1. Last 7 days
    1. A thesis statement is an argumentative central claim in a paper; the entire paper is focused on demonstrating that claim as a valid perspecti

      A thesis is not just a topic but a claim that must be proven with evidence.

    2. A thesis is not your paper’s topic, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject

      It's not a topic to your paper, an introduction at the very end of the paragraph.

    3. he writer of this thesis should ask the following questions: Which teenage girls? What constitutes “too” sexualized? Why are they behaving that way? Where does this behavior show up? What are the repercussions?

      questions that would make the thesis have more details.

    4. Ability to be argued

      This is important and more in argumentative essays that have a yes or no answer. It's as agreeing or disagreeing to the topic and brining evidence according to your research.

    5. A thesis statement is an argumentative central claim in a paper; the entire paper is focused on demonstrating that claim as a valid perspective

      It gives a good definition on what a thesis statement means. it gives an idea of what it suppose to sound like and also states an idea about what your essay is going to be about.

    6. Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay.

      It is okay to change your thesis if needed.

    7. As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic

      Be as specific as possible in order to not confuse the reader what your main idea is.

    8. The textbook Successful Writing explains that writers need a thesis statement to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they will discuss in the body of their writing.

      Helps you organize your thoughts and ideas.

    1. Crenshaw developed the term intersectionality - using an analogy of an intersection: one road representing a workforce structured by race, the other road by gender.

      info

    1. nformation science methodologies are applied across numerous domains, reflecting the discipline's versatility and relevance. Key application areas include:

      Hay muchos campos actualmente donde se aplica la ciencia de la información tal como menciona este apartado que abarca la mayoría sino todos los aspectos de la vida actualmente, tanto a nivel personal como a nivel organizacional o de estado/gobierno, en calidad de usuario y proveedor o comunidad para comunidad. Al tener una presencia tan indiscutible hace que la profundización de sus procesos e investgaciones generen valor dentro de la misma disciplina tanto como para los que se benefician de los resultados.

    1. Educators who have enacted the smartphone restrictions said they help bolster student participation and reduce bullying but also raise challenges, like how to effectively keep phones locked up against determined students and how to identify and treat kids truly addicted to their devices.

      This shows that taking away phones does get students to be more active in the classroom and erasing bullying is a big plus. The only downside listed is that it's hard to figure out ways to truly implement this because students will try to work around it. I think if there are clear improvements for students when this is implemented, it should be implemented more often. The down side I can think of is students not being able to reach their families, but that can also be done through phones at the office.

    2. At Bullard High School in Fresno, it’s easy to see the benefits of banning students’ cellphones. Bullying is down and socialization is up, principal Armen Torigian said.

      bulling

    3. Attorneys general from 45 U.S. states filed lawsuits against Meta for failing to protect children

      When I was younger it was instilled onto me that young kids shouldn't even be using social media websites. Why aren't parents watching what their kids are doing online?

    1. The white people have no right to take the land from the Indians, because they had it first;

      Europeans had no right taking the land away from the native people

    1. with myself and children have had the good fortune to get my freedom, by means of an act of assembly passed on the first of March 1780, and should now with my family be as happy a set of people as any on the face of the earth, but I am told the assembly are going to pass a law to send us all back to our masters

      This highlights the injustice the enslaved African American people had to face, even after gaining freedom. There was a possibility of a law that might re-enslave them. The author wrote this letter to talk about the cruelty and injustice of taking away the freedom they gained

    1. Both Mars trilogies, then, stage the conflict between ecologicalconservation and commercial development as a central feature of theirextraterrestrial societies. Bio- or eco-centrism of the kind articulatedby Waterman and Clayborne has been controversial in environmental-ist thought because its valuation of nonhuman nature in and of itselfhas often been accompanied by a more or less thinly veiled antagonismto the human presence, and to willful ignorance of the ways in whichmany supposedly “pristine” landscapes around the globe have in factbeen reshaped by indigenous societies for millennia. The untouchedsurroundings celebrated by deep ecology, so the movement’s critics haveargued, are far more exceptional in reality than ecocentrism alleges, andare often nothing more than a politically pernicious myth that choosesto forget the violent expulsions of indigenous people that often precededthe establishment of “wilderness” reserves. Since Mars does truly confronthumans with an environment that they have never yet have had a chanceto alter in any way, it seems to offer ecocentrism a firmer foothold thanTerran landscapes. In a sense, then, Bova’s and Robinson’s trilogies opena fictional window onto humankind’s last encounter with a truly “other,”not humanly altered, environment—nature in the authentic sense of BillMcKibben’s definition.

