4,133 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2021
    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.20.440678: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IRB: All cells were maintained at 37°C with 5% CO2 Source of Primary Human T cells: Blood was obtained from Blood Centers of the Pacific (San Francisco, CA) as approved by the University Institutional Review Board.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibodies: Surface expressed proteins were assayed for using Alexa Fluor 647 Anti-Myc tag antibody (Cell Signaling Technologies #2233S)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Myc tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T cells expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2, a generous gift of Hannah S Sperber and Dr. Satish Pillai, were cultured in DMEM High Glucose (Gibco #10569-010) supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% of Antibiotic-Antimycotic,</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Generation of Stable Cell Lines: Lenti-X 293T cells (Takara Bio #632180) were seeded at approximately 7e5 cells/well in a 6-well plate to yield ~80% confluency the following day.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Media was changed after 24 hours, and at 48 hours the viral supernatant was filtered through a 0.45μm PVDF filter and added to Jurkat or K562 cells seeded at approximately 1e5 cells/well in a 12-well plate.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Jurkat</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>K562</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Prior to the flow cytometry, cells were seeded at densities described below in a 96 well plates, using flat-bottom plates (Falcon #353072) for experiments involving BHK-21 cells and U bottom plates for all other experiments (Falcon #877217) and incubated for 24-72 hours as specified by the experiment.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BHK-21</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Recombinant DNA</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following day cells were transfected with 1.5μg of transfer vector containing the desired expression cassette, and the lentiviral packaging plasmids pMD2</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pMD2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">G (170ng) and pCMV-dR8.91 (1.33μg) using 10μl of Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen #11668-027) according to manufacturer protocols.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pCMV-dR8.91</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, 293T cells were transfected with plasmid DNA (340 ng of Spike vector, 1μg CMV-Gag-Pol (pCMV-dΔR8.91), 125 ng pAdvantage (Promega), 1 μg Luciferase reporter (per 6-well plate)) for 48 h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pCMV-dΔR8.91</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For positive control, Spike vector was replaced with pMD2.G and for negative control this vector was omitted.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pMD2.G</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_12259)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For LCB1 and LCB3, protein sequences were translated to human optimized coding sequences using Benchling.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Benchling</div><div>suggested: (Benchling, RRID:SCR_013955)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All data were collected using FACSDiva (BD Biosciences) Flow Cytometry: Flow cytometry was performed using a LSR-Fortessa (BD Biosciences).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FACSDiva</div><div>suggested: (BD FACSDiva Software, RRID:SCR_001456)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The protein concentration was estimated based on the protein absorbance at 280nm with a spectrophotometer (Nanodrop One, Thermo), flash frozen, and stored in −80 °C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Thermo</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Xcalibur, RRID:SCR_014593)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All data analysis was conducted using custom Python scripts, available on github (https://github.com/weinberz/sarsnotch).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Python</div><div>suggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Analysis was conducted in Jupyter59 and relied on numpy60, matplotlib, seaborn, pandas, SciPy61, scikit-learn62 and fcsparser.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>matplotlib</div><div>suggested: (MatPlotLib, RRID:SCR_008624)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.19.440481: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Consent: The original studies to obtain blood samples after written informed consent were previously described and had been approved by the Ethics Board of ChongQing Medical University24.<br>IRB: The original studies to obtain blood samples after written informed consent were previously described and had been approved by the Ethics Board of ChongQing Medical University24.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Six-to eight-week-old female hACE2 mice were treated with 58G6 or 510A5 monoclonal antibody at a concentration of 10 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route, respectively.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sequence analysis of antigen-specific mAbs: IMGT/V-QUEST (http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest) and IgBLAST (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/), MIXCR (https://mixcr.readthedocs.io/en/master/) and VDJtools (https://vdjtools-doc.readthedocs.io/en/master/overlap.html) tools were used to do the variable region analysis and annotation for each antibody clone.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antigen-specific mAbs: IMGT/V-QUEST ( http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest )</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) was linked with anti-human IgG-Fc antibody to capture about 9000 response units of the neutralizing Abs.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG-Fc</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The next days, the membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with HRP-conjugated Goat-anti-human Fc antibody (Abcam, ab99759, 1:10000) for 1 h at RT.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ab99759</div><div>suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab99759, RRID:AB_10673762)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The ELISA plates were washed 4 times by blocking buffer and 50 μL Goat F(ab’)2 Anti-Human IgG (Fab’)2 secondary antibody conjugated with ALP (Abcam, ab98532, 1:2000) was incubated with the plate at RT for 30 mins.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After the incubation, the mixtures were then transferred into 96-well plates, which were seeded with Vero E6 cells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T cells were grown to 80% confluency before transfection with VSV-G pseudotyped ΔG-luciferase, pWPXL and pSPAX2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After 72 hrs, the luciferase activities of infected HEK293T/ACE2 cells were detected by the Bright-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega, E2650)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T/ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Expi293 cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) cultured in Freestyle 293 Expression Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) were maintained at 37 °C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Expi293</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_D615)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Authentic SARS-CoV-2 and B.1.351 viruses and animal study: Authentic SARS-CoV-2 (WIV04) and B.1.351 (NPRC 2.062100001) viruses were propagated on the Vero-E6 cells and titrated by single layer plaque assay with standard procedure.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero-E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Recombinant DNA</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Production of pseudovirus bearing S protein: pVSVG expressing SARS-CoV-2 S protein was constructed as previously described29.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pVSVG</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_85140)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T cells were grown to 80% confluency before transfection with VSV-G pseudotyped ΔG-luciferase, pWPXL and pSPAX2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pSPAX2</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_12260)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Protein expression and purification: To express the prefusion S ectodomain, the gene encoding residues 1-1208 of SARS-CoV-2 S (GenBank: MN908947.3) with a C-terminal T4 fibritin trimerization motif, an HRV-3C protease cleavage site, a Twin-Strep-tag and an 8 × His-tag was synthesized, and cloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1, which was a kind gift from L.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pcDNA3.1</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_79663)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The IC50 and IC80 of the evaluated mAbs was and calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression using GraphPad Prism 8.0.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sequence analysis of antigen-specific mAbs: IMGT/V-QUEST (http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest) and IgBLAST (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/), MIXCR (https://mixcr.readthedocs.io/en/master/) and VDJtools (https://vdjtools-doc.readthedocs.io/en/master/overlap.html) tools were used to do the variable region analysis and annotation for each antibody clone.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IgBLAST</div><div>suggested: (IgBLAST, RRID:SCR_002873)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">2605 micrographs were collected in a single session with a defocus range comprised between 1.0 and 2.8 μm using SerialEM.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SerialEM</div><div>suggested: (SerialEM, RRID:SCR_017293)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cryo-EM data processing: All dose-fractioned images were motion-corrected and dose-weighted by MotionCorr2 software32 and their contrast transfer functions were estimated by cryoSPARC patch CTF estimation33.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MotionCorr2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following 2D, 3D classifications, and refinements were all performed in cryoSPARC.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>cryoSPARC</div><div>suggested: (cryoSPARC, RRID:SCR_016501)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Both of the 58G6 and 13G9 Fab models were first predicted using Phyre226 and then manually built in Coot 0.936 with the guidance of the cryo-EM electron density maps, and overall real-space refinements were performed using Phenix 1.1837.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Coot</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Phenix</div><div>suggested: (Phenix, RRID:SCR_014224)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.20.440588: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Contamination: Cells were originally obtained from ATCC and routinely tested negative for mycoplasma contamination (PCR Mycoplasma Detection Set, Takara)</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Fixed cells were incubated with anti-T7e epitope mouse monoclonal antibodies (Novagen, 69522-4) and anti-HA rabbit polyclonal antibodies (Sigma Aldrich, H6908).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The secondary antibodies Alexa 488 donkey anti-mouse IgG (Molecular Probes, A-21202) and Alexa 568 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Molecular Probes, A-10042) were used for double staining.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: (Molecular Probes Cat# A-21202, RRID:AB_141607)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To detect intracellular RABV-P protein, cells were permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min at room temperature and incubated with anti-RABV-P rabbit polyclonal antibody (Tobiume et al., 2009).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-RABV-P</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The secondary antibodies Alexa 488 donkey anti-mouse IgG and Alexa 568 donkey anti-rabbit IgG were used for staining.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To evaluate ubiquitination states, proteins immunoprecipitated with anti-ubiquitin mouse antibodies were subjected to Western blotting with anti-T7e rabbit antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-ubiquitin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Total cell lysate was also subjected to immunoblotting with anti-T7e rabbit antibodies and anti-HA rabbit polyclonal antibodies (Sigma Aldrich, H6908) to evaluate the expression levels of Env-T7es and HA-MARCH8.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-HA</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# H6908, RRID:AB_260070)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HA-MARCH8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell maintenance: 293T, HeLa, NIH3T3, HOS, and M8166+MARCH8 (Tada et al., 2015) cells were maintained under standard conditions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To determine viral infectivity, 1 × 104 NIH3T3 cells or HeLa cells were incubated with 1 ng of p24 antigen of either arenavirus virus envelope (LCMV-GP)- or alphavirus E3-E2-6K-E1 envelope (derived from CHIKV or RRV)-pseudotyped HIV-1 luciferase reporter viruses, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>NIH3T3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Recombinant DNA</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">DNA constructs: The envelope glycoprotein (Env)-deficient HiBiT-tagged HIV-1 proviral indicator construct pNL-Luc2-IN/HiBiT-E(-)Fin, the HIV-1 Gag-Pol expression plasmid pC-GagPol-RRE, the VSV-G expression plasmid pC-VSVg, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein expression plasmid pC-SARS-S, the SARS-CoV-2-S protein expression plasmid pC-SARS2-S, the HIV-1 Rev expression plasmid pCa-Rev, the MARCH8 expression plasmid pC-MARCH8, pC-HA-MARCH8, and the tyrosine motif-mutant pC-MARCH8-AxxL, the ACE2 expression plasmid pC-ACE2 and the TMPRSS2 expression plasmid pC-TMPRSS2, have previously been described elsewhere (Iwabu et al., 2009; Ozono et al., 2021; Ozono et al., 2020; Tada et al., 2015).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-GagPol-RRE</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VSV-G</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_138479)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pCa-Rev</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-MARCH8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-MARCH8-AxxL</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The plasmid pC-LCMVgp expressing the viral envelope derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (gp) was created by inserting PCR-amplified and BsiWI/XhoI-digested LCMV-GP fragments (PCR-amplified from pCI-LCMV-GP (Reignier et al., 2006)) into the Acc65I/XhoI-digested pCAGGS mammalian expression plasmid.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pCI-LCMV-GP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pCAGGS</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_18926)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The plasmid pC-CHIKVe expressing alphavirus E3-E2-6K-E1 polyprotein derived from Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was created by inserting the PCR-amplified and Acc65I/XhoI-digested E3-E2-6K-E1 fragments (PCR-amplified from codon-optimized CHIKV’s C-E3-E2-6K-E1 plasmid (Kishishita et al., 2013)) into the corresponding site of pCAGGS.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>C-E3-E2-6K-E1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Another E3-E2-6K-E1 expression plasmid, pC-RRVe, derived from the Ross River virus (RRV) T48 strain, was created by inserting the PCR-amplified and EcoRV/NotI-digested E3-E2-6K-E1 fragments (PCR-amplified from pRRV-E2E1 (Sharkey et al., 2001)) into the corresponding site of pCAGGS.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pRRV-E2E1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The RABV-G or LCMV-GP mutant (pC-RABVg-CT3K/R, or pC-LCMVgp-CT6K/R), in which cytoplasmic lysine residues at positions 489/508/517 or 465/471/478/487/492/496 were mutated to arginine residues, was created by inserting overlapping PCR fragments into correspondingly digested pC-RABVg or pC-LCMVgp, respectively</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RABVg-CT3K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-LCMVgp-CT6K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mutants of SARS-CoV-S and SARS-CoV-2-S (pC-SARS-S-CT4K/R, or pC-SARS2-S-CT4K/R), in which cytoplasmic lysine residues at positions 1227/1237/1248/1251 and 1245/1255/1266/1269 were mutated to arginine residues, were created by inserting overlapping PCR fragments into correspondingly digested pC-SARS-S and pC-SARS2-S, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS-S-CT4K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS2-S-CT4K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The CHIKV and RRV 6K mutants (pC-CHIKV-6K-2K/R and pC-RRV-6K-2K/R), in which the 6K region’s cytoplasmic lysine residues at positions 37/44 were mutated to arginine residues, were created by inserting overlapping PCR fragments into correspondingly digested pC-CHIKVe and pC-RRVe, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKV-6K-2K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRV-6K-2K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Similarly, the E2 mutants of CHIKV and RRV (pC-CHIKVe-E2-K/R or pC-RRVe-E2-K/R), in which E2’s C-terminal lysine residues at positions 422 and 394 were mutated to arginine residues, were created by inserting overlapping PCR fragments into correspondingly digested pCAGGS.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe-E2-K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe-E2-K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The C-terminally T7-epitope–tagged wild-type and its mutant expression plasmids of RABV-G (pC-RABVg-T7e and pC-RABVg-CT3K/R-T7e), LCMV-GP (pC-LCMVgp-T7e and pC-LCMVgp-CT6K/R-T7e), SARS-CoV-S (pC-SARS-S-T7e and pC-SARS-S-CT4K/R-T7e), SARS-CoV-2-S (pC-SARS2-S-T7e and pC-SARS2-S-CT4K/R-T7e), CHIKVe3-E2-6K-E1 (pC-CHIKVe-T7e, pC-CHIKVe-6K-2K/R-T7e, and pC-CHIKVe-E2-K/R-T7e), and RRVe3-E2-6K-E1 (pC-RRVe-T7e, pC-RRVe-6K-2K/R-T7e, and pC-RRVe-E2-K/R-T7e) were created by replacing the VSV-G gene of pC-VSVg-T7e (Zhang et al., 2020) with the corresponding PCR-amplified fragments.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RABVg-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-LCMVgp-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-LCMVgp-CT6K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS-S-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS-S-CT4K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS2-S-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS2-S-CT4K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe-6K-2K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe-E2-K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe-6K-2K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe-E2-K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-VSVg-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To detect ubiquitinated CHIKV-E2 proteins by immunoprecipitation assays, WT or E2-K/R mutant plasmids expressing CHIKV E3-E2-6K-E1, in which the T7 epitope-tag is inserted immediately downstream of a furin-cleavage site between E3 and E2, were created by inserting overlapping PCR fragments that harbor a T7e sequence into correspondingly digested pCAGGS and were designated pC-CHIKVe-T7eE2, pC-CHIKVe-T7eE2-K/R, pC-RRVe-T7eE2, and pC-RRVe-T7eE2-K/R, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe-T7eE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RRVe-T7eE2-K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Virion infectivity assays: To prepare various viral envelope-pseudotyped HIV-1 luciferase reporter viruses, 1.1 × 105 293T cells were cotransfected with increasing amounts of the MARCH8 expression plasmid, 20 ng of viral envelope expression plasmid (pC-VSVg, pC-RABVg, pC-LCMVgp, pC-SARS-S, pC-SARS2-S, pC-CHIKVe, pC-RRVe, and their mutants), 500 ng of pNL-Luc2-IN/HiBiT-E(-)Fin, and an empty vector up to 1 μg of total DNA using FuGENE 6 (Promega).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-VSVg</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RABVg</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-LCMVgp</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-SARS2-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pNL-Luc2-IN/HiBiT-E(-)Fin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Alternatively, 2.2 × 104 293T cells transiently coexpressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (using pC-ACE2 and pC-TMPRSS2) were incubated with 1 ng of p24 antigen of either SARS-CoV-S- or SARS-CoV-2-S-pseudotyped luciferase reporter lentiviruses.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-TMPRSS2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Immunofluorescence microscopy: HOS cells were plated on 13-mm coverslips, cotransfected with 0.5 μg of pC-xx-T7e (xx: RABV-G, RABV-G-CT3K/R, LCMVgp, LCMVgp-CT6K/R, SARS-S, SARS-S-CT4K/R, SARS2-S, SARS2-S-CT4K/R, CHIKVe, CHIKVe-6K-2K/R, CHIKVe-E2-K/R, RRVe, RRVe-6K-2K/R, or RRVe-E2-K/R), 0.1 μg of pC-GagPol-RRE, 0.05 μg of pCa-Rev, and 0.3 μg of either the HA-MARCH8 expression plasmid or an empty control using FuGENE6, and cultured for 24 h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-xx-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HA-MARCH8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ubiquitination assays: 293T cells (5 × 105) were cotransfected with 0.8 μg of pC-RABVg-T7e, pC-RABVg-CT3K/R-T7e, pC-CHIKVe-T7eE2, or pC-CHIKVe-T7eE2-K/R; and 0.2 μg of pC-HA-MARCH8 or an empty control.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-RABVg-CT3K/R-T7e</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe-T7eE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-CHIKVe-T7eE2-K/R</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pC-HA-MARCH8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analyses: Column graphs that combine bars and individual data points were created with GraphPad Prism version 9.10.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.21.440833: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-acetyl lysine antibody was purchased from ImmuneChem.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-acetyl</div><div>suggested: (ImmuneChem Cat# ICP0380, RRID:AB_2801477)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-SUPT16H, anti-SSRP1, anti-TIP60, anti-IFI16, anti-MX1, anti-ISG15, anti-GAPDH and normal mouse IgG antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-SUPT16H,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-SUPT16H</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SSRP1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-TIP60</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-IFI16</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-MX1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-ISG15</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-GAPDH</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-BRD4 antibody was purchased from Bethyl Laboratories.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-BRD4</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-FLAG, anti-V5, and normal rabbit IgG antibodies were purchased from Invitrogen.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-FLAG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-V5</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-K48Ub, anti-histone H3, anti-mouse HRP-linked and anti-rabbit HRP-linked antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-K48Ub, anti-histone</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-K48Ub, anti-histone H3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-histone</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit HRP-linked antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-HDAC1 antibody was purchased from Novus Biologicals.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-HDAC1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-H3K9me3, anti-H3K27me3, anti-H3ac (pan-acetyl), and anti-EZH2 antibodies were purchased from Active Motif.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-H3K9me3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-H3K27me3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-H3ac</div><div>suggested: (Millipore Cat# 06-599, RRID:AB_2115283)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-EZH2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">PE/Cyanine7 anti-human CD107a (LAMP-1), PE anti-human IFNγ and anti-IL-6 antibodies were purchased from BioLegend.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PE/Cyanine7 anti-human CD107a</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 328618, RRID:AB_11147955)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human CD107a</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IFNγ</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-IL-6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-flavivirus group antigen antibody that probes ZIKV E protein and anti-SARS-CoV-1/2 NP 1C7C7 antibody was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-flavivirus group antigen</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SARS-CoV-1/2 NP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) antibody was obtained from BEI Resources.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-IL-4, anti-IL-8, and FITC Mouse anti-rat IgG1 antibodies was purchased from BD Biosciences.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-IL-4,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-IL-4</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-IL-8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rat IgG1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To determine acetylation, ubiquitination, and other protein binders of the targeted proteins, cell lysates were incubated with the specific antibodies recognizing the targeted proteins or control IgG, followed by the incubation with protein A/G magnetic beads.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>control IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells and plasmids: HEK293T, HeLa, Vero E6, and TZM-bl cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Sigma-Aldrich).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: CCLV Cat# CCLV-RIE 1018, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>TZM-bl</div><div>suggested: NIH-ARP Cat# 8129-442, RRID:CVCL_B478)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Jurkat cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Jurkat</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HeLa or A549 cells were seeded at the density of 8,000 cells/well on 96-well culture plates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In brief, K562 target cells were pre-stained with the CellTrace™ CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s protocols.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>K562</div><div>suggested: NCI-DTP Cat# K-562, RRID:CVCL_0004)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">1 × 106 NK-92 cells were co-cultured with the same number of K562 cells (1 : 1 of effector : target [E : T] ratio) for 4 h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>NK-92</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In brief, Vero E6 cells were seeded on 96-well plates with 1 × 104 cells/well at 24 h prior to viral infection.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Recombinant DNA</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Four domains of SUPT16H, NTD, DD, MD and CTD, were cloned in pQCXIP (Clontech) with a N-terminal FLAG tag.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pQCXIP</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_15714)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Site-specific mutation of K674R was introduced in pQCXIP-FLAG-MD by using the QuikChange Lightning Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Agilent Technologies) following the manufacturer’s instructions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pQCXIP-FLAG-MD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">TIP60 shRNA (5’-TCG AAT TGT TTG GGC ACT GAT-3’) and firefly luciferase (FLuc) shRNA (5’-CAC AAA CGC TCT CAT CGA CAA G-3’) were cloned in a pAPM lentiviral vector as previously described (Huang et al., 2019).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pAPM</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">cis-reporting vectors of IFN activity, pISRE-Luc and pGAS-Luc, were purchased (Agilent Technologies).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pISRE-Luc</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HDAC1 was cloned in pcDNA-DEST40 with a C-terminal V5 tag.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pcDNA-DEST40</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">pLX317-EZH2-V5 expression vector was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pLX317-EZH2-V5</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">At 72 h post-transfection, cells were further transfected with pISRE-Luc or pGAS-Luc vector along with pRL-TK by using the TurboFect™ Transfection Reagent (Thermo Scientific) for 24 h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pGAS-Luc</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pRL-TK</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_11313)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The intensity of protein bands was quantified by using the ImageJ software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ImageJ</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Percentages of virus-infected cells was quantified by using the Gen5 Image+ software (BioTek).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Gen5 Image+</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Differential expression of genes was analyzed by DESeq2 (Love et al., 2014).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>DESeq2</div><div>suggested: (DESeq, RRID:SCR_000154)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">R packages, pheatmap and clusterProfiler, were used for heatmap construction and pathway analysis, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>clusterProfiler</div><div>suggested: (clusterProfiler, RRID:SCR_016884)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">MFI was calculated by using the FlowJo V10 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FlowJo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Results were presented as either means ± standard deviation (SD) or means ± standard error of the mean (SEM), and graphed by using the GraphPad Prism 9.0 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.18.440302: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Study approval: Animal experiments involving SARS-CoV-2 were conducted in a BSL3 facility and treatment of animals was in accordance with regulations outlined in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal Welfare Act and the conditions specified in the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institute of Health, 2011).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mice: Homozygous female outbred K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (2B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J, Stock No: 034860, Jackson laboratory) 6-8 weeks old were maintained at 20-22°C with relative humidity of 50 ± 10% on a 12hrs light/dark cycle.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mice were randomly assigned to experimental groups of 7-8 mice per group.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Purified anti-DYKDDDDK Tag Antibody (Cat#637302, BioLegend)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-DYKDDDDK</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 637302, RRID:AB_1134268)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following secondary antibodies were used: Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Cat#111-606-144, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 111-606-144, RRID:AB_2338083)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Afterwards, cells were washed in FACS buffer and stained with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated anti-human IgG secondary antibody.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were then washed, and an Alexa Fluor 647 Anti-Mouse IgG secondary antibody was added.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Generation of 293T-Spike cells: First, 293T cells were grown overnight in 6-well plates (2.2X105 cells/well).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The 293T-ACE2 cells lysate was prepared and 10 ug of it was incubated with RBD-Ig according to the manufacturer instructions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T-ACE2</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_YZ65)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Vero E6 cell monolayers were washed once with DMEM and 200µl of each dilution of protein-virus mixture was added in triplicates for 1 hour at 37°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sera were diluted to 1:500, 1:1K, 1:5K, 1:10K per well and added to 50,000 293T-Parental cells or 293T-Spike cells in a 96-U-well plate for 1 hour at 4°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T-Parental</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blocking with mice sera: Sera from the various immunized mice groups was diluted to 1:100 per well and added to 50K 293T-Parental cells or 293T-Spike cells in a 96-U-well plate for 1 hour at 4°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T-Spike</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Recombinant DNA</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The flag-tagged ACE2 was cloned into the plasmid pHAGE-DsRED(-) GFP(+).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pHAGE-DsRED(-</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">As a control we performed the same co-transfection but with the VSV-G envelope plasmid.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VSV-G</div><div>suggested: RRID:Addgene_138479)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistics: Statistical analysis were performed using either Prism 8 (GraphPad) or Excel (Microsoft).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Excel</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. ideological dichotomy

      This is defined as a sharp division of things or ideas into two contradictory parts.

    2. “It’s a lot easier to pull yourself up by your bootstraps, Mr. Man, if you already know how to fly!”

      One can draw parallels to DuBois telling Washington that he would be considered privileged due to the fcat that he can be considered part of the "Top Tenth" because of his education and connections.

    3. When you can fly, there’s no burden you can’t bear. When you can fly, gravity can’t touch you. When you can fly, you can do anything”.

      This reminds me of the ongoing metaphor in "Jubilee" of the slaves being cage birds. So with Augustus him having education, him being a free man, it gives him the ability to fly like a bird. Much like the age old saying the "the skies the limit".

    4. It limits the complexity and the roundedness of the characters

      Like he said there is not room to build a character, to have a struggle to have redemption arcs, because they are just meant to be a symbol because of the limited representation

    5. the reverberations of the 1992 Los Angeles riots

      The 1992 LA riots were caused because the LAPD had used excessive force in the arrest and beating of Rodney King, because of media it spread like wildfire.

    6. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, and Ta-Nehisi Coates and Cornel West, to Nas and Jay-Z and Cam Newton and Colin Kaepernick

      These are all prominent black men, from social activists, to philosophers, to rappers and athletes.

    7. ignorant and inexperienced

      Perhaps this could be because of the fact he was born into slavery which is why he tends to lean more on realism and not idealism much like DuBois

    8. the contamination and death of the worst.

      What did DuBois mean by this, what could be the contamination be? Maybe the struggle the rest of black Americans had to face in society

    9. “Talented Tenth.”

      Its name is talented tenth because it is referencing the able ten percent of black Americans that developed leadership capacity from higher education

    10. Du Bois was a proponent of liberal arts education and argued for full civil rights for Black people

      This is why DuBois had become one of Washington's biggest opponents because he did not believe in a "sitting duck" method, wanting to create change not waiting to be accepted.

    11. the South that the Negro is given a man’s chance in the commercial world

      This is reminding me after the emancipation proclamation and after the civil war when the south was in a time of reconstruction, they had given freed slaves the ability to have land in the Midwest and begin their agricultural journey. Could this be in reference?

    12. Washington contended that the rights and privileges of true citizenship for Black people could only be gained through gradual struggle and the development of marketable skills.

      I see Washington's philosophy as a form of assimilation and conformity to American society and to gradually comfort those with a negative view of black people.

    13. Educator Booker T. Washington was born into the institution of American chattel slavery.

      This plays a role in why Washington's philosophy is what it is

    14. The ideological dichotomy

      This just meaning the system of division of black and white Americans that many believed (and still do) believe in

    15. “The Negro Problem,”

      This being to fix the societal gap between black people and white people

    16. “The Talented Tenth,”

      The Talented Tenth is a term that designated a leadership class of African descendant Americans in the early 20th century

    17. Washington emphasizes the importance of achieving Black prosperity

      He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work and material prosperity

    18. changing his identity to be the son, grandson, and great-grandson of Augustus Freeman I.

      Represents how racial injustice continued throughout several generations just taking on various forms and altercations as time passed.

    19. a Black man who seeks to destroy the organization he once supported after he realizes their supposed Black outreach is actually a form of Black subjugation,

      Somewhat represents the idea of double-consciousness and even Washington, when he funded Jim Crow opposing organizations and Black newspapers.

    20. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X

      2 other figures with differing views but within the civil rights movement period. MLK advocated for confrontational and peaceful protests such as marches, boycotts, and sit-ins, while Malcom X promoted more violent approaches such as riots.

    21. While “The Atlanta Compromise” doesn’t directly critique Du Bois, Du Bois’s response deliberately excoriates Booker T. Washington’s stance.

      Just as the poem we had to annotate as well, Washington speaks his views first, and Du Bois follows with his rebuttal.

    22. He deemed agitation and civil unrest for the sake of social equality to be “the extremest [sic] folly,”

      Since Washington was born a slave, it's easier to understand why he has such views. He was born into an oppressive system and may not see a light at the end of the tunnel that Du Bois saw in which protesting for reform would bring him closer to.

    23. higher education

      One of the common grounds shared between Washington and Du Bois, both were highly-educated individuals.

    24. a co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

      My Harlem Renaissance figure, Ida B. Wells, was also a founder of the NAACP.

    25. “The Atlanta Compromise,”

      Washington was tasked with the objective to publicly speak to a majority-white crowd upon race relations and justice.

    26. Educator Booker T. Washington was born into the institution of American chattel slavery.

      Washington was born into slavery, which Du Bois was not. This differing factor could contribute to their differing views concerning the strive for racial equality.

    27. The debate over the best sociopolitical direction for African Americans not only crosses over to different generations but also crosses over to different forms of media.

      Refers to the various approaches to obtain racial equality presented from 2 different advocates. This problem has spread over generations and media outlets upon national coverage.

    28. in doing so often found many of their solutions standing in stark contrast to the ideas of their fellow Black intellectuals and activists.

      Introduction to the differing ideologies between activists Washington and Du Bois

    29. Freeman initially turns down Raquel’s request, and suggests that she and the other Black people of Dakota should pull themselves up by their own bootstraps, to which Raquel replies, “It’s a lot easier to pull yourself up by your bootstraps, Mr. Man, if you already know how to fly!”

      I personally think this is commentary on white privilege. Freeman doesn't see how difficult it is for Raquel, because he is born with a privilege that Raquel doesn't have.

    30. Augustus ages far slower than humans, allowing him to have lived through many major moments in American history

      This gives the writer an opportunity to talk about different events that have effected the black community.

    31. “Golden Age” of hip-hop combined with the reverberations of the 1992 Los Angeles riots to create an atmosphere of interracial conflict, cultural celebration, and sociopolitical tension

      Black culture became more and more a part of American culture. The social movements highly influenced American culture.

    32. His belief in access to liberal arts higher education stemmed from a belief in the potential for the Black intellectual elite to lead the race to prosperity and equality.

      More education would mean more opportunities for black people to get involved in politics and law discussions.

    33. “W.E.B.” Du Bois once supported Washington’s sociopolitical approach before becoming one of its, and his, strongest and loudest opponents

      This shows how as people do more research and look from different perspectives, their way of thinking can change.

    34. rather than seek access and opportunity through protest and civil unrest:

      It has been shown in history time and time again that the only way to get equal opportunities and rights is through protest, unrest, and fighting back.

    35. Washington contended that the rights and privileges of true citizenship for Black people could only be gained through gradual struggle and the development of marketable skills.

      He believed that in order for white people to get on the bandwagon of giving black people rights, they had to prove their effect on the economy.

    36. sociopolitical ideology and set of educational aspirations are best for the collective African American population.

      He gave a new way of looking and thinking about this discourse.

    37. most notable rendering of the debate between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois is in Milestone Media’s Icon written by Dwayne McDuffie and illustrated by MD Bright.

      Uses a different type of medium to confront the discourse between these two leaders.

    38. Booker T. Washington and Du Bois respectively.

      They had very different ideas of how to solve the racial issues in America.

    39. solutions standing in stark contrast to the ideas of their fellow Black intellectuals and activists.

      There were many ways Black Activists went about trying to fix this problem. Such as accommodating, fighting for equal rights, or just straight up leaving.

    40. Generations of Black writers and thinkers have taken to the task of solving what was coined “The Negro Problem,”

      The Negro Problem refers to the separation of Black People from American Culture.

