways to think socially and politically about the machines we develop. While learning from the can-do attitude of the Californian individualists, we also must recognise that the potentiality of hypermedia can never solely be realised through market forces. We need an economy which can unleash the creative powers of hi-tech artisans. Only then can we fully grasp the Promethean opportunities of hypermedia as humanity moves into the next stage of modernity.
我们需要讨论什么样的超媒体适合我们的社会愿景——我们如何创建我们想要使用的互动产品和在线服务,我们喜欢的那种电脑和我们认为最有用的软件。我们需要找到从社会和政治上思考我们所开发的机器的方法。当我们从加州个人主义者的积极态度中学习时,我们也必须认识到,超媒体的潜力永远无法仅通过市场之力来实现。我们需要一种能释放高科技工匠创造力的经济。只有这样,当人类进入现代性的下一个阶段时,我们才能充分把握超媒体的独创生机。
-
Almost every major technological advance of the last two hundred years has taken place with the aid of large amounts of public money and under a good deal of government influence. The technologies of the computer and the Net were invented with the aid of massive state subsidies. For example, the first Difference Engine project received a British Government grant of £517,470 - a small fortune in 1834. From Colossus to EDVAC, from flight simulators to virtual reality, the development of- computing has depended at key moments on public research handouts or fat contracts with public agencies. The IBM corporation built the first programmable digital computer only after it was requested to do so by the US Defense Department during the Korean War. The result of a lack of state intervention meant that Nazi Germany lost the opportunity to build the first electronic computer in the late '30s when the Wehrmacht refused to fund Konrad Zuze, who had pioneered the use of binary code, stored programs and electronic logic gates.
近两百年来,几乎所有重大的技术进步都是借助于大量公共资金的资助,并在很大程度上受到政府影响。计算机和网络技术是在国家的大量补贴下发明的。例如,第一个差分机项目获得了英国政府 £517,470 的拨款——在1834年这已经是一笔巨款。从 Colossus 到 EDVAC,从飞行模拟器到虚拟现实,计算的发展都依赖于关键时刻的公共研究捐款或政府机构的巨额合同。IBM 在朝鲜战争期间应美国国防部的要求,才建造了第一台可编程的数字计算机。缺乏国家干预导致了纳粹德国在 30 年代后期失去了建造第一台电子计算机的机会,当时德国国防军拒绝资助开创了二进制编码、存储程序和电子逻辑门的使用的 Konrad Zuze。
-
Back in the 60s, Marshall McLuhan preached that the power of big business and big government would be overthrown by the intrinsically empowering effects of new technology on individuals. The convergence of media, computing and telecommunications would inevitably result in an electronic direct democracy - the electronic agora - in which everyone would be able to express their opinions without fear of censorship. Encouraged by McLuhan's predictions, West Coast radicals pioneered the use of new information technologies for the alternative press, community radio stations, home-brew computer clubs and video collectives.
早在60年代,Marshall McLuhan 就曾宣称,大企业和大政府的权力将被新技术对个人的内在赋权效应所推翻。媒体、计算机和电信的融合将不可避免地导致一个电子化的直接民主——电子集市——在其中的每个人都可以自由地发表意见而无需担心审查。
受 McLuhan 预言的激励,西海岸激进分子率先使用新的信息技术来替代新闻媒体、社区广播、家酿电脑俱乐部和视频集体。
-
The California Ideology is a mix of cybernetics, free market economics, and counter-culture libertarianism and is promulgated by magazines such as WIRED and MONDO 2000 and preached in the books of Stewart Brand, Kevin Kelly and others. The new faith P has been embraced by computer nerds, slacker students, 30-something capitalists, hip academics, futurist bureaucrats and even the President of the USA himself. As usual, Europeans have not been slow to copy the latest fashion from America. While a recent EU report recommended adopting the Californian free enterprise model to build the 'infobahn', cutting-edge artists and academics have been championing the 'post-human' philosophy developed by the West Coast's Extropian cult. With no obvious opponents, the global dominance of the Californian ideology appears to be complete.