      For me, a biocentric ethic should not be misanthropic or deluded about humans being a part of nature and influencing other living beings and the environment. What biocentrism should be doing is critiquing certain human behaviors that do not respect the balance of the webs of life.

    Annotators

    1. At the same time, Karl Marx (1818–1883) articulated a view of human history that likewise emphasized change and struggle. Conflicting social classes — enslaved people and their owners, peasants and nobles, workers and capitalists — successively drove the process of historical transformation.

      Marx's ideas of class conflict have always intrigued me, and I see them hold true today when we think about the elites and the working class. In my opinion, it is a shame that the Cold War and Red Scare created a taboo around critiquing capitalism, as Marx's theory of class conflict provides a very useful sense for looking at the power disparity between colonial elites and the working class. The wealth gap continuing to grow larger and larger makes me anticipate further class consciousness, although, I do not know if I foresee a classless society as Marx describes.

    2. If religion drove and justified European ventures abroad, it is difficult to imagine the globalization of Christianity (see Map 15.2) without the support of empire. Colonial settlers and traders, of course, brought their faith with them and sought to replicate it in their newly conquered homelands. New England Puritans, for example, planted a distinctive Protestant version of Christianity in North America, with an emphasis on education, moral purity, personal conversion, civic responsibility, and little tolerance for competing expressions of the faith. They did not show much interest in converting native peoples but sought rather to push them out of their ancestral territories.

      I find it interesting how, historically, Christian faith was often not used as a personal conviction but more so as a religion as a tool of the state. Puritans saw indigenous people as obstacles to removed rather than souls to be saved. This directly contrasts Early Islamic Caliphates as they had significant cultural synthesis and trade-based conventions, and were typically more tolerable towards other cultures and beliefs.

    3. The Romantic movement in art and literature appealed to emotion, intuition, passion, and imagination rather than cold reason and scientific learning.

      I find it quite interesting how the Romantic Movement had a correlation to the scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment, the cold constraints of Neoclassicism, and the dehumanizing effects of the Industrial Revolution. I view the Romantic Period as a sort of rebellion against the cold nature of Enlightenment. I've noticed a trend in history where a period defined by more calculated and cold concepts tends to lead to a birth of new art and literature, which reaffirms the idea that humans need both for expression and expansion.

    1. Often, students begin the writing process without ever thinking about a potential audience

      This hit me. Writing only for a grade makes the work feel small. Thinking about a real reader raises the pressure—but also the purpose.

    1. Take that one interesting idea/pattern and develop an “umbrella” statement or a broad focus statement

      The umbrella statement feels grounding. I like that it can start simple and evolve.

    2. Search for patterns in your list, and make a new list of those patterns. Keep an eye out for things that strike you as meaningful and interesting and that happen again and again.

      Patterns mean something keeps pulling my attention. That’s where analysis begins.

    3. The first step in finding a focus is to read through all of your fieldnotes two times. As you read, notice when and where you become particularly interested in what you have written. Circle, mark or note these passages in some way. Write a brief summary of each idea/passage on a separate sheet. After you identify what interests you most, move on to search for patterns that will lead you to focus.

      This makes the process feel slower and more intentional. Instead of rushing to a thesis, I have to sit with my observations.

    1. 13.2. Unhealthy Activities on Social Media# Given the complex relationship between internet-based social media and mental health, let’s first look at some social media activities that people may find harmful to their mental health. Here are a few examples:

      The section on doomscrolling really resonates with me because it’s so easy to fall into that cycle without realizing it. Social media makes negative content endlessly available, and sometimes it feels almost addictive even when it makes you feel worse. It’s interesting to think about how platform design might encourage these behaviors.

    2. Doom scrolling is a real issue in our generation and future generations, felt by billions for sure, if not directly then the indirectly, through the cultural shifts in attitudes and what becomes trendy. Many ideas and movements nowadays find common course in short form video media platforms. younger generations also seem more desensitized to trauma and traumatic events.