    41. The Negro Race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education then, among Negroes, must first of all deal with the “Talented Tenth.”

      Educating the best minds of the race disseminates into the rest, allowing the general uplift of all.

    42. The Negro Problem

      It covers law, education, disenfranchisement, and Black Americans' place in American society.

    43. Raquel’s youthful perspective most often wins over Augustus whose once-immutable opinions are made malleable after learning more about the current condition of Black people in Dakota.

      Just like in irl, Raquel just like Dubois wins over people when faced with the truth concerning the problems of always abiding and assimilating in society.

    44. Icon provides a take on the generations-old debate that incorporates a popular medium the blends prose with sequential art.

      It incorporates the debates between Booker and Dubois but to a more modern audience to interpret

    45. Raquel’s final words are enough to change Augustus’s mind, and he agrees to their becoming Icon and Rocket.

      This shows the shift in ideas as Dubois Ideas became the center part for a lot of other black activist that came after him, such as MLK and Malcolm X

    46. underground railroad during slavery, fights for the Union in the Civil War, graduates from Fisk University during Reconstruction, lives in Harlem during the Renaissance, becomes an expatriate in France in the 1930s, and fights with the Allies is WWII.

      This in context helps young black kids understand the history with African involvement in America

    47. . Unlike Superman, whose similar origin puts him in the present-day Kansas farm of two loving white parents, the Milestone alien crash lands on a southern plantation in 1839.

      Contrast both characters as Superman landed in a happy time without any conflict in Kansas, while In Milestone, Icon lands in a southern planation where the brutal reality of slavery is taking place and mistreatment of blacks is the norm.

    48. music, politics, and energy of its time and indefatigably dedicated to authentic depictions of Blackness.

      Show that young black people can relate to characters with their culture and be able to see themselves with what they might not always get with other super heroes.

    49. increasing authentic representation of people of color

      At the time many of the times most famous pronounced super heroes were all white. With Captain America, Superman, and Batman to name a few.

    50. It limits the complexity and the roundedness of the characters.

      That solely writing a character to depict blacks also does no justice to the character as it makes the character bland, so therefore why he creates characters with complexity and with the character being black, it helps the black community in the long run as it does not show stereotypes nor have a white washing effect.

    51. Hughes’s essay delivers a lesson

      To teach that the black community can do anything no matter there skin religion and or gender

    52. monolithic depiction of Black people and Black culture

      Monolithic meaning not open to new ideas and remaining with the same old stereotypes and depictions of blacks in the past.

    53. With a focus on increasing authentic representation of people of color, Milestone Media created a world of splash pages and panels that is both inextricably bound to the music, politics, and energy of its time—much like the Black Arts Movement

      This site is here to help the Black community get more involved in poetry and music and other jobs that we may think only white people run

    54. “My problem—and I’ll speak as a writer now—with writing a black character in either the Marvel or DC universe is that he is not a man. He is a symbol. Like Wonder Woman—if you write Wonder Woman, she is all women

      I agree with this not a lot of people go out and say my favorite hero is Wonder woman or my favorite hero is Black panther. I think we need more male black hero's

    55. felt the paucity of characters of color, queer characters, and women characters within American comics needed to be addressed

      We need more hero's that are of different origin's I know of a few hero's that are black (Black Panther, Storm, and cyborg just to name a few.

    56. characters of color, queer characters, and women characters within American comics needed to be addressed.

      All of these things being prevalent as there was still issues with women rights, gays being shamed , and blacks still being discriminated and stereotyped.

    57. Black artist downtown became more and more isolated from that so-called ‘mainstream’ by the growing need to fully express [their] soul and mind connection with Black struggle in [their] art and in the street”.

      Shows me that black artists are dying down which isn't a good thing

    58. Cam Newton and Colin Kaepernick

      Here I see Cam Newton abiding by the NFL therefore assimilating to the white audience, while I see Colin Kaepernick using his freedom of speech to voice his opinions on black lives

    59. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X

      MLK taking the civil approach with civil protest, and Malcom X taking the violent riot approach of demanding rights now

    60. If white people are pleased we are glad.

      To me you shouldn't do something just to please someone do it because you like to do it

    61. confines of society.

      What I don't get is that if he came from a child hood where he was a slave and saw the impossible happen being the freedom of slaves, why not continue the ambitions of the slaves but instead continue to fight for their right stop be actually equal instead of being free, but confined by white society.

    62. Be stereotyped, don’t go too far, don’t shatter our illusions about you, don’t amuse us too seriously. We will pay you,’ say the whites.”

      Shows me that the whites don't understand where this young poet is coming from and now yawl want to be nice to him just doesn't make sense

    63. lack race should be to obtain marketable skills within the current confines of society.

      I can see why Booker T says this because after all he was a slave, when coming from an upbringing like that, all anybody would want is to just live life like how society already is instead of giving in for hope for change that might never come.

    64. The Negro artist works against an undertow of sharp criticism and misunderstanding from his own group and unintentional bribes from the whites.

      People are gonna hate you for what you do and that's the truth I make music and not everyone likes it but I'm still standing tall

    65. higher education

      Ironic how Booker T was the first one to set up a school for high education, which eventually led to Dubois getting his education and being Booker T biggest opponents.

    66. no great poet has ever been afraid of being himself

      This is true through everything like being a song writer don't be someone your not just because a certain crowd doesn't follow you be yourself and your time will come

    67. the young poet tells Hughes that he wants to be “a poet—not a Negro poet,” which Hughes takes to mean that, at best, the young poet seeks to downplay his race

      This shows me that this young poet doesn't believe in his race it shows me he is less confident about his race.

    68. founded for the higher education of African Americans.

      He wants blacks to accommodate yet founded a school for high education for African Americans, that clearly goes against what many whites think of about black people. In my opinion contradicts his own statement.

    69. After emancipation

      The order that gave freedom to slaves in 10 states during the civil war.

    70. provided them rather than seek access and opportunity through protest and civil unrest:

      This is where I would disagree with him, as not seeking for opportunity in itself is already bad advice as given an opportunity one should take it.

    71. A proponent of vocational education for Blacks, Washington contended that the rights and privileges of true citizenship for Black people could only be gained through gradual struggle and the development of marketable skills.

      This proves how Booker T Washington was living a double consciences, by living his life out but also pertaining to his white counterparts.

    72. over-century-old discourse

      pre civil war and post civil war

    73. The debate over the best sociopolitical direction for African Americans not only crosses over to different generations but also crosses over to different forms of media.

      This pertains with the many different activist with all differing views from one another

    74. civil disobedience

      With Civil disobedience I think of Martin Luther King

    75. reactive aggression

      Malcolm X

    76. isolation

      This being Dubois

    77. assimilation

      This being Booker T. Washington idea

    78. in doing so often found many of their solutions standing in stark contrast to the ideas of their fellow Black intellectuals and activists.

      The disputes between ideologies, such as Dubois and Booker T, with Dubois arguing for having his rights and equality now VS Booker wanting to accommodate.

    1. Some elements have no content and are called empty elements

      Which elements won't have a closing tag ? A possible answer might be elements that dont have any content. for example, img.

    1. The FBI said it has stopped using the "Black Identity Extremist" tag and acknowledged that white supremacist violence is the biggest terrorist threat this country faces.

      The way she looks at the audience to give the information is so powerful. The FBI took a big step to recognize what has been denied for years

    2. The FBI said it has stopped using the "Black Identity Extremist" tag and acknowledged that white supremacist violence is the biggest terrorist threat this country faces.

      I really love this because it seems very powerful just by the start

    1. That money gets spread out over many different projects. So even though the Curiosity rover had an astounding $2.6 billion price tag, each citizen only paid about about $0.41 per year to put the SUV-sized robot on Mars.

      I don't think "each" civilian paid for this rover because there has to be at least a few hundred people who did not pay.

    1. Kapolres Kendari Ciptakan Group Facebook untuk Jalin Silaturahmi

      Media sosial saat ini benar benar sudah menjadi dunia kedua bagi para penggunanya, dalam sebuah indicator beberapa platform sistem informasi , media sosial sudah menjadi sebuah barometer informasi dan juga sebagai ajang curhat bagi para penggunanya. Seperti halnya Facebook, Semua pengguna media sosial pasti mengenal nama Facebook walaupun tidak semuanya menyukai platform yang satu ini. Facebook dikenal sebagai platform media sosial yang paling banyak digunakan di indonesia dan sangat banyak sekali peminatnya, selain mudah dalam penggunaan , facebook juga dikenal sebagai paltform yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya adalah Fanpage dan Facebook Group. Kapolres Kendari yang saat ini dijabat oleh AKBP Didik Erfianto S.IK , juga memanfaatkan Platform Facebook Group, berdasarkan pantauan Group Facebook yang mempunya nama POLISI KENDARI ini sudah mempunyai ribuan member , di dalam group tersebut antara anggota polisi polres kendari saling membagikan informasi berupa tautan link dari sebuah website atau juga sebuah video. sehingga warga kendari dan juga masyarakat wilayah sultra tidak perlu lagi bingung jika ingin mencari informasi seputar kinerja Kepolisian Resort Kendari, karena setiap hari seluruh anggota Polres Kendari selalu membagikan informasi informasi terbaru. Beberapa komentar masyarat pada group tersebut terlihat jelas, bahwa inovasi atau strategi sederhana ini juga bisa digunakan sebagai ajang silaturohmi antara Anggota Polisi Kendari dan Warga Kendari. sehingga bisa mempersempit Hoaks atau berita berita bohong yang ada di wilayah kendari.

      Tidak cukup Sampai disitu Saja , Kapolres Kendari AKBP Didik Erfianto S.IK juga membuat sebuah Fanpage atau Halaman Facebook dengan nama Kapolres Kendari, dimana fanpage tersebut digunakan sebagai Admin dari group Facebook Polisi Kendari. Berdasarkan pantauan Fanpage Kapolres Kendari sangat Aktif, bahkan sekali posting kadang bisa mencapai Ratusan Ribu Reach Views atau jangkauan postingan pada fanpage tersebut. Dengan Strategi sederhana ini Kapolres Kendari berharap media sosial ini bisa digunakan sebagai ajang silaturohmi dan juga sebagai Viralisasi berita berita positif Kinerja Polisi Kendari

      https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info

      https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://www.kompasiana.com/bacasaja2670/607e0e0cd541df747d61c082/kapolres-kendari-ciptakan-group-facebook-untuk-jalin-silaturohmi https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/04/20/barometer-informasi-kapolres-kendari-gaungkan-fanpage-dan-facebook-group/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.co.id/2021/02/24/kapolres-kendari-terapkan-polri-presisi-puluhan-anggota-siap-jalani-tes-urin/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/pakarseo-surabaya/JuYnfMKavhycH0I/MwUfS016SK3OX58 https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/rekam-jejak-kapolres-kendari-akbp-didik-erfianto/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/topik/kapolres-kendari/ https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://www.kompasiana.com/tag/kapolres-kendari https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://bacasaja.info/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-silaturahmi-kamtibmas-ke-mui/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://halodunia.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-beri-arahan-dan-motivasi-kepada-para-kasi-humas/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.net/2021/04/19/kapolres-kendari-laksanakan-operasi-yustisi-secara-rutin-untuk-menekan-angka-covid-19/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.co.id/2021/04/16/kapolres-kendari-tindak-tegas-pelaku-balap-liar/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/ https://bacasaja.info/tag/kapolres-kendari/<br> https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5 https://tanyajawab.idntimes.com/baca-saja/H8NbevyDnvQQUS5<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/<br> https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://tribrata-news.kendari.sultra.polri.go.id/kapolres-kendari-release-ungkap-kasus-sabu-seberat-1-kg/ https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://halodunia.network/forum/kapolres-kendari-82205 https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://didikerfianto.com https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://bacasaja.today https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info https://pakarseo.info

    1. Been seeing this comment copy/pasted everywhere it's pathetic what people will do for thumbs up/awards on reviews, be original and make your own review. If you guys need proof go and look at NVL reviews, I saw it on another game a few weeks ago too.

      annoying

    1. Like a lot of reviews I write, I hope to come back to add on to this and embellish.

      never done; keeps wanting to continue edit/update

    2. Right now it's a matter of getting brass tacks up front and hopefully helping Feel-A-Maze get noticed.

      helping it gain attention/publicity

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.09.439147: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">PVDF membranes were treated with 6xHis Tag Monoclonal Antibody (3D5) HRP (Invitorogen, USA) for 6xHis-tagged proteins, and ANTI-FLAG M2-peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>M2-peroxidase</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A8592, RRID:AB_439702)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Then, serial diluted recombinant ACE2 (from 1 μg/ml to 0.06 μg/mL) (ab151852, abcam), subsequent rabbit anti ACE2 antibody (HPA000288, Atlas Antibodies) and HRP conjugated anti rabbit IgG (7074S, Cell signaling) were incubated.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>subsequent rabbit anti ACE2 antibody</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To detect K-874A binding to immobilized S protein, serial diluted K-874A (1 μg/ml to 0.002 μg/ml) in 1%BSA/PBS was incubated, and K-874A which bound to S protein was detected by HRP-conjugated anti VHH antibody (#128-035-232, Jackson immuno Research).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti VHH</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 binding on and early replication in Vero/TMPRSS2 cells: 2.5×104 TCID50 (MOI=50) of SARS-CoV-2 was incubated with 150 μg/ml of VHHs for 2 hours at 37°C and then 24 hours at 4°C and inoculated to 5.0×104 VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells for an hour.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VeroE6/TMPRSS2</div><div>suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The raw Illumina paired-end reads that passed through the Q30 filter were merged using PEAR software [21].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PEAR</div><div>suggested: (PEAR, RRID:SCR_003776)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The VHHs-encoding sequences were translated based on standard genetic code using MEGA X software [22].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MEGA X</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Equal numbers of ZsGreen-HiBiT-expressing cells and LgBiT-expressing cells were plated on a 96-well plate (1603101, ThermoFisher Science).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ThermoFisher Science</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Individual movies were subjected to per-frame drift correction by MotionCor2 [26].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MotionCor2</div><div>suggested: (MotionCor2, RRID:SCR_016499)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The contrast transfer function parameters of each micrograph were estimated using CTFFIND4 [27] and the flowing 2D and 3D classification, 3D refinement, and local resolution calculation were performed with RELION3.1 software [28].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>RELION3.1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The extracted density was used to generate the mask using “Mask creation” in RELION 3.1.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>RELION</div><div>suggested: (RELION, RRID:SCR_016274)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The homology models of K-874A, RBD and NTD were rigid-body-fitted into the map using the COOT [31] and then refined using PHENIX [32].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>COOT</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PHENIX</div><div>suggested: (Phenix, RRID:SCR_014224)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. It should be defined inline. If you are using the img tag, that image should have semantic value to the content, which is why the alt attribute is required for validation. If the image is to be part of the layout or template, you should use a tag other than the img tag and assign the image as a CSS background to the element. In this case, the image has no semantic meaning and therefore doesn't require the alt attribute. I'm fairly certain that most screen readers would not even know that a CSS image exists.

      I believed this when I first read it, but changed my mind when I read this good rebuttal: https://hyp.is/f1ndKJ5eEeu_IBtubiLybA/stackoverflow.com/questions/640190/image-width-height-as-an-attribute-or-in-css

    2. Neither question nor answer appears to understand the notion of semantic HTML. Height and width are presentational attributes regardless of where you put them. For semantics we establish what the image means to content in the alt tag. I don't remember why it was so important to width/height in the HTML but I suspect it was in case you hit browsers without CSS rendering. It's not a semantics issue. If anything it thwarts separation of concerns to a degree.

      claim: that the OP's question and this answer are incorrect

      Could we say that this answer (that this comment replies to) missed the point?

      I actually believed and thought this answer was spot on ... until I read this comment, and then I reversed my opinion.

    1. t is necessary to make the actual lookup possible.

      With notion i could do a tag, or entry classifier

    1. and even though there are plenty of additional characters to unlock, they’re ultimately only cosmetic, providing no real incentive to unlock them all

      only cosmetic

    1. What you want is not to detect if stdin is a pipe, but if stdin/stdout is a terminal.

      The OP wasn't wrong in exactly the way this comment implies: he didn't just ask how to detect whether stdin is a pipe. The OP actaully asked how to detect whether it is a terminal or a pipe. The only mistake he made, then, was in assuming those were the only two possible alternatives, when in fact there is (apparently) a 3rd one: that stdin is redirected from a file (not sure why the OS would need to treat that any differently from a pipe/stream but apparently it does).

      This omission is answered/corrected more clearly here:

      stdin can be a pipe or redirected from a file. Better to check if it is interactive than to check if it is not.

    2. stdin can be a pipe or redirected from a file. Better to check if it is interactive than to check if it is not.
    1. Humor is based on a sense of the unexpected, inexplicable, ridiculous and ironic. Dry humor can enhance these qualities to make things more humorous. For example, humor that is delivered as if it were not a joke may feel more surprising and odd.

      theory

      enhances these qualities

    1. I'm using this tag fo keep notes about the changes that need to be made now that Writefreely exists in its own organization on GitHub. See https://discuss.write.as/t/moving-the-writefreely-repo-on-github/2568

    1. By the way, the README file of the expect says there is a libexpect library that can be used to write programs on C/C++ which allows to avoid the use of TCL itself. But I'm afraid, this subject is beyond this article. Besides authors of expect themselves seem to prefer expect-scripts to the library.

      possible but doesn't seem preferred

      looking at what the authors themselves use

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.08.21254348: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IRB: Patient selection, samples and Institutional Review Board permits: Experiments were carried out following the ethical principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients (or their representatives) were informed about the study and gave a written informed consent.<br>IACUC: Implications for therapeutic decision-making” approved by La Princesa Health Research Institute Research Ethics Committee (register # 4070) were used; samples and data from patients with severe vs mild disease were provided by the Biobank Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (HUPHM)/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) (PT17/0015/0020 in the Spanish National Biobanks Network), they were processed following standard operating procedures with the appropriate approval of the Ethics and Scientific Committees.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Samples were stratified and randomly spliced into a training and a test set.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Beads were incubated with either rabbit anti-His-tag antibody (Proteintech Group) or plasma from patients or healthy donors in a final volume of 50 μl in 96-well-plates (Nunc™ MicroWell™ 96-Well, Thermo Fisher Scientific) using the dilutions indicated in each experiment.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To visualize antibody bound to antigen-coated beads, either PE-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody (0.25 μg/ml, Southern Biotech)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PE-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody ( 0.25 μg/ml , Southern Biotech)</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">, PE-conjugated anti-human IgG and IgM, or FITC-conjugated anti-human IgA antibody (Immunostep S.L.) were added (30 μL/well) and incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature under agitation.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IgM</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgA</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recombinant cDNAs coding for soluble S (residues 1 to 1208) and RBD (332 to 534) proteins were cloned in the pcDNA3.1 vector for expression in HEK-293F cells using standard transfection methods.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK-293F</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_6642)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analysis: To assess the prediction capacity of the new methodology, an algorithm was built using Scikit-learn python package [11] (code available on request).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Scikit-learn</div><div>suggested: (scikit-learn, RRID:SCR_002577)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>python</div><div>suggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Comparison between severe and mild patients in each variable was performed by multiple t-tests followed by False Discovery Rate (1%) correction by two-stage step-up method in Graph Pad Prism 8 Software (GraphPad Software, USA, www.graphpad.com).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
      In addition to an impact on early classification of patients, current limitations in the availability of vaccine doses suggest a novel possible application for sensitive multi-antigen assays for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. It has been shown that the antibody response to the first vaccine dose in individuals with pre-existing immunity is comparable or greater to that observed in naïve individuals who have been immunized twice [17]. Screening of the unvaccinated population with an assay sufficiently sensitive to identify individuals previously infected despite waning of antibody titres over time, would allow these individuals to be given the vaccine as a single booster, sparing them from possible suffering and complications after a second dose, and freeing up many urgently needed vaccine doses to be given to individuals with no protection. The test described here would also provide comprehensive information to support selection of convalescent sera or plasma for therapeutic use. Our data indicate the importance of this multi-antigen, multi-isotype analysis to detect potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in vaccinated individuals and suggest a possible use in establishing alternative vaccine administration routes that may elicit more potent IgA responses. This multi-antigen and multi-Ig assay can be easily modified for detection of antibodies in other fluids as saliva and breast milk. It is also highly tunable to different research needs, including detection of different immunoglobul...

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.08.438924: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Contamination: All cells were routinely checked to confirm the absence of mycoplasma contamination.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Bound proteins were eluted from the beads using the elute buffer [25 mM Tris pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% (w/v) DDM, 0.01% (w/v) CHS, and 250 ng/mL Flag peptide], and analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies for the Strep tag (HuaxingBio, HX1816) or His tag (TransGen, HT501)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HT501</div><div>suggested: (Transgen Biotech Cat# HT501, RRID:AB_2801417)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The results were analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies for the Flag tag (SIGMA, SLCD6338).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Flag tag (SIGMA, SLCD6338</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell culture: The HEK293T cell line was from EdiGene Inc., and Huh 7.5 cell line was from S.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">CRISPRa screening for SARS-CoV-2 entry factors: The HEK293T cells were engineered to stably express the CRISPRa system including lenti dCAS-VP64_Blast and lenti MS2-P65-HSF1_Hygro vectors, termed as HEK293T-CRISPRa cells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T-CRISPRa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Strep-tagged S6P spike protein was expressed in the HEK293F cells and purified as described previously (50).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293F</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_6642)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">GO enrichment and expression pattern analysis: The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of identified host factors (RRA score < 0.001) was performed using Metascape Resource (32).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Metascape</div><div>suggested: (Metascape, RRID:SCR_016620)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis of all data apart from CRISPRa screening was performed using GraphPad Prism software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 10 and 22. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. TTY is right there in the name, but this article makes no attempt to clarify what exactly the relationship between a pseudoterminal and a TTY. I feel like a whole paragraph about the relation to TTY would be warranted, including a link to TTY article, of course, which does link [back] to and explain some of the relation to pseudoterminal:

      In many computing contexts, "TTY" has become the name for any text terminal, such as an external console device, a user dialing into the system on a modem on a serial port device, a printing or graphical computer terminal on a computer's serial port or the RS-232 port on a USB-to-RS-232 converter attached to a computer's USB port, or even a terminal emulator application in the window system using a pseudoterminal device.

    1. If you want to run a full fletched linux OS on the ipad an option is to jailbreak the ipad and try to install linux. This is hard because Apple does not want you to and a failed installation might render the ipad useless. Also you will not be able to run any iOS apps anymore obviously.

      new tag?: jailbreaking a device

    1. Although echo "$@" prints the arguments with spaces in between, that's due to echo: it prints its arguments with spaces as separators.

      due to echo adding the spaces, not due to the spaces already being present

      Tag: not so much:

      whose responsibility is it? but more: what handles this / where does it come from? (how exactly should I word it?)

    1. Interesting to see how a simple request is actually a rather intricate little problem in the bigger scheme of things.

      an intricate piece of a larger system / problem / schema

    1. Strange that a game published in 2005 that is derivative of a classic would essentially get fired by its predecessor. I fail to see why I would ever play this instead of Carcassonne.
    2. You can't avoid the comparisons to Carcassonne even though the scoring mechanic is very different. It just looks the same, and the tile placement phase feels close enough to be familiar. However, this familiarity starts to nag at you, only adding to the frustration when tile placement is clumsy and luck-driven unlike Carcassonne. The comparison is not favourable for Fjords.
    3. There is a tendency in short luck-heavy games to require you to play multiple rounds in one sitting, to balance the scores. This is one such game. This multiple-rounds "mechanic" feels like an artificial fix for the problem of luck. Saboteur 1 and 2 advise the same thing because the different roles in the game are not balanced. ("Oh, well. I had the bad luck to draw the Profiteer character this time. Maybe I'll I'll draw a more useful character in round 2.") This doesn't change the fact that you are really playing a series of short unbalanced games. Scores will probably even out... statistically speaking. The Lost Cities card game tries to deal with the luck-problem in the same way.

      possibly rename: games: luck: managing/mitigating the luck to games: luck: dealing with/mitigating the luck problem

    1. Lag (2015:953) om kollektivtrafikresenärers rättigheter

      Kollektivtrafikresenärers rättigheter

      Lagen om kollektivtrafikresenärers rättigheter innehåller delar om tillgänglighet för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Lagen om kollektivtrafikresenärers rättigheter innehåller bestämmelser om reseinformation, ersättning och prisavdrag vid förseningar. Den innehåller också delar om att kunna säga upp periodbiljett vid resor i kollektivtrafik med tåg, spårvagn, tunnelbanetåg, buss och personbil. Enligt lagen har transportören en skyldighet att tillhandahålla information om en försening eller annan störning i trafiken och dess orsak, varaktighet och konsekvenser, resenärens rättigheter som finns i lagen transportörens allmänna avtalsvillkor, biljettpriser, tidtabeller och linjesträckningar, tillgänglighet till fordon, stationer och hållplatser, möjligheten att medföra cyklar och villkor för detta, säkerhets- och trygghetsfrågor hur transportören kan kontaktas. Information ska ges i den eller de former som är mest lämpliga för att resenärerna ska kunna ta del av informationen. Vid bedömningen av lämplig form ska särskild vikt läggas vid behoven hos personer med funktionsnedsättning. Konsumentverket har rätt att utfärda föreskrifter enligt lagen och har dessutom tillsynsansvar. Lag (2015:953) om kollektivtrafikresenärers rättigheter på riksdagens webbplats Senast granskad: 19 februari 2020 https://www.mfd.se/verktyg/lagar-och-regler-om-tillganglighet/transporter/kollektivtrafikresenarers-rattigheter/

    1. But other constraints in the horizon of intent have no external ana-logues. I may avoid doing certain things not because they aren't possible or because they are against the rules, but because I know that they are tacti-cally unwise. I could stand still in the batter's box after getting a hit in base-ball; however, I don't, because t hat would make it easier for an opposing player to tag me out. I could run straight into the maw of a boss during a boss battle; however, I don't, because I know that would get my character killed. My horizon of intent is defined not just by what I believe I can do, but also by what I believe I should do-my internal strategic constraints.

      The strategy in the game is not only what you want to do, but also what you should do. Because there are rules in the game, we should understand what we should do while having our own ideas.

    1. Author Response:

      We thank the editors and the reviewers for their positive assessment of our work.

      Reviewer #1 (Public Review):

      [...] One major concern is that the levels of protein expression and folding are not verified. This is concerning for the Gln118 mutation because lack of fitness could result trivially from misfolding or accelerated degradation that might result from increased flexibility and conformational stability. Moreover, the authors' finding that it was not possible to purify Gln118 mutant proteins for biochemical studies is consistent with this sort of trivial explanation for apparent lack of biological function.

      As described in the manuscript, the sidechain of Gln 118 makes hydrogen bonds with the backbone segment leading into an adjacent helix. We had omitted to point out in the original manuscript that Gln 118 is completely buried in thestructure (we now do so in the revised manuscript, on page 29). As shown by Worth and Blundell, buried polar sidechains that form backbone hydrogen bonds (as Gln 118 does) are highly conserved in proteins, and these polar sidechains are important for the stabilization of the protein architecture (Worth and Blundell BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:161). Thus, we do expect the mutation of Gln118 to destabilize the clamp loader structure. However, we do not find the identification of the importance of Gln118 to be a trivial finding, because the role of polar residues in maintaining structure is quite commonly linked to their functional role, making it difficult to separate the two effects. For example, the proximal histidine that links the F helix in hemoglobin to the iron atom is perhaps the most important residue for allosteric communication in hemoglobin. Mutation of the proximal histidine severely destabilizes hemoglobin, due to loss of heme binding and conversion to a molten globule state (see, for example, Brennan and Matthews, Hemoglobin, 21:393-403, 1997).

      It was an oversight for us to have not analyzed the effects of Q118 mutations on stability and function, and we have now rectified this. We now include the results of the following four experiments, in which we compare the expression of the mutant and wild-type forms of the clamp loader, their behavior on gel filtration analysis, and their activities in ATPase assays and DNA replication assays. These experiments demonstrate that the mutation most likely destabilizes the protein, and affects the nature of the assembled complex. These results further emphasize the crucial nature of the hydrogen-bonding interactions made by the Gln 118 sidechain.

      1) We created a clamp loader variant in which the ATPase subunit is C-terminally tagged with the fluorescent protein mCherry, allowing the expression levels of the proteins to be monitored by flow cytometry of E. coli cells. This experiment shows that introduction of the Q118N mutation leads to a very substantial reduction in protein expression (Figure 6 supplement 2 in the revised manuscript). An important point is that the proteins are expressed using a strong promoter (T7 RNA polymerase promoter), which was done so as to purify proteins for biochemical experimentation and also enable ready detection of the mCherry fluorescence. The natural T4 promoter that is used in the phage assay results in very low levels of protein expression (no detectable fluorescence signal when mCherry is fused to the ATPase subunit), and we do not know whether the expression defect that we see is also manifested under conditions where the protein expression is low. Nevertheless, the data do indicate that the Q118N mutation destabilizes the clamp loader complex.

      2) We purified mCherry tagged variants of the wild-type clamp-loader complex, the Q118N mutant complex, and the Q118N/I141L double mutant that has partial recovery of fitness in the phage propagation assay. SDS-PAGE analysis (not shown) confirms that all complexes have the ATPase and clasp subunits of the clamp loader in the proper 4:1 ratio. Gel filtration analysis shows that the wild-type complex corresponds to a single peak eluting at ~70 ml, which we assume corresponds to correctly assembled clamp loader (see Figure 9 supplement 1 in the revised manuscript). For both mutants, there is a peak at ~70 ml, corresponding to the properly assembled clamp loader, but also an additional peak that is close to the void volume of the column (~45 ml). For the Q118N mutant, the fraction of the protein corresponding to the properly assembled clamp loader is small. This fraction is substantially larger for the double mutant that has increased fitness (Q118N/I141L), indicating that one effect of the second mutation is to recover the ability of the clamp loader to assemble properly.

      3) We measured the rates of DNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis for purified and mCherry-tagged wild-type clamp loader and the Q118N mutant, as we had described in the original manuscript for several other mutants (Figure 9 supplement 2 in the revised manuscript). Addition of the mCherry tag to the wild-type clamp loader results in a slight reduction of the ATPase activity. The Q118N mutation has a very low rate of DNA-stimulated ATPase activity (less than 10% of activity of the wild-type mCherry-tagged clamp loader). These data indicate that even in the fraction of Q118N mutant that can be purified as part of an intact clamp loader complex, the mutation compromises the ability to hydrolyze ATP. This is likely to be due to the failure to assemble into a competent conformation.

      4) We measured the extent of plasmid DNA replication by the T4 replisome, using wild-type and mutant clamp loaders, as described in the original manuscript (Figure 9 supplement 3 in the revised manuscript). As for the ATPase assay, addition of the mCherry tag to the wild-type clamp loader results in a slight reduction of replication efficiency. Introduction of the Q118N mutation leads to a near-total loss of replication efficiency, to a level comparable to that seen in the absence of the clamp loader.

      The main text of the manuscript now includes a description of these new results, and the new data are included as supplementary figures.

      Reviewer #2 (Public Review):

      [...] One potential weakness is that among all the questions posed at the beginning of the study not all received a definitive answer. In particular, the question "To what extent does the mutational sensitivity of the system in a particular organism, carrying out the essential function of DNA replication, reflect the sequence diversity seen across the spread of life?" is only partially addressed.

