10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2022
    1. apply Fermat's stationary point theorem directly.)

      similar to above proof

      一般化了 不需要endpoint 都等于0 直接得出 闭区间 必有derivative equals zero的点

    1. Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland. The landing was witnessed by Cecil King and T. Sawyer. When a farm hand asked, "Have you flown far?" Earhart replied, "From America".[101][102]

      Annotation for aviation. </br>A piece of "Original Fabric" added to a description of the Lockheed Vega 5B plane flown by Amelia Earhart. She became the first woman to make a nonstop transatlantic solo flight and landed near Derry, Northern Ireland, on this day in 1932. #Annotate22 141/365 Image credit: San Diego Air and Space Museum.

    1. linkback is what the publisher of the page being referred to receives.

      4 IndyWeb

      linkback is complicated because it is intermediated via servers what happens when every indyvidual can be a first class netizen with autonomous agency a hub to themselves

    1. A trackback allows one website to notify another about an update.[1]

      4 IndyWeb

      interpersonal trackforward

      as attention moves all indyvidual sources that are relevant come to view and the relevant resources can be asked for availability of updates

    1. Elige tu propia aventura , publicada por Bantam Books , fue una de las series infantiles más populares durante las décadas de 1980 y 1990, vendiendo más de 250 millones de copias entre 1979 y 1998. [2] Cuando Bantam, ahora propiedad de Random House , permitió la La marca comercial Choose Your Own Adventure caducó , la serie fue relanzada por Chooseco , que ahora posee la marca comercial. Chooseco no reedita títulos de Packard, quien ha iniciado su propio sello, U-Ventures.

      Fue una de las series mas sutiles durante la época de 1990

    1. African Affairs

      Me parece que este elemento es muy importante, la referencia visual, sumada al resumen de la información, lo hacen muy útil y accesible para explicar lo que es la revista.

    1. applied issues in micro- and macroeconomics, including industrial organization, international economics, labor economics, finance, money and banking, growth, public finance, political economy, law and economics, and environmental economics.

      Enumerar temas que incluye la revista.

    1. In 2016, an anonymous group of economists collaboratively wrote a note alleging academic misconduct by the authors and editor of a paper published in the American Economic Review.[15][16] The note was published under the name Nicolas Bearbaki in homage to Nicolas Bourbaki.[17]

      Críticas a la revista.

    1. It is the official journal of the European Society of Population Economics and is published by Springer Science+Business Media in collaboration with POP at UNU-MERIT and the Global Labor Organization

      Institución que la edita

    2. The Journal of Population Economics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on economic and demographic problems

      Frecuencia de publicación + [[tipo de dictaminación]] + [[revista científica]] + enfoque y alcance.

    1. he 'process' in process art refers to the process of the formation of art: the gathering, sorting, collating, associating, and patterning. Process art is concerned with the actual doing; art as a rite, ritual, and performance

      surfing waves #frisoart

    1. Yogi Berra

      Annotation for direction. </br>"When you come to a fork in the road, take it." </br>"Yogi Berra Way" street sign added to the Montclair, NJ, neighborhood where Berra lived. Edgewood Rd/Ter is a loop and the road winds up where it starts. Berra was born on this day, May 12, in 1925. #Annotate22 132/365

    1. Black variant

      The pictures have captions which can be picked up by screen reader applications that the visually impaired readers may pick up on. However, I did learn that having alt codes creates a description of the image that will be picked up on by the screen reader. Instead of just saying "black variant", a descriptive message will be in the alt code.

    2. Download as PDF

      The article is adaptable. If the screen reader has a hard time reading on this website directly, it might be useful for the reader to download it as a pdf or even a printable version. This can avoid issues with the screen reader. All the essential information is being included and allows the user to obtain the same information other people do.

    3. Description

      Clear headings help the user navigate throughout the article. As we learned, screen readers usually look for headers to follow the article so this will make it easier for the screen reader to pick up on necessary information.

    4. Animalia

      It is well known that the blue text on Wikipedia pages are linked to pages with more information. People who are visually impaired or people with motor disabilities may appreciate the ability to use the tab function on the keyboard to go through the blue text on the site. I tried to click tab through the article and to access the linked site I clicked enter which would help users learn even more. Having these keyboard functions work on the site helps with accessibility.

    5. Variable oystercatcher

      The website has a simple design. It is easy to find what exactly you are looking for. It doesn't have a bunch of colours or various fonts which can be hard to look at for someone who has sensitive vision. For someone who is colourblind, there are not colours that distinguish categories or sections of information, so the experience using it is not going to be harder for someone who is colourblind.

    1. grayscale photograph can be converted to a dithered black-and-white image using thresholding, with the leftover amount from each pixel added to the next pixel along the Hilbert curve.

      Making a ditherer would be a rewarding project!

    1. United States examples

      Most supporting citations for this section come from daily newspaper editorials. It should be taken with a grain of salt.