    1. 13.5.4. Search through news submissions and only display good news# Now we will make a different version of the code that computes the sentiment of each submission title and only displays the ones with positive sentiment. # Look up the subreddit "news", then find the "hot" list, getting up to 10 submission submissions = reddit.subreddit("news").hot(limit=10) # Turn the submission results into a Python List submissions_list = list(submissions) # go through each reddit submission for submission in submissions_list: #calculate sentiment title_sentiment = sia.polarity_scores(submission.title)["compound"] if(title_sentiment > 0): print(submission.title) print() Copy to clipboard Fake praw is pretending to select the subreddit: newsBreaking news: A lovely cat took a nice long nap today! Breaking news: Some grandparents made some yummy cookies for all the kids to share! Copy to clipboard 13.5.5. Try it out on real Reddit# If you want, you can skip the fake_praw step and try it out on real Reddit, from whatever subreddit you want Did it work like you expected? You can also only show negative sentiment submissions (sentiment < 0) if you want to see only bad news.

      This demo was interesting because it shows how algorithms can intentionally shape what users see. Filtering for only positive news might seem helpful for improving mental health, but it also raises questions about whether hiding negative information creates a distorted view of reality. I also noticed that sentiment analysis is a simplified way to judge content, since tone and context can be more complex than just positive or negative. Overall, this example shows how small design decisions in algorithms can significantly influence users’ emotional experiences online.

    1. So in this chapter, we will not consider internet-based social media as inherently toxic or beneficial for mental health. We will be looking for more nuance and where things go well, where they do not, and why. { requestKernel: true, binderOptions: { repo: "binder-examples/jupyter-stacks-datascience", ref: "master", }, codeMirrorConfig: { theme: "abcdef", mode: "python" }, kernelOptions: { kernelName: "python3", path: "./ch13_mental_health" }, predefinedOutput: true } kernelName = 'python3'

      This section makes me think social media isn’t just “showing posts”—it’s actively shaping what we believe is important, and even what feels true. The scary part is that the rules can be based on tons of signals we never consented to (like location or contacts), and because the algorithm is hidden, it’s hard to hold anyone accountable when the recommendations go wrong.

    2. 13.1.1. Digital Detox?# Some people view internet-based social media (and other online activities) as inherently toxic and therefore encourage a digital detox, where people take some form of a break from social media platforms and digital devices. While taking a break from parts or all of social media can be good for someone’s mental health (e.g., doomscrolling is making them feel more anxious, or they are currently getting harassed online), viewing internet-based social media as inherently toxic and trying to return to an idyllic time from before the Internet is not a realistic or honest view of the matter. In her essay “The Great Offline,” Lauren Collee argues that this is just a repeat of earlier views of city living and the “wilderness.” As white Americans were colonizing the American continent, they began idealizing “wilderness” as being uninhabited land (ignoring the Indigenous people who already lived there, or kicking them out or killing them). In the 19th century, as wilderness tourism was taking off as an industry, natural landscapes were figured as an antidote to the social pressures of urban living, offering truth in place of artifice, interiority in place of exteriority, solitude in place of small talk. Similarly, advocates for digital detox build an idealized “offline” separate from the complications of modern life: Sherry Turkle, author of Alone Together, characterizes the offline world as a physical place, a kind of Edenic paradise. “Not too long ago,” she writes, “people walked with their heads up, looking at the water, the sky, the sand” — now, “they often walk with their heads down, typing.” […] Gone are the happy days when families would gather around a weekly televised program like our ancestors around the campfire! But Lauren Collee argues that by placing the blame on the use of technology itself and making not using technology (a digital detox) the solution, we lose our ability to deal with the nuances of how we use technology and how it is designed: I’m no stranger to apps that help me curb my screen time, and I’ll admit I’ve often felt better for using them. But on a more communal level, I suspect that cultures of digital detox — in suggesting that the online world is inherently corrupting and cannot be improved — discourage us from seeking alternative models for what the internet could look like. I don’t want to be trapped in cycles of connection and disconnection, deleting my social media profiles for weeks at a time, feeling calmer but isolated, re-downloading them, feeling worse but connected again. For as long as we keep dumping our hopes into the conceptual pit of “the offline world,” those hopes will cease to exist as forces that might generate change in the worlds we actually live in together. So in this chapter, we will not consider internet-based social media as inherently toxic or beneficial for mental health. We will be looking for more nuance and where things go well, where they do not, and why.

      This section does a good job showing that the relationship between social media and mental health is complex rather than purely positive or negative. I found the example of Facebook’s mood experiment especially interesting because it raises ethical concerns about consent and manipulation, not just mental health outcomes. The discussion of digital detox was also thoughtful, particularly the idea that blaming technology itself may prevent us from improving how platforms are designed. Overall, this reading encourages a more nuanced understanding of social media’s impact instead of oversimplifying it as either harmful or beneficial.