      We agree that we have not fully probed the issue of evolutionary sequence diversity versus mutational sensitivity. We find it exciting that the two sets of data show clear divergence in certain positions, pointing to epistasis. This will be an exciting direction for future exploration.

      The second question, "The clamp loader subunits respond cooperatively to the clamp, ATP and DNA. How do the mechanisms underlying this cooperativity impose constraints on the sequence?", has not been answered and goes beyond the scope of this study.

      Answering this question requires the analysis of second-order mutations. We have demonstrated the feasibility of using the phage propagation assay for such analysis, but we agree with the reviewer that this is beyond the scope of the present study.

    1. game that uses the Micro Machines license to try and sucker people in that remember the old games.

      using attractive/familiar brand/name to lure customers

    1. Socializationallows users to share their personal collections and see who else isreading the same publications, including added information suchas related papers with the same keyword (or ‘‘tag’’) and what notesother people have written about a given publication.

      Compartir contenido de biblioteca digital, proceso de uso de información en la Web 2.0

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.06.438709: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">B-cell isolation and recombinant mAb production: Discovery and initial characterization of six antibodies in our panel was previously reported (S309 and S3044,17, S2X35, S2H13 and S2H1417, and S2E128), and six new antibodies are first described here (S2H97, S2X16, S2H58, S2D106, S2X58, S2X227).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>S2H1417</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>S2E128</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Epitope classes shown in Fig. 1a are defined as in Piccoli et al.17 Briefly, the classification of these epitope classes results from Octet binning experiments using structurally characterized antibodies, structural insights to define the recognition of open-only RBD and ability of antibodies to interfere with RBD binding to ACE2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were washed, and secondarily labeled with 1:200 PE-conjugated goat anti-human-IgG antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch 109-115-098) to label for bound antibody, and 1:100 FITC-conjugated chicken anti-Myc-tag (Immunology Consultants Lab, CYMC-45F) to label for RBD surface expression.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human-IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Myc-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">We sorted approximately 7.5e6 RBD+ cells per library on a BD FACSAria II, collecting yeast cells from the antibody-escape sort bin (fractions of library falling into antibody escape bin given in Extended Data Fig.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antibody-escape sort bin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sorted cells were recovered overnight, plasmids were extracted from the pre-sort and antibody-escape populations, and variant-identifier barcode sequences were PCR amplified and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 25003,28.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antibody-escape populations ,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">As previously described3,23, sequencing counts pre- and post-selection were used to estimate the “escape fraction” for each library variant, which reflects the fraction of yeast expressing a variant that fall into the antibody-escape FACS bin.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antibody-escape FACS bin .</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The interactive visualizations of antibody escape maps (https://jbloomlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_MAP_Vir_mAbs) were created using dms-view42.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>dms-view42</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Although we have various follow-up binding data illustrating reduced affinity binding for some “escaped” sarbecovirus RBDs, these follow-up experiments were not conducted systematically for all antibody/RBD combinations, and therefore would bias breadth estimates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antibody/RBD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">These antibodies and their citations include: S2X259, accompanying paper Tortorici et al. 2021; LY-CoV55521; COV2-2196 and COV2-213033; REGN10933, REGN10987, and LY-CoV01623; and all other COV2 antibodies and CR30223.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CR30223</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">2c incorporate the authentic SARS-CoV-2 neutralization IC50s as reported in this study (Fig. 1a), together with the live SARS-CoV-2 neuralization IC50s for the COV2 antibodies reported by Zost et al.10.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>COV2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">goat anti-human IgG secondary antibody (Southern Biotech, 2040-04) was added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>goat anti-human IgG secondary antibody</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: (SouthernBiotech Cat# 2040-04, RRID:AB_2795643)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Lenti-X 293T cells (Takara, 632180) were seeded in 10-cm dishes at a density of 1e5 cells/cm2 and the following day transfected with 5 μg of spike expression plasmid with TransIT-Lenti (Mirus, 6600) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">VeroE6 cells were used for VSV-SARS-CoV-2, VSV-SARS-CoV-1, and VSV-GD-Pangolin-CoV.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VeroE6</div><div>suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">BHK-21 cells stably expressing ACE2 were used for VSV-GX-Pangolin-CoV and VSV-WIV1.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BHK-21</div><div>suggested: ATCC Cat# CRL-6282, RRID:CVCL_1914)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 HexaPro Spike protein for cryoEM analysis was produced in HEK293F cells grown in suspension using FreeStyle 293 expression medium (Life Technologies) at 37°C in a humidified 8% CO2 incubator rotating at 130 r.p.m.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293F</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Escape clones were plaque-purified on Vero cells in the presence of mAb, and plaques in agarose plugs were amplified on MA104 cells with the mAb present in the medium.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Percent neutralization data were analyzed and graphed using Prism (GraphPad, v9.0.1)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Prism</div><div>suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The geometric mean from at least two independent experiments was calculated using Excel (Microsoft, Version 16.45)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Excel</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The gene sequence phylogeny was inferred using RAxML version 8.2.1249, with the GTRGAMMA substitution model and a partition model with separate parameters for first, second, and third codon positions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>RAxML</div><div>suggested: (RAxML, RRID:SCR_006086)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">2 was performed using the Python scikit-learn package.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Python</div><div>suggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>scikit-learn</div><div>suggested: (scikit-learn, RRID:SCR_002577)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">3D refinements were carried out using non-uniform refinement64 along with per-particle defocus refinement in CryoSPARC.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CryoSPARC</div><div>suggested: (cryoSPARC, RRID:SCR_016501)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mutant RBD:S309 complexes were constructed from the fully glycosylated WT RBD:S309 complex using PyMOL 2.3.5 (Schrödinger, LLC).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PyMOL</div><div>suggested: (PyMOL, RRID:SCR_000305)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The glycosylated proteins were parameterized with the Amber ff14SB74 and GLYCAM_06j-175 force fields.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Amber</div><div>suggested: (AMBER, RRID:SCR_016151)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Non-bonded interactions were treated with the Particle Mesh Ewald method79 using a real-space cutoff of 1.0 nm and the OpenMM default relative error tolerance of 0.0005, with grid spacing selected automatically.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>OpenMM</div><div>suggested: (OpenMM, RRID:SCR_000436)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.06.438579: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Formaldehyde fixed cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline and permeabilized for immunofluorescence using 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) fraction V (www.emdmillipore.com) and stained for SARS-CoV-2 with a primary anti-Nucleocapsid antibody (www.genetex.com GTX135357) labeled with AlexaFluor 594.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Nucleocapsid</div><div>suggested: (GeneTex Cat# GTX135357, RRID:AB_2868464)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Proteins in VLP and cell lysates were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE gels, transferred to PVDF membranes, and immunoblotted with the following antibodies (Fig 7A): mouse monoclonal anti-V5 tag (www.thermofisher.com, #R960-25), rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS M (generous gift of C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-V5</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# R960-25, RRID:AB_2556564)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SARS</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Primary antibodies were detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (www.bio-rad.com) or HRP-donkey anti-rabbit IgG (www.bio-rad.com) and Western Clarity detection reagent (www.bio-rad.com).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 antiviral test of amilorides: Vero E6 and Caco-2 were obtained from ATCC and grown in DMEM (www.corning.com) with 10% FBS, 10mM HEPES, and Penicillin-Streptomycin (www.thermofisher.com).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Caco-2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020 (www.beiresources.org) was propagated on Caco-2 cells and infectious units quantified by focus forming assay using Vero E6 (ATCC) cells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T cells were cultured in complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum and penicillin-streptomycin.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IC50 and CC50 were determined using the nonlinear regression analysis in GraphPad Prism 9 with the bottom and top parameters constrained to 0 and 100, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Chemiluminescence was detected using a Bio-Rad Chemi Doc imaging system and analyzed using Bio-Rad Image Lab v5.1 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Bio-Rad Image</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • No conflict of interest statement was detected. If there are no conflicts, we encourage authors to explicit state so.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. The diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.

      This is my annotation.

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.06.438614: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">, acetonitrile (ACN), ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), anti-FALG antibody, anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel, and neuraminidase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-FALG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-FLAG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>neuraminidase</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The SARS-CoV-2 S protein subunit 1 (His tag) expressed by HEK-293 cells were purchased from Sanyoubio (Shanghai,</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK-293</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300192/p777_HEK293, RRID:CVCL_0045)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The glycosites and glycoforms of S protein purified from HEK-293T cells were confirmed according to the mass spectrometry results of commercial S1 using a ‘match between runs’ analysis.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK-293T</div><div>suggested: CCLV Cat# CCLV-RIE 1018, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mass spectrometric data analysis: The LC-MS/MS raw data were analyzed manually for each glycopeptide using Xcalibur 3.0.63 (Thermo Fisher Scientific).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Xcalibur</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Xcalibur, RRID:SCR_014593)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All the MD simulations were performed using the Amber14 package(Case et al., 2014).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Amber14</div><div>suggested: (Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER, RRID:SCR_014230)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 29. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. Note: This rebuttal was posted by the corresponding author to Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

      Learn more at Review Commons


      Reply to the reviewers

      Response to Reviewers

      Title: "Towards deciphering the Nt17 code: How the sequence and conformation of the first 17 amino acids in Huntingtin regulate the aggregation, cellular properties, and neurotoxicity of mutant Httex1".

      Tracking #: RC-2021-00675 Authors: Vieweg et al.

      MAJOR COMMENTS from Referees #1, #2, and #3

      Referee #1

      General comments

      « The manuscript by Vieweg, Mahul-Mellier, Ruggeri et al., describes the role of the sequence and conformation of the extreme N-terminus of the Huntingtin protein in terms of aggregation and toxicity together with its relation to the polyglutamine length. The authors use some outstanding methods to ensure that the conclusions are based on good quality data. Overall, this is an excellent study.

      We thank the referee for the very positive feedback and for recognizing the quality of our work and his/her appreciation of our systematic approach to dissect the role of the Nt17 domain in regulating the aggregation, cellular properties, and neurotoxicity of mutant Httex1.

      “The manuscript is generally well written although it might benefit from reducing the length of the discussion section ».

      We thank the referee for his/her valuable comment. We have reduced by 10% the discussion as per requested.

      Major comments

      1) “For their in vitro data, the authors do not go beyond 42 polyglutamines. Is there any particular reason for that? The authors see a clear difference between 36Q and 42Q, but although not critical, it would have been useful to use longer repeats. In my view, the authors should at least discuss the rationale for this, particularly as in cellular models they do use 72Q constructs.”

      We thank the referee for raising this point.

      Most HD patients have a polyQ repeat stretch of 40-45 glutamines (1-4).

      In vitro, the use of Httex1 constructs consisting of 42 polyglutamine residues is sufficient to induce mutant Httex1 aggregation and fibril formation. Mutant Httex1 proteins with polyQ repeats of 72Q or higher are highly aggregation-prone and difficult to purify, handle, or disaggregates. This is why all of the in vitro aggregation studies are based on mutant Htt proteins with polyQ ranging from 23Q-53Q (5-14). We have reviewed the literature carefully and were unable to identify any in vitro studies with recombinant Htt proteins containing polyQ repeats of 72 or greater.

      In cells, induction of mature Htt inclusions requires much longer polyQ repeats. This is clearly reflected by the fact that most cellular studies use mutant Htt with polyQ repeats above 64Q and up to 160Q to induce the formation of cellular aggregates (10, 15-30).

      We have recently conducted a systematic study on the effect of the polyQ repeat length on Htt inclusion formation in cells https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226977v1 (21). Characterization of the inclusions by EM revealed that the polyQ tract length dramatically influences the ultrastructure properties and the architecture of the Httex1 inclusions in cells. The dark shell structure that delimitated the core from the periphery of the Httex1 72Q inclusions was absent in the Httex1 39Q inclusions. Also, the Httex1 39Q inclusions appeared less dense compared to that of the Httex1 72Q. Finally, no significant cell death was observed in HEK cells overexpressing 39Q constructs while overexpression of Httex1 72Q was toxic. For these reasons, we and others select to use Httex1 with polyQ repeat of 75 or higher.

      2) « The role of the N-terminus 17 aminoacids of huntingtin (Nt17) is addressed by comparing peptides with and without the Nt17 and their relation to the adjacent polyglutamine tract. Using this approach, the peptide without the Nt17 is composed of pure polyglutamines in its N-terminus, followed by the rest of exon 1 in its C-terminus. This is clearly the key comparison to address the role of the Nt17 in the context of an exon1 containing polyQ. »

      Yes. In fact, we did perform this experiment and assessed if the addition of the Nt17 would be sufficient to inhibit mutant Httex1 aggregation or make ΔNt17-Httex1 aggregate similar to Httex1. This data is included in the original version of the manuscript as Figure S5 in supporting material. We observed that that __the presence of the Nt17 peptide during the aggregation of ΔNt17-exon1 fibrils did not interfere with the aggregation kinetic of mutant Httex1 or alter the fibril morphology of ΔNt17-exon1,__ indicating that intramolecular interactions between the Nt17 domain and the adjacent polyQ tract are key determinants of mutant HTtex1 fibrillization and fibril morphology.

      Referee #2

      General comments

      This article describes the results from studies into mechanisms of the aggregation and toxicity of Htt Exon1 protein. The authors investigated the role of N17, polyQ length, M9C mutation, and phosphorylation. Multiple approaches were used that included biochemical protein design, biophysical measurements, and cell biological experiments with cultured mammalian cells. The authors demonstrate the effects of protein context on aggregation. Furthermore, the authors were able to visualize the aggregates in mammalian cells and in neurons using multiple methods. These are interesting data.

      We greatly appreciate the positive feedbacks on our data and our systematic and integrative approaches.

      There are several major weaknesses in the study. First problem is that most of the results related to aggregation mechanisms and toxicity are not original and incremental when compared to many previously published articles.

      We respectfully disagree with this assessment and suggestion that our studies are not original and represent only incremental advances.

      Originality

      Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the role of not only the sequence but also the conformational properties of the Nt17 domain in regulating the dynamics of Httex1 fibrillization, the kinetic fibril growth, the structure and morphology of Httex1 fibrils. Besides, we also addressed for the first time how the Nt17 domain and phosphorylation at different residues within this domain regulate the cellular uptake, subcellular localization (phosphorylated proteins) and toxicity of extracellular monomeric and fibrillar forms of mutant Httex1 in primary neurons. We are not aware of previous reports that have conducted similar studies addressing these questions and using multiple methods. Also, some of our findings using native Httex1 sequences are not in agreement with previous reports using Httex1 proteins fused to peptide/protein tags, thus underscoring the limitations of previous studies.

      1) We demonstrated that the Nt17 domain plays an important role in shaping the surface properties of mutant Httex1 fibrils and regulate their lateral association and cellular uptake. Our findings are not in agreement with previous findings published in eLife by Shen et al. __(10)__, where they reported that removal of the Nt17 domain has the opposite effect of what we observed in our study, i.e., ∆Nt17 promotes the formation of fibrils that exhibit a low tendency to laterally associated and form a “bundled” architecture (10). Careful examination of their constructs revealed that all the proteins they used contained a highly charged 15-mer peptide tag (S-tag: Lys-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln-His-Met-Asp-Ser) at the C-terminus of Httex1, which we believe would strongly influence the aggregation properties of the mainly uncharged ∆Nt17-Httex1 and Httex1 protein, thus possibly explaining the discrepancy between our findings and those of Shen et al (10). In fact, a previous study has shown that adding short peptide tags such as the HA or the LUM tag to mutant Htt171 changed the toxicity dramatically. In addition, we show that the subcellular localization of Htt171 expressed in cells (e.g: expression of Htt171 carrying the LUM tag was more toxic than untagged Htt171 and induced the formation of nuclear aggregates rather than the classical cytoplasmic aggregates) (31). The reference to this paper is now included and discussed in the main manuscript (page 11).

      Our observations __highlight__ the critical importance of using tag-free proteins to investigate the sequence and structural determinants of Httex1 aggregation and structure.

      2) Our study is the first to demonstrate that the Nt17 domain influences the relationship between fibril length and polyQ repeat length. This correlation disappears when the Nt17 is removed. This aspect of our work was not explored by Shen et al. (10), who limited their in vitro aggregation study to Httex1 wild-type and mutants (∆Nt17 or ∆PRD for Polyn Rich Domain).

      3) This is also the first study to assess the effect of modulating the helicity of Nt17 on fibrils growth and morphology and Httex1 cellular properties.

      1. a) Using the helix and membrane-binding disrupting mutation (M8P), we showed that disrupting the Nt17 helix (M8P mutation) slows the aggregation propensity of Httex1 in vitro but does not alter the morphology of the fibrils. In contrast, removing the Nt17 domain leads to a strong lateral association of the fibrillar aggregates with ribbon-like morphology. This demonstrated that the __Nt17 sequence, but not its helical structure, is the key determinant of the quaternary packing of Httex1 fibrils. Shen et al. (10) did not investigate the effect of modulating the helicity of Nt17 on fibrils growth and morphology using M8P mutant__.
      2. b) Our cellular studies comparing the membrane association and uptake of extracellularly added Httex1 43Q and M8P Httex1 43Q fibrils in primary rat striatal neurons showed that disrupting the Nt17 helix promotes the internalization of M8P Httex1 while Httex1 stays bound to the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that the Nt17 helical conformation persists in the fibrillar state or that the Nt17 domain regains its helical structure upon interaction with the plasma membrane resulting in the sequestration of Httex1 fibrils at the membrane and impeding their uptake. This aspect of our study has never been explored in previous studies.
      3. c) Using the site-specific bona fide phosphorylation on T3, S13, SS16, and both S13/S16, this is the first study that shows that modulation of the overall helicity of Httex1 through site-specific phosphorylation of the Nt17 domain (pT3 stabilizes the alpha-helical conformation of Nt17 while pS13 and/or pS16 disrupts it (9)) enhance the rapid uptake of extracellular Httex1 monomeric species into neurons and their nuclear accumulation. Previous studies relied on phosphomimetic mutations (32), which we have shown do not reproduce the effect of phosphorylation at these residues on the structure of Nt17 (8, 9). Shen et al. __(10) did not investigate the effect of modulating the helicity of Nt17 on fibrils growth and morphology using site-specific __phosphorylation of the Nt17 domain. 4) Our overexpression model in HEK cells showed that removing the Nt17 domain or disrupting its helical structure (M8P mutation) was sufficient to prevent the cell death induced by Httex1 72Q overexpression and reduce the number of cells with inclusions drastically. Our data indicate that the cell death level correlates with the number of cells that contain inclusions or the number of inclusions formed in the cells or/and their subcellular localization. In contrast to our results, Shen et al.,__(10)__ demonstrated that the overexpression of ΔN17-Httex1 induced toxicity at a similar level as the full-length Httex1 in striatal-derived neurons or neurons from cortical rat brain slices culture, although ΔN17-Httex1 led to a significant reduction of punctate structures in these cells. The discrepancy between these studies and our Httex1 overexpression model in HEK cells may be due to the fact that in neurons, Httex1 lacking the Nt17 domain accumulates in the nucleus. In contrast, in HEK, it stayed mostly cytosolic. In line with this hypothesis, it has been recently shown that cytosolic inclusions (Httex1 200Q) and nuclear aggregates (Httex1 90Q) contribute – to various extents – to the onset and the progression of the disease in a transgenic HD mice model (33). Thus, the difference in cellular localization but also the cell type (HEK vs. neurons) could influence the toxic response of the cells to the overexpression of ∆Nt17-Httex1, with toxicity triggered only by the nuclear ∆Nt17-Httex1 species.

      5) This is also the first study to investigate the role of the Nt17 domain and Nt17 PTMs in influencing the uptake, the subcellular localization, and the toxicity of extracellular Httex1 species (monomers and fibrils) in primary neurons. We showed that the helical propensity of Nt17 strongly influences the uptake of Httex1 fibrils into primary striatal neurons. At the same time, phosphorylation (at T3 or S13/S16) or removal of the Nt17 domain increased the uptake and accumulation of Httex1 fibrils into the nucleus and induced neuronal cell death. Our findings suggest that the Nt17 domain is exposed in the fibrillar state and is sufficiently dynamic to mediate fibril-membrane interactions and internalization.

      Altogether our results, combined with previous findings from our groups and others demonstrating the role of Nt17 in regulating Htt degradation (34-36), suggest that this domain serves as one of the key master regulators of Htt aggregation subcellular localization of the pathological aggregates, and their toxicity. They further demonstrate that targeting Nt17 represents a viable strategy for developing disease-modifying therapies to treat HD.

      Limitations of previous studies:

      Although the effects of the Nt17 domain in regulating Httex1 aggregation and cellular properties have been studied and reported on by other groups, we would like to stress that most of the published studies had major limitations and used protein constructs that do not share the sequence of native Httex1 and exhibit biophysical and cellular properties that differ from those of native Httex1 sequences.

      1) Many of the studies used Httex1-like model peptides (13, 37), which do not contain the complete sequence of Httex1 (e.g., Nt17 peptide (37)), contain additional solubilizing amino acids such as lysine residues(38-43) or are fused to large proteins (e.g., GST, YFP) (37).

      2) Other studies relied on artificial fusion constructs whereby the polyQ domain (44-46) or Httex1 itself (12, 47-61) are fused to large solubilizing protein tags, such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), maltose-binding protein (MBP) or thioredoxin (TRX) or C-terminal S-tag (10, 62, 63) or fluorescent proteins (e.g., GFP or YFP) (10, 15, 49, 64, 65) for the cellular studies.

      One of the major limitations of using fusion constructs as precursors for the generation of Httex1 (12, 47-61) is the requirement to cleave the fusion protein in situ by adding a protease to release and initiate the aggregation of Httex1. Enzyme-mediated cleavage of Httex1-fusion proteins often results in the incorporation of additional amino acids at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. This could alter the biophysical and biochemical properties of Httex1 because of the important role of the Nt17 domain and the proline-rich domain in regulating the conformational and aggregation properties of the protein (38, 40, 43, 65, 66). Moreover, it has been shown that commonly used enzymes such as trypsin and thrombin may lead to cleavages within the Nt17 domain and result in the generation of undesired Httex1 fragments (7, 42, 60). The net effect of incomplete and/or unspecific enzymatic cleavage of Httex1 fusion proteins is the generation of heterogeneous protein mixtures, which precludes accurate interpretation and comparison of aggregation and structural data across different laboratories.

      Moreover, several studies have shown that the fusion of small peptide tags or large fusion protein alters the aggregation of mutant Httex1 in vitro and in cells.

      1. We have previously shown that the presence of such tags (e.g., GST) alters the ultrastructural and biochemical properties of Httex1 as well as its aggregation properties in vitro (11).

      We have also recently completed a comprehensive assessment of the GFP tag's impact on the aggregation, inclusion formation, and cellular properties of Httex1 (preprint paper available in BioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226977v1 (21)). In this paper, we show that inclusions produced by mutant Httex1 72Q-GFP exhibit striking differences in terms of organization, ultrastructural properties, composition, and their impact on mitochondria functions as compared to the inclusions formed by the tag-free mutant Httex1 72Q. These findings highlight the critical importance of developing new tools that minimize the impact of large fluorescent proteins and/or label-free imaging methods and monitoring Htt aggregation in inclusion formation in cells.

      From Riguet et al., __(21)__. Influence of GFP on the ultrastructural properties of Httex1 cellular inclusions by Correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). CLEM of Httex1 72Q (+/-GFP) transfected in HEK 293 cells after 48h. Confocal images of A. Httex1 72Q and. B Httex1 72Q GFP, 48h after transfection. Httex1 expression (red) was detected using a specific primary antibody against the N-terminal part of Htt (amino acids 50-64) and the nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue). Electron micrographs of C. Httex1 72Q and D. Httex1 72Q GFP inclusions corresponding to confocal images panel A, and B (white square), respectively. Add-in binary images generated from electron micrographs by median filtering and Otsu intensity threshold. E. **Schematic depictions and original electron micrographs of cytoplasmic inclusions formed by native (tag-free) mutant Huntington exon1 proteins (Httex1 72Q, left) and the corresponding GFP fusion protein (Httex1 72Q-GFP).

      A recent study by Chongtham et al. (31) also supports our findings and shows that adding short peptide tags such as the HA or the LUM tag to mutant Htt171 changed dramatically the toxic properties of Htt171 as well as its subcellular localization and the compactness of the aggregates formed in cells (e.g.: expression of Htt171 carrying the LUM tag was more toxic than untagged Htt171 and induce the formation of nuclear aggregates rather than the classical cytoplasmic aggregates, See Figure 4).

      Figure 4 from Chongtham et al., __(31)__. The influence of peptide modifications on HTT171 fragment behavior. (A) When expressed ubiquitously with da>Gal4, the HTT171-120Q fragment exhibits little or no lethality, but appending either an HA ( ... YPYDVPDYA)oraLUMtag ( ... GCCPGCCGG) to the C-terminus dramatically increases the toxicity of the fragment. (B) Surviving adult flies expressing an HA-tagged HTT171 transgene exhibit about half the life span of those expressing untagged 171. Flies expressingLUM-tagged HTT171 do not survive to adulthood. (C) Flies expressing HA- or LUM-tagged 171 in tracheal cells show only modest increases in lethality that do not rise to the level of significance (P=0.12; 0.09), but the inclusion of tags changes the subcellular behavior significantly. (D) In contrast, in the prothoracic gland, expression of LUM-tagged 171 shows a significant increase in toxicity compared to 171 alone, while the HA-tagged 171 borders on significance (P=0.051). (E) In trachea, pure 171 forms cytoplasmic aggregates, while the inclusion of HA causes some HTT to become nuclear diffuse, and inclusion of the LUM tag causes the bulk of the HTT to appear as diffuse nuclear material with some cytoplasmic aggregates remaining when expressed with btl>Gal4 at 29◦C. (F) In the prothoracic gland, addition of the LUM tag causes aggregated- **cytoplasmic HTT to become weakly staining diffuse-cytoplasmic material while HTT171HA remains as extensive aggregates in the cytoplasm with a haze of diffuse staining as well. Scale bars are 10 μm

      Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate for the first time the role of the sequence and the conformational properties of the Nt17 domain in regulating the dynamics of Httex1 fibrillization, the structure and morphology of Httex1 fibrils using a tag-free Httex1 constructs. In our studies, we used multiple methods to examine the structural and cellular properties of these proteins under the same conditions and in the same cellular systems, thus making it possible to correlate the sequence, structural and cellular properties of the different Httex1 proteins (monomers and fibrils). We are happy to see that this was nicely recognized and appreciated by the referee.

      Referee #1 “The authors use some outstanding methods to ensure that the conclusions are based on good quality data. Overall, this is an excellent study.” Referee #3 “Their findings provided the precise information for the role of tag-free Nt17. The paper advanced our knowledge of Nt17, especially in the Huntington disease field.”

      Major comments

      Referee #2 raised the following concerns:

      1) « The main hypothesis of this study solely depends on the ability of N17 domain to enhance aggregation (Fig 1 and Fig 2). According to the method for the protein solubilization 1mM TCEP was added to ∆Htt-Ex1, but not to Htt-Ex1 proteins. It is necessary to rule out the potential effects of TCEP on aggregation assay. »

      We thank the referee for raising this important point. Indeed, we were also concerned about the potential effect of TCEP and conducted experiments to address this point. Our data show that TCEP does not affect our aggregation assay. This new panel is now included in supporting information as Figure S2A-B and mentioned in the corresponding section of the Material and method (page 29).

      2) « The author needs to provide biophysical data of the mutation and phosphorylated proteins with/without Tag. »

      All the proteins used in this study have been extensively characterized in recent publications from our lab __(9, 11, 21)__. All these papers are cited throughout our manuscript as well as in the material and method section.

      The expression, purification and characterization of native tag-free Httex1 with polyQ repeats ranging from 7 to 49Q has been fully described in Vieweg et al., 2016 __(11)__. In this paper, the aggregation properties of tag-free Httex1 and Httex1 fused to GST or MBP tags were compared by sedimentation assay, while the morphology and length of the resulting fibrils were compared by EM.

      The semisynthesis, purification, and characterization of Httex1 42Q phosphorylated at Ser-13 and/or Ser-16 or at T3 was described respectively in Deguire et al., 2018 __(9) and Chiki et al., 2017 (8)__. These studies include kinetics of aggregation and morphological assessment (i.e: heights and lengths) by EM and AFM of the fibrils formed by phosphorylated or unphosphorylated mutants Httex1.

      The Httex1 mutants carrying the GFP tag were not used in the in vitro studies but were studied in our overexpression-based cellular model. The direct comparison characterization of inclusion formation by tag-free and GFP-tagged mutant Httex1 and their impact on cellular homeostasis are fully described in a preprint paper available in BioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226977v1 (21). In this paper, we show that inclusions produced by mutant Httex1 72Q-GFP exhibit striking differences in terms of organization, ultrastructural properties, composition, and their impact on mitochondria functions as compared to the inclusions formed by the tag-free mutant Httex1 72Q. These findings highlight the critical importance of developing new tools that minimize the impact of large fluorescent proteins and/or label-free imaging methods and monitoring Htt aggregation in inclusion formation in cells.

      Referee #3

      General comments

      “Their findings provided the precise information for the role of tag-free Nt17.__ The paper advanced our knowledge of Nt17, especially in the Huntington disease field.”__

      We thank referee #3 for the very positive feedback and for recognizing the quality, depth and significance of our work and its potential impact in the field of Huntingtin disease.

      “However, the conceptual advance is limited.”

      We respectfully disagree with this assessment that the conceptual advance of our study is limited.

      Please see our detailed response to Referee #2 regarding our work's originality and novelty (pages 3-8, in our referees' letter).

      Major comments

      Referee #3 raised the following concerns:

      1) Finding of lateral association (bundling) of __Δ__Nt17-Httex1 fibrils is interesting.

      We agree and thank the referee for further highlighting this point.

      However, pathological significance is not clear

      We agree that the significance for delta 17 is not clear as we do not know whether this cleavage occurs in vivo or not. This is why we decided to extend our studies beyond the removal of Nt17 and investigated the effect of natural PTMs that are known to alter the sequence of Nt17 and modulate its helicity. One additional distinguishing feature of our work is that we used proteins (monomers and fibrils) that bear site-specific bona fide phosphorylation on T3, S13, SS16, and both S13/S16.

      1. a) Does even non-truncated form also increase this kind of bundling when polyQ is expanded? We have addressed this specific question in a previous study (11) in which we have compared the morphology and length of fibrils formed from Httex1 with polyQ tract from 23Q to 43Q. The increased lateral association was not observed for the fibrils generated from Httex1 43Q or Httex1 23Q, 29Q, or 37Q (Figure 5F) (11). Besides, in this paper, we were the first to show an inverse correlation between the polyQ-length and fibril length, which suggests structural differences between Httex1 proteins with different polyQ repeat lengths. Others have investigated Httex1 with different polyQ repeat, but not using tag-free Httex1 proteins, and they did not observe this inverse relationship between polyQ lenth and fibril length, as we did here and in our previous studies (11).

      2. b) When fibrils are added to striatal neurons like in Fig.5, is this structural feature preserved on the membrane or inside of the cells? We agree with the referee that this is an important point to address. However, deciphering the structural properties of the membrane-bound and internalized fibrils is not trivial, especially given the limited amount of unlabelled fibrils that are taken up by the cells. This would require extensive optimization of the CLEM technique or the use of an alternative approach such as tomography. Due to the resources and time required to address this important question, this part of the project will be included as part of future projects aimed at investigating the mechanisms of Htt seeding and propagation. We are not aware of any reports by other groups that monitor the structural changes of exogenous fibril after internalization into cells.