    1. Whig history (or Whig historiography), often appearing as whig history, is an approach to historiography that presents history as a journey from an oppressive and benighted past to a "glorious present".[1] The present described is generally one with modern forms of liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy: it was originally a satirical term for the patriotic grand narratives praising Britain's adoption of constitutional monarchy and the historical development of the Westminster system.[2] The term has also been applied widely in historical disciplines outside of British history (e.g. in the history of science) to describe "any subjection of history to what is essentially a teleological view of the historical process".[3] When the term is used in contexts other than British history, "whig history" (lowercase) is preferred.[3]

      Stemming from British history, but often applied in other areas including the history of science, whig history is a historiography that presents history as a path from an oppressive, backward, and wretched past to a glorious present. The term was coined by British Historian Herbert Butterfield in The Whig Interpretation of History (1931). It stems from the British Whig party that advocated for the power of Parliament as opposed to the Tories who favored the power of the King.


      It would seem to be an unfortunate twist of fate for indigenous science and knowledge that it was almost completely dismissed when the West began to dominate indigenous cultures during the Enlightenment which was still heavily imbued with the influence of scholasticism. Had religion not played such a heavy role in science, we may have had more respect and patience to see and understand the value of indigenous ways of knowing.

      Link this to notes from The Dawn of Everything.

    1. In Nora's words, "A lieu de mémoire is any significant entity, whether material or non-material in nature, which by dint of human will or the work of time has become a symbolic element of the memorial heritage of any community (in this case, the French community)"[2

      Vol 1 p. xvii

    1. The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized state for most of its history, composed of hundreds of smaller states, most of which operated with some degree of independent sovereignty. Although in the earlier part of the Middle Ages, under the Salian and Hohenstaufen emperors, it was relatively centralized, as time went on the Emperor lost more and more power to the Princes.

      Is the Holy Roman Empire the better 'imperial' prototype?

    1. It was first achieved in 1954 by Roger Bannister, at age 25, in 3:59.4.

      Annotation for 3:59.4. </br>“Here at the Iffley Road Track the first sub-four minute mile was run on 6th May 1954 by Roger Bannister.” A plaque at the University of Oxford marks Bannister’s achievement 68 years ago today. Hicham El Guerrouj's current WR is 3:43.13. #Annotate22 126/365

    1. The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power, owing to its location along the Ring of Fire zone of Pacific volcanoes.[1]

      It's possibility that the Philippines may not have completely harnesses all available geothermal resources.

    1. Organized crime operates on a small scale. Drug trafficking, petty theft, and home burglary rings typify organized crime, which is often associated within immigrant youth communities or transiting criminal rings from outside of Norway

      why are they permitted to stay?

    1. 微软宣布开源 3D Movie Maker,源代码采用 MIT 许可证发布在 GitHub 上。3D Movie Maker 是微软在 1995 年发布的儿童计算机程序,用户可以将 3D 人物和道具放置在预渲染环境,添加动作、声效、音乐、文字、语音和特效去制作电影。著名的 Comic Sans 字体最早就是在 3D Movie Maker 中引入的。

    1. H.G.威尔斯有一则短篇小说叫做《盲人国》。在一个与世隔绝的山谷里有一个盲人国,山谷里气候宜人水草充足,但一场奇怪的疾病突然降临,所有新出生的孩子和大一点的孩子都看不见了,年轻人的视野越来越模糊,老年人也逐渐近视。在最后一个有视力的人死去之后,他们继续生活下去,逐渐忘记了外面的世界,也发明出了许多适合的生活方式。唯有一个外来者成功地闯入了盲人国,他发现盲人国里的人过于熟悉看不见的生活,他们依赖触摸和气味,将看见当成是神志不清,坚信宇宙是一个罐子,顶部有一个顶盖。

      盲人国经历十几代,其中最有智慧的人已经开始怀疑那些来自有视力先人的传统和信仰,“他们的想象力随着眼球一起萎缩了,同时另一种新的想象力却随着耳朵和手指变得灵敏而得到了增加。”他们的时间也分为冷暖,他们在冷时(夜晚)工作,暖时(白天)睡觉,这与外来者的作息完全相反。尽管看不见,他们创造出的方式正符合他们生活的需要,于是生活得像岩间的骆马无忧无虑。外来者与盲人的矛盾越来越激烈,他讲述的星空、高山、云朵是对于他们信仰的亵渎,是他们厌恶的虚无缥缈,认为外来者是因为理智不够发达才会充满幻想,应该多多向他们学习,而他竟然也不能向他们证实有视力的优越。

      在一场失败的武装争辩之后,为了能在盲人国幸存,他不再承认自己能看见,“看见”纯属蠢话,毫无意义,他也承认宇宙是一个罐子,顶部有一个盖子——因为他不这么说,就没有吃的。他的待遇也并不糟糕,盲人仅把他的判断当成是低劣愚昧的证明,他们派他去做简单的重活,但仍反对他在天黑时睡觉,还找了一个哲学家专门跟他谈话祛除他轻浮无知的念头,哲学家的灌输与证明让他差点怀疑自己的看见是一种幻觉。

      后来,他在这里与一位盲人姑娘相爱,他与她分享看见的故事,她将他对星空、山河和她自己美貌的讲述当做一种不良嗜好,虽然不相信但是很喜欢。但他们的恋爱并不被外界接纳,因为村民觉得他能看见,是个白痴。为了治愈他、使他真正地适应盲人国,他们决定为他进行一个移除眼睛的手术。为了能成为高等公民,与心上人长相厮守,他同意做手术成为盲人。

    1. protocols are a class of consensus mechanisms for blockchains that work by selecting validators in proportion to their quantity of holdings in the associated cryptocurrency. This is done to avoid the computational cost of proof of work schemes.