加州意识形态是控制论、自由市场经济学和反文化自由主义的混合体,由 WIRED 和 MONDO 2000 等杂志提出,并在 Stewart Brand、Kevin Kelly 等人的著作中被广泛传播。这个新的信仰已经被计算机书呆子、懒惰的学生、30 来岁的资本家、嘻哈学者、未来主义官僚,甚至美国总统本人所拥抱。像往常一样,欧洲人从美国复制最新时尚的速度并不慢。尽管最近的一份欧盟报告推荐采用加州自由企业模式来建立「信息高速公路」,但前沿艺术家和学者一直在倡导由西海岸负熵崇拜者产生的「后人类」理念。在没有明显对手的情况下,加州意识形态的全球主导地位是全面的。
-
The Californian Ideology
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
book.douban.com book.douban.com
-
德国作家 Christoph Kucklick 总结了人类社会正经历的由数字化解析引起的三场革命:差异革命、智能革命、控制革命,及社会层面的解体:一是现存的社会制度需要设法跟上技术进步的脚步,二是人与机器的界限日益模糊,我们需要对人类的本质进行全新的认知。
-
-
blog.quandl.com blog.quandl.com
-
-
We’re in the middle of a data revolution. Business processes everywhere are becoming digitized. Firms like Walmart and Target know exactly what you search for and what you end up buying. Other firms like ADP, Mastercard and FedEx are intimately involved in payrolls, transactions, delivery and every other stage of the commercial pipeline. And every single action that these firms take is recorded and stored for analysis. Human interactions are also becoming digitized. Social networks, instant messaging and web search paint a dynamic, real-time picture of what people are interested in and who they’re talking to. Again, every single action is recorded and stored for posterity. Smartphones are ubiquitous. This means an accurate location sensor, audio recorder, still/video camera, radio transponder and internet connection in every pocket. Almost no part of the world is outside the limits of cellular coverage. Cars and trucks now have embedded sensors, tracking position, velocity, traffic and much more. Satellites and GPS have gone from the preserve of the few (military) to the plaything of the many; imagery and position data are today a public good. As a result of these technological innovations, we are swimming in a sea of data. Yet this data would be meaningless if it weren’t for another, parallel advancement in the area of computation. Thanks to the relentless progress of Moore’s Law, we have the bandwidth to capture all this data, the memory to store it and the cycles to analyze it and extract commercial value from it. This capacity has transformed industries everywhere.
所有的业务流程都在数字化。像 Walmart 和 Target 这样的公司可以精确地知道你在找什么,你最终会买什么。其他公司如 ADP、MasterCard 和 FedEx 等则深入参与到了薪酬、交易、交付,以及商业流程上的各环节。这些公司的每一个活动都为分析而记录和存储了下来。
人与人之间的交互也正数字化。社交网络、即时通讯和网络搜索描绘了关于人们的兴趣和交谈对象的一幅生动、实时的图景。同样,每一个活动都为后世而记录和存储了下来。
智能手机无处不在。这意味着在每个口袋里都有一个精确的位置传感器、录音机、摄影/摄像机、无线电应答机和互联网连接。几乎已经没有处于手机网络覆盖范围之外的世界了。
汽车和卡车现在都已嵌入传感器,跟踪位置、速度、交通情况等。卫星和 GPS 已经从少数人的特权(军事)变成了大众的玩物;图像和位置数据是当今的公共利益。
由于这些技术创新,我们被淹没在了一片数据的汪洋之中。然而,如果没有另一个计算领域的平行并进,这些数据将毫无意义。由于摩尔定律的不断推进,我们有足够的带宽采集这些数据,有足够的内存来存储,周期性地进行分析,并从中提取商业价值。
-
And companies will evolve to make use of all this data. Today, for every Amazon or Target that runs a rigorous program of data collection, analysis and action, there are dozens of companies that still operate by old-school rules. As time goes by, these firms will either adapt or become extinct. Either way, the future belongs to businesses that embrace the data revolution. This means that the amount of business data available to analysts will only continue to grow.
所有的公司都将会学着来利用所有这些数据。现在,相对于每一个类似 Amazon 或 Target 那样,运行着严格的程序来进行数据收集、分析和行动的公司,仍有更多公司在用老式的规则运转。随着时间的推移,这些公司要么去适应,要么会消失。不管怎样,未来属于那些拥抱数据革命的公司。这意味着可供分析师使用的商业数据只会越来越多。
-
-
brainzooming.com brainzooming.com
-
Detail-oriented without ever losing a strong strategic perspective. Calm under the pressure of implementation and deadlines. A strong listener with great skill at asking questions. Able to vary the direction of a project (or a tactic or task) in smart ways to keep moving toward the objective. Adept at anticipating potential problems and addressing them early. Able to successfully interact at senior and junior levels within the organization. Resilient in order to recover from setbacks. Consistent in how he or she responds to comparable situations.