      3. c) When Httex1 fibrils species are expressed, is this bundling also observed? In fact, we have recently completed a comprehensive analysis of the comparison of the inclusions formed by mutant Httex1-72Q and ΔNt17 Httex1.

      In this study, we have shown that the expression of Httex1 72Q and the truncated form ΔNt17 Httex1 72Q form cytosolic inclusions of similar size and shape in HEK 293 (Figure 4). We have further characterized the architecture and organization of these inclusions at the ultrastructural level in the context of another project. Our findings are now available online (see Riguet et al., 2021, BioRxiv (21)).

      Using correlative light electron microscopy, we showed that the inclusions formed by Httex1 full length or lacking the Nt17 domain exhibited similar architecture and a ring-like organization. Interestingly, we showed the inclusions are composed of highly organized fibrillar network at the core and periphery of the inclusions. In cells inclusion formation is a multiphasic process driven by different phases of polyQ dependent aggregation processes and complex interactions with lipids, proteins and organelles (ER).

      Although CLEM approach in neurons provides very good contrast of cytosolic or nuclear inclusions, the resolution of this method is not sufficient to allow imaging at the level of individual fibrils and assessing their morphology. Differences between CLEM and EM resolution can be explained as the slices of the cellular objects are much thicker (~ 50 nm) than the fibrils prepared in vitro and directly deposited on the EM grids (the height of Httex1 pre-formed fibrils is between 5 and 7 nm). To improve the imaging and get a stronger contrast of de novo fibrils in our CLEM samples, we used a double-contrast method based on uranyl acetate and lead citrate stains. Nevertheless, the complex cellular environment and the presence of various cellular objects (e.g: organelles and proteins) surrounding the de novo fibrils might prevent the optimal stain penetration from allowing imaging at the level of individual fibrils. Finally, the preparation of the neuronal samples for CLEM imaging includes ethanol and detergents incubation and resin embedding. These steps can limit the ultrastructure detection of the de novo fibrils at the level of individual fibrils and therefore does not allow to determine their organization and their lateral association.

      1. d) What function (cell death, membrane integrity or others) is most correlated with this structural feature? In our extracellular model, we have shown that the conformation and sequence properties of the Nt17 domain are key determinants of the internalization and the subcellular localization of Httex1 fibrils in primary striatal neurons. Httex1 43Q fibrils mostly accumulate at the outer side of the neuronal plasma membrane, Httex1-ΔNt17 43Q fibrils were detected primarily in the nucleus and the M8P-Httex1 43Q fibrils were equally distributed in the cytosol and nucleus.

      Despite exhibiting completely different subcellular distribution and internalization levels, the 3 types of fibrils induced neuronal cell death with the highest toxicity observed for ∆Nt17-Httex1 (Figure 7).

      Our data suggest that the neurotoxic response is primarily dependent on the subcellular localization of the Httex1 species: 1) accumulation of the Httex1 43Q fibrils on the plasma membrane is likely to induce loss of membrane integrity, based on previous observation with aSyn fibrils; 2) the nuclear accumulation of ∆Nt17-Httex1 aggregates has been previously shown to be highly toxic in several cellular and animal models (10, 67, 68).

      Nevertheless, we could not rule out that the high toxicity of ΔNt17-Httex1 fibrils could also be due to their distinct biophysical and structural properties. ΔNt17-Httex1 forms broad fibrils characterized by lateral association, which could provide a surface for the sequestration of intracellular proteins.

      2) The authors claimed, “we investigated for the first time, the role of the Nt17 sequence, PTMs and conformation in regulating the internalization and cell-to-cell propagation of monomeric and fibrillar forms of mutant Httex1”. However, so far this reviewer understands that the authors studied the internalization but not cell-to-cell propagation.

      We agree and apologize for this mistake as we indeed only limited our study to the uptake, subcellular localization, and toxicity of extracellular Httex1 species in our primary neuronal model. The text has been amended, and cell-to-cell propagation has been removed from the abstract as well as in pages 2, 4, 12, and 17.

      Minor points for Referees #1, #2 and #3

      Referee #1

      1. « On page 6, the data on how the Nt17 domain affects Httex1 aggregation, the information on which figure it is referring to is missing. Done. The information regarding the Figure related to this data has now been added page 6.

      In Figure 1A, it is difficult to compare the data on Nt17 and DNt17, particularly for 36Q and 42Q, as the time axis are different. I understand that the kinetics are different, but particularly for the 42Q peptides (Nt17 and DNt17) as their kinetics are not that different, it may be useful to show them in the same panel. »

      Done. The new panel that combined the data on Nt17 and DNt17 has now been added as Figure S1B.

      Referee #2

      1) “Fig 8 the color codes for PolyQ and PolyP need to be corrected. »

      Done.

      2) “It is a challenging technical problem to produce proteins which are rich in Pro and Gln content. But there is not enough experimental details provided in the methods. Please add detailed procedures for expression and purification of these proteins. »

      We thank referee #2 for recognizing the technical challenges to express and produce Httex1 proteins and mutants. The expression, purification and characterization methods of all the proteins used in this manuscript have been extensively detailed in our previous studies (8, 9, 11, 69-71). We have now added the relevant references in the method section (page 29).

      Referee #3

      1) « Fig.3B arrowhead could not be seen. »

      Done. Arrowheads are now added to Fig. 3B.

      2) « Fig.4A: what do arrows mean? No scale bars? »

      The arrows indicate the aggregates formed in HEK cells overexpressing Httex1 39Q and 72Q. This now added to the legend section of the Figure 4.

      The scale bars are already present in both the main and the insets images.

      3) « Fig.5A:no scale bars? »

      Done. Scale bars were added in the 4 images where they were missing.

      4) « Fig.S3. Height and length seem to be wrong. »

      The measurement of height and length are performed as in literature (72), and are consistent with previous studies (8, 9, 11).

      5) « Fig.S6C: hard to compare. D: What is Htt2-90? Also in Fig.S13. »

      We thank the referee for bringing this to our attention and apologize for the lack of consistency in the names used for the proteins studied in Figures S6 and S13. We realized that in Figures S6 and S13 the names of the proteins have been either mislabelled due to the dash that was misplaced or the same proteins have been named in different ways. We agree that this makes it difficult to compare the data between the different panels. We have now corrected our mistakes and Figures S6B and S13 have been updated accordingly.

      The name Htt2-90 corresponds to Httex1 expressed from amino acid 2 to amino acid 90, with the first N-terminal methionine removed.

      6) « There are many abbreviations difficult to understand in supplement. » Fig.S1 Htt18-90(Q18C) etc.

      His6-Intein Ssp stands for the Intein tagged with Histidine amino acid (6 units)

      Htt18-90(Q18C) means Httex1 expressed from amino acid 18 to amino acid 90 with the Glutamine (Q) in position 18 mutated in a Cysteine (C).

      Htt2-17 means Httex1 synthesized from amino acid 2 to amino acid 17, with the first N-terminal methionine removed.

      Htt18-90(Q18A) corresponds to Httex1 expressed from amino acid 18 to amino acid 90 with the Q in position 18 mutated in an Alanine (A).

      References

      1. M. E. MacDonald, S. Gines, J. F. Gusella, V. C. Wheeler, Huntington’s Disease. NeuroMolecular Medicine 4, 7-20 (2003).
      2. S. E. Andrew et al., The relationship between trinucleotide (CAG) repeat length and clinical features of Huntington's disease. Nature genetics 4, 398-403 (1993).
      3. J. F. Gusella, M. E. MacDonald, Huntington's disease: the case for genetic modifiers. Genome Med 1, 80 (2009).
      4. J. M. Andresen et al., The relationship between CAG repeat length and age of onset differs for Huntington's disease patients with juvenile onset or adult onset. Ann Hum Genet 71, 295-301 (2007).
      5. A. S. Wagner et al., Self-assembly of Mutant Huntingtin Exon-1 Fragments into Large Complex Fibrillar Structures Involves Nucleated Branching. Journal of molecular biology 430, 1725-1744 (2018).
      6. Y. Sun, A. Savanenin, P. H. Reddy, Y. F. Liu, Polyglutamine-expanded Huntingtin Promotes Sensitization of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors via Post-synaptic Density 95. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 24713-24718 (2001).
      7. A. Ansaloni et al., One-pot semisynthesis of exon 1 of the Huntingtin protein: new tools for elucidating the role of posttranslational modifications in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 53, 1928-1933 (2014).
      8. A. Chiki et al., Mutant Exon1 Huntingtin Aggregation is Regulated by T3 Phosphorylation-Induced Structural Changes and Crosstalk between T3 Phosphorylation and Acetylation at K6. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 10.1002/anie.201611750, 1-6 (2017).
      9. S. M. DeGuire et al., N-terminal Huntingtin (Htt) phosphorylation is a molecular switch regulating Htt aggregation, helical conformation, internalization, and nuclear targeting. Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, 18540-18558 (2018).
      10. K. Shen et al., Control of the structural landscape and neuronal proteotoxicity of mutant Huntingtin by domains flanking the polyQ tract. eLife 5, 1-29 (2016).
      11. S. Vieweg, A. Ansaloni, Z. M. Wang, J. B. Warner, H. A. Lashuel, An intein-based strategy for the production of tag-free huntingtin exon 1 proteins enables new insights into the polyglutamine dependence of Httex1 aggregation and fibril formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 291, 12074-12086 (2016).
      12. J. Legleiter et al., Mutant huntingtin fragments form oligomers in a polyglutamine length-dependent manner in Vitro and in Vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 14777-14790 (2010).
      13. B. Sahoo, D. Singer, R. Kodali, T. Zuchner, R. Wetzel, Aggregation behavior of chemically synthesized, full-length huntingtin exon1. Biochemistry 53, 3897-3907 (2014).
      14. J. C. Boatz et al., Protofilament structure and supramolecular polymorphism of aggregated mutant huntingtin exon 1. Journal of molecular biology 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108334 (2020).
      15. F. J. B. Bäuerlein et al., In Situ Architecture and Cellular Interactions of PolyQ Inclusions. Cell 171, 179-187.e110 (2017).
      16. A. Iwata, B. E. Riley, J. A. Johnston, R. R. Kopito, HDAC6 and microtubules are required for autophagic degradation of aggregated Huntingtin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 40282-40292 (2005).
      17. M. Kim et al., Mutant Huntingtin Expression in Clonal Striatal Cells : Dissociation of Inclusion Formation and Neuronal Survival by Caspase Inhibition. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 19, 964-973 (1999).
      18. Y. E. Kim et al., Soluble Oligomers of PolyQ-Expanded Huntingtin Target a Multiplicity of Key Cellular Factors. Molecular cell 63, 950-964 (2016).
      19. H. Luo et al., Herp Promotes Degradation of Mutant Huntingtin: Involvement of the Proteasome and Molecular Chaperones. Molecular neurobiology 10.1007/s12035-018-0900-8 (2018).
      20. T. R. Peskett et al., A Liquid to Solid Phase Transition Underlying Pathological Huntingtin Exon1 Aggregation. Molecular cell 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.007, 1-14 (2018).
      21. N. Riguet et al., Disentangling the sequence, cellular and ultrastructural determinants of Huntingtin nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion formation. bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.07.29.226977, 2020.2007.2029.226977 (2020).
      22. K. Tagawa et al., Distinct aggregation and cell death patterns among different types of primary neurons induced by mutant huntingtin protein. Journal of Neurochemistry 89, 974-987 (2004).
      23. Z. Zheng, A. Li, B. B. Holmes, J. C. Marasa, M. I. Diamond, An N-terminal nuclear export signal regulates trafficking and aggregation of huntingtin (Htt) protein exon 1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, 6063-6071 (2013).
      24. S. W. Davies et al., Formation of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusions Underlies the Neurological Dysfunction in Mice Transgenic for the HD Mutation. Cell 90, 537-548 (1997).
      25. L. Mangiarini et al., Exon I of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice. Cell 87, 493-506 (1996).
      26. D. Martindale et al., Length of huntingtin and its polyglutamine tract influences localization and frequency of intracellular aggregates. Nature genetics 18, 150-154 (1998).
      27. J. Ochaba et al., PIAS1 Regulates Mutant Huntingtin Accumulation and Huntington's Disease-Associated Phenotypes In Vivo. Neuron 90, 507-520 (2016).
      28. G. Schilling et al., Intranuclear inclusions and neuritic aggregates in transgenic mice expressing a mutant N-terminal fragment of huntingtin. Human Molecular Genetics 8, 397-407 (1999).
      29. G. Matsumoto, S. Kim, R. I. Morimoto, Huntingtin and Mutant SOD1 Form Aggregate Structures with Distinct Huntingtin and Mutant SOD1 Form Aggregate Structures with Distinct Molecular Properties in Human Cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 281, 4477-4485 (2006).
      30. S. Waelter et al., Accumulation of mutant huntingtin fragments in aggresome-like inclusion bodies as a result of insufficient protein degradation. Molecular biology of the cell 12, 1393-1407 (2001).
      31. A. Chongtham et al., Effects of flanking sequences and cellular context on subcellular behavior and pathology of mutant HTT. Human molecular genetics 29, 674-688 (2020).
      32. T. Maiuri, T. Woloshansky, J. Xia, R. Truant, The huntingtin N17 domain is a multifunctional CRM1 and ran-dependent nuclear and cilial export signal. Human Molecular Genetics 22, 1383-1394 (2013).
      33. C. Landles et al., Subcellular Localization And Formation Of Huntingtin Aggregates Correlates With Symptom Onset And Progression In A Huntington’S Disease Model. Brain Communications 2 (2020).
      34. C. Cariulo et al., Phosphorylation of huntingtin at residue T3 is decreased in Huntington’s disease and modulates mutant huntingtin protein conformation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1705372114, 201705372-201705372 (2017).
      35. R. N. Hegde et al., TBK1 phosphorylates mutant Huntingtin and suppresses its aggregation and toxicity in Huntington's disease models. The EMBO journal 10.15252/embj.2020104671, e104671 (2020).
      36. L. M. Thompson et al., IKK phosphorylates Huntingtin and targets it for degradation by the proteasome and lysosome. Journal of Cell Biology 187, 1083-1099 (2009).
      37. R. S. Atwal et al., Kinase inhibitors modulate huntingtin cell localization and toxicity. Nature chemical biology 7, 453-460 (2011).
      38. A. Bhattacharyya et al., Oligoproline effects on polyglutamine conformation and aggregation. Journal of molecular biology 355, 524-535 (2006).
      39. S. Chen, V. Berthelier, W. Yang, R. Wetzel, Polyglutamine aggregation behavior in vitro supports a recruitment mechanism of cytotoxicity. Journal of molecular biology 311, 173-182 (2001).
      40. S. L. Crick, K. M. Ruff, K. Garai, C. Frieden, R. V. Pappu, Unmasking the roles of N- and C-terminal flanking sequences from exon 1 of huntingtin as modulators of polyglutamine aggregation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, 20075-20080 (2013).
      41. K. Kar, M. Jayaraman, B. Sahoo, R. Kodali, R. Wetzel, Critical nucleus size for disease-related polyglutamine aggregation is repeat-length dependent. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology 18, 328-336 (2011).
      42. R. Mishra et al., Serine phosphorylation suppresses huntingtin amyloid accumulation by altering protein aggregation properties. Journal of molecular biology 424, 1-14 (2012).
      43. A. K. Thakur et al., Polyglutamine disruption of the huntingtin exon1 N-terminus triggers a complex aggregation mechanism Ashwani. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16, 380-389 (2009).
      44. D. Bulone, L. Masino, D. J. Thomas, P. L. San Biagio, A. Pastore, The interplay between PolyQ and protein context delays aggregation by forming a reservoir of protofibrils. PloS one 1, e111 (2006).
      45. L. Masino, G. Kelly, K. Leonard, Y. Trottier, A. Pastore, Solution structure of polyglutamine tracts in GST-polyglutamine fusion proteins. FEBS Letters 513, 267-272 (2002).
      46. Y. Nagai et al., A toxic monomeric conformer of the polyglutamine protein. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology 14, 332-340 (2007).
      47. E. J. Bennett, N. F. Bence, R. Jayakumar, R. R. Kopito, Global Impairment of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System by Nuclear or Cytoplasmic Protein Aggregates Precedes Inclusion Body Formation. Molecular cell 17, 351-365 (2005).
      48. C. W. Bugg, J. M. Isas, T. Fischer, P. H. Patterson, R. Langen, Structural features and domain organization of huntingtin fibrils. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, 31739-31746 (2012).
      49. P. R. Dahlgren et al., Atomic force microscopy analysis of the Huntington protein nanofibril formation. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine 1, 52-57 (2005).
      50. W. C. Duim, Y. Jiang, K. Shen, J. Frydman, W. E. Moerner, Super-resolution fluorescence of huntingtin reveals growth of globular species into short fibers and coexistence of distinct aggregates. ACS Chemical Biology 9, 2767-2778 (2014).
      51. J. M. Isas, R. Langen, A. B. Siemer, Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance on the Static and Dynamic Domains of Huntingtin Exon-1 Fibrils. Biochemistry 54, 3942-3949 (2015).
      52. J. Legleiter et al., Monoclonal antibodies recognize distinct conformational epitopes formed by polyglutamine in a mutant huntingtin fragment. Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, 21647-21658 (2009).
      53. E. Monsellier, V. Redeker, G. Ruiz-Arlandis, L. Bousset, R. Melki, Molecular interaction between the chaperone Hsc70 and the N-terminal flank of huntingtin exon 1 modulates aggregation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 290, 2560-2576 (2015).
      54. P. J. Muchowski et al., Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperones can inhibit self-assembly of polyglutamine proteins into amyloid-like fibrils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, 7841-7846 (2000).
      55. Y. Nekooki-machida et al., Distinct conformations of in vitro and in vivo amyloids of huntingtin-exon1 show different cytotoxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, 9679-9684 (2009).
      56. L. G. Nucifora et al., Identification of novel potentially toxic oligomers formed in vitro from mammalian-derived expanded huntingtin exon-1 protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, 16017-16028 (2012).
      57. L. Pieri, K. Madiona, L. Bousset, R. Melki, Fibrillar α-synuclein and huntingtin exon 1 assemblies are toxic to the cells. Biophysical Journal 102, 2894-2905 (2012).
      58. M. A. Poirier et al., Huntingtin spheroids and protofibrils as precursors in polyglutamine fibrilization. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 41032-41037 (2002).
      59. E. Scherzinger et al., Huntingtin encoded polyglutamine expansions form amyloid-like protein aggregates in vitro and in vivo. Cell 90, 549-558 (1997).
      60. E. Scherzinger et al., Self-assembly of polyglutamine-containing huntingtin fragments into amyloid-like fibrils: implications for Huntington's disease pathology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, 4604-4609 (1999).
      61. J. L. Wacker, M. H. Zareie, H. Fong, M. Sarikaya, P. J. Muchowski, Hsp70 and Hsp40 attenuate formation of spherical and annular polyglutamine oligomers by partitioning monomer. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology 11, 1215-1222 (2004).
      62. M. Jayaraman et al., Kinetically competing huntingtin aggregation pathways control amyloid polymorphism and properties. Biochemistry 51, 2706-2716 (2012).
      63. A. K. Thakur, W. Yang, R. Wetzel, Inhibition of polyglutamine aggregate cytotoxicity by a structure-based elongation inhibitor. FASEB J 18, 923-925 (2004).
      64. D. W. Colby et al., Potent inhibition of huntingtin aggregation and cytotoxicity by a disulfide bond-free single-domain intracellular antibody. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 17616-17621 (2004).
      65. S. Tam, R. Geller, C. Spiess, J. Frydman, The chaperonin TRiC controls polyglutamine aggregation and toxicity through subunit-specific interactions. Nature Cell Biology 8, 1155-1162 (2006).
      66. R. S. Atwal et al., Huntingtin has a membrane association signal that can modulate huntingtin aggregation, nuclear entry and toxicity. Human Molecular Genetics 16, 2600-2615 (2007).
      67. X. Gu et al., N17 Modifies Mutant Huntingtin Nuclear Pathogenesis and Severity of Disease in HD BAC Transgenic Mice. Neuron 85, 726-741 (2015).
      68. M. B. Veldman et al., The N17 domain mitigates nuclear toxicity in a novel zebrafish Huntington's disease model. Molecular neurodegeneration 10, 67 (2015).
      69. M. s. Anass Chiki et al., One -pot Semi synthesis Of Exon1 Of The Mutant Huntingtin Protein : An Important Advance Towards Elucidating The Molecular And Structural Determinants Of Huntingtin's. Health and Biomedical, 1047-1047 (2014).
      70. A. Chiki et al., Site-specific phosphorylation of Huntingtin exon 1 recombinant proteins enabled by the discovery of novel kinases. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 10.1002/cbic.202000508 (2020).
      71. A. Reif, A. Chiki, J. Ricci, H. A. Lashuel, Generation of native, untagged huntingtin Exon1 monomer and fibrils using a SUMO fusion strategy. Journal of Visualized Experiments 2018, 1-9 (2018).
      72. F. S. Ruggeri, T. Šneideris, M. Vendruscolo, T. P. J. Knowles, Atomic force microscopy for single molecule characterisation of protein aggregation. Arch Biochem Biophys 664, 134-148 (2019).
    2. Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

      Learn more at Review Commons


      Referee #3

      Evidence, reproducibility and clarity

      The authors investigated the structural feature of N-terminal amino acid (Nt17) of Huntingtin, the gene product of Huntington disease. Nt17 was reported to play roles in modulating Huntingtin's aggregation, its life cycle, membrane binding and toxicity, however, those reports used tagged Nt17 and the authors thought the tags have the potential influence to the aggregation process and others and used tag-free Nt17-huntingtin exon1(Httex1) protein. Using Nt17 deleted Httex1 and mutant which disrupt helix conformation such as M8P, and phosphorylated Nt17, they found Nt17 sequence but not its helical conformation determined the morphology and growth of Httex1 fibrils in vitro. In cells, Nt17 sequence and its helical conformation influenced on aggregation propensity and toxic properties. Furthermore, the uptake o Httex1 into primary striatal neurons is influenced by the helical propensity of Nt17. They concluded Nt17 domain serves as the master regulator of Htt aggregation and toxicity. Their findings provided the precise information for the role of tag-free Nt17.

      Major concerns:

      1) Finding of lateral association(bundling) of ΔNt17-Httex1 fibrils is interesting. However, pathological significance is not clear. a) Does even non-truncated form also increase this kind of bundling when polyQ is expanded? b) When fibrils are added to striatal neurons like in Fig.5, is this structural feature preserved on the membrane or inside of the cells? c) When Httex1 fibrils species are expressed, is this bundling also observed? d) What function (cell death, membrane integrity or others) is most correlated with this structural feature?

      2) The authors claimed < we investigated for the first time, the role of the Nt17 sequence, PTMs and conformation in regulating the internalization and cell-to-cell propagation of monomeric and fibrillar forms of mutant Httex1.>. However, so far this reviewer understand, the authors studied the internalization but not cell-to-cell propagation.

      Minor points

      1) Fig.3B arrowhead could not be seen.

      2) Fig.4A: what do arrows mean? The insets are hard to identify. No scale bars?

      3) Fig.5A:no scale bars?

      4) Fig.S3. Height and length seem to be wrong.

      5) Fig.S6C: hard to compare. D:What is Htt2-90? Also in Fig.S13.

      6) There are many abbreviations difficult to understand in supplement. Fig.S1 Htt18-90(Q18C) etc.

      Significance

      The paper advanced our knowledge of Nt17, especially in the Huntington disease field. However, the conceptual advance is limited.

    3. Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

      Learn more at Review Commons


      Referee #2

      Evidence, reproducibility and clarity

      This article describes the results from studies into mechanisms of the aggregation and toxicity of Htt Exon1 protein. The authors investigated role of N17, polyQ length, M9C mutation, and phosphorylation. Multiple approaches were used that included biochemical protein design, biophysical measurements, and cell biological experiments with cultured mammalian cells. The authors demonstrates effects of protein context on aggregation. Furthermore, the authors were able to visualize the aggregates in mammalian cells and in neurons using multiple methods. These are interesting data, but there are several major weaknesses in the study. First problem is that most of the results related to aggregation mechanisms and toxicity are not original and incremental when compared to many previously published articles. Moreover, there are several problems in interpretation of obtained data and in making conclusions. Some of the most critical problems are listed below.

      • The main hypothesis of this study solely depends on the ability of N17 domain to enhance aggregation (Fig 1 and Fig 2). According to the method for the protein solubilization 1mM TCEP was added to ∆Htt-Ex1, but not to Htt-Ex1 proteins. It is necessary to rule out potential effects of TCEP on aggregation assay.
      • The author needs to provide biophysical data of the mutation and phosphorylated proteins with/without Tag. As stated by the authors, even the slight change in a protein context could lead to unexpected changes in structural behavior of a protein. Thus, importance of Tag needs to be evaluated.
      • It is a challenging technical problem to produce proteins which are rich in Pro and Gln content. But there is not enough experimental details provided in the methods. Please add detailed procedures for expression and purification of these proteins.
      • Fig 8 the color codes for PolyQ and PolyP need to be corrected.

      Significance

      This article describes the results from studies into mechanisms of the aggregation and toxicity of Htt Exon1 protein. The authors investigated role of N17, polyQ length, M9C mutation, and phosphorylation. Multiple approaches were used that included biochemical protein design, biophysical measurements, and cell biological experiments with cultured mammalian cells. The authors demonstrates effects of protein context on aggregation. Furthermore, the authors were able to visualize the aggregates in mammalian cells and in neurons using multiple methods. These are interesting data, but there are several major weaknesses in the study. First problem is that most of the results related to aggregation mechanisms and toxicity are not original and incremental when compared to many previously published articles. Moreover, there are several problems in interpretation of obtained data and in making conclusions. Some of the most critical problems are listed below.

      • The main hypothesis of this study solely depends on the ability of N17 domain to enhance aggregation (Fig 1 and Fig 2). According to the method for the protein solubilization 1mM TCEP was added to ∆Htt-Ex1, but not to Htt-Ex1 proteins. It is necessary to rule out potential effects of TCEP on aggregation assay.
      • The author needs to provide biophysical data of the mutation and phosphorylated proteins with/without Tag. As stated by the authors, even the slight change in a protein context could lead to unexpected changes in structural behavior of a protein. Thus, importance of Tag needs to be evaluated.
      • It is a challenging technical problem to produce proteins which are rich in Pro and Gln content. But there is not enough experimental details provided in the methods. Please add detailed procedures for expression and purification of these proteins.
      • Fig 8 the color codes for PolyQ and PolyP need to be corrected.
    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.06.438630: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IRB: Use of healthy volunteer PBMC for this project, including those from WBS, was ethically approved by the Cardiff University School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (SMREC) nos. 20/55 and 20/101.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibodies used were against HLA-ABC (W632; AbD Serotec), NCR3LG1/B7-H6 (MAB7144, Biotechne R&D Systems), Nectin 1 (R1.302; Biolegend), MICA (AMO1-100; BAMOMAB), MICB (BMO2-100; BAMOMAB), ULBP2 (BUMO1; BAMOMAB), Spike (1A9; Insight), Nucleocapsid (1C7; Stratech), anti-mouse IgG AF647 (Thermofisher).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HLA-ABC</div><div>suggested: (Leica Biosystems Cat# NCL-HLA-ABC, RRID:AB_563879)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MAB7144</div><div>suggested: (R and D Systems Cat# MAB7144, RRID:AB_2636810)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BMO2-100</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BAMOMAB</div><div>suggested: (BAMoMAB Cat# BM02-100, RRID:AB_2636812)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ULBP2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: (SouthernBiotech Cat# 1030-31, RRID:AB_2794301)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Target cells were harvested using TrypLE Express (Gibco), preincubated for 30 min with the relevant antibody or serum preparations, then mixed with PBMCs at an effector:target (E:T) ratio of 10:1 in the presence of GolgiStop (0.7 μl/ml, BD Biosciences), Brefeldin-A (1:1000, Biolegend) and anti-CD107a–FITC (clone H4A3, BioLegend).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Brefeldin-A</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-CD107a–FITC</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Primary antibody (anti-nucleocapsid 1C7, Stratech, 1:500 dilution) was added in PBST containing 1% non-fast milk and incubated for 1h at room temperature.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-nucleocapsid</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After washing in PBST, secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG-HRP, Pierce, 1:3,000 dilution) was added in PBST containing 1% non-fat milk and incubated for 1h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG-HRP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibody depletions: Anti-spike antibody was depleted from sera using magnetic bead conjugated spike trimer protein (Acrobiosystems).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-spike</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells and viruses: A549 were transduced with lentiviruses expressing human ACE2, and TMPRSS2 (AAT cells), as previously described 27.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The England2 strain of SARS-CoV2 was obtained from Public Health England (PHE), grown on VeroE6 cells, and titrated by plaque assay on both VeroE6 and AAT, as previously described27.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VeroE6</div><div>suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plasmids were midiprepped (Nucleobond Xtra Midi; Machery-Nagel), and transfected into 293T cells using GeneJuice (Merck) according to manufacturers’ instructions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Samples were loaded onto a trapping column (300μm x 5mm PepMap cartridge trap (Thermo Fisher)) at 10μL/min for 5 minutes at 60 degrees.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PepMap</div><div>suggested: (BioWorks, RRID:SCR_014594)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">During the gradient elution, mass spectra were acquired with the parameters detailed in Fig S4 using Tune v3.3 and Xcalibur v4.3 (Thermo Fisher).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Xcalibur</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Xcalibur, RRID:SCR_014593)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository74 with the dataset identifier PXD025000 and 10.6019/PXD025000.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PRIDE</div><div>suggested: (Pride-asap, RRID:SCR_012052)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Functional Annotation Clustering: Assessment of enriched gene annotation terms in temporal cluster one was carried out using the Functional Annotation Clustering tool at DAVID (david.ncifcrf.gov) v6.875, using the default clustering settings for medium stringency and the following libraries: Uniprot UP_Keyword, GOTERM:MF_ALL, BIOCARTA,, KEGG_PATHWAY and REACTOME_PATHWAY.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>DAVID</div><div>suggested: (DAVID, RRID:SCR_001881)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plasmids and transfections: Lentivirus plasmids encoding each SARS-CoV2 ORF individually, with a C-terminal twin-strep tag, were obtained from Addgene76.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Addgene76</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Target cells were harvested using TrypLE Express (Gibco), preincubated for 30 min with the relevant antibody or serum preparations, then mixed with PBMCs at an effector:target (E:T) ratio of 10:1 in the presence of GolgiStop (0.7 μl/ml, BD Biosciences), Brefeldin-A (1:1000, Biolegend) and anti-CD107a–FITC (clone H4A3, BioLegend).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BD Biosciences</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences, RRID:SCR_013311)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data were acquired using an AttuneNxT (Thermo Fisher) and analyzed with Attune NxT software or FlowJo software version 10 (Tree Star).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FlowJo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Where sera were tested at a range of dilutions, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using Graphpad Prism 9.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Graphpad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.02.437747: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Intermediate R&D preparations of swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 have been prepared, presenting variable anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding activities 17.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SARS-CoV-2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding activities 17</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Spike/ACE-2 neutralization assay: An assay was developed to assess the properties of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies to inhibit binding of ACE-2 to immobilized spike.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-Spike RBD antibodies diluted in PBS-Tween-0.05%-1% skimmed milk (dilution range between 50 and 0.39 µg/mL) were then added and incubated for 30 min.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Spike RBD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After 1h incubation at room temperature and 3 washes, the mouse Fc tag was revealed with a specific HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (diluted in in PBS-Tween-0.05%-1% skimmed milk powder at 1:1000, incubated 1h at RT and washed 3 times).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Viral stocks were generated using one passage of isolates on Vero cells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">CPE reduction assay was performed as follows: Vero E6 cells were seeded in 96-well clusters at a density of 5,000 cells/well 2 days before infection.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IC50 were analyzed by nonlinear regression using a four-parameter dosage-response variable slope model with the GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software (GraphPad Software, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04453384</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of XAV-19 in Patie…</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04469179</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Active, not recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of SAB-185 in Amb…</td></tr></table>


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. Which HTML tag I should use to enclose such notes to add a semantic meaning of a note that may be useful to read at a given point of a tutorial, but is not part of the main tutorial flow?
    2. A better description is in the specification itself. Why read secondary remarks when the source is written so good?
    3. I respectfully disagree with your assessment. You are referencing the quote "It's not appropriate to use the aside element just for parentheticals, since those are part of the main flow of the document." However the OP specifically said that they are looking for a semantic element for "a note that may be useful to read at a given point of a tutorial, but is not part of the main tutorial flow". That is what "aside" is for. It's not part of the main content flow.