    3. Many have anecdotal experiences with their own mental health and those they talk to. For example, cosmetic surgeons have seen how photo manipulation on social media has influenced people’s views of their appearance:

      This passage serves as an effective introductory hook to the topic of social media and body image. However, it functions more as a starting point for discussion than a fully developed argument. To be more impactful, it would benefit from additional evidence, deeper analysis, and a more complete conclusion.

    1. A successful research process should go through these steps: Decide on the topic. Narrow the topic in order to narrow search parameters. Consider a question that your research will address. Generate sub-questions from your main question. Determine what kind of sources are best for your argument. Create a bibliography as you gather and reference sources.

      Good idea to have them in thought and practice them to make sure I include them.

    2. you will most likely be asked to write a research paper during your academic career. Boundless Writing explains that a research paper is an expanded essay that relies on existing discourse to analyze a perspective or construct an argument. Because a research paper includes an extensive information-gathering process in addition to the writing process, it is important to develop a research plan to ensure your final paper will accomplish its goals.

      It is so useful to learn how to write a research paper and it's going to help anyway in your career pathways.

    3. detective collected enough evidence to solve a criminal case,

      This point of view sounds right as your trying to find evidence to debate your point of view and learn more about the topic.

    4. As you accumulate sources, make sure you create a bibliography, or a list of sources that you’ve used in your research and writing process (keeping track of those sources will help you to create you annotated bibliography, should your instructor require one.

      WRITE DOWN THE SOURCES YOU ARE USING

    5. Another part of your research plan should include the type of sources you want to gather.

      Knowing what type of source, you are looking for can help you narrow down the information you are looking for.

    6. If you narrow your focus, however, you can find targeted resources that can be synthesized into a new argument.

      Narrowing down your topic can help you know what to research without overwhelming yourself.

    7. If you begin researching without a plan, you could find yourself wasting hours reading sources that will be of little or no help to your paper. To save time and effort, decide on a research plan before you begin.

      Plan your research to help you stay organize and not waste time on irrelevant information.

    8. Writing a research paper is an ideal way to organize thoughts, craft narratives, or make arguments based on research, and share your newfound knowledge with the world.

      great way to express your knowledge about a certain topic.

    9. The text Successful Writing stresses that when you perform research, you are essentially trying to solve a mystery—you want to know how something works or why something happened. In other words, you want to answer a question that you (and other people) have about the world. This is one of the most basic reasons for performing research.

      You are looking for answers to your questions.

    1. Recognised as an Apple Distinguished School – leading the way in digital learning

      Claim: Leading the way in digital learning because it is an Apple Distiguished school. <br> Verdict: Misleading <br> Why? The Apple Distinguished School designation is a marketing recognition, not an independent evaluation of teaching quality or digital outcomes. Schools apply for the award themselves, and Apple does not assess academic performance, digital pedagogy, or student outcomes. The award mainly reflects that the school uses Apple products and aligns with Apple’s branding criteria. <br> Evidence: Apple’s own criteria emphasise technology adoption and storytelling, not independent educational evaluation. The programme is self‑nominated and based on a school’s submitted materials, not external inspection. No independent educational body recognises the award as a measure of digital teaching quality. <br> Confidence: High — Apple’s published criteria confirm the award is based on self‑submitted evidence and product usage, not independent assessment. <br> Snapshot: Snapshot <br> Timestamp: 2026‑02‑19 UTC <br> Notes: Award criteria reviewed; no external evaluation or inspection process identified.

    1. This is not to suggest that instruction should be delivered only in one format, but that we make informed decisions about how we structure and present the information in different formats, as explained in more detail below.

      I like how this is emphasized within the article. I want to be intentional about choosing videos that reinforce my lessons or activities in the classroom. It is important to stray away from just showing students a video to give them more information rather than reinforce what they know and explain it in more detail.

    2. If the document includes hyperlinks, the links should be embedded into the document, rather than giving the URL in the text

      I want to make sure that if I am to ever use online resources and online written instructions that I will embed the links into the document. I have always found it easier to navigate links when they are inserted this way.

    3. people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone.”

      I think this is important because I personally find it easier to retain information when meaningful pictures are included within texts.

    4. Keep language simple and straightforward and eliminate unnecessary information

      I think this is important because too much can make readers lose interest.