Mike Brown认为一个优秀的 DRI 需要具备以下特质:
- 细节导向,兼具战略视角。
- 在执行和截止期的压力下保持冷静。
- 有很强的倾听能力,且善于提问。
- 能够以明智的方式改变项目(或策略或任务)的方向,以继续朝着目标前进。
- 擅长预测潜在问题,并及早解决。
- 能够在组织内成功地与高层和初级员工沟通。
- 从挫折中恢复的弹性。
- 在相似场景下的反应保持一致。
-
-
book.douban.com book.douban.com
-
Apple 内部最令人兴奋以及害怕的场合,莫过于给 Steve Jobs 的 Demo 环节,他喜欢请 DRI 来亲自演示,因为他认为 DRI 才是该领域最资深的专家。
Ken 最初为 iPad 设计了两款软键盘,并通过一个「Zoom」键来切换。提供给 Steve 的只有一个待机界面,以及一句「试试 Zoom 键」。
在经过了很长时间的端详、凝视,以及一系列的触摸体验后,Steve 最终回过头来问 Ken:「我们只需要其中一种键盘对吗?」
Ken 有些紧张地回答:「我想是的」,但其实之前并没有考虑过精简。
Steve 接着问 Ken,「你认为应该保留哪个?」。这是这个故事中最有趣的地方,Steve 没有自己做决定,也没有问身边的高管 Scott Forstall(Apple 前 iPhone 软件部门高级副总裁), 而是问了这个键盘的 DRI——Ken。
Ken 迟疑了片刻,然后结合自己之前的体验,答道:「我喜欢大的这个,它的自动校正功能很有帮助,而且让我有触摸打字的感觉。」
Steve 很快回复道:「OK,我们就用这个。」
演示完美结束。
-
-
www.persee.fr www.persee.fr
-
www.connectedpapers.com www.connectedpapers.com
-
致力于帮助研究者和领域从业者查询和搜索学术论文的免费可视化工具 Connected Papers 与 arXiv 网站合作,每篇 arXiv 论文可以在摘要页面直接链接到其在 Connected Papers 中的关联论文图。
-
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
When everything else is hard, and we’re balancing so much, and we’re still going somehow — why not just shoot for the most audacious thing you can come up with? The worst thing that could happen couldn’t be much harder than where we are. And if this year has taught us anything, it is that we may not have more time.
当其他一切都很难,我们又要平衡这么多,我们还在以某种方式前进——为什么不尝试你能想到的最大胆的事情呢?最坏的事情也不会比我们现在的处境难得多。如果说今年给了我们什么教训的话,那就是我们可能没有更多的时间了。
-
-
www.wired.com www.wired.com
-
但最近瑞士洛桑理工大学的研究团队重新调查了这个地点,并用电脑建模的方式,对这个地方的地形,以及当时的天气数据等等进行了计算。团队的结论是,发生了延迟的「板状雪崩」(slab avalanche),而这种雪崩下,几个人死得相当痛苦。
当天迪亚特洛夫山口的风非常非常大。风把附近的积雪吹到了山口的一个斜坡上,而斜坡下,正是探险队搭帐篷的地方。因为风很大,所以探险队在那里挖了一个坑,把帐篷搭进了坑里。由于坡度很缓,积雪又很硬,所以他们都没有考虑到雪崩的问题。
但这里的积雪有一个致命的问题——是分层的。积雪和积雪中间,可能因为天气不同等等原因,里面有的地方,积得不是特别牢靠。而在大风的作用下,上面的积雪越来越多,终于触发了滑动。
一大块石板一样的积雪,从上面轰然滑落。有五个人从帐篷里逃出来,衣服都没怎么穿,直接被雪块砸中。逃出去的四个人,也被后来雪崩巨大的冲击力击倒,被带去了更远的地方。
模型的结论是,当时的条件刚好处于触发板状雪崩的临界值,雪少一点、内摩擦力大一点,或者坡度小一点,就完全不是这个情况了——运气太差了。
-
1959年2月份,一队苏联专业登山探险队员在乌拉尔山的迪亚特洛夫山口(Dyatlov Pass)失踪,后来找到的时候全部罹难。搜救人员先是找到了他们的帐篷,然后在帐篷以及不远处的松树之间发现了五具尸体。而另外四具尸体在两个月之后才从积雪里挖出来。
当时的结论是,或许发生了雪崩。但是迪亚特洛夫山口的地形并不陡峭,附近也没有发生过雪崩的迹象。更诡异的是,这几个人当中,有好几个身上有明显的撞伤的痕迹,其中一个人应该是死于外伤,但附近又完全没有落石的痕迹。有五个人还穿着相当薄的衣服,是活活冻死的。
于是这件事一直是一个谜。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
-
John Horton Conway: the world’s most charismatic mathematician
从这篇传记中,你可以读到康威的很多趣事,比如挥霍大量时间玩游戏,不会写求职申请,上课带个萝卜去削二十面体,用斐波那契数列记忆女儿的生日,心算万年历……
-
-
www.thepaper.cn www.thepaper.cn
-
《卫报》上一篇五年前的传记文章