      That's a tough one. I can see it both ways.

    4. An admonition is a parenthetical
    5. <aside> is appropriate if the side note "could be considered separate from the content"

      From a programmer's perspective:

      • It shouldn't be in an <aside>, if it is actually directly about what is in <main>
      • An <aside> should be able to be evaluated on its own, (almost entirely) in isolation from, and not dependent on anything in, the <main> content. This could be especially important/relevant for screen readers.
    6. <aside> is not appropriate if the side note is "a parenthetical". The W3C gives no examples of what it means.
    7. In my opinion, the W3C definition is unnecessarily confusing and restrictive. The dictionary definition of aside is "a temporary departure from a main theme or topic", and the spec should just stick to that, rather than introducing subtle distinctions.
    8. I believe the accepted answer is not quite correct. According to the HTML5 working draft, the <aside> element can be used to mark up side notes in certain, but not all cases:
    9. Of course, there is no reason why you can't use <aside> for all sidenotes, if it makes your code simpler. Think of it as civil disobedience. :)
    10. The dictionary definition of aside is "a temporary departure from a main theme or topic"
    1. Subsequent maintenance requires an expenditureof under US$10 per acre every two to three years

      It is truly sad that our country will dump so much money into infrastructure and politics but not conservation and ecosystem management. I know everything has a cost, but with so many billionaires and overall wealthy people in this country, conservation efforts should be one of the lead measures to consider. Putting a price tag on our ecosystems is just so disturbing. Without our biodiversity and ecosystems, money, politics and every other issue is completely irrelevant.

    1. Tangentially is defined as briefly mentioning a subject but not going into it in detail, or is defined as going off in a different direction.

      in the case of

      briefly mentioning a subject but not going into it in detail the topic/subject need not be related at all (it sounds like).

      What about in the case fo:

      is defined as going off in a different direction. Does the fact that it's going off in a different direction imply that it at least starts out connected/related to the original (starting point) subject (as it does in the geometry sense of tangential)? Or does it permit "jumping" to another topic (in another direction) without being related/connected at all??

      I don't think I like this definition very much. It doesn't quite fit the sense I'm trying to use it for in my tag:

      tangentially related content (aside)

      Ah, here's a definition that matches what I thought it meant (one of the senses anyway): https://hyp.is/3Bn2bpZ7Eeu3Ok8vg03AVA/www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tangential

    1. The digital tools many students have access to both inside and outside the classroom require us all to take a hard look at the way we use these tools in the context of learning experiences. It’s easy to get caught up with the shiniest, brightest, or most attention-grabbing digital device or website, but it is possible to pause, reflect, and prioritize tasks over digital tools in the classroom. Are we putting the learning first?

      This is a valid point, but it also creates an issue of equitability for students too. The digital world comes with a price tag that often has to be footed by underfunded school districts in order to make sure that all students have access to the tools.

    1. Exercise can tackle symptoms of schizophrenia

      Not only am I unsurprised by this, but I'd be surprised if it were otherwise. The logic is that schizophrenia is a sleep disorder, and exercise enhances sleep. Additionally, lack of movement is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, this poverty of movement may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia symptoms.

      I need to start a google search document with predictions prior to actually searching. It will slow down my research speed, but it is necessary in order to provide unbiased data on my intuitive understanding of diseases. It seems like the majority of my strong intuitions are true. Edit: I'll just record the search phrase in my hypothes.is notes. This one was "exercise schizophrenia"

    1. Bild 308

      1742

      20.10. Johann Gottlob Klotzsche, Benjamin Heinrich Klotzsche, 4 Jahre, 12 Wochen, 1 Tag

    1. We use an online editing program called ProofHQ, where you and our development team will review the rules, discuss ideas, and add comments and suggestions, so that these rules are of the same high quality as our other game rules. We have used this process for years, because integrating outside eyes and ears is an invaluable asset.

      having more eyes is better

    1. StrepMAB-Classic (murine Strep-tag® II specific monoclonal)

      DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108914

      Resource: (IBA GmbH Cat# 2-1507-001, RRID:AB_513133)

      Curator: @Naa003

      SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_513133


      What is this?

  2. Mar 2021
    1. Note: This rebuttal was posted by the corresponding author to Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

      Learn more at Review Commons


      Reply to the reviewers

      Overall, we were pleased that the reviewers found our study carefully designed and interesting. We have addressed their comments below.

      Reviewer #1 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity)

      The manuscript by Kern, et al., demonstrates that phagocytosis in macrophages is regulated in part by the intermolecular distance of phagocytosis-promoting receptors engaging phagocytic targets. Cells expressing chimeric receptors containing cytosolic domains of Fc receptors (FcR) and defined ligand-binding DNA domains were used to drive phagocytosis of opsonized glass beads coated with complementary DNA ligands of defined spacing and number. These so-called origami ligands allowed manipulation of receptor spacing following engagement, which allowed the demonstration that tight spacing of ligands (7 nm or 3.5 nm) optimized signaling for phagocytosis. The study is carefully performed and convincing. I have a few technical concerns and minor suggestions.

      1. It is assumed that the origami preparations were entirely uniform. How much variation was there? Is that supported by TIRF microscopy of origami preparations? Was the TIRF microscopy calibrated for uniformity of fluorescence (ie., shade correction)?

      Our laboratory, Dong et al., has extensively characterized the origami uniformity and robustness of these exact pegboards. This paper was just posted on bioRxiv (Dong et. al, 2021). We have also cited this paper in our revised manuscript in reference to the characterization of the DNA origami (Line 117).

      We did not use any shade correction. Instead we only collected data from a central ROI in our TIRF field. To check for uniformity of illumination, we plotted the origami pegboard fluorescent intensity along the x and y axis. We observed very modest drop off in signal - the average signal intensity of origamis within 100 pixels of the edge is 76 ± 6% the intensity of origamis in a 100 pixel square in the center of the ROI. Fitting this data with a Gaussian model resulted in very poor R values. While this may account for some of the variation in signal intensity at individual points, we expect the normalized averages of each condition to be unaffected. We have amended the methods to describe this strategy (Lines 851-854).

      [[images cannot be shown]]

      2. Likewise, how much variation was there in the expression of the chimeric receptors? Large variation in receptor numbers per cell could significantly alter the quantitative studies. Aside from the flow sorting for cells expressing two different molecules, how were cells selected for analysis?

      We thank the reviewer for bringing up this point. We confirmed comparable receptor expression levels at the cell cortex of the DNA CAR-𝛾 and the DNA CAR-adhesion used throughout the paper. We also have confirmed that receptor levels at the cell cortex were similar for the large DNA CAR constructs used in Figure 6C-D. This data is now included in Figures S5 and S7. We have also altered the text to include this (lines 169-172):

      Expression of the various DNA CARs at the cell cortex was comparable, and engulfment of beads functionalized with both the 4T and the 4S origami platforms was dependent on the Fc__𝛾R signaling domain (Figure S5).

      When quantifying bead engulfment, cells were selected for analysis based on a threshold of GFP fluorescence, which was held constant throughout analysis for each individual experiment. We have amended the “Quantification of engulfment” methods section to convey this (lines 921-923).

      3. The scale of the origami relative to the cells is difficult to discern in Figures 2C and D. Additional text would be helpful to indicate, for example, that the spots on the Fig. 2D inset indicate entire origami rather than ligand spots on individual origami particles.

      Thank you for pointing this out, we see how the legend was unclear and have corrected it (lines 453-454), including specifically noting “Each diffraction limited magenta spot represents an origami pegboard.” We have also outlined the cell boundary in yellow to make the cell size more clear.

      4. Figure 5 legend, line 482: How was macrophage membrane visualized for these measurements?

      We have added the following clarification (line 535-536): “The macrophage membrane was visualized using the DNA CAR__𝛾, which was present throughout the cell cortex.”

      5. line 265: "our data suggest that there may be a local density-dependent trigger for receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling". This threshold-dependent trigger response was also indicated in the study of Zhang, et al. 2010. PNAS.

      The Zhang et al. study was influential in our study design, and we wish to give the appropriate credit. Zhang et al. found that a sufficient amount of IgG is necessary to activate late (but not early) steps in the phagocytic signaling pathway. In contrast, our study addresses IgG concentration in small nanoclusters. We find that this nanoscale density affects receptor phosphorylation. Thus, we think these two studies are distinct and complementary.

      Lines 283-287 now read:

      While this model has largely fallen out of favor, more recent studies have found that a critical IgG threshold is needed to activate the final stages of phagocytosis (Zhang et al., 2010). Our data suggest that there may also be a nanoscale density-dependent trigger for receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling.

      6. line 55: Rephrase, “we found that a minimum threshold of 8 ligands per cluster maximized FcgR-driven engulfment.” It is difficult to picture how a minimum threshold maximizes something.

      We now state “we found that 8 or more ligands per cluster maximized FcgR-driven engulfment.”

      7. line 184: Rephrase, "we created... pegboards with very high-affinity DNA ligands that are predicted not to dissociate on a time scale of >7 hr". Remove "not".

      Thank you for pointing this out, it is now correct.

      Reviewer #1 (Significance):

      This study provides a significant advance in understanding about the molecular mechanisms of signaling for particle ingestion by phagocytosis.


      Reviewer #2 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity):

      The manuscript on “Tight nanoscale clustering of Fcg-receptors using DNA origami promotes phagocytosis" studies how clustering and nanoscale spacing of ligand molecules for a chimeric Fcg-receptors influence the phagocytosis of functionalized silicon beads by macrophage cell lines. The basis of this study is the design of a chimeric Fc-receptor (DNA-CARg) comprising an extracellular SNAP-tag domain that can be loaded with single-stranded (ss) DNA, the transmembrane part of CD86 and the cytosolic part of the Fc-receptor g-chain containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) as well as a C-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP). As control the authors used a similar designed DNA-CAR that is lacking the intracellular ITAM-containing FCg tail. The chosen target for this chimeric DNA-CAR, are silicon beads covered by a lipid bilayer that contains biotin-labelled lipids that, via Neutravidin, can be loaded with a biotinylated DNA origami pegboard displaying complimentary ss-DNA as ligand for the DNA-CAR. The DNA origami pegboard contains four ATTO647N fluorescence for visualization and the ssDNA ligand in different quantities and spacing.

      Using these principles, the authors study how ligand affinity, concentration and spacing influence the activation of the DNA-CARg and the engulfment of the loaded beads.

      The authors show that bead engulfment is increased between 2 till 8 ssDNA ligands on the pegboard. After this, ligand numbers do not play a role anymore in the engulfment. They then study the role of the ligand spacing using pegboards that either contain 4 single strand DNA ligands in close (7nm/3,5nm) proximity or a more spaced version using 21/17,5 nm or 35/38,5 nm. The authors find that the bead engulfment is maximally and positively affected by the close spacing of the ssDNA ligands. In their final experiments the authors vary the design of the DNA-CARs by tetramerization of the ITAM-containing Fcg-signaling subunit. In their discussion the authors mention different possibilities for the effect of spacing on the engulfment process.

      I think that, in general, this is an interesting study. However, it has some caveats and open issues that should be clarified before its publication.

      Major comments

      1. As a general comment, it is somewhat a pity that the authors did not use the endogenous FcR as a control. It would have been quite easy for the authors to place the SNAP-tag domain on the Fcg extracellular domain which would allow to do all their experiments in parallel, not only with the DNA-CAR, but also with a DNA-containing wild type receptor. Such a control would be important because, by using a CD86 transmembrane domain, the authors do not know whether the nanoscale localization of their chimeric receptors is reflecting that of the endogenous Fcg receptor.**

      We agree with the reviewer completely. We have repeated experiments shown in Figure 4A with a DNA-CAR containing the Fc𝛾 transmembrane domain instead of CD86 as the reviewer suggests. We also included a DNA-CAR version of the Fc𝛾R1 alpha chain, although this construct was not expressed as well as the others. These data are now included in Figure S5, and referenced in lines 167-168.

      2. An important issue that is discussed by the authors but not addressed in this manuscript is whether the different amount and spacing of the ligand is only impacting on signaling or also on the mechanical stress of the cells. Indeed, mechanical stress on the cytoskeleton arrangement could influence the engulfment process. For this, it would be very important to test that the different bead engulfment, for example, those shown in Fig. 4, is strictly dependent on signaling kinases. The authors should repeat the experiment of Fig. 4 a and b in the presence or absence of kinase inhibitors such as the Syk inhibitor R406 or the Src inhibitor PP2 to show whether the different phase of engulfment is dependent on the signaling function of these kinases. This crucial experiment is clearly missing from their study.

      We agree this is an interesting point. We find that ligand spacing affects receptor phosphorylation; however this does not preclude effects on downstream aspects of the signaling pathway. We will clarify this by adding the following comment to the manuscript (line 299-301):

      While our data pinpoints a role for ligand spacing in regulating receptor phosphorylation, it is possible that later steps in the phagocytic signaling pathway are also directly affected by ligand spacing.

      The DNA-CAR-adhesion in Figure 1 strongly suggests that intracellular signaling is essential for phagocytosis. We have now included additional controls using this construct as detailed in our response to point 3 below. Unfortunately, Src and Syk inhibitors or knockout abrogate Fc𝛾R mediated phagocytosis (for example, PMIDs 11698501, 9632805, 12176909, 15136586) and thus would eliminate phagocytosis in both the 4T and 4S conditions. This precludes analysis of downstream steps in the phagocytic signaling pathway.

      3. Another problem of this study is that the authors show in Fig. 1A the control DNA-CAR-adhesion but then hardly use it in their study. For example, the crucial experiments shown in Fig. 4 should be conducted in parallel with DNA-CAR-adhesion expressing macrophage cells. This study could provide another indication whether or not ITAM signaling is important for the engulfment process.

      We have added this control. It is now included in Figure S5 and S7. Figure 3D also shows that the DNA-CAR-adhesion combined with the 4T origami pegboards does not activate phagocytosis and we have amended the text to make this more clear (line 152).

      4. Another important aspect is how the concentration of the loaded origami pegboard is influencing the engulfment process. In particular, it would be interesting to show the padlocks with different spacings such as the 4T closed spacing versus 4s large spacing show a different dependency on the concentration of this padlock loading on the beads. This would be another important experiment to add to their study.**

      We agree that this is an interesting question. We suspect that at a very high origami density, 4S signaling would improve, and potentially approach the 4T. However, we are currently coating the beads in saturating levels of origami pegboards. Thus we cannot increase origami pegboard density and address this directly.

      Minor comments:

      1. The definition of the ITAM is Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif and not "Immune Tyrosine Activation Motif" as stated by the authors.

      We have corrected this.

      2. The authors discuss that it is the segregation of the inhibitory phosphatase CD45 from the clustered Fc receptors is the major mechanism explaining their finding that 4T closed spacing is more effective than 4s large spacing. With the event of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology it is trivial to delete the CD45 gene in the genome of the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line used in this study and I am puzzled why they author are not conducting such a simple but for their study very important experiment (it takes only 1-2 month to get the results).

      This experiment may be informative but we have two concerns about its feasibility. First, CD45 is a phosphatase with many different roles in macrophage biology, including activating Src family kinases by dephosphorylating inhibitory phosphorylation sites (PMID 8175795, 18249142, 12414720). Second, CD45 is not the only bulky phosphatase segregated from receptor nanoclusters. For example, CD148 is also excluded from the phagocytic synapse (PMID 21525931). CD45 and CD148 double knockout macrophages show hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory tyrosine on Src family kinases, severe inhibition of phagocytosis, and an overall decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation (PMID 18249142). CD45 knockout alone showed mild phenotypes in macrophages. We anticipate that knocking out CD45 alone would have little effect, and knocking out both of these phosphatases would preclude analysis of phagocytosis. Because of our feasibility concerns and the lengthy timeline for this experiment, we believe this is outside of the scope of our study.

      In our discussion, we simplistically described our possible models in terms of CD45 exclusion, as the mechanisms of CD45 exclusion have been well characterized. This was an error and we have amended our discussion to read (lines 335-343):

      As an alternative model, a denser cluster of ligated receptors may enhance the steric exclusion of the bulky transmembrane proteins like the phosphatases CD45 and CD148 (Bakalar et al., 2018; Goodridge et al., 2012; Zhu, Brdicka, Katsumoto, Lin, & Weiss, 2008).

      Reviewer #2 (Significance):

      The innovative part of this study is the combination of SNAP-tag attached, chimeric Fc-receptor with the DNA origami pegboard technology to address important open question on receptor function.

      Referees cross-commenting

      I find most of my three reviewing colleagues reasonable I also agrée to Reviewer #1 comments 2

      Likewise, how much variation was there in the expression of the chimeric receptors?

      Large variation in receptor numbers per cell could significantly alter the quantitative studies. Aside from the flow sorting for cells expressing two different molecules, how were cells selected for analysis?

      But I want to add it is not only the amount of receptors but ils the nanoscale location that is key to receptor function

      We have ensured that all receptors are trafficked to the cell surface. We have also measured their intensity at the cell cortex as discussed in response to Reviewer 1.

      Reviewer #3 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity):

      This is a very nicely done synthetic biology/biophysics study on the effect of ligands spacing on phagocytosis. They use a DNA based recognition system that the group has previously use to investigate T cell signaling, but express the SNAP tag linked transmembrane receptor in a macrophage cell line and present the ligands using DNA origami mats to control the number and spacing of complementary ligands that are designed to be in the typical range for low or high affinity FcR, a receptor that can trigger phagocytosis. The study offers some very nice quantitative data sets that will be of immediate interest to groups working in this area and, in the future, for design of synthetic receptors for immunotherapy applications. Other groups are working on similar platform for TCR. I don't feel there is any need for more experiments, but I have some questions and suggestions. Answering and considering these could clarify the new biological knowledge gained.

      We thank the reviewer for their support of our manuscript. Given the reviewer’s statement that no new experiments are required, we have answered their questions to the best of our ability given the current data. Should the editor decide that any of these topics require experimental data to enhance the significance of the paper, we are happy to discuss new experiments.

      Reviewer #3 (Significance):

      I think the significance would be increased by addressing these questions, that would help understand how the synthesis system described related to other system directed as similar questions and more natural settings.

      1.The densities of the freely mobile DNA ligands required to trigger phagocytosis is quite high. Was the length of the DNA duplexes optimized? The entire complex for both the intermediate and high affinity duplexes seems quite short, perhaps <10 nm. Might the stimulation be more efficient if a short stretch of DS DNA is added to increase the length to 12-13 nm?

      The extracellular domain of the DNA-CAR (SNAP tag and ssDNA strand) are approximately 10 nm (PMID 28340336). The biotinylated ligand ssDNA is attached to the bilayer via neutravidin, resulting in a predicted 14 nm intermembrane spacing. The endogenous IgG FcR complex is 11.5 nm. Bakalar et al (PMID 29958103) tested the effect of antigen height on phagocytosis and found that the shortest intermembrane distance tested (approximately 15 nm) was the most effective. As the reviewer notes, the optimal distance between macrophage and target may be larger than our DNA-CAR. However we think the intermembrane spacing in our system is within the biologically relevant range.

      We saw robust phagocytosis at 300 molecules/micron of ssDNA, which is similar to the IgG density used on supported lipid bilayer-coated beads in other phagocytosis studies (PMID 29958103, 32768386). As the reviewer noticed, this is significantly higher than ligand density necessary to activate T cells (PMID 28340336). We have added a comment on ligand density to lines 96-97.

      2. Are the origami mats generally laterally mobile on the bilayers. If so, what is the diffusion coefficient? Can one detect the mats accumulating in the initial interface between the bead and cell, particularly in cased where there is no phagocytosis? Would immobility of the mats make them more efficient at mediating phagocytosis compared to the monodispersed ligands, which I assume are highly mobile and might even be "slippery".

      We have confirmed that our bead protocol generally produces mobile bilayers, where his-tagged proteins can freely diffuse to the cell-bead interface (see accumulation of a his-tagged FRB binding to a transmembrane FKBP receptor at the cell-bead synapse below). We can qualitatively say that the origamis appear mobile on a planar lipid bilayer (see Dong et. al 2021 and images below). Directly measuring the diffusion coefficient on the beads is extremely difficult because the beads themselves are mobile (both diffusing and rotating), and cannot be imaged via TIRF. We do not see much accumulation of the origami at cell-bead synapses. This could reflect lower mobility of the origamis, or could be because the relative enrichment of origamis is difficult to detect over the signal from unligated origamis.

      Overall, we expect the origami pegboards (tethered by 12 neutravidins) are less mobile than single strand DNA (tethered by a single neutravidin, supported by qualitative images below). We are uncertain whether this promotes phagocytosis. At least one study suggests that increased IgG mobility promotes phagocytosis (PMID 25771017). However, the zipper model would suggest that tethered ligands may provide a better foothold for the macrophage as it zippers the phagosome closed (PMID 14732161). Hypothetically, ligand mobility could affect signaling in two ways - first by promoting nanocluster formation, and second by serving as a stable platform for signaling as the phagosome closes. Since our system has pre-formed nanoclusters, the effect of ligand mobility may be quite different than in the endogenous setting.

      [[image cannot be shown]]

      In the above images, a 10xHis-FRB labeled with AlexaFluor647 was conjugated to Ni-chelating lipids in the bead supported lipid bilayer. The macrophages express a synthetic receptor containing an extracellular FKBP and an intracellular GFP. Upon addition of rapamycin, FRB and FKBP form a high affinity dimer, and FRB accumulates at the bead-macrophage contact sites.

      [[image cannot be shown]]

      In the above images, single molecules were imaged for 3 sec. The tracks of each molecule are depicted by lines, colored to distinguish between individual molecules. The scale bar represents 5 microns in both panels.

      3. Breaking down the analysis into initiation and completion is interesting. When using the non-signalling adhesion constructs, would they get to the initiation stage or would that attachment be less extensive than the initiation phase.

      This is an interesting question. While we did not include the DNA-CAR-adhesion in our kinetic experiments, we have now quantified the frequency of cups that would match our ‘initiation’ criteria in 3 representative data sets where macrophages were fixed after 45 minutes of interaction with origami pegboard-coated beads. We found that an average of 16/125 of 4T beads touching DNA-CAR-adhesion macrophages met the ‘initiation’ criteria and an average of 2/125 were eaten (14% total). In comparison, we examined 4T beads touching DNA CAR𝛾 macrophages and found that on average 23/125 met the ‘initiation’ criteria, and 45/125 were already engulfed (54%). This suggests that the DNA-CAR-adhesion alone may induce enough interaction to meet our initiation criteria, but without active signaling from the FcR this extensive interaction is rare. We have added this data in a new Figure S6 and commented on this in lines 213-215.

      4. It would be interesting to put these results in perspective of earier work on spacing with planar nanoarrays, although these can't be applied to beads. For integrin mediated adhesion there was a very distinct threshold for RGD ligand spacing that could be related to the size of some integrin-cytoskeletal linkers (PMID: 15067875). On the other hand, T cell activation seemed more continuous with changes in spacing over a wide range with no discrete threshold (PMID: 24117051, 24125583) unless the spacing was increased to allow access to CD45, in which case a more discrete threshold was generated (PMID: 29713075). The results here for phagocytosis with the very small ligands that would likely exclude CD45 seems to be more of a continuum without a discrete threshold, although high densities of ligand are needed. This issue of continuous sensing vs sharp threshold is biologically interesting so would be good assess this by as consistent standards are possible across systems.**

      We agree that this is an interesting body of literature worth adding to our discussion. We have added a paragraph that puts our study in the context of prior work on related systems, including these nanolithography studies (Line 364-382):

      How does the spacing requirements for Fc__𝛾R nanoclusters compare to other signaling systems? Engineered multivalent Fc oligomers revealed that IgE ligand geometry alters Fcε receptor signaling in mast cells (Sil, Lee, Luo, Holowka, & Baird, 2007). DNA origami nanoparticles and planar nanolithography arrays have previously examined optimal inter-ligand distance for the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, NK cell receptor CD16, death receptor Fas, and integrins (Arnold et al., 2004; Berger et al., 2020; Cai et al., 2018; Deeg et al., 2013; Delcassian et al., 2013; Dong et al., 2021; Veneziano et al., 2020). Some systems, like integrin-mediated cell adhesion, appear to have very discrete threshold requirements for ligand spacing while others, like T cell activation, appear to continuously improve with reduced intermolecular spacing (Arnold et al., 2004; Cai et al., 2018). Our system may be more similar to the continuous improvement observed in T cell activation, as our most spaced ligands (36.5 nm) are capable of activating some phagocytosis, albeit not as potently as the 4T. Interestingly, as the intermembrane distance between T cell and target increases, the requirement for tight ligand spacing becomes more stringent (Cai et al., 2018). This suggests that IgG bound to tall antigens may be more dependent on tight nanocluster spacing than short antigens. Planar arrays have also been used to vary inter-cluster spacing, in addition to inter-ligand spacing (Cai et al., 2018; Freeman et al., 2016). Examining the optimal inter-cluster spacing during phagosome closure may be an interesting direction for future studies.


      Additional experiments performed in revision

      In addition to these reviewer comments, we have added additional controls validating the DNA-CAR-4x𝛾 used in Figure 6c,d. We compared the DNA-CAR-4x𝛾 to versions of the DNA-CAR-1x𝛾-3x𝛥ITAM construct with the functional ITAM in the second and fourth positions (see the schematics now included Figure S7). We found that four individual receptors with a single ITAM each were able to induce phagocytosis regardless of which position the ITAM was in. However the DNA-CAR-4x𝛾 construct, which also contains 4 ITAMs, was not. This further validates the experiment presented in 6c,d. We also fixed minor errors we discovered in the presentation of data for Figures 1C and S1A.

    2. Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

      Learn more at Review Commons


      Reviewer #3

      Evidence, reproducibility and clarity

      This is a very nicely done synthetic biology/biophysics study on the effect of ligands spacing on phagocytosis. They use a DNA based recognition system that the group has previously use to investigate T cell signaling, but express the SNAP tag linked transmembrane receptor in a macrophage cell line and present the ligands using DNA origami mats to control the number and spacing of complementary ligands that are designed to be in the typical range for low or high affinity FcR, a receptor that can trigger phagocytosis. The study offers some very nice quantitative data sets that will be of immediate interest to groups working in this area and, in the future, for design of synthetic receptors for immunotherapy applications. Other groups are working on similar platform for TCR. I don't feel there is any need for more experiments, but I have some questions and suggestions. Answering and considering these could clarify the new biological knowledge gained.

      Significance:

      I think the significance would be increased by addressing these questions, that would help understand how the synthesis system described related to other system directed as similar questions and more natural settings.

      1. The densities of the freely mobile DNA ligands required to trigger phagocytosis is quite high. Was the length of the DNA duplexes optimized? The entire complex for both the intermediate and high affinity duplexes seems quite short, perhaps <10 nm. Might the stimulation be more efficient if a short stretch of DS DNA is added to increase the length to 12-13 nm?
      2. Are the origami mats generally laterally mobile on the bilayers. If so, what is the diffusion coefficient? Can one detect the mats accumulating in the initial interface between the bead and cell, particularly in cased where there is no phagocytosis? Would immobility of the mats make them more efficient at mediating phagocytosis compared to the monodispersed ligands, which I assume are highly mobile and might even be "slippery".
      3. Breaking down the analysis into initiation and completion is interesting. When using the non-signalling adhesion constructs, would they get to the initiation stage or would that attachment be less extensive than the initiation phase.
      4. It would be interesting to put these results in perspective of earier work on spacing with planar nanoarrays, although these can't be applied to beads. For integrin mediated adhesion there was a very distinct threshold for RGD ligand spacing that could be related to the size of some integrin-cytoskeletal linkers (PMID: 15067875). On the other hand, T cell activation seemed more continuous with changes in spacing over a wide range with no discrete threshold (PMID: 24117051, 24125583) unless the spacing was increased to allow access to CD45, in which case a more discrete threshold was generated (PMID: 29713075). The results here for phagocytosis with the very small ligands that would likely exclude CD45 seems to be more of a continuum without a discrete threshold, although high densities of ligand are needed. This issue of continuous sensing vs sharp threshold is biologically interesting so would be good assess this by as consistent standards are possible across systems.
    3. Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

      Learn more at Review Commons


      Referee #2

      Evidence, reproducibility and clarity

      The manuscript on "Tight nanoscale clustering of Fcg-receptors using DNA origami promotes phagocytosis" studies how clustering and nanoscale spacing of ligand molecules for a chimeric Fcg-receptors influence the phagocytosis of functionalized silicon beads by macrophage cell lines. The basis of this study is the design of a chimeric Fc-receptor (DNA-CARg) comprising an extracellular SNAP-tag domain that can be loaded with single-stranded (ss) DNA, the transmembrane part of CD86 and the cytosolic part of the Fc-receptor g-chain containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) as well as a C-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP). As control the authors used a similar designed DNA-CAR that is lacking the intracellular ITAM-containing FCg tail. The chosen target for this chimeric DNA-CAR, are silicon beads covered by a lipid bilayer that contains biotin-labelled lipids that, via Neutravidin, can be loaded with a biotinylated DNA origami pegboard displaying complimentary ss-DNA as ligand for the DNA-CAR. The DNA origami pegboard contains four ATTO647N fluorescence for visualization and the ssDNA ligand in different quantities and spacing. Using these principles, the authors study how ligand affinity, concentration and spacing influence the activation of the DNA-CARg and the engulfment of the loaded beads.

      The authors show that bead engulfment is increased between 2 till 8 ssDNA ligands on the pegboard. After this, ligand numbers do not play a role anymore in the engulfment. They then study the role of the ligand spacing using pegboards that either contain 4 single strand DNA ligands in close (7nm/3,5nm) proximity or a more spaced version using 21/17,5 nm or 35/38,5 nm. The authors find that the bead engulfment is maximally and positively affected by the close spacing of the ssDNA ligands. In their final experiments the authors vary the design of the DNA-CARs by tetramerization of the ITAM-containing Fcg-signaling subunit. In their discussion the authors mention different possibilities for the effect of spacing on the engulfment process.

