推理模型比非推理模型显示出2-3倍的性能提升速度，这是一个显著的增长率差异。这个倍数差异表明推理模型的引入可能代表了AI发展的一个重要转折点。然而，文章也指出无法确定精确的增长率，因为多种非线性拟合都能很好地解释数据。

Selection

Initial Assessment: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is recommended at diagnosis to assess aortic valve anatomy, valve function, and thoracic aortic diameters. CT or MRI is reasonable for comprehensive anatomic assessment. [1]

Surveillance Imaging: The choice depends on aneurysm location: [2]

Aortic root/proximal ascending aorta: TTE can be used if measurements correlate well with CT/MRI

Mid-ascending, arch, or descending thoracic aorta: CT or MRI is recommended

MRI is preferred for long-term surveillance to avoid cumulative radiation exposure from serial CT scans [1][3]

Surveillance Intervals

Size-Based Recommendations: [2-4]

<4.0 cm: Every 2-3 years if stable

4.0-4.4 cm: Every 2 years

4.5-4.9 cm: Annually

5.0-5.4 cm: Every 6-12 months (consider optimization for repair)

≥5.5 cm: Surgical evaluation indicated

Initial surveillance: Obtain follow-up imaging at 6-12 months after diagnosis to establish the growth rate. If stable, adjust interval based on size. [1]

Growth rate considerations: Descending thoracic aneurysms grow faster than ascending aneurysms (mean 2.76 mm/year vs 1 mm/year overall). Growth accelerates exponentially above 4.5 cm diameter. [3-4]

Earlier intervention is reasonable when high-risk features are present, including rapid growth (≥0.5 cm/year), symptomatic aneurysm, saccular morphology, or penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers

Im Standard stellt Martin Auber mit aktuellen Daten belegt dar, warum der bloße Ausbau der Kapazitäten zur Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien nicht zu einer Dekabonisierung führen wird. Der Energiebedarf wächst wesentlich schneller als die zur Verfügung stehende erneuerbare Energiepunkt. Durch den KI-Boom wird er noch einmal deutlich gesteigert. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000255154/wann-kommt-die-energiewende-oder-kommt-sie-gar-nicht

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation. (2021). 45.

Dr Nisreen Alwan 🌻. (2021, December 23). We’re in unchartered territory. Https://t.co/O1GGcXpMll [Tweet]. @Dr2NisreenAlwan. https://twitter.com/Dr2NisreenAlwan/status/1474051397570248716

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “RT @BNODesk: BREAKING: U.S. reports 716,714 new coronavirus cases, setting world record for cases in one day” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478987541332348933

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, December 23). UKHSA surveillance report shows reinfections rising sharply as Omicron takes hold https://t.co/UGArY4sbOA [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1474041921249189896

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, March 11). RT @dgurdasani1: UKHSA tech report out—TL;DR: -BA.2 now represents >80% of omicron in England -Growth rate 80% greater relative to BA.1 p… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1502598815081275393

Cornelius Roemer. (2022, February 12). Fantastic work by @UKHSA comparing serial intervals of BA.1, BA.2 and Delta as published in the most recent technical briefing. BA.2 seems to have even shorter serial interval than BA.1 This could help explain different relative growth rates of BA.2 vs BA.1 in different countries https://t.co/Gch94Ew8CX [Tweet]. @CorneliusRoemer. https://twitter.com/CorneliusRoemer/status/1492434232664375304

Mahase, E. (2022). Covid-19: What do we know about omicron sublineages? BMJ, 376, o358. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o358

Trevor Bedford. (2022, January 28). Omicron viruses can be divided into two major groups, referred to as PANGO lineages BA.1 and BA.2 or @nextstrain clades 21K and 21L. The vast majority of globally sequenced Omicron have been 21K (~630k) compared a small minority of 21L (~18k), but 21L is gaining ground. 1/15 [Tweet]. @trvrb. https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1487105396879679488

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2022, January 26). here is BA.2 growth in Denmark. Https://t.co/stake8vHvq [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1486300603735330816

Max Roser. (2021, December 11). The number of confirmed COVID cases is rising in all of Southern Africa. Https://t.co/3hP7f3zoqt [Tweet]. @MaxCRoser. https://twitter.com/MaxCRoser/status/1469634777078710274

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, November 3). Good @NatGeo article by @Ecquis on the growing AY.4.2 variant in the UK with lots of great experts explaining it. And a little bit of me too! At its current growth rate, it will probably become dominant in UK by the end of the year. Https://t.co/X9O9kbew2L [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1455899379475361795

Challen, R., Dyson, L., Overton, C., Guzman-Rincon, L., Danon, L., & Gog, J. (n.d.). Briefing note: Potential community transmission of B.1.617.2 inferred by S-gene positivity. 18.

Bolze, A., Cirulli, E. T., Luo, S., White, S., Cassens, T., Jacobs, S., Nguyen, J., Ramirez, J. M., Sandoval, E., Wang, X., Wong, D., Becker, D., Laurent, M., Lu, J. T., Isaksson, M., Washington, N. L., & Lee, W. (2021). Rapid displacement of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 by B.1.617.2 and P.1 in the United States [Preprint]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259195

Reproduction number (R) and growth rate: Methodology—GOV.UK. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/reproduction-number-r-and-growth-rate-methodology/reproduction-number-r-and-growth-rate-methodology

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @AdamJKucharski: Summary of NERVTAG view on new SARS-CoV-2 variant, from 18 Dec (full document here: Https://t.co/yll9beVI9A) https://t.…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1341034652082036739

Liu, L., Moon, H. R., & Schorfheide, F. (2020). Panel Forecasts of Country-Level Covid-19 Infections (Working Paper No. 27248; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27248

Burgess, M. G., Langendorf, R. E., Ippolito, T., & Pielke, R. (2020). Optimistically biased economic growth forecasts and negatively skewed annual variation [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/vndqr

Pichler, Anton, Marco Pangallo, R. Maria del Rio-Chanona, François Lafond, and J. Doyne Farmer. “Production Networks and Epidemic Spreading: How to Restart the UK Economy?” ArXiv:2005.10585 [Physics, q-Fin], May 21, 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.10585.

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