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.edge.org www.edge.org
-
Biological and Cultural EvolutionSix Characters in Search of an Author
《生物学和文化意义上的进化:六个寻找作者的剧中人》 标题中“六个寻找作者的剧中人”是皮兰德娄一部戏剧的名字,戴森调用了该戏剧让六个角色一个接一个地出现在舞台上,每个角色都把故事推向一个意想不到的方向的结构设计,来引出他心目中过去两个世纪里关于进化论研究的六个先驱,以公开陈述一些关于进化论的非正统理念。
文章的六个章节标题分别为:查尔斯·达尔文(1809-1882):多样性悖论;木村资生(1924-1994):人口越小,发展得越快;厄休拉·古迪纳夫(1943-):自然玩着高风险的游戏;赫伯特·威尔斯(1866-1946):人类经验的多样性;理查德·道金斯(1941-):基因与谜米;斯万特•帕博(1955-):洞穴里的堂兄弟。
-
-
thinkingtools.space thinkingtools.space
-
I think inline browsing creates a paradigm shift: From push to workspace (google → website → copy → workspace → paste), to pull from workspace (workspace → /search → select). Not having to leave your workspace for doing research will allow us to do more focused work and create personal browsing narratives that are easier to share with others. It will reduce the cognitive load of navigating ever changing environments on the web. If there’s one thing the human brain doesn’t like, it’s surprise. That’s why all-in-one when done well (Notion) is such a powerful idea.
我认为内嵌式浏览创造了一种模式的转变:从推送到工作空间(google→网站→复制→工作空间→粘贴),到从工作空间提取(工作空间→/搜索→选择)。不用离开工作空间做研究,将使我们可以更专注地工作,并创建个人浏览记录,更容易与他人分享。它将减少在不断变化的网络环境中浏览的认知负荷。如果说人脑不喜欢什么,那就是惊喜。
-
-
thinkingtools.space thinkingtools.space
-
Our mission is to rethink how we create, share and organise knowledge. This community is a place to share ideas, post designs, and ask questions on the interaction and architecture of tools for thinking. We draw inspiration from geniuses like Douglas Engelbart 10, Alan Kay 5, Ted Nelson 2, Douglas Hofstadter 3, JCR Licklider, Vannevar Bush 4, Arthur Schopenhauer, Jef Raskin, Donald Norman 1, Bret Victor 2, Nicky Case 4, Andy Matuschak 8, Ludwig Wittgenstein and many more. The power of the unaided mind is highly overrated. Computers were meant to become interactive intellectual amplifiers for all humans. Yet many of todays applications fail to capture our ideas adequately or inspire us with serendipitous knowledge. We can do better than the Evernotes, Dropboxes or Googles!
我们的使命是重新思考我们如何创造、分享和组织知识。这个社区是一个分享想法,发布设计,提出关于交互和思考工具架构的问题的地方。
我们从Douglas Engelbart、Alan Kay、Ted Nelson、Douglas Hofstadter、JCR Licklider、Vannevar Bush、Arthur Schopenhauer、Jef Raskin、Donald Norman、Bret Victor、Nicky Case、Andy Matuschak、Ludwig Wittgenstein等天才身上汲取灵感。
独立思考的力量被高估了。计算机本来是要成为全人类的交互式智力放大器。然而,许多现今的应用却不能充分捕捉我们的想法,或以意外的知识启发我们。我们可以比Evernotes、Dropboxes或Googles做得更好!