      Proof-of Stake (holding) Less energy consumption than Proof-of-work

    1. Issues in Ethereum smart contracts, in particular, include ambiguities and easy-but-insecure constructs in its contract language Solidity, compiler bugs, Ethereum Virtual Machine bugs, attacks on the blockchain network, the immutability of bugs and that there is no central source documenting known vulnerabilities, attacks and problematic constructs.

      SC ETHEREUM, Security issues

    2. The most popular blockchain for running smart contracts is Ethereum.[32] On Ethereum, smart contracts are typically written in a Turing-complete programming language called Solidity,[33] and compiled into low-level bytecode to be executed by the Ethereum Virtual Machine.[34] Due to the halting problem and other security problems, Turing-completeness is considered to be a risk and is deliberately avoided by languages like Vyper.[35][36] Some of the other smart contract programming languages missing Turing-completeness are Simplicity, Scilla, Ivy and Bitcoin Script.[36] However, measurements using regular expressions showed that only 35.3% of 53,757 Ethereum smart contracts included recursions and loops — constructs connected to the halting problem.[37]

      SMART CONTRACTS (SC) Ethereum BC SCs Turing complete: Solidity Turing incomplete: Vyper Simplicity Scilla Ivy Bitcoin script

    3. echnological means for the automation of payment obligations[

      Replacing e-NACH mandate in the banking system. Wallets will be deducted directly from

    1. Inactive holders of governance tokens can be a major obstacle for DAO governance,[5] which has led to implementations of allowing voting power to be delegated to other parties.

      2nd DAO vulnerability

    2. The hack was reversed in the following weeks, and the money restored, via a hard fork of the Ethereum blockchain. Most Ethereum miners and clients switched to the new fork while the original chain became Ethereum Classic.

      Ethereum classic vs new fork Ethereum

    3. DAOs can be subject to coups or hostile takeovers that upend its voting structures especially if the voting power is based upon the number of tokens one owns. An example of this occurred in 2022, when Build Finance DAO suffered a coup in which one person amassed enough tokens to get a vote passed, then voted to give themselves full control of the DAO, then, using this power, they drained all of the money from the DAO.

      1st DAO Vulnerability

    1. International Workers' Day

      Annotation for workers. </br>“Going through the ruins of capitalism towards the international brotherhood of working people!" The Caption of a 1920 poster from the archive of Kyiv’s Ukrainian Evangelical Theological Seminary. Today is #MayDay #InternationalWorkersDay. #Annotate22 121/365 Image credit: Ukrainian Evangelical Theological Seminary, Library of UETS, accessed via USC Libraries.

  2. Apr 2022
    1. English text Exult, let them exult, the hosts of heaven, exult, let Angel ministers of God exult, let the trumpet of salvation sound aloud our mighty King's triumph! Be glad, let earth be glad, as glory floods her, ablaze with light from her eternal King, let all corners of the earth be glad, knowing an end to gloom and darkness. Rejoice, let Mother Church also rejoice, arrayed with the lightning of his glory, let this holy building shake with joy, filled with the mighty voices of the peoples. (Therefore, dearest friends, standing in the awesome glory of this holy light, invoke with me, I ask you, the mercy of God almighty, that he, who has been pleased to number me, though unworthy, among the Levites, may pour into me his light unshadowed, that I may sing this candle's perfect praises). (Deacon: The Lord be with you. People: And with your spirit.) Deacon: Lift up your hearts. People: We lift them up to the Lord. Deacon: Let us give thanks to the Lord our God. People: It is right and just. It is truly right and just, with ardent love of mind and heart and with devoted service of our voice, to acclaim our God invisible, the almighty Father, and Jesus Christ, our Lord, his Son, his Only Begotten. Who for our sake paid Adam's debt to the eternal Father, and, pouring out his own dear Blood, wiped clean the record of our ancient sinfulness. These, then, are the feasts of Passover, in which is slain the Lamb, the one true Lamb, whose Blood anoints the doorposts of believers. This is the night, when once you led our forebears, Israel's children, from slavery in Egypt and made them pass dry-shod through the Red Sea. This is the night that with a pillar of fire banished the darkness of sin. This is the night that even now throughout the world, sets Christian believers apart from worldly vices and from the gloom of sin, leading them to grace and joining them to his holy ones. This is the night when Christ broke the prison-bars of death and rose victorious from the underworld. Our birth would have been no gain, had we not been redeemed. O wonder of your humble care for us! O love, O charity beyond all telling, to ransom a slave you gave away your Son! O truly necessary sin of Adam, destroyed completely by the Death of Christ! O happy fault that earned for us so great, so glorious a Redeemer! O truly blessed night, worthy alone to know the time and hour when Christ rose from the underworld! This is the night of which it is written: The night shall be as bright as day, dazzling is the night for me, and full of gladness. The sanctifying power of this night dispels wickedness, washes faults away, restores innocence to the fallen, and joy to mourners, drives out hatred, fosters concord, and brings down the mighty. On this, your night of grace, O holy Father, accept this candle, a solemn offering, the work of bees and of your servants' hands, an evening sacrifice of praise, this gift from your most holy Church. But now we know the praises of this pillar, which glowing fire ignites for God's honour, a fire into many flames divided, yet never dimmed by sharing of its light, for it is fed by melting wax, drawn out by mother bees to build a torch so precious. O truly blessed night, when things of heaven are wed to those of earth, and divine to the human. Therefore, O Lord, we pray you that this candle, hallowed to the honour of your name, may persevere undimmed, to overcome the darkness of this night. Receive it as a pleasing fragrance, and let it mingle with the lights of heaven. May this flame be found still burning by the Morning Star: the one Morning Star who never sets, Christ your Son, who, coming back from death's domain, has shed his peaceful light on humanity, and lives and reigns for ever and ever. Amen.