      I think that, in general, this is an interesting study. However, it has some caveats and open issues that should be clarified before its publication.

      Major comments

      1. As a general comment, it is somewhat a pity that the authors did not use the endogenous FcR as a control. It would have been quite easy for the authors to place the SNAP-tag domain on the Fcg extracellular domain which would allow to do all their experiments in parallel, not only with the DNA-CAR, but also with a DNA-containing wild type receptor. Such a control would be important because, by using a CD86 transmembrane domain, the authors do not know whether the nanoscale localization of their chimeric receptors is reflecting that of the endogenous Fcg receptor.
      2. An important issue that is discussed by the authors but not addressed in this manuscript is whether the different amount and spacing of the ligand is only impacting on signaling or also on the mechanical stress of the cells. Indeed, mechanical stress on the cytoskeleton arrangement could influence the engulfment process. For this, it would be very important to test that the different bead engulfment, for example, those shown in Fig. 4, is strictly dependent on signaling kinases. The authors should repeat the experiment of Fig. 4 a and b in the presence or absence of kinase inhibitors such as the Syk inhibitor R406 or the Src inhibitor PP2 to show whether the different phase of engulfment is dependent on the signaling function of these kinases. This crucial experiment is clearly missing from their study.
      3. Another problem of this study is that the authors show in Fig. 1A the control DNA-CAR-adhesion but then hardly use it in their study. For example, the crucial experiments shown in Fig. 4 should be conducted in parallel with DNA-CAR-adhesion expressing macrophage cells. This study could provide another indication whether or not ITAM signaling is important for the engulfment process.
      4. Another important aspect is how the concentration of the loaded origami pegboard is influencing the engulfment process. In particular, it would be interesting to show the padlocks with different spacings such as the 4T closed spacing versus 4s large spacing show a different dependency on the concentration of this padlock loading on the beads. This would be another important experiment to add to their study.

      Minor comments:

      1. The definition of the ITAM is Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif and not "Immune Tyrosine Activation Motif" as stated by the authors.
      2. The authors discuss that it is the segregation of the inhibitory phosphatase CD45 from the clustered Fc receptors is the major mechanism explaining their finding that 4T closed spacing is more effective than 4s large spacing. With the event of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology it is trivial to delete the CD45 gene in the genome of the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line used in this study and I am puzzled why they author are not conducting such a simple but for their study very important experiment (it takes only 1-2 month to get the results).

      Referees cross-commenting

      I find most of my three reviewing colleagues reasonable

      I also agree to Reviewer #1 comments 2

      Likewise, how much variation was there in the expression of the chimeric receptors? Large variation in receptor numbers per cell could significantly alter the quantitative studies. Aside from the flow sorting for cells expressing two different molecules, how were cells selected for analysis?

      But I want to add it is not only the amount of receptors but ils the nanoscale location that is key to receptor function.

      Significance:

      The innovative part of this study is the combination of SNAP-tag attached, chimeric Fc-receptor with the DNA origami pegboard technology to address important open question on receptor function.

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.23.21253460: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Consent: Ethics approval and consent to participate: The plasma sample use was reviewed by the WRAIR Human Subjects’ Protection Branch which determined that the research does not involve human subjects (NHSR protocol WRAIR #2567, WRAIR#2755, #EID-029) as the samples used were de-identified and no link between samples and subjects exists.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">As this was a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 samples collected during a public health investigation of a local outbreak, no a priori power calculation was carried out.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The detection antibody, SULFO-TAG either with anti-human IgG (Cat.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">No D20JL, MSD) antibody or anti-human IgM (Cat.No D20JP, MSD) was diluted to 2 µg/ml in Diluent 100 (MSD) and added to the wells (50 µl/well).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgM</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All statistical analysis was carried out in R using the stats, ggplot2, and corrplot,.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ggplot2</div><div>suggested: (ggplot2, RRID:SCR_014601)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
      This limitation is highlighted in the apparent 50% IgM seropositivity for MERS-CoV in the Control Group. While there was a MERS outbreak in South Korea in 2015, there were only 186 confirmed cases in that outbreak [21] and a more likely explanation is that this reflects a cross-reactivity from immunity to a related beta coronavirus. On a similar note, we were surprised to find 25% IgG seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 in the Control group. Given that they were all seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 by IgM, this suggests the possibility of either a prior asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or cross-reactivity from immunity to another coronavirus. Assessing the serological landscape of CoV-specific IgM and IgG responses resulted in several key observations: 1) IgG seropositivity to seasonal OC43 and HKU1 as well as influenza H3 was high, while IgM seropositivity to these antigens was low; 2) IgM seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 was highly specific, with 90% seropositivity in COVID-19 samples and 0% seropositivity in Control or Pre-COVID samples; 3) SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses were highly cross-reactive with almost 60% of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositive samples being seropositive for all five CoV spike antigens; and 4) IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 spike responses appear to show different fine specificities, with IgM spike responses being largely recapitulated by the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen, while IgG spike responses were not. Taken together these observations suggest a few explanations. First, that the IgM res...

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.23.21254165: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IRB: Research Design: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the MBRU, Institutional Review Board (Reference # MBRU-IRB-2020-032).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      No key resources detected.


      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
      A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of the impact on education of the pandemic highlights, among many of the factors discussed in the preceding paragraphs, the opportunity for educational leadership in times of crisis and the challenge of executing it with budgetary constraints (36). The COVID-19 experience is also a living example to demonstrate to students the health inequities and difficult ethical decisions in a contemporary life or death scenarios; it constituted an invaluable experience that reinforces knowledge of health systems and standards of practice (7). Resilience, grit, and tolerance have transformed from mere teaching points to demonstrable practice (7). The tag: front-liner, has become a proud identity, inspirational for the budding physician. This study is characterized by several limitations that are worth shedding light on. Although the focus on a single program enabled the development of thorough reflections and insights, the generalizability of the generated findings is limited to institutions that are characteristically and contextually like MBRU. It would be worthwhile for future studies to collect data from several programs and run a comparative analysis. The small sample size and low response rate were also limitations. The data collection extended until after the end of course assessments, and hence, the perception of the participating students might have been influenced by their performance in the respective exams and...

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.24.435771: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibodies: ACE2 antibody abcam, ab27269 1:400 TMPRSS2 antibody Santa Cruz sc-515727 1:400 Anti-NP, sino-biological 40143-MM05 1:400 Anti-NP, sino-biological 40143-R001 1:400 Anti-NP, thermofisher MA1-7401 1:400 K8/K18, progen, 90001 1:400 Donkey-anti-rabbit750, abcam ab175731</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Antibodies: ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>TMPRSS2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-NP</div><div>suggested: (Bio-Rad Cat# MCA400, RRID:AB_2151884)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">With rigorous washing steps in between the proteins were detected with mouse anti-strep-tag-antibodies (IBA) and goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies (Life Biosciences). IDISCO: SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected Syrian hamster lungs were provided in 10% formalin, for longer storage hamster lungs were kept in PBS and 0.01% sodium azide.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Obtained image stacks were analyzed with ImageJ v1.54f and Imaris 9.6.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ImageJ</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For the 3D renders obtained imaging data was imported into Imaris, display adjustments were made for each channel.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Imaris</div><div>suggested: (Imaris, RRID:SCR_007370)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The generated surfaces were subsequently used to mask the TMPRSS2 and ACE2 channels, after which statistical values were obtained and exported to GraphPad Prism 9.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 6. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.23.436684: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IRB: Human subjects: Blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from COVID19+ patients using protocols approved by Institutional Review Boards at Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Research Institute.<br>Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and the University of Washington and/or Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and CHUM Institutional Review Boards approved the entire study and procedures.<br>IACUC: All experiments adhered to the guidelines approved by the Emory University Institutional Animal Care and Committee.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum from pre-pandemic controls were blindly selected at random from the study “Establishing Immunologic Assays for Determining HIV-1 Prevention and Control”, with no considerations made for age, or sex, participants were recruited at the Seattle Vaccine Trials Unit (Seattle, Washington, USA).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Lines: All cell lines were incubated at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2. 293-6E (human female, RRID:CVCL_HF20) and 293T cells (human female, RRID:CVCL_0063) cells were maintained in Freestyle 293 media with gentle shaking.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">We recently reported an initial characterization of the anti-S antibody responses generated by CV1 (Seydoux et al., 2020).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Some samples appear to show enhanced binding in the presence of ACE2, perhaps because ACE2 binding stabilizes and exposes their binding sites, these antibodies are considered not competitive with ACE2. mAb competition BLI: To measure competition between individual mAbs for binding to SARS-CoV-2 S-2P and RBD, S-2P and RBD were biotinylated using EZ-Link NHS-PEG4 Biotin at a molar ratio of 1:2/ Biotinylated protein was purified using a Zeba spin desalting column.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SARS-CoV-2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>S-2P</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E S1+S2 ECTs (Cat#’s 40607-V08B, 40606-V08B, 40604-V08B, 40605-V08D), SARS-HCoV-2 S1 domain (CAT#: 40591-V08B1), SARS-CoV-2 S1 N-terminal domain (CAT#40591-V41H) SARS-HCoV-2 S2 extra-cellular domain (CAT#: 40590-V08B) and SARS-CoV2 RBD (CAT#: 40150-V05H) were purchased from SinoBiologicals.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HCoV-NL63</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_RW88)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Lines: All cell lines were incubated at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2. 293-6E (human female, RRID:CVCL_HF20) and 293T cells (human female, RRID:CVCL_0063) cells were maintained in Freestyle 293 media with gentle shaking.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>the</div><div>detected: ( RRID:CVCL_HF20)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>detected: (CCLV Cat# CCLV-RIE 1018, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, plasmids expressing the HIV-1 Gag and pol (pHDM-Hgpm2), HIV-1Rev (pRC-CMV-rev1b), HIV-1 Tat (pHDM-tat1b), the SARS CoV2 spike (pHDM-SARS-CoV-2 Spike) and a luciferase/GFP reporter (pHAGE-CMV-Luc2-IRES-ZsGreen-W) were co-transfected into 293T cells at a 1:1:1:1.6:4.6 ratio using 293 Free transfection reagent (EMD Millipore Cat #72181) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The culture supernatant was harvested after 72 hours at 32°C, clarified by centrifugation, filtered and frozen at −80C. 293 cells stably expressing ACE2 (HEK293T-hACE2) were seeded at a density of 4000 cells/well in a 100 µl volume in flat clear bottom, black walled, tissue culture 96-well plates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The media was aspirated from 293T-ACE2 cells and 100 µl of the virus-antibody mixture was added.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T-ACE2</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_YZ65)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Monitoring RBD-binding to 293-ACE2 cells by flow cytometry: 8 pmol of biotinylated S-2P with strep tag peptide sequence on C terminus were mixed with 10 pmol of mAb and incubated for 10 min at RT in a round-bottom tissue culture 96-well plate. 200,000 HEK293T-hACE2 cells in 50 µL of cDMEM were then added to each well and the mixture of cells + RBD or S-2P + mAb was incubated for 20 min on ice.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293-ACE2</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_DR94)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Infection of k18-hACE2 mice with SARS-CoV-2: B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J</div><div>suggested: RRID:IMSR_JAX:034860)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IMGT/V-QUEST was used to assign V, D, J gene identity, and CDRL3 length to the sequences (Brochet et al., 2008).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IMGT/V-QUEST</div><div>suggested: (IMGT/V-QUEST, RRID:SCR_010749)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The V(D)J enriched library was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq or MiSeq.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MiSeq</div><div>suggested: (A5-miseq, RRID:SCR_012148)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Remaining model building was completed using COOT (Emsley and Cowtan, 2004) and refinement was performed in Phenix (Adams et al., 2004).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>COOT</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Structural figures were made in Pymol.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Pymol</div><div>suggested: (PyMOL, RRID:SCR_000305)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Particles were picked with DogPicker (Voss et al., 2009) and processed in RELION 3.0 (Scheres, 2012).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>RELION</div><div>suggested: (RELION, RRID:SCR_016274)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sequence analysis: Sequences were analyzed using Geneious software (Version 8.1.9)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Geneious</div><div>suggested: (Geneious, RRID:SCR_010519)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical Analysis: All graphs were completed using GraphPad Prism.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. Zartek is a leading software development company based in Qatar and India. We have a team of 20+ developers experienced

      This is my annotation updated.

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.22.436481: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay: PSV was generated in 293T cells by co-transfection of pFC37K-CMV-S, an enhanced expression plasmid encoding for codon-optimized full-length SARS-CoV-2 S with the N-term HiBit tag removed, and pNL4-3.luc.R-E-mCherry-luciferase, an envelope deficient HIV-1 dual reporter construct that was cloned by recombination of the pNL.luc.R-E-plasmid (NIH AIDS Reagent Program) and the fully infectious pNL4-3 mCherry luciferase plasmid (Addgene) [24, 25].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For neutralization assays 104 293T-hACE2 cells were plated in 100uL media per well in 96 well white-wall white-bottom plates (Perkin Elmer) and incubated overnight at 37°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T-hACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">([Agonist] vs. response---variable slope-four parameters), and the Area Under Curve (AUC) were calculated using GraphPad Prism 9.0.2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. Dictionary writers list polysemes under the same entry; homonyms are defined separately.

      This describes how you can tell which one it is by looking at the dictionary entry.

    1. Note how a handful of default steps lead into six standardized termini, allowing to plug protocols into different adapters. Imagine replacing your self-written API adapter with a canonical JSON-API adapter, for example.
    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.22.436337: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) of SARS-CoV-2 infection: All standard operating procedures and protocols for IVIS imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals under ABSL-3 conditions were approved by IACUC, IBSCYU and YARC.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment conditions: For all in vivo experiments, the 6 to 8 weeks male and female mice were intranasally challenged with 1 x 105 FFU in 25-30 µl volume under anesthesia (0.5 - 5 % isoflurane delivered using precision Dräger vaporizer with oxygen flow rate of 1 L/min).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibody depletion of immune cell subsets: For evaluating the effect of NK cell depletion during CV3-1 prophylaxis, anti-NK1.1 (clone PK136; 12.5 mg/kg body weight) or an isotype control mAb (BioXCell; clone C1.18.4; 12.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered to mice by i.p. injections every 2 days starting at 48 h before SARS-CoV-2-nLuc challenge till 8 dpi.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-NK1.1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">containing Fc blocking antibody against CD16/CD32 (BioLegend Inc) before staining with antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD16/CD32</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Grids were incubated 1 hr with 10% calf serum in PBS to block nonspecific antibody binding, then incubated 2 hrs with anti-S antiserum (Cohen et al., 2021).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Grids were rinsed (4x 10’) with PBS then labeled for 2 hrs with 10 nm gold conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (Ted Pella, Inc.).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">At 48 hours post transfection, 293T cells were stained with CV3-1 and CV3-25 antibodies (5μg/mL), using cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-1 Spike CR3022 or mouse anti-His tag (Sigma-Aldrich) as positive controls.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CV3-25</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Alexa Fluor-647-conjugated goat anti-human IgG (H+L) Abs (Invitrogen) and goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) Abs (Invitrogen) were used as secondary antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">An anti-mouse SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Clone 1C7, Bioss Antibodies)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following extensive washing with PBS, an anti-mouse IgG HRP secondary antibody solution was formulated in PBS + 1% non-fat milk.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay: For evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ADCC activity, parental CEM.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SARS-CoV-2 ADCC activity</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Second, serially diluted clarified tissue homogenates were used to infect Vero-E6 cell culture monolayer.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero-E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Uninfected monolayer of Vero cells treated identically served as controls to determine basal luciferase activity to obtain normalized relative light units.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Vero E6 cells were maintained in complete Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Thermo Fisher, Cat. #11965–092) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Thermo-Fisher, Cat. #16140–071), 1% HEPES Buffer Solution (15630–130), and 1 % penicillin– streptomycin (Thermo Fisher, Cat. #15140–122).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, pseudoviral particles were produced by transfecting 2×106 HEK293T cells with pNL4.3 Luc R-E- (3.5 μg), plasmids encoding for SARS-CoV-2 Spike or SARS-CoV-1 Spike (3.5 μg) protein and VSV-G (pSVCMV-IN-VSV-G, 1 μg) using the standard calcium phosphate method.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, 293T cells were transfected by the calcium phosphate method with the pNL4.3 R-E-Luc plasmid (NIH AIDS Reagent Program) and a plasmid encoding for SARS-CoV-2 Spike at a ratio of 5:4.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">THP-1 cells were used as effector cells and were stained with another cellular dye (cell proliferation dye eFluor670).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>THP-1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) of SARS-CoV-2 infection: All standard operating procedures and protocols for IVIS imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals under ABSL-3 conditions were approved by IACUC, IBSCYU and YARC.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>YARC</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Image sequences were assembled and converted to videos using Image J.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Image J</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The images were processed using Nikon Elements AR version 4.5 software (Nikon Instruments Inc, Americas) and figures assembled with Photoshop CC and Illustrator CC (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Photoshop</div><div>suggested: (Adobe Photoshop, RRID:SCR_014199)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The data were processed and plotted using GraphPad Prism 8 v8.4.3.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">FlowJo software (Treestar) was used to generate FACS plot shown in Figure S7.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FlowJo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Tomographic tilt-series and large-area montaged overviews were acquired automatically using the SerialEM software package (Mastronarde, 2005, 2008; Mastronarde and Held, 2017).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SerialEM</div><div>suggested: (SerialEM, RRID:SCR_017293)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Tomographic data was calculated, analyzed, and modeled using the IMOD software package (Mastronarde, 2005, 2008; Mastronarde and Held, 2017) on iMac Pro and MacPro computers (Apple, Inc.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IMOD</div><div>suggested: (IMOD, RRID:SCR_003297)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">S-MEN particles were then re-suspended in 50 mM pH 7.5 HEPES buffer, labeled with Cy3B(3S) and Cy5 derivative (LD650-CoA) and purified through an optiprep gradient as previously described (Lu et al., 2019; Lu et al., 2020; Munro et al., 2014) smFRET images of S-MEN particles was acquired on a home-built prism-based total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope, as described previously (Lu et al., 2020). smFRET data analysis was performed using MATLAB (</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MATLAB</div><div>suggested: (MATLAB, RRID:SCR_001622)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">(MathWorks)-based customized SPARTAN software package (Juette et al., 2016).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SPARTAN</div><div>suggested: (SPARTAN, RRID:SCR_014901)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">P values were indicated as ∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗, p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗, p < 0.0001. Schematics: Schematics for showing experimental design in figures were created with BioRender.com.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BioRender</div><div>suggested: (Biorender, RRID:SCR_018361)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 65, 66, 67, 68, 62 and 63. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.16.434488: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plasmids: Residues 1-617 of human ACE2 ectodomain (UniProtKB Q9BYF1C) and SARS-CoV-2 spike residues 319-530 (GenBank QHD43416.1) with the G485R mutation, were each synthesised with a N-terminal honeybee melittin signal peptide and a C-terminal TEV protease cleavage site and His6-tag by GenScript (Hong Kong) and subcloned into the pFastBac1 vector.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>UniProtKB</div><div>suggested: (UniProtKB, RRID:SCR_004426)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data were integrated using XDS and scaled with AIMLESS from the CCP4 program suite (Winn et al., 2011).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CCP4</div><div>suggested: (CCP4, RRID:SCR_007255)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Molecular replacement was performed using Phaser from the Phenix program suite with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD-ACE2 structure (PDB ID: 6LZG) used as a search model.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Phenix</div><div>suggested: (Phenix, RRID:SCR_014224)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Alternate rounds of model building and refinement were performed using Coot (Emsley et al., 2010), REFMAC5 (Murshudov et al., 2011) and phenix.refine (Afonine et al., 2012).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Coot</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No funding statement was detected.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.31.229781: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Ethics statement: All procedures in this study involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Minnan Normal University Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee (MNNU-AEWC-2020001).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mouse experiments: Specific pathogen-free, 8-week-old male transgenic hACE2 mice and WT male mice (C57BL/6 background) were purchased from the experimental animal center of GemPharmatech (Nanjing, China).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibodies and reagents: Anti-His-Tag, anti-p-IKK, anti-p-JNK, and anti-p-c-Jun antibodies, FITC-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG, and Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from Affinity Biosciences, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-His-Tag,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-His-Tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-p-IKK, anti-p-JNK,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-p-c-Jun</div><div>suggested: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-822, RRID:AB_627262)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-ACE2 antibody, HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG, and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following primary antibodies His-Tag (1:200, Affinity, T0009, USA) and ACE2 (1:200, Abcam, ab15348, UK) were used.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ACE2</div><div>suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab15348, RRID:AB_301861)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The membrane was then blocked in 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibodies (including anti-ACE2, anti-p-IKK, anti-p-JNK, anti-p-c-Jun, and anti-β-actin antibodies) overnight at 4°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-p-IKK, anti-p-JNK, anti-p-c-Jun,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-β-actin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The membrane was then washed with Tris buffered saline buffer with Tween 20 (TBST) for three times and incubated with secondary antibody (HRP-conjugated anti-IgG) for 1 h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">8 μM TAPI-1 was added to Vero E6 cells 30 min in advance of any additional treatment conditions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mouse experiments: Specific pathogen-free, 8-week-old male transgenic hACE2 mice and WT male mice (C57BL/6 background) were purchased from the experimental animal center of GemPharmatech (Nanjing, China).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>C57BL/6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibodies and reagents: Anti-His-Tag, anti-p-IKK, anti-p-JNK, and anti-p-c-Jun antibodies, FITC-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG, and Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from Affinity Biosciences, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Affinity Biosciences</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mouse experiments: Specific pathogen-free, 8-week-old male transgenic hACE2 mice and WT male mice (C57BL/6 background) were purchased from the experimental animal center of GemPharmatech (Nanjing, China).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GemPharmatech</div><div>suggested: (GemPharmatech, RRID:SCR_017239)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The protein signals were evaluated by integrated option density (IOD) using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Image J</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analysis: All data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.0 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 24. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.08.331645: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Consent: Inclusion criteria were as follows; 1) Age above 18 years; 2) PCR verified SARS-CoV-2 within the preceding 12 weeks; 3) Full recovery from acute COVID-19 illness; 4) Able to give informed consent.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After sample incubation, bound IgG was detected by incubation with MSD SULFO-TAG Anti-Human IgG Antibody and subsequently measured on a MESO QuickPlex SQ 120 Reader (Cat. No. AI0AA-0) after addition of GOLD Read Buffer B (Cat. No. R60AM-2).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">ELISA: IgA antibodies were measured using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA ELISA from Euroimmun (Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany, Cat. No. El 2606-9601 A), according to manufacturer’s instructions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IgA type antibodies were detected by incubation with peroxidase labelled anti-human IgA followed by a chromogen solution, resulting in color development in positive wells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgA</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T cells were cultured in DMEM, containing 10% FBS and 50 U/mL P/S.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After 1 hour of incubation at 37°C BHK-G43 cells were washed three times in PBS and fresh media was added.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BHK-G43</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data and Statistical analyses: Flow cytometry data was analyzed using FlowJo (Version 10.7.1).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FlowJo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All data was processed and graphed in GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No funding statement was detected.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.18.099507: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Consent: The ACS have been conducted in accordance with the ethical principles set out in the declaration of Helsinki and all participants provided written informed consent.<br>IRB: The study was approved by the Academic Medical Center institutional Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Amsterdam.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">n=24 Live Attenuated vaccine) and HBV antibodies (n=17 natural infection, n=16 HBsAg vaccination)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HBV</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Purification of CMV-specific antibodies from sera: CMV-specific antibodies were purified using antigen-coated plates (Serion ELISA classic, Cytomegalovirus IgG, Würzburg, Germany).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Serion ELISA classic , Cytomegalovirus IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Purification of Measle- and Mump-virus specific antibodies from sera: Ag-specific antibodies were purified using antigen-coated plates (Serion ELISA classic, Measles IgG and Mumps IgG, Würzburg, Germany).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Serion ELISA classic , Measles IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Mumps IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">As positive control, anti-HIV gp120 monoclonal was used (IgG1 b12; 100 µg purified antibody in PBS at 1 mg/ml; NIH Aids Reagent Program, La Jolla, CA, US).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-HIV</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IgG1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Purification of anti-N and anti-S specific antibodies from plasma: SARS-Cov-2-specific antibodies were purified using antigen-coated plates (NUCN, Roskilde, Denmark).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-N</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Purification of total IgG from sera: Total IgG1 antibodies were captured from 2 µL of serum using Protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow beads (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) in a 96-well filter plate (Millipore Multiscreen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) as described previously (11) or by using Protein G cartridges on the AssayMAP Bravo (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) Briefly, 1 µL serum diluted in PBS were applied to the cartridges, followed by washes of PBS, LC-MS pure water and finally eluted with formic acid (1%)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>sera: Total IgG1 antibodies</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Total IgG1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Briefly , 1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mass spectrometric IgG-Fc glycosylation analysis: Eluates containing either antigen-specific antibodies or total IgG were collected in V-bottom plates, dried by vacuum centrifugation for 2.5 hours at 50°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antigen-specific</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>total IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plates were coated (over-night, 4°C) with recombinant trimerized spike protein produced as described recently (28) or N protein (accession number MN908947, produced in HEK cells with HAVT20 leader peptide, 10xhis tag and a Brit tag as in (23)) in PBS(5 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">As positive control, anti-HIV gp120 monoclonal was used (IgG1 b12; 100 µg purified antibody in PBS at 1 mg/ml; NIH Aids Reagent Program, La Jolla, CA, US).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Aids Reagent Program</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mass spectrometry results were extracted and evaluated using FlexAnalysis software (Bruker Daltonics) for all samples except for the Measles virus, and Mumps virus cohorts that were analyzed with Skyline software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Skyline</div><div>suggested: (Skyline, RRID:SCR_014080)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 7.02 for Windows (GraphPad Software Inc.,</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104869: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IRB: Ethics Statement: The study protocols were approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (#2056689) and all associated procedures were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines.<br>Consent: All participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Monoclonal antibodies for surface staining included: CD19-ECD (J3-119) (Beckman Coulter), CD20 Alexa700 (2H7), IgM-BUV395 (G20-127), CD21-BUV737 (B-ly4), IgD-Cy7PE (IA6-2), IgG-BV786 (G18-145) (BD), CD14-BV510 (M5E2), CD3-BV510 (OKT3), CD8a-BV510 (RPA-T8), CD16-BV510 (3G8), CD10-BV510 (HI10a), CD27-BV605 (O323) (Biolegend).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD21-BUV737</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD14-BV510</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD3-BV510</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>OKT3</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 566779, RRID:AB_2869862)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD8a-BV510</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD16-BV510</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD10-BV510</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD27-BV605</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following stimulation, cells were washed, stained with Live/dead Blue viability dye (ThermoFisher), and a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies: CD27 BUV737 (L128), CCR7 Alexa700 (150503), CD45RA PeCy7 (HI100), CD20 BUV805 (2H7), CD14 BUV395 (MOP9) (BD Biosciences), CD3 BV510 (SK7), CD4 BV605 (RPA-T4), CD8 BV650 (RPA-T8)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD27</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 742012, RRID:AB_2871310)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CCR7</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 741981, RRID:AB_2871284)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD45RA</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 742052, RRID:AB_2871341)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD20</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 563781, RRID:AB_2744325)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD14</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 740241, RRID:AB_2739988)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD4</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">) or HCoV-HKU1 S protein (isolate N5;residues 1 – 1290) were synthesised with furin cleavage site removed and P986/987 stabilisation mutations39, a C-terminal T4 trimerisation domain, Avitag and His-tag, expressed in Expi293 cells and purified by Ni-NTA affinity and size-exclusion chromatography using a Superose 6 16/70 column (GE Healthcare) (</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Expi293</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_D615)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Residual virus infectivity in the plasma/virus mixtures was assessed in quadruplicate wells of Vero cells incubated in serum-free media containing 1 μg/ml TPCK trypsin at 37°C/5% CO2; viral cytopathic effect was read on day 5.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019163.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ProteomeXchange</div><div>suggested: (ProteomeXchange, RRID:SCR_004055)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Pairwise correlations were assessed using Spearmans tests in Prism 8.0 (Graphpad).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Prism</div><div>suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Graphpad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad, RRID:SCR_000306)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133793: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Consent: This study has been conducted in accordance with the ethical principles set out in the declaration of Helsinki and all participants provided written informed consent, if applicable.<br>IRB: Approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committees from the Academic Medical Center, VU University Medical Center and Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The average age of participants was 31 years (SD 4.2), 7 (50%) were female and none reported relevant comorbidities.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Development of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and NP based bridging assays: The RBD-mFc and RBD-ST proteins were produced as described by Okba et al.[15] The NP was produced in HEK cells with HAVT20 leader peptide, 10xhis-tag and a BirA-tag as described by Dekkers et al.[24] MaxiSORP microtiter plates (ThermoFisherScientific, US) were coated with 100 µL per well 0.125 µg/mL RBD-mFc or NP in PBS overnight at 4 ° C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data processing and analysis: Statistical analysis were carried out using Graphpad Prism 7.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Graphpad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
      There are some limitations to this study. Further investigation of cross-reactivity for the different coronaviruses may be necessary since the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 may show cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses (HCoV), and in particular SARS-CoV-1. However, we anticipate that this will not alter our findings due to the limited number of cases with SARS-CoV-1 in Europe. [37] By including a large population of healthy controls the risk of having missed substantial cross-reactivity against other HCoV is also limited; especially since antibodies against HCoV are detected in the majority of the population (>90% for all four HCoV).[38,39] Furthermore, although this study provides an insight into the antibody response in the early phase of infection in non-hospitalized patients, the number of cases is still modest. Our study describes the early antibody kinetics in a population based on probable exposure and not based on symptoms or hospitalized patients who are RT-PCR positive. Yet, this provides an unbiased view of the performance of the developed serological assay and the antibody response in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. In summary, this study demonstrates the use of a sensitive bridging assay to study seroprevalence in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and provides insight into the early kinetics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in this population.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.21.214932: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Primary antibodies were GeneTex 632604 anti-Spike antibody (mouse monoclonal) and anti-calnexin (C5C9) rabbit mAb (CST #2679) were detected with 2nd anti-Mouse IgG Alexa 488 (Life tech Cat# A11029) and anti-rabbit IgG Dylight 633 (Thermo Fisher #35563) antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Spike</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-calnexin</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# MA3027A488, RRID:AB_2633337)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: (Molecular Probes Cat# A-11029, RRID:AB_138404)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG Dylight 633</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 35563, RRID:AB_1965953)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A stable Spike expressing 293T cell line was generated by infection with pBOB-CAG-SARS-CoV2-Spike-HA lentiviral vector https://www.addgene.org/141347/ followed by single cell cloning and screening by cell extract immunoblotting of individual clones with HA tag antibody (CST #3724).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Immunofluorescence was performed following the Cell Signaling Technology protocol (https://www.cellsignal.com/).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>https://www.cellsignal.com/</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology, RRID:SCR_004431)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.25.217158: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Authentication: After this step, the pellets were placed on ice and resuspended with propidium iodide, which is a viability marker of cells and the cytotoxic activity of antibodies was determined by flow cytometry, after gating on lymphocytes, based on their morphology.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After washing, bound FcγR molecules were revealed with peroxidase conjugated anti-tag antibody (Miltenyi, 120-003-811; 1/5000 in 2% bovine serum albumin) and tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) reagent.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Bound pig IgG were revealed with a secondary anti-pig-HRP-conjugated antibody (Bethyl Laboratories, USA) diluted in washing buffer, at 1:1000, incubated 1h at RT and washed 3 times.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-pig-HRP-conjugated</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The human Fc tag was then revealed with a specific HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG secondary antibody (diluted in in PBS-Tween-0.05%-1% skimmed milk powder at 1:1000, incubated 1h at RT and washed 3 times).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recombinant proteins from SARS-CoV-2 have been manufactured from Hek-293 cells and were purchased from Interchim, Monluçon, France.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Hek-293</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300192/p777_HEK293, RRID:CVCL_0045)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Swine serum dilutions were mixed with equal volumes of SARS-CoV-2 (BetaCoV/Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 [KH1], corresponding to the D614 variant) or SARS-CoV (strain HK39849, SCoV) at a dose of 200 plaque-forming units determined by Vero E6 cells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Binding to human FcγR: The binding of IgG from DKO swine to the FcγRI, FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb human receptors was tested using an ELISA assay and BIAcore surface plasmon resonance (SPR).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BIAcore</div><div>suggested: (Biacore T100 System, RRID:SCR_019679)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">His-Tagged FcγRI, FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb receptors (CD64/32a/32b, R&D Systems; 100μL, 2.4 μg/mL in 2% bovine serum albumin) were then added and incubated for 2h at room temperature (RT).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>R&D Systems</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All statistical analyses were performed on GraphPad Software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04431219</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">First in Human Study: LIS1, an Induction Treatment in Kidney…</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04453384</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of XAV-19 in Patie…</td></tr></table>