    5. Although there is little research to suggest that font style substantially impacts reading speed or comprehension for most readers,

      I personally agree with this if the words aren't clear and bold I have a harder time reading them, especially when it's cursive.

    6. Although there is little research to suggest that font style substantially impacts reading speed or comprehension for most readers, people tend to express a preference for serif fonts,

      This is so interesting to me! I never considered how font style can impact a person's cognitive load when processing information.

    7. However, sans-serif fonts are recommended for people with visual and other disabilities (Kitchel, 2011/2019), and research suggests these fonts might increase comprehension as well as readability for people with certain disabilities (Wilson & Read, 2016)

      This is an important reminder that even small design choices, such as font type, can significantly impact the accessibility of materials for students with disabilities. In my future classroom, I want to be mindful of formatting so all students can read comfortably.

    8. Learning happens when people can identify and access the important information in a lesson, process that information, and relate it to their prior knowledge. Good design can facilitate active processing.

      I like the emphasis on connecting new information to prior knowledge. This makes me think about how important it is to start lessons by asking what students already know or have experienced.

    9. Perhaps the most important thing to consider when delivering information in multiple formats simultaneously is cognitive load, or the strain on learners as they try to hold information in memory while also trying to process new information.

      This makes me think about how easily students can get overwhelmed if we present too much at once. In my future classroom, I want to be intentional about not combining too many directions, visuals, and sounds all at the same time.

    1. e a means to commof communication were found thatitories, the results from the third partcollection development policies, thersimply not interested in e

      The authors thoughts on the idea that archivists don't have the desire to create these policies is really curious to me. I can see the policy having, like the author argues, positive impacts on the integrity of a collection, but are archivists in these institutions concerned with integrity? I wonder about archivist motivation - if motivation of collecting was probed a bit more in these questions how that would affect the answers.

      My main experience in an archive is a free community archive, which is not for profit and maybe is a space mostly for indipendant research. At Interference Archive, they have a collections policy and regularly consult it and use it to manage thier limited space, specifically, among other things.

    1. lating to architecture. The archavailability of certain types of wood, stone, marblmediate natural landscape and existing built surrounhood patterns and histories that must be respectedthe records of many different creators - individualis a great deal more to the history of architecture andof architecture than the records of the architect, or tbuildings.

      The ontological argument Terry Cook is making here, and throughout this article, is very important. It raises questions about the relation between objects - animate and inanimate - and their surroundings, the traces they produce, and the processes within which they are situated. How does one define a specific field or "object of study" when it is so deeply imbricated in another, or many others for that matter? While I agree in theory that her approach of macro-appraisals can serve to widen and enrich the scope of special collections, I would also argue that her position (and it top-down philosophy, as she puts it), produces a certain tension with the other reading we did this week - which advocates for the opposite approach; that is to say, a narrowing of collection development practices (of which appraising if of course a main step). While I know this article was written specifically with architecture in mind, I think it's fair to say it applies equally to other fields. The question then remains: How does one appropriately represent the "life world", as it were, of a particular field, while also working efficiently and within the bounds of reality? Furthermore, can one utilize a top-down approach to appraising and collection development without imposing a sort of prefigured idea of prospective research topics (as Cook argues against, yet, in my opinion, her position seems to confirm)? What is the balance between these two?

    2. ord itself imilieu in which records are creattermined by all these factors: fustructures, as well as records-creaobservation I am not abandoninggrounding in the evidence, structuway. I am asserting, however, thatcircumstances of creation a

      When I think about this passage alongside the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), Cook’s emphasis on context feels even more urgent. Terry Cook argues that records are shaped by the functional and structural environments in which they are created. In an AI-driven world, where systems generate, sort, and analyze massive volumes of data automatically, understanding that broader context becomes essential. AI can process content at scale, but without contextual grounding, it risks misinterpreting records or reinforcing surface-level patterns. I see AI as both an opportunity and a challenge for appraisal theory. On one hand, AI tools can help identify patterns across enormous bureaucratic systems, making macro-level analysis more feasible. They can cluster records, detect trends, and even suggest appraisal priorities. This could strengthen Cook’s top-down approach by giving archivists analytical support in mapping institutional functions. On the other hand, AI systems are trained on existing data, which may already reflect institutional biases and power imbalances. If archivists rely too heavily on AI-driven selection, we risk automating those biases. Cook stresses that archivists must actively and consciously shape the archival record. AI does not remove that responsibility—it arguably heightens it. I cannot simply defer judgment to an algorithm.