      Felix Culpa, or happy fault, turns suffering into an opportunity for growth. Is this Catholic embrace of suffering the opposite of Buddhist retreat from suffering? #

    1. the 'sexual revolution' would be an instance of a conservative force masquerading under the guise of liberation

      it has definitely been used for male gain + the exploitation of female sexuality

    2. assumptions of women as inferior appendage to man, and her consequent social and psychological role

      Poor Marie Bonaparte underwent clitoral surgery three times because of Freud's false ideologies

    3. Lynn Hunt points out that early modern "pornography" (18th century) is marked by a "preponderance of female narrators", that the women were portrayed as independent, determined, financially successful

      worth noting

    4. the sexual freedom experienced by the adolescents actually permitted them an easy transition from childhood to adulthood

      we see this in generally sex-positive countries like sweden and germany

    5. The idea of children having their parents as their early sexual targets were particularly shocking to Victorian and early 20th-century society.

      why has this idea stuck? why does freud continue to have such a big impact on psychoanalysis today?

    6. found expression through other cultural outlets

      what cultural outlets? also, how were these values communicated/how were they manifested with the implementation of the Hayes Code/strict film + TV censorship

    7. counterculture

      also, youth culture. worth mentioning– Splendor in the Grass; sprung from the white middle class (strangely, people with less of a reason to "rebel" but who have a more stable platform to)

    8. the subculture of the flapper girl included pre-marital sex and "petting parties".

      punishment of such a figure is evident in The Great Gatsby – mistress is killed, Daisy remains alive + married

    9. Victorian morality lost its universal appeal

      also during this time, hysteria is a popularized (fictional) disease in which women can be cured by orgasming. thus, the invention of the vibrator, which was originally sold as a medical apparatus

    10. acceptance of sex outside of traditional heterosexual, monogamous relationships

      reminds me of Charles Manson's polyamorous relationships with his "Manson Girls" and their use of sexuality for manipulation and resources

    11. sexual liberation

      the advances made in the sexual revolution are usually focused on female sexual liberation. i wonder if this article will discuss any details about men's sexual liberation

    1. e (26 ha) lake. The land was deeded by private owners in 1934 and 1935; original improvements were made by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The park opened in 1939. Activities include picnicking; camping; boating (motors allowed - 5 mph (8.0 km/h) speed limit); boat rentals; fishing; birding; hiking; mountain biking; lake swimming (in unsupervised swimming area); and nature study. Contents 1 Facilities 2 Flora/Fauna 3 Directions 4 References 5 External links

      This park has a beautiful lake.

    1. A first-price sealed-bid auction (FPSBA) is a common type of auction. It is also known as blind auction.[1] In this type of auction, all bidders simultaneously submit sealed bids so that no bidder knows the bid of any other participant. The highest bidder pays the price that was submitted

      Sealed-bid: puja sellada, que nadie la ve.

    1. the National Museum of Ireland

      Annotation in proclamation. </br>“In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.” The Proclamation of the Republic was read on this day, April 24th, in 1916 during the Easter Rising. #Annotate22 114/365 Image credit: National Museum of Ireland. Original photograph.

    1. French theorist, philosopher, and writer Roland Barthes (1915 – 1980) kept a fichier boîte or card index file beginning in 1943 until his death. Curator Nathalie Léger has indicated that there are 12,250 slips in Roland Barthes' bequest at the Institut Mémoires de l’édition contemporaine (IMEC).[16][17] Louis-Jean Calvet explains that in writing Michelet, Barthes used his notes on index cards to try out various combinations of cards to both organize them as well as "to find correspondences between them."[18][19] In addition to using his card index for producing his published works, Barthes also used his note taking system for teaching as well. His final course on the topic of the Neutral, which he taught as a seminar at Collège de France, was contained in four bundles consisting of 800 cards which contained everything from notes, summaries, figures, and bibliographic entries.[18] In his autobiographical Roland Barthes par (by) Roland Barthes, Barthes reproduces three of his index cards in facsimile.[20] Published posthumously in 2010, Barthes' Mourning Diary was created from a collection of 330 of his index cards focusing on his mourning following the death of his mother. The book jacket of the book prominently features one of his index cards from the collection.[21] In a well known photo of Barthes in his office taken by Henri Cartier-Bresson in 1963, the author is pictured with his card indexes on the shelf behind him.[22][16]