-
-
-
The bottom line is this: We humans have to adapt to the machines as much as the machines have to adapt to us. Our careers depend on it. Amazon runs simulations to figure out how to keep their human workers comfortable when loading robots with packages. This includes their range of movement from an ergonomics standpoint and their safety. Or such questions as how best for a human to grab a parcel, scan it, place it, and reach over to hit the button that sends the robot on its way. “There's an art to making it feel seamless between what the robot is doing and what the humans are doing,” says Brad Porter, VP of robotics at Amazon.It’s the kind of dynamic environment that’s perfect for the development of Amazon’s next iteration of its system. The company is working on a new modular robot called Xanthus with different attachments, say to hold containers instead of using a conveyor belt. This machine will in a sense bridge the divide between fulfillment centers, where humans are loading products into boxes by hand, and sorting centers, where they’re mostly working with those assembled boxes.
底线是: 我们人类必须适应机器,就像机器必须适应我们一样。我们的事业就靠它了。
亚马逊进行模拟,找出如何让工人在给机器人装载包裹时感到舒适。这包括他们的运动范围,从人体工程学的角度和他们的安全。或者是这样的问题,比如人类如何最好地拿起包裹,扫描它,放置它,然后按下按钮送机器人上路。亚马逊机器人副总裁布拉德·波特(Brad Porter)说:"让机器人和人类的动作无缝衔接,这是一门艺术"。
这种动态环境非常适合亚马逊下一个系统迭代的开发。该公司正在研制一种新型的模块化机器人,名为 Xanthus,它有不同的附件,比如用容器代替传送带。这台机器将在某种意义上弥合物流中心和分拣中心之间的鸿沟,前者是人类用手工将产品装入箱子,后者主要是处理这些组装好的箱子。
-
To map out all this madness, Amazon runs simulations. Those in turn inform how the drives themselves should be performing. What’s the optimal speed? What’s the optimal acceleration and deceleration, given you want the deliveries to be as efficient as possible while keeping the robots from smashing into one another? After all, a bump might toss a package to the ground, which other robots would spot with their vision sensors and route around, adding yet another layer of complexity to the field. (The robots have sensors on either end of their conveyor belt, by the way, so if a package starts to slip off the side, the belt automatically engages to pull the package back on.)
为了描绘出所有这些疯狂的行为,亚马逊进行了模拟。这些信息反过来告诉驱动器本身应该如何运行。最佳速度是多少?考虑到你想要在保证机器人不撞到对方的前提下,尽可能有效地运送,那么最佳的加速和减速是多少呢?毕竟,一个碰撞可能会把一个包裹扔到地上,其他机器人会用它们的视觉传感器发现并绕行,这又给现场增加了一层复杂性。(顺便说一下,机器人在传送带的两端都有传感器,所以如果包裹开始从一边滑落,传送带就会自动啮合,把包裹拉回来)。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
-
Stefania Druga and Randi Williams, the researchers behind the study, want to know how children perceive smart robots, and, eventually, to study how those bots affect kids’ cognitive development. So far, they’ve discovered that little children (ages 3 and 4) aren’t sure whether the robots are smarter than they are, but that slightly older children (ages 6 to 10) believe the robots to have superior intelligence. Druga and Williams were inspired by the research of the legendary Sherry Turkle, who wrote a highly influential 1984 book called The Second Self. She argued that computers, as objects that exist somewhere between the animate and the inanimate, force humans to reexamine their own minds. Small children, she found, were fascinated by the question of whether computerized toys were alive, dead, or something else.
这项研究的研究人员Stefania Druga和Randi Williams想知道孩子们是如何看待智能机器人的,并最终研究这些机器人是如何影响孩子们的认知发展的。到目前为止,他们发现,小孩子(3岁和4岁)并不确定机器人是否比自己聪明,但年龄稍大的孩子(6岁到10岁)则认为机器人具有更高的智力。Druga和Williams受到传奇人物Sherry Turkle的研究启发,Sherry Turkle在1984年写了一本极具影响力的书《第二自我》(The Second Self)。她认为,计算机作为介于有生命和无生命之间的物体,迫使人类重新审视自己的思想。她发现,小孩子对电脑玩具是活的、死的还是别的什么东西这个问题很感兴趣。
-
This one was Cozmo, a $179 gadget produced by Anki, which has taken more than $200 million from venture capitalists to bring “artificial intelligence and robotics to our everyday lives.” The company was founded by Carnegie Mellon graduates in 2010, one of many businesses spawned by the university’s robotics program. In downtown San Francisco, Anki employs nearly 200 people making toy robots governed by artificial intelligence.