    3. ds no longer needednow asserting that archivists should be active, probinand disposes of information and, even more importantlythese acts of recording were meant to serve.6 Archivistappraisal of functions b

      When I think about Terry Cook’s macro-appraisal approach, I appreciate how it forces me to step back and look at the bigger picture. Instead of just asking which individual records might be useful someday, I have to consider which institutions, functions, and power structures actually shape society. I like that this approach acknowledges that archives are not neutral and that archivists play an active role in shaping collective memory. It feels more honest and socially aware. At the same time, I find Cook’s model demanding. It requires deep knowledge of organizations and social systems, which can be time-consuming and complex. I also worry about the level of subjectivity involved. If I am deciding which societal functions matter most, my own biases could influence what gets preserved. That level of responsibility is powerful, but also risky.

  2. wisconsin.pressbooks.pub wisconsin.pressbooks.pub
    1. The accounting profession is undergoing rapid transformation, driven by technological innovation, increased reliance on data analytics, and a growing emphasis on strategic

      Can we say....?????

    2. Taxation plays a critical role in shaping economic behavior, funding essential public services, and influencing both personal and business financial decisions. This textbook introduces the fundamental principles of the U.S. federal income tax system and provides a solid foundation for analyzing how tax laws impact personal financial planning and decision-making.

      a;ldjkf;lasdj;asdjadsjf

    1. et the field’s understanding of racial and ethnic dispari-ties in advanced STEM achievement during elementary school is currently limited. Relatively few studies of advanced STEM achievement have been conducted, particu-larly those using elementary school samples and longitudinal designs (Clotfelter et al., 2009; Davis-Kean & Jager, 2014; Gandara, 2005; Rambo-Hernandez et al., 2019). Of these, only two studies have examined racial and ethnic disparities in advanced STEM achievement as early as kindergarten in analyses of nationally representative data (Davis-Kean & Jager, 2014; Gandara, 2005). Neither study reported on explanatory factors for these disparities in adjusted analyses. Existing studies examining advanced STEM achievement have analyzed samples of middle or high school students (e.g., Kotok, 2017; Lubinski et al., 2014; McCoach & Siegle, 2003) or examined gender disparities (e.g., Penner & Paret, 2008; Robinson & Lubienski, 2011).

      They situate themselves within the existing research by stating that there have been few studies about STEM achievement have been longitudinal. Also, even fewer with a direct relationship were examined between access and other disparities in different forms.

    2. An antecedent-opportunity-propensity framework is a well-validated theory of achievement growth (Byrnes, 2020) hypothesizing that a relatively small set of student, family, and school factors explain racial and ethnic disparities in STEM achievement

      Theoretical framework used-haven't seen this before, interested in learning more about it.

    3. An antecedent-opportunity-propensity framework is a well-validated theory of achievement growth (Byrnes, 2020) hypothesizing that a relatively small set of student, family, and school factors explain racial and ethnic disparities in STEM achievement

      theoretical framework used.

    1. Because of similar reasons, people whose material needs are covered may act to improve the status of those who do not share their prosperity.

      I think this speaks to the divide we often see between empathetic people vs. non-empathetic people. We often see wealthy people who are raised to believe that the world revolves around them, and that breeds apathy. It's important now more than ever to value the wellness of every person, black or white, gay or straight, rich or poor, immigrant or citizen. If people don't understand that everyone getting their needs met leads to a greater outcome for all, the ultra-wealthy will continue to accumulate wealth, and everyone below them will fall further and further into oppression. You don't need firsthand experience to be empathetic to those who are disadvantaged, you just need enough common sense to know it's them today but could be you tomorrow.

    1. ender moments too.

      Again, I would add a super strong closing sentence here that touches on the event promise: This free event will help you/show you/introduce you to/...

    2. A free 4-day event for Mothers of Preschoolers

      I would stick with the tagline/event promise you brainstormed with the team here for a stronger intro section: Join 20+ Christian moms and mentors to discover how to connect with God - even in the chaos of motherhood, when having a "perfect" quiet time isn't an option.

    3. If you’re longing for encouragement right where you are

      This summit is for any preschooler mom looking to xyz. I would add a summarizing sentence here that makes the browser totally seen. And I would add another button to grab the free ticket here.