      French theorist, philosopher, and writer [[Roland Barthes]] (1915 – 1980) kept a ''fichier boîte'' or card index file beginning in 1943 until his death. Curator Nathalie Léger has indicated that there are 12,250 slips in Roland Barthes' bequest at the [[Institute for Contemporary Publishing Archives|Institut Mémoires de l’édition contemporaine (IMEC)]].<ref name="Hollier">{{cite journal |last1=Hollier |first1=Denis |title=Notes (On the Index Card). |journal=October |date=2005 |volume=112 |issue=Spring |pages=35–44 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3397642 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Krapp |first1=Peter |editor1-last=Chun |editor1-first=W. H. K. |editor2-last=Keenan |editor2-first=T |title=New Media, Old Theory: A History and Theory Reader |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |pages=359-373 |chapter=Hypertext Avant La Lettre}}</ref> [[Louis-Jean Calvet]] explains that in writing ''Michelet'', Barthes used his notes on index cards to try out various combinations of cards to both organize them as well as "to find correspondences between them."<ref name="Rowan">{{cite journal |last1=Wilken |first1=Rowan |title=The card index as creativity machine |journal=Culture Machine |date=2010 |volume=11 |pages=7–30 |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-card-index-as-creativity-machine-Wilken/ffeae0931cc269da047d0844a6bef7e1c7424b46 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Calvet |first1=Louis-Jean |title=Roland Barthes: A Biography |date=1994 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, IN}}</ref> In addition to using his card index for producing his published works, Barthes also used his note taking system for teaching as well. His final course on the topic of the Neutral, which he taught as a seminar at Collège de France, was contained in four bundles consisting of 800 cards which contained everything from notes, summaries, figures, and bibliographic entries.<ref name="Rowan"></ref> In his autobiographical ''Roland Barthes par (by) Roland Barthes'', Barthes reproduces three of his index cards in facsimile.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barthes |first1=Roland |title=Roland Barthes |date=1977 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-1-349-03520-5 |page=75}}</ref> Published posthumously in 2010, Barthes' ''Mourning Diary'' was created from a collection of 330 of his index cards focusing on his mourning following the death of his mother. The book jacket of the book prominently features one of his index cards from the collection.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barthes |first1=Roland |title=Mourning Diary |date=2010 |publisher=Macmillan |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374533113/mourningdiary}}</ref> In a well known photo of Barthes in his office taken by [[Henri Cartier-Bresson]] in 1963, the author is pictured with his card indexes on the shelf behind him.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yacavone |first1=Kathrin |title=Interdisciplinary Barthes |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-726667-0 |pages=97–117 |url=https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266670.003.0007 |chapter=Picturing Barthes: The Photographic Construction of Authorship}}</ref><ref name="Hollier"></ref>

    1. In the Talmud[edit] The figure of Ashmedai in the Talmud is less malign in character than the Asmodeus of Tobit. In the former, he appears repeatedly in the light of a good-natured and humorous fellow. But besides that, there is one feature in which he parallels Asmodeus, in as much as his desires turn upon Bathsheba and later Solomon's wives. Another Talmudic legend has King Solomon tricking Asmodai into collaborating in the construction of the Temple of Jerusalem[3] (see: The Story of King Solomon and Ashmedai). Another legend depicts Asmodai throwing King Solomon over 400 leagues away from the capital by putting one wing on the ground and the other stretched skyward. He then changed places for some years with King Solomon. When King Solomon returned, Asmodai fled from his wrath.[26] Similar legends can be found in Islamic folklore. There Asmodeus is called Sakhr (Arabic: صخر the Rock or the Stony One), because in Islamic lore, Solomon banished him into a rock, after he takes his kingdom back from him. There he counts as the king of the jinn.[27] Another passage describes him as marrying Lilith, who became his queen.[28]

      @kin

    1. Hollywood Africans

      Annotation in vinyl. </br>“Thy word is true from the beginning, and every one of Thy righteous judgments endureth for ever.” Psalm 119:160 and a tree engraved in Jon Batiste's Hollywood Africans (and congrats, Jon, on your recent Grammy awards!). It's #RecordStoreDay shop local! #Annotate22 113/365

    1. The project's structure is idiosyncratic. The convolutes correspond to letters of the alphabet; the individual sections of text— sometimes individual lines, sometimes multi-paragraph analyses —are ordered with square brackets, starting from [A1,1]. This numbering system comes from the pieces of folded paper that Benjamin wrote on, with [A1a,1] denoting the third page of his 'folio.'[3] Additionally, Benjamin included cross-references at the end of some sections. These were denoted by small boxes enclosing the word (e.g., ■ Fashion ■).[4]

      It's worth look looking into the structure of Walter Benjamin's Arcade Project as the numbering system that he used on his zettels is very similar to that of both Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten as well as the street numbers of 1770 Vienna.

      link to - https://hypothes.is/a/4jtT0FqsEeyXFzP-AuDIAA - https://hypothes.is/a/lvGHJlNHEeyZnV-8psRNrA

    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_text

      Within the field of semiotic analysis, an open text is one that can be interpreted by readers in a variety of ways. By way of contrast, a closed text prompts the reader to only one interpretation.

      Given the definition of an open text (opera aperta), in practice, the Bible may be one of the most open texts ever written despite its more likely original intention of it being a strictly closed text.