这就是 Cozmo,Anki 公司生产的一种价值179美元的小工具,该公司已经从风险投资商那里拿到了超过2亿美元的资金,将“人工智能和机器人技术带入了我们的日常生活”。该公司由卡内基梅隆大学的毕业生在2010年创立,这是该大学机器人项目催生的众多业务之一。在旧金山市中心,Anki 公司雇佣了近200名员工,制造由人工智能控制的玩具机器人。
-
-
designmuseum.org designmuseum.org
-
www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
-
2007 年 2 月 1 日,受维基百科的启发,英国企鹅出版集团与德蒙特福特大学联合创建了一个名为「百万企鹅」的共同创作计划,旨在挑战现有的文学创作方式。
百万企鹅给出了故事的布局和人物背景,每个读者可以创作 250 字的内容,以 Wiki 社群的形式进行接龙创作,然而项目一经开启便如一匹脱缰的野马般变得不可控制。
维基式的规则意味着每个读者可以自由删减故事内容,很多作者在经过一番精心创作后,改天一看原内容就已经被删改的面目全非,而更甚的是,故事内容出现了不少粗言秽语以及吸毒场面,最终这场实验般的小说创作项目在该年 3 月 7 日宣布不再接受网友修改。
-
-
book.douban.com book.douban.com
-
在《创造性思维》这本书中,他提了一些建议,来帮助孩子培养思维能力:
建议1:孩子们可以把自己想象成一台机器人。这也是我们常说的“成长型思维”。这种思维能帮助孩子们把消极想法转换为积极想法,帮助孩子学会用成长的眼光看待自己的缺点和不足,从而变得更加自信。
建议2:孩子们可以玩玩魔术,学习魔术技巧。马文认为,学魔术能帮孩子洞察所感知的事物是如何受到周围环境、期望和蒙蔽影响的,让孩子理解一些骗人的把戏,有助于培养批判性思维。
除了这两个建议,马文还归纳了十种解决问题的方法。
- 类比推理:如果遇到熟悉问题,则试一下类比推理。如果你过去解决过类似问题,并能解决由问题之间的差异带来的问题,那么你可以重用以前的解决方案。
- 分解攻克:如果这个问题仍然看上去太难,则试着将它分解成几部分来解决。你所认识的每个差异都可以转化为单独的子问题来解决。
- 改述法:如果问题看上去陌生,则改变问题的描述方式,反复尝试。试着找到能突出更多相关信息的不同描述。
- 聚焦与发散:如果思路太多,则集中精力关注一个更具体的例子。如果没有足够的思路,则试着将问题描述进一步泛化。
- 简化法:如果问题太复杂,则试着简化它,并形成本问题的一个简化版本。解决一个简化版的问题,可能会提示你怎样解决原来的复杂问题。
- 反思:常问自己是什么使得问题看上去很难,会帮助你找到另一种解决问题的方法,或者一种比反思更好的方式来打发时间。
- 演绎:当你的思路不顺时,找一位在这个领域的专家,并想象这位专家在目前情况下会怎么做。
- 思路转移:当你发现自己的思维完全卡住了,停止一切手头上的工作,并让你的思维通过转换到其他地方彻底放松。
- 知其所以然:如果你能够设法回溯那些知识,那么解决问题的最好的方法其实是(挖掘问题根源)知道如何用那种方式解决问题。
- 寻求帮助:如果上述方法均不管用,你可以找另一个人来帮助你。
-
-
web.media.mit.edu web.media.mit.edu
-
马文质疑的“通识教育”,是那种只注重传授大量零散知识,而不注重培养孩子思维方式/心智技能的教育。他称它为“general” education和 “broad” education,用双引号表明他质疑的是当时多数人所谓的“通识教育”。
-
-
book.douban.com book.douban.com
-
这本书提到,0-2岁的孩子会通过感觉和身体的运动去学习概念,逐渐了解颜色、形状、大小、数字等概念,逐渐形成空间感。2-7岁的孩子会逐渐学习用语言表达概念,逐渐了解集合、分类、比较、排序、测量等概念。在玩游戏的时候,2-7岁的孩子可能会把沙子当做食物,把木棍当做勺子,这些活动都能帮助孩子认识符号,是孩子之后认识数字、字母、文字等抽象符号的基础。