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.24.205583: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Animals: All animal studies were conducted at Oregon Health and Sciences University and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC, IP00001707).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In vivo Fluc mRNA transfection via intravenous administration: Female BALB/c mice (8-12 weeks) were sedated using isoflurane, and LNPs encapsulating Fluc mRNA were intravenously administered via tail vein.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The primary antibodies used were: rabbit monoclonal anti-V5 tag at 1:1,000 (Cell Signaling Technology, 13202), rabbit monoclonal anti-6x-His tag at 1:1,000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA5-33032), and mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin at 1:10,000 (R&D Systems, MAB8929).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-6x-His</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# MA5-33032, RRID:AB_2810125)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MA5-33032</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# MA5-33032, RRID:AB_2810125)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-β-actin</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A5441, RRID:AB_476744)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The secondary antibodies used were goat polyclonal anti-rabbit HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 111-035-003) and anti-mouse HRP (115-035-003).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit HRP</div><div>suggested: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 111-035-003, RRID:AB_2313567)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse HRP</div><div>suggested: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 115-035-003, RRID:AB_10015289)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The antibodies used for pull-down were mouse monoclonal anti-His tag (sc-8036) or anti-V5 tag (sc-81594) antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>sc-81594</div><div>suggested: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-81594, RRID:AB_1131162)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The collected BALF was incubated with Dynabeads having anti-V5 tag antibody for 20 min at room temperature with rotation.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-V5</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To probe hACE2, anti-ACE2 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-390851) and anti-mouse HRP were used as the primary and secondary antibodies at 1:200 and 1:2,000, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-ACE2</div><div>suggested: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-390851, RRID:AB_2861379)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>sc-390851</div><div>suggested: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-390851, RRID:AB_2861379)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">293T/17 cell line was purchased from ATCC (CRL-11268).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T/17</div><div>suggested: ATCC Cat# CRL-11268, RRID:CVCL_1926)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Calu-3 cells were cultured in MEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, non-essential amino acids, and sodium pyruvate.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Calu-3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In vitro Fluc mRNA transfection assay: For in vitro Fluc mRNA transfection assays, cells were seeded on a white 96 well plate at 4×103 cells/well for 293T and Hep G2 cells or at 104 cells/well for Calu-3, followed by overnight incubation for cell attachment.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Hep G2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Pseudovirus neutralization assay: For neutralization assay, 293T-hACE2 cells were seeded into white 96-well plates at 2×104 cells/well and grown for 24 h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T-hACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In vivo hsACE2 mRNA transfection via intravenous administration: Female BALB/c mice (8-12 weeks) were sedated using isoflurane, and LNPs encapsulating hsACE2 mRNA were administered to animals via tail vein.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BALB/c</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 33 and 34. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.29.227249: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Subsequently, the antibodies anti-ACE2 (1:100), S-RBD-His-tag (1:50), anti-LAMP1 (1:50) and anti-LC3b (1:50) were added and slides were incubated overnight at 4°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>S-RBD-His-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-LAMP1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-LC3b</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following blocking, membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary antibodies anti-ACE2 (1:1000), anti-LAMP1 (1:2000), anti-LC3b (1:1000) and anti-His-tag (1:1000).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His-tag</div><div>suggested: (AnaSpec; EGT Group Cat# 29673-1000, RRID:AB_11232932)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">immunofluorescence microscopy: For immunefluorescence, HUVEC cells were cultured into 8-well Lab-TekTM II Chamber Slides (NuncTM) and were then treated with either 17β-diol at 3nM or S-equol at 10nM.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HUVEC</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Band intensity was quantified using ImageJ software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ImageJ</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data were analyzed, and graphs were prepared with Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Prism</div><div>suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The OPLSAA based DoGlycans software was used for building all models35 (S-T1).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>DoGlycans</div><div>suggested: (doGlycans, RRID:SCR_015758)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To address the structural interactions, we performed molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS (v.2019.4)46 with the OPLS/AA force field parameters47.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GROMACS</div><div>suggested: (GROMACS, RRID:SCR_014565)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The PatchDock algorithm discard all unacceptable complex and results are assorted by geometry shape complementarity score.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PatchDock</div><div>suggested: (PatchDock, RRID:SCR_017589)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Molecular interactions were analyzed with LigPlot software58 and the pdb files required was constructed with fortran based own computer programs and the statistical data results.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>LigPlot</div><div>suggested: (LigPlot+, RRID:SCR_018249)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 24, 32, 22 and 23. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.29.227595: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Vaccination of CD-1 mice with the hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine candidate: CD-1 female mice (Charles River Laboratories) 7 weeks of age were used for immunological studies performed at the vivarium facilities of Omeros Inc. (Seattle, WA).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The constructs created included: Transfection of HEK 293T cells with hAd5 constructs: To determine surface expression of the RBD epitope by vaccine candidate constructs, we transfected HEK 293T cells with hAd5 construct DNA and quantified surface RBD by flow cytometric detection using anti-RBD antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-RBD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were harvested 1, 2, 3, and 7 days post transfection by gently pipetting cells into medium and labeled with an anti-RBD monoclonal antibody (clone D003 Sino Biological Catalog # 40150-D003) and F(ab’)2-Goat anti-Human IgG-Fc secondary antibody conjugated with R-phycoerythrin (ThermoFisher Catalog # H10104).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Human IgG-Fc</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# H10104, RRID:AB_2536546)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>R-phycoerythrin</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# H10104, RRID:AB_2536546)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">To label N, cells were then incubated with an anti-flag monoclonal (Anti-Flag M2 produced in mouse, Sigma cat# F1804) antibody at 1:1000 in phosphate buffered saline with 3% BSA overnight at 4°C, followed by washes in PBS and a 1 hour incubation with a goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor Plus 555 (Life Technologies, Cat# A32727) at 1:500.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Flag</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# F1804, RRID:AB_262044)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A32727, RRID:AB_2633276)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For co-localization studies, cells were also incubated overnight at 4°C with a sheep anti-Lamp1 Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated (lysosomal marker) antibody (R&D systems, Cat# IC7985G) at 1:10 or a rabbit anti-CD71 (transferrin receptor, endosomal marker) antibody (ThermoFisher Cat# PA5-83022) at 1:200.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Lamp1</div><div>suggested: (Rockland Cat# 200-301-G09, RRID:AB_2611215)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-CD71 (transferrin receptor, endosomal marker)</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After removal of the primary antibody, two washes in PBS and three 3 washes in PBS with 3% BSA, cells were incubated with fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies when applicable at 1:500 (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488, Life technologies, A-11034) for 1 hour at room temperature.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A-11034, RRID:AB_2576217)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-Spike S2 (SinoBiological Cat #40590-T62) was used as the primary antibody and IRDye® 800CW Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (Li-Cor, 925-32211) as the secondary antibody using the Ibind Flex platform.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Spike S2</div><div>suggested: (Imported from the IEDB Cat# S2, RRID:AB_2833224)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were incubated with ACE2-Fc for 20 minutes and, after a washing step, were then labeled with a PE conjugated F(ab’)2-goat anti-human IgG Fc secondary antibody at a 1:100 dilution, incubated for 20 minutes, washed and acquired on flow cytometer.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Fluorescent-conjugated antibodies against mouse CD8β antibody (clone H35-17.2, ThermoFisher), CD4 (clone RM4-5, BD), IFN-γ (clone XMG1.2, BD), and TNF-α (clone MP6-XT22, BD) and staining was performed in the presence of unlabeled anti-CD16/CD32 antibody (clone 2.4G2).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>mouse CD8β</div><div>suggested: (Bio X Cell Cat# BE0223, RRID:AB_2687706)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD4</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 391503, RRID:AB_2721611)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IFN-γ</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>TNF-α</div><div>suggested: (Leinco Technologies Cat# T798, RRID:AB_2832121)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-CD16/CD32</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The cells (2-4 × 105 cells per well of a 96-well plate) were added to the ELISpot plate containing an immobilized primary antibodies to either IFN-γ or IL-4 (BD), and were exposed to various stimuli (e.g. control peptides, target peptide pools/proteins) comprising 2 μg/mL peptide pools or 10 μg/mL protein for 36-40 hours.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IL-4 (BD)</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">ELISA for detection of antibodies: For antibody detection in sera from inoculated mice, ELISAs specific for spike and nucleocapsid antibodies, as well as for IgG subtype (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3) antibodies were used.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IgG subtype (IgG1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IgG3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After incubation, the wells were washed with PBST and 100 μL of a 1/5000 dilution of anti-mouse IgG HRP (GE Health Care; Cat # NA9310V), or anti-mouse IgG1 HRP (Sigma; Cat # SAB3701171), or anti-mouse IgG2a HRP (Sigma; Cat # SAB3701178), or anti-mouse IgG2b HRP (Sigma; catalog# SAB3701185), or anti-mouse IgG3 HRP conjugated antibody (Sigma; Cat # SAB3701192) was added to wells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG2a</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG2b</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Calculation of relative μg amounts of antibodies: A standard curve of IgG was generated and absorbance values were converted into mass equivalents for both anti-S and anti-N antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-N</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The constructs created included: Transfection of HEK 293T cells with hAd5 constructs: To determine surface expression of the RBD epitope by vaccine candidate constructs, we transfected HEK 293T cells with hAd5 construct DNA and quantified surface RBD by flow cytometric detection using anti-RBD antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK 293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Immunocytochemical labeling of hAd5 infected HeLa cells: To determine subcellular localization of N after infection or transfection of HeLa cells with hAd5 N-wild type (WT) or hAd5 N-ETSD (each with a flag tag to allow labeling), 48 hours after infection or transfection cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and permeabilized with 0.4% Triton X100, in PBS) for 15 min.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recombinant ACE2-IgG1Fc protein was produced using Maxcyte transfection in CHO-S cells that were cultured for 14 days.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CHO-S</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Vero E6 cell neutralization assay: All aspects of the assay utilizing virus were performed in a BSL3 containment facility according to the ISMMS Conventional Biocontainment Facility SOPs for SARS-CoV-2 cell culture studies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Vaccination of CD-1 mice with the hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine candidate: CD-1 female mice (Charles River Laboratories) 7 weeks of age were used for immunological studies performed at the vivarium facilities of Omeros Inc. (Seattle, WA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD-1</div><div>suggested: RRID:MGI:2686808)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were harvested 1, 2, 3, and 7 days post transfection by gently pipetting cells into medium and labeled with an anti-RBD monoclonal antibody (clone D003 Sino Biological Catalog # 40150-D003) and F(ab’)2-Goat anti-Human IgG-Fc secondary antibody conjugated with R-phycoerythrin (ThermoFisher Catalog # H10104).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ThermoFisher Catalog</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Fluorescent-conjugated antibodies against mouse CD8β antibody (clone H35-17.2, ThermoFisher), CD4 (clone RM4-5, BD), IFN-γ (clone XMG1.2, BD), and TNF-α (clone MP6-XT22, BD) and staining was performed in the presence of unlabeled anti-CD16/CD32 antibody (clone 2.4G2).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ThermoFisher</div><div>suggested: (ThermoFisher; SL 8; Centrifuge, RRID:SCR_020809)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Flow cytometry was performed using a Beckman-Coulter Cytoflex S flow cytometer and analyzed using Flowjo Software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Flowjo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 14. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No funding statement was detected.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.01.31.929042: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After an incubation period of 1 h at 37 °C, the inoculum was removed and cells were washed with PBS before medium supplemented with anti-VSV-G antibody (I1, mouse hybridoma supernatant from CRL-2700; ATCC) was added (no antibody was added to cells expressing VSV-G).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-VSV-G</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>I1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following primary antibodies were used: Mouse anti-HA tag (Sigma-Aldrich, H3663, 1:2,500), mouse anti-ß-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, A5441, 1:2,000), mouse anti-VSV matrix protein (Kerafast, EB0011, 1:2,500).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-HA</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# H3663, RRID:AB_262051)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-ß-actin</div><div>suggested: (RayBiotech Cat# 168-10656, RRID:AB_2885189)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A5441</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A5441, RRID:AB_476744)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-VSV matrix protein (Kerafast, EB0011</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">As secondary antibody we used a peroxidase-coupled goat anti-mouse antibody (Dianova, 115-035-003, 1:10000).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: (MBL International Cat# D292-3, RRID:AB_10795278)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">293T (human, kidney), BHK-21 (Syrian hamster, kidney cells), Huh-7 (human, liver), LLC-PK1 (pig, kidney), MRC-5 (human, lung), MyDauLu/47.1 (Daubenton’s bat [Myotis daubentonii], lung), NIH/3T3 (Mouse, embryo), RhiLu/1.1 (Halcyon horseshoe bat [Rhinolophus alcyone], lung), Vero (African green monkey, kidney) cells were incubated in Dulbecco’s’ modified Eagle medium (PAN-Biotech).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Huh-7</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MRC-5</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Calu-3 (human, lung), Caco-2 (human, colon), MDBK (cattle, kidney) and MDCK II (Dog, kidney) cells were incubated in Minimum Essential Medium (ThermoFisher Scientific).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Calu-3</div><div>suggested: KCLB Cat# 30055, RRID:CVCL_0609)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Caco-2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MDCK</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 602280/p823_MDCK_(NBL-2, RRID:CVCL_0422)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A549 (human, lung), BEAS-2B (human, bronchus) and NCI-H1299 (human, lung) cells were incubated in DMEM/F-12 Medium with Nutrient Mix (ThermoFisher Scientific).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BEAS-2B</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>NCI-H1299</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Analysis of 2019-nCoV-S expression and particle incorporation by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot: Preparation of whole cell lysates: 293T cells were transfected with expression vectors for HA-tagged 2019-nCoV-S or SARS-S, or empty expression vector (negative control).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Phylogenetic analysis: Phylogenetic analysis (neighbor-joining trees) was performed using the MEGA7.0.26 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MEGA7.0.26</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For all statistical analyses, the GraphPad Prism 7 software package was used (GraphPad Software).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.01.22.914952: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">And the virus were detected using SL-CoV Rp3 NP antibody followed by Cy3-conjugated mouse anti-rabbit IgG.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Rp3 NP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">An anti-Human IgG-HRP conjugated monoclonal antibody (Kyab Biotech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China) was used at a dilution of 1:40000.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Human IgG-HRP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">ACE2 expression was detected using mouse anti-S tag monoclonal antibody followed by FITC-labelled goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (Abcam, ab96879).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-S</div><div>suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab96879, RRID:AB_10687475)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab96879, RRID:AB_10687475)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Viral replication was detected using rabbit antibody against the Rp3 NP protein (made in house, 1:100) followed by cyanin 3-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:50, Abcam, ab6939).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Rp3 NP protein</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab6939, RRID:AB_955021)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following cells were used for virus isolation in this study: Vero, Vero E6, and Huh7 that were cultured in DMEM +10% FBS.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Huh7</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300156/p7178_HuH7, RRID:CVCL_0336)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HeLa cells transiently expressing ACE2 were prepared by a lipofectamine 3000 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in 96-well plate, with mock-transfected cells as controls.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">nCoV-2019 grown from Vero E6 cells was used for infection at multiplicity of infection 0.05.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The following cells were used for virus isolation in this study: Vero, Vero E6, and Huh7 that were cultured in DMEM +10% FBS.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The raw NGS reads were firstly processed by Cutadapt (v1.18) with minimum read length of 30bp.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Cutadapt</div><div>suggested: (cutadapt, RRID:SCR_011841)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">BWA (v0.7.12-r1039) was utilized to align reads to local database with a filter hits parameter at 0.8 FMM value and minimum alignment score at 30.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BWA</div><div>suggested: (BWA, RRID:SCR_010910)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NGS reads were assembled into genomes using Geneious (v11.0.3) and MEGAHIT (v1.2.9).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Geneious</div><div>suggested: (Geneious, RRID:SCR_010519)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sequence alignment and editing were conducted using ClustalW and GeneDoc.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ClustalW</div><div>suggested: (ClustalW, RRID:SCR_017277)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees based on nucleotide sequences of full-length ORF1b and S genes were constructed using the Jukes-Cantor model with bootstrap values determined by 1000 replicates in the MEGA6 software package.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MEGA6</div><div>suggested: (MEGA Software, RRID:SCR_000667)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.26.222026: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">29 Antibodies and reagents: Rabbit anti-DYKDDDDK Tag (D6W5B), rabbit anti-IRF3 (D83B9), rabbit anti-pIRF3 (4D46), rabbit anti-TBK1 (3031S), rabbit anti-pTBK1 (D52C2), and rabbit anti-TRAF3 were from Cell Signaling Technology (</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-DYKDDDDK</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14793, RRID:AB_2572291)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-IRF3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-pIRF3 ( 4D46)</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-TBK1</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14590, RRID:AB_2798527)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-pTBK1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-TRAF3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 568 goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody, and Alexa Fluor 568 goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting: For coimmunoprecipitation assays, HEK293T cells were collected 24 hours after transfection and lysed in lysis buffer [1.0% (v/v) NP-40, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 50 mM EDTA, 0.15 M NaCl] supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, USA) and a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, USA) as described in our previous publications.30,31 After centrifugation for 10 min at 14,000 g, the supernatants were collected and incubated with the indicated antibodies, followed by the addition of protein A/G beads (Santa Cruz, USA)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>NP-40</div><div>suggested: (Covance Cat# MMS-503P-100, RRID:AB_291448)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell culture and transfection: HEK293, HEK293T, HeLa, and Vero-E6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Gibco, USA) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero-E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">32,35 Briefly, approximately 0.5 x 105 HEK293T cells were seeded in 48-well plates and transfected 12 hours later with the luciferase reporter plasmid and the expression vector plasmids of RIG-I, RIG-IN, MDA-5, MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, IRF3-5D, TRIF, and STING, alone or together with the plasmid expressing the SARS-CoV-2 M protein, as indicated in the experiments.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MDA-5</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Viruses and infection: VSV-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and SeV were used to infect HeLa, HEK293, or HEK293T cells as described in our previous publications.30–32 Briefly, before infection, prewarmed serum-free DMEM medium at 37°C was used to wash the target cells, after which the virus was diluted to the desired multiplicity of infection (MOI) in serum-free DMEM and incubated with the target cells for 1-2 hours.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy: Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy studies were performed as described in our previous publications.30,31 Briefly, HeLa cells were grown on 12-well slides one day before transfection with the indicated plasmids.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">32 Briefly, Vero cells were seeded on 24-well plates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For statistical analysis, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-tests were performed by GraphPad Prism 8.0 and Microsoft Excel.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Microsoft Excel</div><div>suggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.08.13.248872: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Contamination: All cell lines were previously tested for mycoplasma contamination and incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium at 37 °C under a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Reagents and antibodies: His-tagged SARS-2-S (S1+S2 ECD; YP_009724390.1;Val16-Pro1213; 40589-V08B1), SARS-2-S1 (YP_009724390.1;Val16-Arg685; 40591-V08H), and SARS-2-S2 (ECD; YP_009724390.1; Ser686-Pro1213; 40591-V08B) proteins were from Sino Biological.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>S1+S2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ECD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>YP_009724390.1;Val16-Pro1213</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>40589-V08B1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SARS-2-S1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>YP_009724390.1;Val16-Arg685</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>40591-V08H</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SARS-2-S2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">An antibody against ACE2 for FACS (21115-1-AP; 1:100 dilution) was from Proteintech.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>21115-1-AP</div><div>suggested: (Proteintech Cat# 21115-1-AP, RRID:AB_10732845)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A PE anti-His antibody (362603, clone J095G46; 1;100 dilution) and an antibody against SR-B1 for FACS (363208, clone m1B9; dilution 1:100) were from Biolegend.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 362603, RRID:AB_2563634)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SR-B1 for FACS ( 363208</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The SARS-CoV-2 S1 antibody (40150-R007) for confocal microscopy was from Sino Biological.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>S1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Then, anti-rabbit or anti-mouse HRP-conjugated antibodies were applied after 3 washes and the antigen-antibody complexes were visualized using chemilumines cence.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse HRP-conjugated</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Flow cytometry for surface SR-B1 or ACE2 expression analysis: Cells were washed with PBS 2 times and incubated with APC-conjugated (APC anti-SR-B1) antibody (1:100) or anti-ACE2 antibody (1:100) followed by a secondary incubation with donkey-anti-rabbit antibody (1:200) conjugated to Alexa Flour 488.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antibody</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After incubating at RT for 30 min, the cells were washed two times with PBS containing 2% FBS and then incubated for 30 min at RT with a PE-conjugated antibody (PE anti-His tag).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His tag) .</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After blocking in 1% normal goat serum, the sections were incubated with ACE2 or SR-B1 monoclonal antibodies at 4□°C overnight in a humidified chamber, which was followed by an incubation with HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Beijing ZSGB Biotechnology, ZDR-5307).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SR-B1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Subsequently, the sections were incubated with a goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (HRP) (Beijing ZSGB Biotechnology, PV9001) for 60 min and then visualized with 3,30-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: (ZSGB-Bio Cat# PV-9001, RRID:AB_2868452)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">, Vero E6 (CRL-1568), MDCK (CCL-34) and Hepa 1-6 (CRL-1830</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MDCK</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Pseudovirus production: All pseudoparticles were generated in 293T cells transfected with the HIV backbone vector pNL4-3.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For chemicals and antibodies, Vero E6 or Huh-7 cells (1.6 ×105 cells/mL) were cultured in a 96-well plate at 37 °C overnight.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Huh-7</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For SR-B1 expression, Vero cells (1.6 ×105 cells/mL) were transfected with a plasmid encoding SR-B1, while Huh-7 cells (1.6 ×105 cells/mL) were transfected with siRNA oligos for SR-B1.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Data were fitted to saturation binding equations using GraphPad Prism 6.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Acoustic Focusing cytometer using Flowjo V10.0.7.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Flowjo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical methods: In the present study, GraphPad Prism 8.0 was used for statistical calculations and data plotting.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.08.15.252437: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics committee (IAEC) No. RR/IAEC/72-2019, Invivo/GP/084.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Guinea Pig Immunizations: Groups of four, female, Hartley strain guinea pigs, (6-8 weeks old, approximately weighing 300 g) were immunized with 20 μg of purified antigen protein diluted in 50 μl PBS, (pH 7.4), and mixed with 50 μl of AddaVax™ adjuvant (vac-adx-10) (1:1 v/v Antigen: AddaVax™ ratio per animal/dose) (InvivoGen, USA).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Genes for the heavy and light chain of the CR3022 antibody were obtained from Genscript (USA) and cloned into the pcDNA3.4 vector Purification of recombinant proteins expressed in Expi293F cells: Transfections were performed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (Gibco, Thermofisher).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CR3022</div><div>suggested: (Imported from the IEDB Cat# CR3022, RRID:AB_2848080)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The expression levels were monitored by dot blot analysis with anti-His tag antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His tag antibodies .</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following this blot was washed and incubated with α-guinea pig ALP conjugated antibody (Sigma) at 1:5000.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>α-guinea pig ALP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following this, Rabbit ALP enzyme conjugated to anti-Guinea Pig IgG secondary antibody (diluted 1:5000 in blocking buffer) (50 μL/well) was added and incubated for 1 hour at 25 °C, 300 rpm (Sigma-Aldrich).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Guinea Pig IgG</div><div>suggested: (LSBio (LifeSpan Cat# LS-C56297-5000, RRID:AB_10379625)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Next, rabbit ALP enzyme conjugated to anti-Human IgG secondary antibody (diluted 1:5000 in blocking buffer) (50 μl/well) was added and samples incubated for 1 hour at 25°C, 300 rpm (Sigma-Aldrich).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Human IgG secondary antibody</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Human IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The wells were incubated with anti-His Antibody (1:10000 dilution) conjugated with Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme for 1 hr at RT following which the reaction was visualized by adding 50μL of the chromogenic substrate, TMB (Thermo Fisher).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His</div><div>suggested: (LSBio (LifeSpan Cat# LS-C67878-100, RRID:AB_1815148)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, the plasmids pCAGGS-SARS2-S and pCAGGS-SARS-S were transiently expressed on HEK 293T cells using Polyethylenimine (PEI) (Polysciences, USA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK 293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Then the viruses were titrated in Vero E6 cells and stored at −80 °C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The unbound tag-free protein was collected and protein concentration was determined by absorbance (A280) using NanoDrop™2000c with the theoretical molar extinction coefficient calculated using the ProtParam tool (ExPASy).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ProtParam</div><div>suggested: (ProtParam Tool, RRID:SCR_018087)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Reference-free 2D classification using single-particle analysis: The evaluation of micrographs was done with EMAN 2.1 (56).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>EMAN</div><div>suggested: (EMAN, RRID:SCR_016867)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Reference free 2D classification of different projections of particle were performed using simple_prime2D of SIMPLE 2.1 software (57</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SIMPLE</div><div>suggested: (SIMPLE, RRID:SCR_009389)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Production of Pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and pseudovirus neutralisation assay: The full-length synthetic construct of Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (GenBank: MN908947) was synthesized from Genewiz, UK.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Genewiz</div><div>suggested: (GENEWIZ, RRID:SCR_003177)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.08.15.252395: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Animal research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and other federal statutes and regulations relating to animal care and experimentation under protocol #4390, approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Kansas State University on April 8, 2020.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following embedding, tissue sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated by a board-certified veterinary pathologist who was blinded to the treatment groups.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Eighteen pigs (mix of males and females, five weeks of age) were used in the study.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Serological testing: To detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera, indirect ELISAs were performed using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) expressed in HEK cells with a C-terminal Strep-Tag and the Nucleocapsid (N) protein expressed in E.coli with a C-terminal His-tag.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>His-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">100 μL anti-pig-IgG or IgM secondary antibodies, conjugated with peroxidase, were diluted 1:2,500 in blocking buffer and then incubated at room temperature for 1 hour, protected from light.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-pig-IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The optical density (OD) value was measured at 450 nm within 5 minutes of adding the stop solution to quantify the amount of antigenbinding antibody present in the sample.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antigenbinding</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Serum from pigs infected with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) and the baculovirus-expressed ASFV-p54 antigen were used as a positive control for anti-pig-IgG or IgM secondary antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IgM</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The virus was passaged three times in VeroE6 cells (ATCC® CRL-1586™), before being passaged two times in swine testicle (ST; ATCC CRL-1746™) and four times in porcine kidney (PK-15; ATCC® CCL-33™) cell lines to investigate suitability of these swine cell lines for propagation of SARS-CoV-2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VeroE6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Serological testing: To detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera, indirect ELISAs were performed using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) expressed in HEK cells with a C-terminal Strep-Tag and the Nucleocapsid (N) protein expressed in E.coli with a C-terminal His-tag.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300192/p777_HEK293, RRID:CVCL_0045)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.08.16.252973: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Rabbit anti-Myc-tag (71D10), rabbit anti-IRF3 (D83B9), rabbit anti-pIRF3 (4D46), rabbit anti-TBK1 (3031S), rabbit anti-pTBK1 (D52C2) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; Mouse anti-MAVS was purchased from Santa Cruz; Mouse anti-actin, mouse anti-V5-tag, and rabbit anti-calnexin were purchased from proteintech; Mouse anti-Flag M2 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Mouse anti-Myc-tag (9E10) was purchased from Origene; Rabbit anti-GM130 was purchased from Abcam; Rabbit anti-Tom20 antibody was purchased from Abclonal; Mouse anti-HA was purchased from MDL biotech.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Myc-tag</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 2278, RRID:AB_490778)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-IRF3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-pIRF3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-TBK1</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14590, RRID:AB_2798527)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-pTBK1 (D52C2)</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-MAVS</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-actin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-V5-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-calnexin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Flag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-GM130</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Tom20</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-HA</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Supernatants were transferred into new tubes after centrifugation for 10 min at 14,000g and further incubated with the indicated antibodies for 3 hours at 4 □ followed by the addition of protein A/G beads (Santa Cruz), or with Anti-Flag magnetic beads (Bimake), anti-Myc magnetic beads (Bimake).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Myc</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Constructs and plasmids: Plasmids expressing RIG-I, RIG-IN, MDA-5, MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, IRF3-5D, TRIF, and STING were cloned into mammalian expression vectors and the luciferase reporter plasmids including pGL3-IFN-β-Luc (IFN-β luciferase reporter) and pGL3-IFN-λ1-Luc (IFN-λ1 luciferase reporter) were constructed by inserting the promoter region into pGL3-Basic (Promega, USA) by standard molecular cloning methods as described in our previous publications.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MDA-5</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell culture: HEK-293, HEK-293T, HeLa, and Vero E6 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), and cultured according to the culture method provide by ATCC.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK-293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300194/p772_HeLa, RRID:CVCL_0030)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The luciferase reporter plasmids and the gene expression plasmids were co-transfected into HEK-293T cells as indicated in each figure legend.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK-293T</div><div>suggested: CCLV Cat# CCLV-RIE 1018, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Viral infection: VSV-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and SeV were used to infect HeLa, HEK293, or HEK293T cells as described in our previous publications.30-32 Briefly, before infection, prewarmed serum-free DMEM medium at 37°C was used to wash the target cells, after which the virus was diluted to the desired multiplicity of infection (MOI) in serum-free DMEM and incubated with the target cells for 1-2 hours.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitation: For Co-IP assay, HEK293T cells were first transfected with the indicated plasmids for 24 h and further lysed in lysis buffer [1.0% (v/v) NP-40, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 50 mM EDTA, 0.15 M NaCl] complemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma), and a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plaque assays: Vero-E6 cells were used to perform plaque assays to determine the titer of VSV-eGFP.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero-E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Simply, Vero cells at approximately 100% confluency cultured in 24-well plates were infected with serial dilutions of VSV-eGFP.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">34 Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-tests by GraphPad Prism 8.0 and Microsoft Excel.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Microsoft Excel</div><div>suggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.08.14.251207: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Matrix processing and substrate scoring: The matrices were normalized by the sum of the 17 randomized amino acids (all amino acids expect for serine, threonine and cysteine), to yield a position specific scoring matrix.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For detection of SRPK1, membranes were incubated with primary antibody (BD cat. no. 611072) at 0.025 µg/mL in PBST containing 5% milk overnight at 4 °C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SRPK1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For detection of GAPDH, membranes were incubated with primary antibody (Cell Signaling, cat. no. 2118S) at a dilution of 1:10,000 in PBST containing 5% milk overnight at 4 °C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GAPDH</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-mouse (Invitrogen cat. no. A16072) and anti-rabbit (Thermo Scientific cat. no. A16104) secondary antibodies were used at 1:20,000 and 1:10,000 dilutions, respectively, in PBST containing 5% milk for 1 hour at room temperature.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were stained with either an anti-dsRNA antibody (J2, Sigma MABE1134) at a 1:125 dilution, or an anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD protein (ProSci #9087) at a 1:150 dilution.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-dsRNA</div><div>suggested: (Millipore Cat# MABE1134, RRID:AB_2819101)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>J2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD protein ( ProSci #9087</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The reactions were run phos-tag gel and blotted with monoclonal anti-N protein antibody (GeneTex).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-N protein</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Samples were incubated with primary antibodies: Prosurfactant protein C (1:500, Milipore, cat# AB3786) and SARS-CoV-2 (1:500, Genetex cat# GTX632604) in blocking buffer at 4°C overnight.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SARS-CoV-2</div><div>suggested: (GeneTex Cat# GTX632604, RRID:AB_2864418)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell culture (Duke): All cells were obtained from ATCC and grown at 37°C in 5% CO2. 293T and A549 and Huh7 cells were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS, Glutamax, and Penicillin/Streptomycin.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Calu-3 cells were grown in EMEM with 10% FBS and Penicillin/Streptomycin.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Calu-3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HCoV-229E infections and titering: A stock of isolate HCoV-229E VR-740 (ATCC) was grown on Huh7 cells in complete media (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep, Glutamax).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Huh7</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For phosphoproteomic analysis, 6×107 Vero E6 or 6×107 A549-ACE2 cells were treated with 5 µM Alectinib or DMSO in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS, 4.5 g/L D-glucose, 4 mM L-glutamine, 10 mM</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Lentiviruses were packaged as per standard protocols with a VSV-G envelope protein, A549 or A549-Cas9 cells were transduced and selected with puromycin at 2μg/mL. siRNA treatment of cells: A549-ACE2 cells were treated with 30μM siRNA (SRPK1: Horizon M-003982-02-0010; Non-targeting: Thermo 4390843) following the HiPerfect (Qiagen) Fast-Forward protocol and plated in 6 well plates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549-Cas9</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549-ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Differential expression analysis: Differential expression analysis of proteins and phosphorylation sites was done using Limma v3.42 package in R (81).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Limma</div><div>suggested: (LIMMA, RRID:SCR_010943)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A BLAST search was performed over each proteome using the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein as the query; the top hit of each virus was taken to be the nucleocapsid.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BLAST</div><div>suggested: (BLASTX, RRID:SCR_001653)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Each designated nucleocapsid was then individually aligned to the SARS- CoV-2 nucleocapsid using MUSCLE.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MUSCLE</div><div>suggested: (MUSCLE, RRID:SCR_011812)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Bacterial colonies were then selected and plasmid DNA isolated using the Genejet Plasmid Miniprep kit (Thermo Fisher Cat# K0503).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Thermo Fisher Cat#</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The SARS-CoV2 primer/probe set were synthesized using IDT DNA based on the sequences provided by the CDC “Research Use Only 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Real-time RT-PCR Primers and Probes” set N1.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Probes”</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Reactions were cycled on the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio 3 Real-Time PCR System and analyzed using QuantStudio software version v1.4.1.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>QuantStudio</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SRPIN340 and SPHINX were suspended in DMSO at 1000X the final concentration indicated, Alectinib at 500X.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SPHINX</div><div>suggested: (SPHINX, RRID:SCR_000534)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.04.282558: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Next, wells were treated with goat-α-human HRP secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HRP</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">With rigorous washing steps in between the proteins were detected with mouse anti-strep-tag-antibodies (IBA) and goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies (Life Biosciences).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Quantifying and plotting fluorescent image data: Image quantification was performed by measuring the intensity of gray pixels of the stained ferret and Syrian hamster lung tissue slides with ImageJ version 1.52p. For stained tissues, background correction was performed by subtracting the average signal intensity of the antibody control from the images stained with ACE2 antibody, SARS-CoV1, and SARS-CoV2 recombinant proteins.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SARS-CoV1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The adapted pCD5 expression vector with an N-terminal HA leader (MKTIIALSYIFCLVFA) peptide, ACE2, and Twin-Strep (WSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSWSHPQFEK); IBA, Germany) was purified from HEK293T cell culture supernatant.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Immunofluorescent cell staining: Vero-E6, A549, and MDCK cells grown on coverslips were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: NCI-DTP Cat# A549, RRID:CVCL_0023)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MDCK</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 602280/p823_MDCK_(NBL-2, RRID:CVCL_0422)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Micrographs were collected using Leginon [37] and then uploaded to Appion [38].</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Leginon</div><div>suggested: (Leginon, RRID:SCR_016731)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">2D processing was undertaken using Relion.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Relion</div><div>suggested: (RELION, RRID:SCR_016274)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">LAS Application Suite X was used as well as ImageJ for the addition of the scale bars.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ImageJ</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plotting means ± standard deviation values were performed in GraphPad Prism v8.0.1.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.08.284737: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell culture: HEK293T cells (293T, ATCC, CRL-3216) and VERO-E6 cells (ATCC, CRL-1586) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2.0 mM L-Glutamine, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate, and 4.5 g/L D-glucose. l1-Hybridoma (CRL-2700) secreting a monoclonal antibody targeting against VSV glycoprotein was cultured in Minimum Essential Medium with Earle’s salts and 2.0 mM L-Glutamine (MEM; Gibco).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CRL-3216</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>l1-Hybridoma</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VSV</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Next they were incubated with the mouse monoclonal antibody targeting Flag tag (9A3, #8146S,</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>antibody targeting Flag tag ( 9A3</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 8146, RRID:AB_10950495)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After three rounds of PBS washing, cells were subsequently incubated with 2 μg/ml of the secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 (A11032, Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) diluted in 1% BSA /PBS at room temperature for 30 mins.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A11032</div><div>suggested: (Molecular Probes Cat# A-11032, RRID:AB_2534091)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were subsequently incubated with a mouse monoclonal antibody SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibody (40143-MM05, Sino Biological, China) at 1:500 at 37°C for 1 hour, and then incubated with 2μg/ml of goat anti-mouse secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 (A-11032, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C for 1 hour.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: (Molecular Probes Cat# A-11032, RRID:AB_2534091)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell culture: HEK293T cells (293T, ATCC, CRL-3216) and VERO-E6 cells (ATCC, CRL-1586) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2.0 mM L-Glutamine, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate, and 4.5 g/L D-glucose. l1-Hybridoma (CRL-2700) secreting a monoclonal antibody targeting against VSV glycoprotein was cultured in Minimum Essential Medium with Earle’s salts and 2.0 mM L-Glutamine (MEM; Gibco).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Coronavirus RBD-hFc binding assay: Recombinant SARS-CoV-RBD-hFc and SARS-CoV-2-RBD-hFc proteins were produced by transient transfection of 293T cells with Lipofectamine 3000.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 was amplified on Vero-E6 cells and stored at −150°C, and the titer was determined on Vero-E6 cells through a plaque assay.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero-E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Next, we aligned the deduced ACE2 protein sequences using the MUSCLE program (</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MUSCLE</div><div>suggested: (MUSCLE, RRID:SCR_011812)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The sequence logo was generated with WebLogo (https://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>WebLogo</div><div>suggested: (WEBLOGO, RRID:SCR_010236)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">We performed selective pressure analysis on bat ACE2 using CodeML implemented in PAML (24).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PAML</div><div>suggested: (PAML, RRID:SCR_014932)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Homology-based structural modeling: Molecular models of different bat ACE2 were predicted by I-TASSER (Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement) version 5.1 (31).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>I-TASSER</div><div>suggested: (I-TASSER, RRID:SCR_014627)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The structural alignment and visualization were implemented in PyMOL (33).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PyMOL</div><div>suggested: (PyMOL, RRID:SCR_000305)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.14.295956: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Protein expression and purification: Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD fused with Fc/His tag (S-RBD-His) was produced in 293T cells and purified with Protein A Agarose (Thermo Fisher Scientific).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The mixture was transferred to 293T expressing human ACE2 stable cell line cells.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ACE2</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_DR94)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.04.29.068098: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Expression and purification of HCoV-19 spike ectodomain and hACE2: HCoV-19 S gene (virus isolate: Wuhan Hu-1; GenBank number QHD43416.1) was synthesized (Genscript) with codons optimized for insect cell expression.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HCoV-19</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The extracellular domain of hACE2 (Gln18-Ser740, NP_068576.1) with C-terminal Fc tag was expressed in HEK 293 cells were purified by protein A sepharose beads (GE Healthcare).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK 293</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300192/p777_HEK293, RRID:CVCL_0045)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The MS and MS/MS spectra were recorded using the Xcalibur software 2.3 (Thermo Scientific, USA)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Xcalibur</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Xcalibur, RRID:SCR_014593)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Bioinformatics: The acquired MS raw files from deglycosylated peptides were searched by MaxQuant (version 1.6.10.43) against the human ACE2 sequence from UniProtKB and HCoV-19 S sequence (YP_009724390.1_3) from NCBI.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MaxQuant</div><div>suggested: (MaxQuant, RRID:SCR_014485)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>UniProtKB</div><div>suggested: (UniProtKB, RRID:SCR_004426)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The modified residues within each model were generated with Coot (Emsley et al., 2010).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Coot</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All structural figures were performed by PyMOL (Schrödinger Inc. U.S.A.).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PyMOL</div><div>suggested: (PyMOL, RRID:SCR_000305)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.18.302901: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Equal portions of the cell lysate were run on a 15% SDS-PAGE gel and blotted onto a PVDF membrane, which was subsequently probed with HRP Anti-Strep tag antibody (Abcam) and developed with an ECL substrate (Amersham Biosciences).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Strep tag antibody ( Abcam )</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T, Expi293F and HeLa cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium (DMEM) or Expi293 Expression Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco) at 37 °C with 5% CO2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Movies were motion-corrected and dose-weighted using MotionCor2 (Zheng et al., 2017).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MotionCor2</div><div>suggested: (MotionCor2, RRID:SCR_016499)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Patch contrast transfer function (CTF) estimation was performed using cryoSPARC (Punjani et al., 2017).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>cryoSPARC</div><div>suggested: (cryoSPARC, RRID:SCR_016501)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Inspection, model building, and manual adjustment were carried out in Coot (Emsley and Cowtan, 2004).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Coot</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Real-space refinement was performed using PHENIX (Adams et al., 2010).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PHENIX</div><div>suggested: (Phenix, RRID:SCR_014224)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All representations of densities and structural models were generated using Chimera, ChimeraX (Goddard et al., 2018), and Pymol (DeLano, 2002).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Pymol</div><div>suggested: (PyMOL, RRID:SCR_000305)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Image data were analyzed and quantified using Image J (NIH) or MetaXpress software (Molecular Devices).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Image J</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MetaXpress</div><div>suggested: (MetaXpress, RRID:SCR_016654)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All graphs were plotted and analyzed with GraphPad Prism 5 software. p > 0.05 was considered statistically not significant, and the following denotations were used: **p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 12 and 13. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.29.318196: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Transfection: Adherent HEK293 cells were grown to ∼90% confluence in a 9 cm diameter cell culture dish at 37°C, 5% CO2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Plasmids: The DNA coding for the IFNα2-eYFP-FLAGtag-PreScission_site-S_RBD-8xHis-tag-StopStop fusion protein was ordered from Genewiz, cloned into the HindIII and XbaI sites of pcDNA 4/TO (Invitrogen).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Genewiz</div><div>suggested: (GENEWIZ, RRID:SCR_003177)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.22.308965: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">CR3022, a SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibody, and dengue antibody, DEN3, were used as positive and negative controls for the assay, respectively.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>DEN3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">ELISA binding: 96-well half-area plates (Corning cat. #3690, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were coated overnight at 4°C with 2 ug/ml of mouse anti-His-tag antibody (Invitrogen cat. #MA1-21315-1MG</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After the washes, a secondary antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (AffiniPure goat anti-human IgG Fc fragment specific, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories cat. #109-055-008) diluted 1:1000 in 1% BSA/PBS-T, was added to each well.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>AffiniPure goat anti-human IgG Fc fragment specific</div><div>suggested: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 109-005-008, RRID:AB_2337534)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-human IgG</div><div>suggested: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 109-055-008, RRID:AB_2337601)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A mixture of fluorescently labeled antibodies to cell surface markers was prepared, including antibodies specific for the T cell markers CD3(APC Cy7, BD Pharmingen #557757), CD4(APC-Cy7, Biolegend #317418) and CD8(APC-Cy7, BD Pharmingen</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD3</div><div>suggested: (Fitzgerald Industries International Cat# 61R-CD3gHUCY5, RRID:AB_1283253)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD4</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 317418, RRID:AB_571947)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>APC-Cy7</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD8</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids encoding full-length coronavirus spikes including SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HCoV-NL63</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_RW88)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Neutralization assay: Under BSL2/3 conditions, MLV-gag/pol and MLV-CMV plasmids were co-transfected into HEK293T cells along with full-length or variously truncated SARS-CoV1 and SARS-COV2 spike plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000 to produce single-round of infection competent pseudo-viruses.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">. 293T cells were plated in advance overnight with DMEM medium +10% FBS + 1% Pen/Strep + 1% L-glutamine.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>293T</div><div>suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Following the infection, HeLa-hACE2 cells were lysed using 1x luciferase lysis buffer (25mM Gly-Gly pH 7.8, 15mM MgSO4, 4mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa-hACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">20µL of the supernatant was transferred to a 384-well plate seeded with 2E3 HeLa-ACE2 cells and incubated for an additional 24 hours at 34°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa-ACE2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The extend of biotinylation was evaluated by BioLayer Interferometry binding value using streptavidin biosensors.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BioLayer</div><div>suggested: (Harvard Medical School Center for Macromolecular Interactions Core Facility, RRID:SCR_018270)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After another two washes, stained cells were analyzed using flow cytometry (BD Lyrics cytometers), and the binding data were generated by calculating the percent (%) PE-positive cells for antigen binding using FlowJo 10 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FlowJo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The absorbance was measured after 8, 20, and 30 minutes, and was recorded at an optical density of 405 nm (OD405) using a VersaMax microplate reader (Molecular Devices), where data were collected using SoftMax software version 5.4.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SoftMax</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Gibson assembly products were finally transformed into competent E.coli cells and single colonies were picked for sequencing and analysis on IMGT V-Quest online tool (http://www.imgt.org) as well as downstream plasmid production for antibody expression.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>http://www.imgt.org</div><div>suggested: (IMGT - the international ImMunoGeneTics information system, RRID:SCR_012780)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">10µL of human polyclonal sera diluted 1:500 in Perm/Wash Buffer (BD Biosciences)was added to the plate and incubated at RT for 2 hours.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BD Biosciences)was</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The PFU/mL of the monocyte plate supernatant was calculated and graphed using Prism 8 software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Prism</div><div>suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The Leginon software 37 was used to automate data collection on a FEI Tecnai Spirit (120keV), paired a FEI Eagle 4k x 4k camera.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Leginon</div><div>suggested: (Leginon, RRID:SCR_016731)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">RELION 3.0 40 was used to generate the 2D class averages.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>RELION</div><div>suggested: (RELION, RRID:SCR_016274)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.29.175844: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Ethics statement: All animal experiments are performed according to Swedish Animal Welfare Act SFS 1988:534 and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Malmö/Lund, Sweden.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Primary antibodies against the His-tag (1:2000, Invitrogen) were followed by secondary HRP conjugated antibody (1:2000, Dako, Denmark), for detection of S protein.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>His-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In another set of experiments, 2 μg of SARS-Cov-2 S protein were incubated with 0.25 mg/ml of LPS and Lipid A from E. coli, LPS from P. aeruginosa, LTA and PGN from S. aureus, and zymosan from S. cerevisiae.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>P . aeruginosa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The image was obtained using a Gel Doc Imager (Bio-Rad Laboratories,</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Bio-Rad Laboratories</div><div>suggested: (Bio-Rad Laboratories, RRID:SCR_008426)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Evaluation of the spectra was performed with Xcalibur v 2.0.7. software (from Thermo Fisher Scientific, San José, CA).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Xcalibur</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Xcalibur, RRID:SCR_014593)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analysis, as indicated in each figure legend, were performed using GraphPad Prism software v8.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad Prism</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 23. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.09.195263: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Anti-His-tag antibodies were loaded to a SA sensor chip by NHS to capture the His-tag labeled S trimer.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-His-tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>His-tag labeled S trimer.</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The antibodies were in vitro expressed using HEK293 cells, and the binding specificities were quantity by ELISA against the Spike protein and the RBD protein, as described previously.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300192/p777_HEK293, RRID:CVCL_0045)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Pre-mixed Huh-7 cells were added to all wells and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and supplied with 5% CO2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Huh-7</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The Fabs of BD-236, BD-604, and BD-629 were obtained by transient transfection in HEK293F cells using polyethylenimine (Polysciences) when the cell density reached 1 million cells/mL.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293F</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_6642)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IC50 and IC80 were determined by a four-parameter logistic regression using GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software Inc.)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">All structures were solved by the molecular replacement method using the Phaser program (McCoy et al., 2007) in Phenix (Liebschner et al., 2019).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Phaser</div><div>suggested: (Phaser, RRID:SCR_014219)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Phenix</div><div>suggested: (Phenix, RRID:SCR_014224)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The structural models were then manually adjusted in Coot (Emsley et al., 2010) and refined using Phenix.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Coot</div><div>suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Movies were recorded on a K2 Summit direct electron detector (Gatan) using the SerialEM software (Mastronarde, 2005), in the super-resolution mode at a nominal magnification of 130,000, with an exposure rate of 7.1875 e-/Å2 per second.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SerialEM</div><div>suggested: (SerialEM, RRID:SCR_017293)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Raw movie frames were aligned and averaged into motion-corrected summed images with a pixel size of 1.055 Å by MotionCor2 (Zheng et al., 2017).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MotionCor2</div><div>suggested: (MotionCor2, RRID:SCR_016499)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Figures were prepared using Pymol (Schrödinger) and UCSF Chimera.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Pymol</div><div>suggested: (PyMOL, RRID:SCR_000305)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.15.340612: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Proteins were stained using primary antibodies against β-actin (1:10,000, AC-15, Sigma), strep II-tag (1:1,000, NBP2-43735, Novus), strep II-tag (1:2,000, ab76949, abcam), GAPDH (1:1,000, 607902, Biolegend), pSTAT1 (1:1,000, Y701, Cell Signaling Technology), STAT1 (1:1,000, 9172S, Cell Signaling Technology), pSTAT2 (1:1,000, Y690, Cell Signaling Technology), STAT2 (1:1,000, 4594S, Cell Signaling Technology), IFNAR1 (1:1,000, ab45172, abcam), p62 (1:1,000, GP62-N, ProGen), LC3a/β (1:200</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>β-actin</div><div>suggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A5441, RRID:AB_476744)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GAPDH</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 607902, RRID:AB_2734503)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>pSTAT1</div><div>suggested: (Fluidigm Cat# 3153003, RRID:AB_2661824)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Y701 , Cell Signaling Technology) , STAT1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>9172S , Cell Signaling Technology) , pSTAT2 ( 1:1,000 , Y690 , Cell Signaling Technology) , STAT2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IFNAR1</div><div>suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab45172, RRID:AB_775764)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>p62</div><div>suggested: (Progen Cat# GP62-N, RRID:AB_2801426)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GP62-N</div><div>suggested: (Progen Cat# GP62-N, RRID:AB_2801426)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>LC3a/β</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">, M2, Sigma), V5-tag (1:1,000, D3H8Q, Cell Signaling Technology), SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike antibody (1:1000, 1A9, Biozol), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>V5-tag</div><div>suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 13202, RRID:AB_2687461)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The cells were stained using primary antibodies against strep II-tag (1:200, NBP2-43735, Novus) and TGN46 (1:400, AHP500GT, Bio Rad), secondary antibodies fluorescently labelled with AlexaFluor568 targeting rabbit-IgGs (1:400, A10042, Invitrogen) and AlexaFluor647 targeting sheep-IgG (1:400, A21448, Invitrogen), and DAPI (1:1,000) to stain nuclei.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>NBP2-43735</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>TGN46</div><div>suggested: (Bio-Rad Cat# AHP500GT, RRID:AB_2203291)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A10042</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A10042, RRID:AB_2534017)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>AlexaFluor647 targeting sheep-IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A21448</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell lines and cell culture and viruses: HEK293T cells were purchased from American type culture collection (ATCC: #CRL3216).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: ATCC Cat# CRL-3216, RRID:CVCL_0063)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Generation of stable THP-1 cells: THP-1 cell liens were generated by transduction with lentivirus generated with the indicated pLVX-EF1alpha vectors (kind gift from Nevan Krogan), as well as packaging vectors psPax2 and pMD2.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>THP-1</div><div>suggested: CLS Cat# 300356/p804_THP-1, RRID:CVCL_0006)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Immunofluorescence: HeLa GL cells were transfected using TransIT-LT1 and grown on coverslips in 24-well plates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa GL</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by immune modulation: 300,000 Calu-3 cells were seeded in 12-well plates.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Calu-3</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The viruses were propagated by infecting 70% confluent Vero E6 in 75 cm2 cell culture flasks at a MOI of 0.003 in 3.5 ml serum-free medium containing 1 μg/ml trypsin.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Vero E6</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Proteome analysis: For the proteome analysis of infected cells, 0.6×106 Caco-2 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 BetaCoV/Netherlands/01/NL/2020 at an MOI of 0.5 and harvested 24 h and 48 h post infection with TM lysis buffer supplemented with 1:500 protease inhibitor.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Caco-2</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Images were acquired using a Zeiss LSM710 and analyzed with Fiji ImageJ.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Fiji</div><div>suggested: (Fiji, RRID:SCR_002285)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>ImageJ</div><div>suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD021899.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PRIDE</div><div>suggested: (Pride-asap, RRID:SCR_012052)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">MaxQuant 1.6.15.0 was used to identify proteins and quantify by LFQ with the following parameters: Database, Uniprot_AUP000005640_Hsapiens_20200120.fasta supplemented with the sequences of NSP1_V5, NSP7_V5, NSP15_V5, NSP16_V5, E_V5, M_V5, N_V5, S_V5, ORF3_V5, ORF6_V5, ORF7_V5 and Spike protein from SARSCoV239; MS tol, 10ppm; MS/MS tol, 20ppm</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MaxQuant</div><div>suggested: (MaxQuant, RRID:SCR_014485)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">GO Analysis: From the proteome of the respective samples, proteins regulated more than 4-fold compared to the vector control were extracted and submitted to PANTHER (cellular component analysis).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PANTHER</div><div>suggested: (PANTHER, RRID:SCR_004869)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">We used MATLAB 2019b for the half-life analysis.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MATLAB</div><div>suggested: (MATLAB, RRID:SCR_001622)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad PRISM 8 (GraphPad Software).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad PRISM</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.19.344713: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The antibodies used in this study were the following: rabbit anti-RBD polyclonal antibody (Sino Biological, #40592-T62), mouse anti-Actin monoclonal antibody (ProteinTech, 60008-1-Ig)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-RBD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Actin</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">mouse anti-his tag monoclonal antibody (Abmart, M20001S), mouse anti-DDK/Flag tag monoclonal antibody (Abmart, M20008L), HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (ZSBIO, ZB-5301), HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG (ZSBIO, ZB-5305).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-his tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-DDK/Flag tag</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Rabbit IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">After treatment with 1% triton-100 for 15 min and blocking with unimmunized goat serum for 1 h, cells were incubated with the anti-his tag antibody overnight at 4°C, and then detected with donkey anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated with alexa fluor plus 488nm (Invitrogen, USA)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A32766, RRID:AB_2762823)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells and transfection: Human kidney cell line HEK-293 and lung cancer cell line A549 were purchased from the Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK-293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In order to evaluate the effect of polydatin and lonidamine on virus replication, 2×105 A549 cells were seeded into 12-wells plates and infected with Ad11 virus (MOI=0.5) in serum-free medium.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Potential TFs on the promoter (upstream 1000bp) of TRL-TAA-4-1 were predicted with JASPAR software (relative profile score threshold was 80%) and Venny 2.1 software was used to performed the gene overlap analysis.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>JASPAR</div><div>suggested: (JASPAR, RRID:SCR_003030)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The signalling pathway and functional enrichment analysis of related genes were performed with Metascape.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Metascape</div><div>suggested: (Metascape, RRID:SCR_016620)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>