    4. I know firsthand how hard it can be to find quiet moments with God in this season. Between snack times, story times, and endless questions, I’ve had to learn that spending time with God doesn’t have to look perfect to be meaningful.

      Can you elaborate here what that has looked like specifically for you, and why you're so excited to share these 20+ experts with the audience?

    5. Fill your spare moments with GodLearn to embrace the busyChoose an imperfect quiet time reading the Bible, over none at allWhether that be listening to the audio version of the Bible while doing the dishes.Understanding that God is still there in the busiest of moments and He sees everything you are pouring into your family.Whatever your quiet time looked like before, it has to change when children come into the scene. It may not be a "quiet" ti

      Can you make this section somewhat more specifically linked to the outcome/promise of your summit? What are they hoping right now that will actually be possible for them after attending your summit?

    6. You're trying to read the Bible between the spilled Cheerios and laundryKeeping in mind that motherhood is one of greatest blessingsAnd you are thinking about God in the hardest of moments

      I would make these bullet points somewhat more tangible and relatable. Cheerios and laundry is a great start, but what about the other 2? What's actually happening in their daily lives right now that would make them proud?

    7. seek god in the busy (preschooler) season

      This seems to be repeated from the video intro line. Why don't we rephrase this to somethign like: Yes, you can walk with God while raising little kids!

    1. Historian Geoffrey Parker calls this conjuncture of climate change and social crises in the seventeenth century a “fatal synergy”

      Climate change and war both created global instability

    2. As it was, the system of European interstate war favored a particular kind of state that developed in England and France in the seventeenth centuries,

      The constant warfare helped shape England and France

    1. Understanding these logics in the context of the anti-Trump movement will help scholars understand how they are applied in a contemporary connective action movement.

      I think the wording of this is really interesting. While I agree it was in some ways "anti-Trump", I feel like it was overwhelmingly "pro-women" and even more so "anti- oppression". I think wording it as if it's a movement that's simply against the president is harmful to the overall message of this movement. Furthermore, where I'm from, we did not even call it the "Women's March"; we called it the "People's March". As someone who took part in these protests, we were fighting for rights for all people, not just women. It was pro LGBTQ, pro Immigrant, pro Women and pro BIPOC. This was a pro-American movement centered around calling out the oppressive power of our government.

  3. university.pressbooks.pub university.pressbooks.pub
    1. openly licensed

      sous license ouverte

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    1. So you might find a safe space online to explore part of yourself that isn’t safe in public (e.g., Trans Twitter and the beauty of online anonymity). Or you might find places to share or learn about mental health (in fact, from seeing social media posts, Kyle realized that ADHD was causing many more problems in his life than just having trouble sitting still, and he sought diagnosis and treatment). There are also support groups for various issues people might be struggling with, like ADHD, or having been raised by narcissistic parents.

      Online safe spaces are a transformative innovation, allow individuals and groups that are often marginalized to find forums in which they can express themselves, even if they can find such resource in their offline lives. These spaces can inform people on the best course of action, connect people to others they can relate to, and find solutions to things they struggle with.

    1. An equilibrium constant calculated from partial pressures (Kp) is related to K by the ideal gas constant (R), the temperature (T), and the change in the number of moles of gas during the reaction. An equilibrium system that contains products and reactants in a single phase is a homogeneous equilibrium; a system whose reactants, products, or both are in more than one phase is a heterogeneous equilibrium. When a reaction can be expressed as the sum of two or more reactions, its equilibrium constant is equal to the product of the equilibrium constants for the individual reactions.

      How is changing the starting amounts of reactants doesn’t change the value of K, but changing the temperature does.

    2. You will also notice in Table 2.2.2 that equilibrium constants have no units, even though Equation 2.2.5 suggests that the units of concentration might not always cancel because the exponents may vary. In fact, equilibrium constants are calculated using “effective concentrations,” or activities, of reactants and products, which are the ratios of the measured concentrations to a standard state of 1 M. As shown in Equation 2.2.6, the units of concentration cancel, which makes K unitless as well: (2.2.6)[A]m⁢e⁢a⁢s⁢u⁢r⁢e⁢d[A]s⁢t⁢a⁢n⁢d⁢a⁢r⁢ds⁢t⁢a⁢t⁢e=MM=m⁢o⁢lLm⁢o⁢lL Because equilibrium constants are calculated using “effective concentrations” relative to a standard state of 1 M, values of K are unitless.

      Why doesn't the equilibrium constant have units when we’re using molarity in the equation?