大概在5-7岁的时候,孩子会逐渐认识数量守恒的概念,比如知道一块橡皮泥捏成一团和拉成一条是一样多的,知道同一堆硬币分成几组和排成一排是一样多的。这时,他们才开始理解数学运算。到了7-11岁,孩子们会在之前概念的基础上学到更加抽象的概念。
-
-
zh.wikipedia.org zh.wikipedia.org
-
-
keithsawyer.com keithsawyer.com
-
创造力研究学者基思索耶(Keith Sawyer):
1982年他从麻省理工学院获得计算机科学学位,毕业后从事了两年的视频游戏设计。
1984年到1990年,他在管理咨询公司担任管理顾问,从事创新技术方面的咨询。
1990年,他追随创造力领域的知名学者Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi博士,开始创造力研究的博士学位学习。
1994年,获得博士学位后,他开始从事创造力的研究。
有趣的是,他在业余时间是一位爵士乐钢琴家,有30多年的演奏历史,在芝加哥即兴演出剧团有数年的演奏历史。
-
-
book.douban.com book.douban.com
-
霍华德・加德纳(Howard Gardner)在1998年出版的《杰出的头脑》(Extraordinary Minds)一书中指出,杰出人物的旨趣可以简单归纳为:人 v.s. 物。
不同杰出人物最初的兴趣爱好可以分为两种:有些人的兴趣指向在他所处的社会中受到肯定的知识领域;另一此人的兴趣则是直接指向这个社会中生活的人。一个首先对某个知识领域发生兴趣的人和一个最初就直接对人类发生兴趣的人是截然不同的,这两种不同的倾向在生命的早期就已经出现,而且通常会延续终身。......杰出人士对待其从事的领域中的变革的态度各不相同。一个杰出者在有意无意之中必然要做出两个选择:是集中对人还是对物;是投身一个领域去攀登其中的高峰还是尝试着去超越它。(《杰出的头脑》p.173)
-
-
www.voibook.com www.voibook.com
-
音书科技的创始人石城川是听障人士,因而对于不能听见声音痛苦感同身受。2016年,他与大学同学陈国强、华工校友彭驷庆一起创立了这个基于人工智能技术的听力言语障碍群体服务平台。四年多的时间里,音书从最初提供无障碍沟通的字幕服务,逐渐发展出了帮助听障人士学习说话的语训功能、线上及线下手语翻译和培训服务,以及面向听障学生的无障碍的教学系统。这些功能抵达了60万的用户,其中90%都是听障人士。
-
-
www.b-l-u-e.net www.b-l-u-e.net
-
-
青山周平的B.L.U.E.建筑设计事务所,B.L.U.E.是“Beijing Laboratory for Urban Environment”(北京城市环境研究所)的略称。
-
-
zh.wikipedia.org zh.wikipedia.org
-
约翰·威廉斯1922年出生在德克萨斯州的克拉克斯维尔。十几岁时,他从高中图书馆借了很多书,当地一家报纸对他进行了特写。1942年,他加入了陆军航空队,在加尔各答的一个帐篷里威廉姆斯写了几页小说,这是他在业余时间所写的。
战争结束后,威廉姆斯搬到了科罗拉多州的丹佛市,并进入丹佛大学学习,获得了文学士和文学硕士学位。也是在丹佛大学期间,帐篷里的那几页后来变成了1948年由丹佛Swallow出版社出版的《只有夜晚》(Nothing but The Night),这本书是一部描写早期创伤经历带来的恐惧和任性的小说。
获得硕士学位后,威廉姆斯进入密苏里大学任教,并于1954年获得英语文学博士学位。1955年秋,威廉姆斯回到丹佛大学担任助理教授,成为创意写作项目的主任。1963年,他编辑并撰写了《英国文艺复兴诗集》的导言。
1994年3月的一个周四,约翰·威廉姆斯在阿肯色州费耶特维尔的家中去世。
-
-
www.telegraph.co.uk www.telegraph.co.uk
-
1959年,皮尔·卡丹在一次时装发布会上,将自己名字的缩写“PC”印在了服装上,同行们都要笑吐了:这不是光屁股拉磨,转着圈儿丢人吗!