    1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.22.349951: (What is this?)

      Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

      Table 1: Rigor

      <table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Institutional Review Board Statement</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">IACUC: Animals and in vivo procedures: Animal husbandry and all experimental procedures were approved by the local animal ethics council and were performed in accordance with national and international laws and policies on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (UE Directive 2010/63/UE; Italian Legislative Decree 26/2014).<br>Consent: SARS-CoV2 microneutralization assay: Human sera derived from post-convalescent COVID-19 patients after signing of an informed consent, in the frame of a project aimed at following up patients.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cell Line Authentication</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>

      Table 2: Resources

      <table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">An HA tag, derived from the human influenza hemagglutinin protein, and composed of a 9-amino acid peptide sequence, Tyr-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Val-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Ala, was fused downstream of the last SARS-CoV2 S aa (Thr1273) flanked at its 5’ and 3’ side by a Gly and a Ser, respectively, to facilitate antigen expression detection by the widely commercially available HA antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>human influenza hemagglutinin protein ,</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HA</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Infected cells were blocked at the indicated time points with ice-cold methanol, incubated with Anti-Hexon primary antibody (Abcam) followed by detection with secondary anti-Mouse IgG Peroxidase (Sigma) and Vector NovaRED substrate kit for peroxidase (Vectorlabs).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Anti-Hexon</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-Mouse IgG Peroxidase ( Sigma )</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">50ug of clarified lysates were loaded onto 4-12% acrylamide gel (Thermo Fisher), transferred onto iBlot 2 NC Mini Stacks membranes (Invitrogen) and incubated with the anti-HA (Abcam) or anti-RBD (Sino Biological) primary antibodies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-RBD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Detection of the SARS CoV-2 spike protein was achieved by incubation with an anti-rabbit (Sigma) secondary antibody, followed by ECL (Invitrogen) incubation, and images were taken using a Chemidoc (Biorad).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-rabbit</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were then stained with Live/Dead fixable dye (Invitrogen); recombinant human His-tagged ACE-2 protein (RayBiotech) was incubated on cells before adding any antibodies, then detected with anti-His antibody (Sigma).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-His</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Antibody binding was detected with goat anti-mouse IgG mAb conjugated with AlexaFluor 647 fluorochrome (Sigma).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">In brief: optimized amount of proteins in 100μl volume were bound to Ni-NTA plates/strips for 1h at 25°C in shaking (1 μg/ml for full length Spike, 2 μg/ml for R121, 0.5 μg/ml for RBD); plates were then incubated with serial dilutions of sera for 2h at 25°C in shaking, then binding was detected with specific alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies (anti-mouse total IgG and anti-monkey total IgG from Sigma and anti-mouse IgG1 and IgG2a from BD Biosciences)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse total IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-monkey total IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse IgG1</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">ELISpot: For ELISpot assays, MSIP 96 well plates were from Millipore (Multiscreen filter plates) and anti-mouse or anti-monkey IFNγ or IL4 capture and detection antibodies were all from U-CyTech.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-mouse</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-monkey IFNγ</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IL4</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Cells were plated at 1×106 per well in a 96-well round bottom plate and stimulated with either SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool S1 or S2, or with DMSO as negative control, all in presence of anti-CD28 antibody, for 18h (mouse cells) or 5h (monkey cells) in the presence of Brefeldin-A (Sigma).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-CD28</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Mouse Antibodies: CD3 AlexaFluor647, CD4 BV421, CD8 BUV395, IL-17a PerCP-Cy 5.5, IFNγ BV650, IL2 APC-R700 (from BD Biosciences), IL-4 PE, IL-13 PE (Invitrogen).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD8</div><div>suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 563795, RRID:AB_2722501)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IL-17a</div><div>suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 506930, RRID:AB_2686975)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>PerCP-Cy</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>IL-13 PE</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NPH Antibodies: CD3 AF700, CD4 PerCP-Cy 5.5, CD8 PE (from BD Biosciences)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD3</div><div>suggested: (SouthernBiotech Cat# 8200-27, RRID:AB_2796424)</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>CD4</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Cell Lines</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The filtered material was inoculated into monolayers of A549 cultivated in DMEM completed with 10</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>A549</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, 8×104 HEK293 cells per well were seeded in 96 well plates the day before the assay.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">HeLa cells infection and S2/ACE2 staining: HeLa cells were plated at 5×105 cells/well in 6-well plates two days prior infection to allow adhesion, then infected with GRAd vectors at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 150 for 48h.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HeLa</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">ELISA assay on mouse sera were performed with His-tagged SARS-CoV-2 full length Spike protein (produced in baculovirus, SinoBiological), while ELISA with monkey sera were performed with a trimeric his-tagged stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein produced in-house in Expi293 cells or with a commercial RBD (ACROBiosystems).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Expi293</div><div>suggested: RRID:CVCL_D615)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Briefly, 1.5 × 106 HEK293T cells were seeded overnight in a 10 cm diameter Primaria-coated dish (Corning).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HEK293T</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">For infectivity and neutralization assays, either 1.5×104 HuH7 cells or 2×104 VeroE6 cells/well were plated in white 96-well tissue culture plates (Corning) and incubated overnight at 37°C.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>HuH7</div><div>suggested: None</div></div><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>VeroE6</div><div>suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Serum from naïve BALB/c animals are routinely tested at 1:100 dilution as negative control in ELISA, and the resulting OD is nearly at the level of secondary Ab alone, therefore for mouse experiments baseline titers cannot be detected, calculated and plotted.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>BALB/c</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Group C adenovirus assignment for GRAd32 was based on a phylogenetic analysis of aligned adenoviral polymerase sequences using a bootstrap-confirmed Maximum Likelihood tree (500 replicates) calculated with MEGA 10.1.7 (21)</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MEGA</div><div>suggested: (Mega BLAST, RRID:SCR_011920)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Polymerase sequences were aligned with MUSCLE (23).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>MUSCLE</div><div>suggested: (MUSCLE, RRID:SCR_011812)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sample acquisition was performed on a LSR Fortessa-X20 cytofluorimeter (BD biosciences) and sample analysis was performed with FlowJo (TreeStar).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>FlowJo</div><div>suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV2 microneutralization assay: Human sera derived from post-convalescent COVID-19 patients after signing of an informed consent, in the frame of a project aimed at following up patients.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Human</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">: GraphPad Prism version 8 for Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, USA) was used for graphs and statistical analysis.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>GraphPad</div><div>suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)</div></div></td></tr></table>

      Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


      Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

      Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04528641</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">GRAd-COV2 Vaccine Against COVID-19</td></tr></table>


      Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


      Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


      Results from rtransparent:
      • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
      • No protocol registration statement was detected.

      <footer>

      About SciScore

      SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

      </footer>