      What does a spectrum of open to closed look like? Can it be applied to other physical forms that could potentially be open to interpretation? Consider art, for example, which by general nature is far more open to interpretation (an open "text") and rarely are there artworks which are completely closed to a single interpretation.

      How does time and changing audiences/publics affect a work? The Bible may have been meant as a closed text in its original historical context, but time and politics have shown it to be one of the most spectacularly open texts ever written.

    2. He continues by comparing open works to Quantum mechanics, and he arrives at the conclusion that open works are more like Einstein's idea of the universe, which is governed by precise laws but seems random at first. The artist in those open works arranges the work carefully so it could be re-organized by another but still keep the original voice or intent of the artist.

      Is physics open or closed?

      Could a play, made in a zettelkasten-like structure, be performed in a way so as to keep a consistent authorial voice?

      What potential applications does the idea of opera aperta have for artificial intelligence? Can it be created in such a way as to give an artificial brain a consistent "authorial voice"?

    3. Umberto Eco makes a distinction between these kind of works, which are "open" in their interpretation, to the musical works from the beginning, which are open in their structural sense.

      If Umberto Eco makes a distinction between the works which are open in interpretation and works like music which are open in their structural sense, what would he have made of viewing a work like a zettelkasten which could potentially be open in both respects?

      link to: https://hyp.is/dBTiCsDWEeyyn7dYEp3oUA/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_text

    4. Every work of art can be read, according to Eco, in three distinct ways: the moral, the allegorical and the anagogical.

      Umberto Eco indicates that every work of art can be read in one of three ways: - moral, - allegorical - anagogical

      Compare this to early Christianities which had various different readings of the scriptures.

      Relate this also to the idea of Heraclitus and the not stepping into the same river twice as a viewer can view a work multiple times in different physical and personal contexts which will change their mood and interpretation of the work.

    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q.

      L.H.O.O.Q. is a Marcel Duchamp readymade artwork conceived in 1919. The work consists of a cheap postcard reproduction of Da Vinci's Mona Lisa (the found object or objet trouvé), "improved" by Duchamp with the addition of a penciled in moustache and a goatee with the title drawn in large capital letters underneath.

      L.H.O.O.Q. is a pun whose letters pronounced one at a time in French sound like "Elle a chaud au cul". This translates variously as "She is hot in the arse" or "She has a hot ass". "Avoir chaud au cul" is a vulgar expression implying that a woman has sexual restlessness. Duchamp, in an interview, gave a loose translation of L.H.O.O.Q. as "there is fire down below". (Schwarz 203)


      Was the the original artistic source for the long string of childhood pranks in which children were often seen marking up and defacing pictures in books and magazines? Were there others prior?

    1. Function as a service (FaaS) is a category of cloud computing services that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage application functionalities without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching an app.

      将应用的功能托管给平台,而不是说将函数托管给平台。因此,翻译成功能即服务更合适。

    1. Conversely, the costly, full-length toga seems to have been a rather awkward mark of distinction when worn by "the wrong sort". The poet Horace writes "of a rich ex-slave 'parading from end to end of the Sacred Way in a toga three yards long' to show off his new status and wealth."

    2. Appian's history of Rome finds its strife-torn Late Republic tottering at the edge of chaos; most seem to dress as they like, not as they ought: "For now the Roman people are much mixed with foreigners, there is equal citizenship for freedmen, and slaves dress like their masters. With the exception of the Senators, free citizens and slaves wear the same costume."[68] The Augustan Principate brought peace, and declared its intent as the restoration of true Republican order, morality and tradition.

      in desperate need of augustan principate rn

    1. Economists Michael C. Burda and Charles Wyplosz provide an illustration of what can happen if a nation tries to pursue all three goals at once.

      The theoretical nation attempts to maintain fixed ER, free capital flows & independent MP. --> Nation adopts expansionary MP to stimulate domestic econ -> this invloves rise in money supply & fall in domestic IR --> People borrow currency and lend abroad to make π (form of carry trade) --> No capital control so this is repeated en masse--> Sell Cd on forex to acquire Cf to invest abroad --> Currency supply increases and so value drops. --> Fixed ER so must sell reserves of Cd to stabilise value --> Reserves eventually run out & Cd devalues, breaking trinity --> Consequence is struggling econ at the expense of market participants making π

    2. capital controls

      To restrict capital flow. Example: In 2015, the European Central Bank froze support to Greece during the European sovereign debt crisis. --> Greece responded by closing its banks and implementing capital controls out of fear that Greek citizens would initiate a run on domestic banks. ---> The monetary capital controls put limits on allowable daily cash withdrawals at banks and placed restrictions on money transfers and overseas credit card payments.

    3. Harvard economist Dani Rodrik advocates the use of the third option (c) in his book The Globalization Paradox, emphasising that world GDP grew fastest during the Bretton Woods era when capital controls were accepted in mainstream economics. Rodrik also argues that the expansion of financial globalization and the free movement of capital flows are the reason why economic crises have become more frequent in both developing and advanced economies

      By contrast to the choice of Eurozone members, Rodrik suggests use of A stable (fixed) ER & independent MP - But no free capital flows

    4. Currently, Eurozone members have chosen the second option (b) after the introduction of the euro.

      An independent monetary policy and free capital flows, but not a stable ER

    1. Speculators recognized an overvalued peso and capital began flowing out of Mexico to the United States, increasing downward market pressure on the peso.