-
-
mykel.kochenderfer.com mykel.kochenderfer.com
-
Algorithms for Decision Making
《不确定性决策算法(Algorithms for Decision Making)》
许多重要问题涉及不确定情况下的决策,如飞机避碰、野火管理和灾害响应。在设计自动决策系统或决策支持系统时,必须考虑到各种不确定性来源。考虑这些不确定性的来源并达到系统多重目标的平衡是一件非常有挑战性的事情。
本书从计算的角度去讨论这些挑战,旨在提供决策模型和计算方法背后的理论,介绍了不确定情况下决策问题的实例应用,概述了可能的计算方法。
-
-
mykel.kochenderfer.com mykel.kochenderfer.com
-
Mykel Kochenderfer 是斯坦福大学航空航天系助理教授、计算机科学系客座教授,也是斯坦福智能系统实验室(SISL)负责人,从事高级算法和分析方法研究,以设计鲁棒性的决策系统。其研究兴趣还包括空中交通管制、无人驾驶飞机、自动驾驶系统等。
在 2013 年来到斯坦福大学任职之前,他曾在麻省理工学院林肯实验室工作。曾出版过《算法优化》(麻省理工学院出版社,2019 年)和《不确定性下的决策制定:理论与应用》(麻省理工学院出版社,2015 年)等教材。
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
硅谷亿万富豪查马斯·帕里哈皮提亚(Chamath Palihapitiya),前Facebook高管、知名风险投资人、金州勇士队的小老板。
1976年,查马斯出生在斯里兰卡。在查马斯幼年时期,家境还算不错,母亲是一名护士,父亲则在斯里兰卡的卫生部担任公务员。6岁那年,父亲因为工作关系调动到了加拿大,他们全家搬到了那里。
因为患上了抑郁症,查马斯的父亲失去了工作能力,失业了很长一段时间,沉迷酒精无法自拔。母亲为别人当管家谋生,后来还兼职助理护士,一人扛起了家庭重担。
上了高中,查马斯就开始在汉堡王之类的地方四处打工为母亲分忧。同时,他还展露出了一些不同于常人的天赋,比如赌博。每个周末,他会用假身份证潜入赌场,在德州扑克牌桌上赢到40到50美元(现在他仍是相当出色的德州扑克玩家,全球排名101位)。
1999年,查马斯从名校滑铁卢大学拿到电气工程学位。毕业后他在投资银行当了一年交易员,很快发现这份看似体面的工作并不是自己想要的,就和女友一起搬到了加利福尼亚,开始到硅谷闯荡。
他先是去了美国知名门户网站AOL(美国在线),从聊天软件开发一路当到公司最年轻的副总裁。2005年,他来到互联网投资公司Mayfield Fund。这份工作只持续了几个月,他加入了当时刚问世一年的Facebook,为脸书开拓用户群。
4年时间过去,查马斯作为副总裁帮助脸书在全球收获了5亿拥趸,赚够了钱的查马斯决定做一份属于自己的事业,也就是日后名震硅谷的Social Capital。
仅在2011到2015年4年时间里,他就投中了四个企业(3家上市一家并购),获得了丰厚的回报。
他入股了NBA金州勇士队,此后四年里勇士拿下了三座总冠军奖杯;他还买入了大量比特币,现在有底气笑称“正是账户里的这些比特币能让我睡个好觉”。
他在大批华尔街空头如秃鹰般围捕特斯拉的时候,坚持买入特斯拉的股票。
查马斯高调宣布将竞选加州州长。
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
-
Chamath Palihapitiya买了12.5万美元的GameStop看涨期权——当时这支股票的价格是115美元,上周他在单股350美元时平仓,翻了三倍。为了证明自己不是为了赚钱,查马斯把本金加上利润一共50万美元都捐给了扶持小企业的另一家基金。他说,这一次的投资的目的在于“学习”,而这场战役的确让他学到了很多。捐完钱的第二天,他接受CNBC连线采访,面对主持人来势汹汹的拷问“你为什么站在散户这边”,查马斯逻辑清晰、冷静辩驳,把对方陈腐而不自知的观点一一击破。也正是这场论战,让他被推上了散户“带头大哥”的位置。
-
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
I look for a couple of threads. One is the combination of ego and humility. Let’s be honest, a lot of C.E.O.s are ego-driven people. But they also have to be humble in some very precise ways around ideas and decisions, and being able to change their mind. That’s an idiosyncratic combination.Another thread is intellectual curiosity. They ask a lot of “why” questions, and they’re comfortable with the ambiguous nature of things that are unknown.The last one is that you want somebody who’s ultra-resilient, because there are just so many trials and tribulations to building a business. One day it can feel like you’re on the top of the world, and the next day it’s all crumbling down. Can you compartmentalize it, put it in context and enjoy it?
在接受纽约时报采访时,他解释过自己会把钱投给怎样的创业者。
“首先他要够谦逊,能听得进不同意见;第二他的求知欲必须旺盛,会问许多‘为什么’。最后,他得是一个有着超强韧性的人,因为创业要经历许多磨难,前一天你还在世界之巅,第二天一切的一切却都崩溃了,你能享受这样的生活吗?”
-
-
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
-
Exploring Privilege in the Digital Divide: Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice
-