    1. The assignment’s purpose, audience, and tone dictate what the paragraph covers and how it will support one main poin

      This is important because the tone and audience can complete change the circumstances of the writing and how it comes across.

    1. However, PIW predominantly and most generously enables white people to dismiss race and promote colorblindedness.

      This is very typical and common. Anything white people do it is always just swept under the rag with no problem and zero consequences all soothes don't look bad.

    2. This includes the lack of access to the levels of generational wealth that whites have, and being denied privileges associated with freedom, safety and security, which are typically afforded to whites.

      This is such a common problem. White people tend to have more privileges financially and it is typically what makes it harder for people of different races to be equal to them and that's why we see such a major inequality.

    1. Relatedly, white settlers would see Africans as dark and therefore opposite of them, having protruding lips and often created caricatures with images of dark people with huge lips.

      This is an example of stereotype as well as an example of racism by saying only black people have protruding lips.

    1. he Prussian explorer Alexander von Humboldt visited the islands around 1802, and publicized guano’s value as a fertilizer throughout Europe. Seeing a lucrative business opportunity, Europeans and Americans fell on the area in a guano rush, and by the middle of the century several nations had enlisted the work of Chinese peasants in a Pacific labor system that has been compared with the slavery of the Atlantic world. Although the Chinese workers were technically free, many were debtors who had been tricked into labor contracts promising work in California. Once they reached the guano islands and realized they had been duped, there was no way off.

      Alexander von Humboldt promoted guano as a valuable fertilizer, sparking a “guano rush” in the 19th century. Europeans and Americans exploited Chinese laborers, many tricked into contracts and trapped on islands, creating a system compared to slavery despite their technical freedom.

      by moo htoo

    2. The last two hundred years of human history is also the story of the Industrial Revolution and its affects.  The life of a peasant living in France, Mexico, China, India, or Ethiopia in 1100 CE was not that different from that of a similar peasant living in the same place 200 years earlier or later.

      Before the Industrial Revolution, peasant life across the world stayed largely the same for centuries, with little social or economic change.

      by moo htoo

    3. But too much had changed to return to the past. Liberals tried to distance themselves from the social leveling and economic redistribution the Jacobins had attempted, identifying instead with ideas like free trade and a limited franchise. But radicals pushed for greater equality and more rights for regular people.

      After Napoleon, a full return to the past was impossible. Liberals favored moderate reforms like free trade and limited voting, avoiding radical redistribution. Radicals pushed for greater equality and more rights for ordinary people.

      by moo htoo

    4. At the Congress of Vienna, which ran from November 1814 through June 1815, the old ruling families of Europe got together to try to restore what they thought of as peace and order. To a large extent their priority was trying to restore the status quo ante: the borders that had existed before Napoleon’s conquests and the types of social organization that had prevailed before the French Revolution.

      The Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was a meeting of European monarchs to restore stability after Napoleon. They aimed to return borders and social systems to their pre-revolutionary state and preserve traditional power.

      by moo htoo

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    1. From that first rush to surround the soon-to-be-broken- down APC, we find a fraternization performance that amounts to a ritualized trespassing.

      In Egypt, military space is usually strictly guarded and "separated" from the public. By climbing onto tanks (trespassing), protestors symbolically broke the army's "right of separateness" and forced the soldiers into personal, face to face interactions that made it harder for them to fire on the crowd.

    2. Fraternization is an intuitively familiar idiom of contentious street politics that dates back to at least the eighteenth century.

      Ketchley puts the Egyptian protests in a historical relation (citing the 1848 French Revolution) where protestors use physical proximity to break down the military’s discipline and force soldiers to choose a side.

    Annotators

    1. Wikipedia itself suggests it be used as a starting point and not an end.

      Wikipedia is a nice resource to use when you want to jump start into a topic. You can find some nice resources on the topic you are looking for, as a lot of what they can write about is cited at the bottom of the entry.

    1. motivation to engage in tasks, such as course assignments, is based on the individual’s perceived levels of the innate psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Deci and Ryan Citation2000; Ryan and Deci Citation2017). Autonomy refers to feelings of independence and choice (often to pursue one’s interests and values) and freedom from external control (Liu, Wang, and Deci Citation2016). Competence refers to feelings of skill and a sense that one can improve and succeed (Deci et al. Citation1991).

      As a psychologist I find myself thinking about motivation, autonomy, and competence as very useful; the relatedness I could see varying based on students' perceived psychological safety.