      Power of expectations/confidence

    2. central bank intervened in the foreign exchange markets to maintain the Mexican peso's peg to the U.S. dollar by issuing dollar-denominated public debt to buy pesos.

      This resulted in a trade deficit as peso's strength caused IM to increase

    3. capital flight.

      Capital flight is a large-scale exodus of financial assets and capital from a nation due to events such as political or economic instability, currency devaluation or the imposition of capital controls.

    4. Mexican peso crisis was a currency crisis sparked by the Mexican government's sudden devaluation of the peso against the U.S. dollar in December 1994

      Ignited by capital flight

    1. Piety accords with reverence. A person with reverence recognizes his total reliance on God and comes before God with humility, trust, and love.

      4 Piety

    1. Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its velocity.

      or lack thereof. there is the apparently opposing definition of "inert" but only because inert tends to describe non-moving things, but if something's velocity is 0, it still has inertia. interesting

    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Perec

      Georges Perec (born George Peretz) (French: [peʁɛk, pɛʁɛk];[1] 7 March 1936 – 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist. He was a member of the Oulipo group. His father died as a soldier early in the Second World War and his mother was murdered in the Holocaust, and many of his works deal with absence, loss, and identity, often through word play.

    1. Since the Smith–Volterra–Cantor set S has positive Lebesgue measure, this means that V ′ is discontinuous on a set of positive measure. By Lebesgue's criterion for Riemann integrability, V ′ is not Riemann integrable. If one were to repeat the construction of Volterra's function with the ordinary measure-0 Cantor set C in place of the "fat" (positive-measure) Cantor set S, one would obtain a function with many similar properties, but the derivative would then be discontinuous on the measure-0 set C instead of the positive-measure set S, and so the resulting function would have a Riemann integrable derivative.
    1. The Roman Empire was ruled by a tetrarchy consisting of two augusti (senior emperors) and two Caesars (junior emperors). The empire was divided into western and eastern territories, with one Augustus and Caesar ruling over each.[2][5] After Diocletian and his colleague, Maximian, retired in 305, internal strife erupted among the tetrarchs. The system finally ceased to exist around 313,[2] and though this form of government was short-lived, it served to separate military and civic leadership roles and was one of the first examples of balanced power

      Evenwicht der machten

    1. Polytechnic, which enlists many different modes of technology, providing a complex framework to solve human problems. Monotechnic, which is technology only for its own sake, which oppresses humanity as it moves along its own trajectory.
    1. electronic and digital culture is engrossing for many participants, to such a degree that it sometimes seems to compete with physical reality

      How digital is a world of it's own

    1. Me parece increíble que hayan tantos avances tecnológicos que desconocemos, estar conectados por medios de dispositivos y poder acceder a documentos globalmente es maravilloso porque se puede crear una cultura digital global en la que todas las personas puedan la tener la posibilidad de acceder, sin embargo lo social y lo político muchas veces truncan estos caminos.

    1. incluyendo "tumblers" para abordar bits en archivos pasados y presentes, "transclusión" como método para incluir trabajo original en el propio trabajo y "micropagos" para pagar por el uso.

      aporte realizados fue: Tumblers, transclusión, micropagos

    2. Ofrece una amplia visión general del término "hipertexto" de Nelson, así como del Proyecto Xanadú de Nelson. También incluye otras teorías de Nelson, incluyendo "tumblers" para abordar bits en archivos pasados y presentes, "transclusión" como método para incluir trabajo original en el propio trabajo y "micropagos" para pagar por el uso. El formato del libro no es lineal, ya que los capítulos están dispuestos de tal manera que el texto se puede leer fuera de orden.

      Ofrece una versión de hipertexto

    1. a serie tuvo un gran éxito después de que comenzó a imprimirse con Bantam Books. Impulsó la creación de otras tres series de autores con Bantam Books que trabajaron con el mismo formato. Otras diecinueve series del mismo formato comenzaron a ser publicadas por editoriales rivales. La gran popularidad del concepto llevó a la titulación de un nuevo género de escritura para el formato, que se llamó el libro de juegos

      se renovó y avanzo su formato y se titulo Libro de juegos

    2. "Tenía un personaje llamado Pete y generalmente lo tenía encontrando todas estas aventuras diferentes en una isla aislada. Pero esa noche me estaba quedando sin cosas para que Pete las hiciera, así que solo pregunté qué harían". A sus dos hijas se les ocurrieron diferentes caminos para que la historia tomara y Packard pensó en un final para cada uno de los caminos.

      Descripción breve de la historia y de los personajes.

    3. Originalmente creados para niños de 7 a 14 años, los libros están escritos en segunda persona. El protagonista, es decir, el lector, asume un papel relevante para la aventura, como un investigador privado, un alpinista, un conductor de carreras, un médico o un espía. Ciertos libros de la serie permiten a los lectores elegir de quién tomar el papel de, por ejemplo, en un libro de aventuras, los lectores pueden ser impulsados a elegir entre un escalador, un excursionista o un viajero. Las historias son generalmente neutrales en cuanto al género y la raza, aunque en algunos casos, particularmente en las ilustraciones, existe la presunción de un lector masculino (el grupo demográfico objetivo). [9] En algunas historias, se da a entender que el protagonista es un niño,[10] mientras que en otras historias, son adultos

      Fue creado y diseñado para niños entre 7 y 14, permitiéndole ser protagonistas y ser la persona que quieren.

    4. Choose Your Own Adventure, publicada por Bantam Books, fue una de las series infantiles más populares durante las décadas de 1980 y 1990, vendiendo más de 250 millones de copias entre 1979 y 1998. [2] Cuando Bantam, ahora propiedad de Random House, permitió que la marca registrada Choose Your Own Adventure caducara, la serie fue relanzada por Chooseco, que ahora posee la marca registrada. Chooseco no reedita títulos de Packard, quien ha comenzado su propio sello, U-Ventures.

      Siglo xx

    5. libros de juegos para niños donde cada historia está escrita desde un punto de vista en segunda persona, con el lector asumiendo el papel del protagonista y tomando decisiones que determinan las acciones del personaje principal y el resultado de la trama. La serie se basó en un concepto creado por Edward Packard y publicado originalmente por Vermont Crossroads Press de Constance Cappel y R. A. Montgomery como la serie "Adventures of You", comenzando con Sugarcane Island de Packard en 1976. [1]

      El lector tiene un papel protagónico a la hora de la realización del proceso lector

    1. Sección 1: El uso de la ciencia ha mejorado enormemente en muchos aspectos para los seres humanos. El conocimiento de la ciencia ha crecido considerablemente. Sin embargo, la forma en que gestionamos el conocimiento ha permanecido igual durante siglos. Ya no podemos acceder a la amplitud de los avances científicos. Alternativamente, la tecnología ha madurado mucho y ahora nos permite producir máquinas complicadas, pero baratas y confiables.

      Descripción del esquema

    2. Bush insta a los científicos a que se dediquen a la tarea masiva de crear una accesibilidad más eficiente a nuestra fluctuante reserva de conocimiento. Durante años, los inventos han extendido los poderes físicos de las personas en lugar de los poderes de su mente. Argumenta que están a la mano los instrumentos que, si se desarrollan adecuadamente, darán a la sociedad acceso y dominio sobre el conocimiento heredado de las edades. La perfección de estos instrumentos pacíficos, sugiere, debería ser el primer objetivo de nuestros científicos. [3]

      Bush incentivó a los científicos a trabajar de manera más masiva.

    3. Bush imaginó la capacidad de recuperar varios artículos o imágenes en una pantalla, con la posibilidad de escribir comentarios que pudieran almacenarse y recordarse juntos. Creía que las personas crearían enlaces entre artículos relacionados, mapeando así el proceso de pensamiento y el camino de cada usuario y guardándolo para que otros lo experimenten.

      La imaginación permitió crear nuevos avances como fue el caso de Bush

    4. La combinación de proyección óptica y reducción fotográfica ya está produciendo algunos resultados en microfilm con fines académicos, y las potencialidades son altamente sugerentes.

      Proyección óptica+reducción fotográfica=avances en la microfilm

    5. s un ensayo de 1945 de Vannevar Bush que ha sido descrito como visionario e influyente, anticipando muchos aspectos de la sociedad de la información. F

      Anticipados a su época

    1. In the distributed approach, each developer works directly with their own local repository, and changes are shared between repositories

      distributed

      approach

    2. Fossil – written by D. Richard Hipp for SQLite; distributed revision control, wiki, bug-tracking, and forum (all-in-one solution) with console and web interfaces. Single portable executable and single repository file.

      Fossil

      This looks like the best of all possible technical choices

    1. Fossil is a software configuration management, bug tracking system and wiki software server for use in software development created by D. Richard Hipp.
      • gloss

      Description

    1. volition in the face of novel stimuli was mediated through a linguistic control mechanism and experienced as auditory verbal hallucination.

      You mean, "The right side of the brain talks to the left side of the brain as a different entity".

      Yikes.

    1. A later English translation by Richard E. Aquila in collaboration with David Carus is titled The World as Will and Presentation (2008).[8]

      I got introduced to the concepts Darstellung and Vostellung via Janik Toulmin's Wittgenstein Vienna 40 years ago. I thought that translating Vorstellung as representation was wrong. Actually it is endemic in the prevailing Epistemological paradigm, how sad that is.

      Description

  3. Mar 2022
    1. In 1925, Ronald Fisher advanced the idea of statistical hypothesis testing, which he called "tests of significance", in his publication Statistical Methods for Research Workers.[28][29][30] Fisher suggested a probability of one in twenty (0.05) as a convenient cutoff level to reject the null hypothesis.[31] In a 1933 paper, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson called this cutoff the significance level, which they named α {\displaystyle \alpha } . They recommended that α {\displaystyle \alpha } be set ahead of time, prior to any data collection.[31][32] Despite his initial suggestion of 0.05 as a significance level, Fisher did not intend this cutoff value to be fixed. In his 1956 publication Statistical Methods and Scientific Inference, he recommended that significance levels be set according to specific circumstances.[31]

      The lofty p=0.5 is utter bullshit. It was just an arbitrary, made-up value with no real evidence behind it.