This has become another thing that has been lost. Now, more than ever we see kids and parents spending less time together. The parents have to work so many children are put in daycare and other programs where it is less of the parents raising them. Many times some of these kids will be spending less time with their actual parents than at daycare. Do you guys think that this has a drastic change on those kids growing up?

I truly believe this has been one of the biggest reasons people are having less and less kids. Today, women are forced to decide between a career and having more than one child. Many people these days are already struggling to make ends meet in the US and with the estimated cost of raising a kid for 18 years being north of $250,000 dollars many are being forced to work dead end jobs with crazy hours. What do you guys think should be done to make America more affordable for families these days?

• How does culture affect schooling in these countries, and how have these changed over the years?

When reading this, the only thing I somewhat disagree with is that I don't really think most of the time parents don't pass down their social identity. I think a lot of the time, families give a burden for the offspring to carry themselves in their own kids.

The final part about the naps caught my eye. I knew about the sleeping during school but never that this also shows if a kid is working hard. Being the highest school is just a great representation of the culture Japan shows about making your elders proud. Do you think you can clearly see the difference between U.S and Japan in present day?

This quote is quite eye opening to me. Because it shows the much our world of culture and tradition has changed. Don’t you guys also think that the reason the present dropped is because women are now trying to get their own degrees as well and not us finish high school and then try to marry? This text shows the progress women have made.

To me, this passage means a lot. It reminds me everyday to be grateful for what I have and for the people who got us here. I can’t imagine it was easy to live during a time where you could only raise your own food and had to constantly move. To me now, I constantly eat out and live in Phoenix which is a big city. This has always been normal life to me, and seeing how others started making “cities” by using shelters is insane to me. I wonder how many shelters would be in one area back then? How often did they have to move? What kind of food did they eat regularly? Did they know how much of an impact they’d make in the future?

Hearing that 8% of children never go to school and 25% never reach high school is gut wrenching. It made me realize how truly lucky and blessed I am to have a good family, live in a nice area, and a nice country. How do people manage to live life without being able to read or write? Do these people struggle to read labels on food? COVID also affected my own schooling as I was in 7th grade when it hit. School didn’t go back to normal until my sophomore year. Even then, rules that changed after COVID are still in place. For example, retakes used to not be allowed in high school but after COVID, it was district rule we got to retake anything as much times as possible. Sometimes I still wonder what college was like before COVID? How has it changed since then? Are professors more lenient now than they used to be?

This genuinely shocked me. For my entire life, I believed that around 75-80% of people went to religious services weekly. Seeing only 34% say they attended religious services shocked my system. I grew up in an area where almost everyone went to religious services and it was difficult to find someone who didn’t. Are certain parts of the country more religious than others? Are there more religious services in higher populated areas compared to lower populated areas? Do more people attend monthly rather than weekly?

This passage definitely opened my eyes. My whole life, I’ve always thought that getting older meant I had to get married and find my “true love.” This made me realize that our social norm has made our life revolve around love and marriage. It made me start thinking, what would life be without love? What would like be without marriage? Would this make life easier or harder or would not much change?

This book really made me think about how decisions in urban planning and design—like gentrification in neighborhoods such as Fremont—can unintentionally harm some communities while benefiting others. It connects to what I’m researching because it highlights the importance of including local residents in decisions that affect their daily lives. Personally, it made me wonder: how often do city planners truly consider the voices of long-term residents when approving new developments, and could applying design justice principles help reduce negative population health outcomes like stress and displacement?

The article explains why 2+2=4 isn't always true in real life, like when mixing vinegar and baking soda. It shows how context can change math facts. Sometimes, 2+2 can seem to equal 5.

I find this article interesting because while Elon Musk claimed he wanted to back out of the Twitter deal because of the plethora of bots, it seems to be an excuse to allow him to back out. Additionally, while this seems to be an excuse to allow him to back out of the deal, legal experts determined it would be an "uphill battle," and may not be grounds to back out of the deal.

The gap in diversity and achievement gap at Berkeley high is not aligning. The efforts are not working and are very contradictory.

Chantelle's choice shows that she gave it some thought and honestly evaluated her academic skills. By thinking about how she learned and how her brother learned, she made a decision that might be better for her future school career. This kind of thinking about the future and making plans is a very useful skill for learning.

I experienced something very similar in my high school Spanish classes. It was common knowledge amongst students at the school that the teaching in the Spanish classes were mediocre, less than satisfactory, and undesirable. Additionally the expectations were very low and I learned very little despite taking 3 years of courses.

I would argue that this type of ranking of language contributes to a perpetuation and reproduction of a racial hierarchy within the school system.

The relationship between students and their school is not solely established through individual interactions between students and adults such as teachers or parents; it is significantly influenced by “peer culture.” In other words, the interactions, habits, values, and behavioral patterns students develop with their peers both inside and outside of school profoundly shape their relationship with the institution. Peer culture can either foster learning—such as by creating a positive study atmosphere and mutual encouragement—or have negative effects, like excluding high-achieving students or encouraging avoidance of academic responsibilities. Therefore, while schools focus on teacher-student relationships, they should also prioritize the social dynamics within student groups. Creating a more positive and inclusive peer culture environment helps students better adapt to school life and achieve their developmental goals.

While the education system nominally grants students “freedom of choice,” it is profoundly unfair to students from different backgrounds. Students with greater social and cultural capital often receive guidance from parents or teachers, enabling them to make decisions that benefit their academic advancement. Students like Chantelle, however, lacking such guidance, are forced to make far-reaching, misguided choices amid information asymmetry. “Freedom of choice” in education is, in fact, a form of structural bias—it appears equitable on the surface but actually widens the class divide.

The author points out that cultural capital encompasses linguistic style, demeanor, behavioral habits, and appearance—characteristics seemingly unrelated to academic performance that nonetheless influence students' school achievements and recognition. For instance, students from upper-middle-class families are more likely to master expressions and behavioral norms aligned with mainstream school culture, making them more easily perceived by teachers as “polite,” “intelligent,” or “promising.” Conversely, students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may be underestimated despite equal effort, due to differences in their manner of expression or conduct. This demonstrates how the education system subtly favors specific social groups, making cultural capital a key mechanism for reproducing social inequality.

However, such adjustments may be perceived as discriminatory from certain perspectives. If class assignments are made to balance students' family backgrounds, it inevitably creates so-called “good classes” and “less desirable classes.” Educational resources will consequently be skewed toward the good classes, while the less desirable classes are more likely to be neglected. Parents in the better-off classes, benefiting from greater economic means, may initiate more engaging social activities to broaden students' horizons and enhance their resumes. This is something parents in the disadvantaged classes often cannot match. This dynamic subtly widens the class divide between children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

It is evident that this is a direct manifestation of the disparity in educational resources and foundational advantages stemming from differing family socioeconomic backgrounds. Students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds can supplement and expand upon school knowledge through resources like private tutoring, ensuring they achieve outstanding academic results. In reality, numerous extracurricular opportunities—such as competitions and internships—require access to parental networks and information to secure. These information gaps lead to significant disparities in application essays and background qualifications during university admissions, leaving children from impoverished families without the chance to attend prestigious universities.

Reading about gentrification and changing demographics in Fremont made me think about consequentialism, specifically utilitarianism. Cities often justify redevelopment projects by claiming they create the greatest good for the most people—new businesses, higher tax revenue, and improved infrastructure. But from a utilitarian perspective, is the net happiness really maximized if long-term residents are displaced or priced out? Personally, it makes me question how we measure “well-being” in these situations and whether city planners are truly considering the outcomes for all community members, not just newcomers or investors.

Cases of reincarnation are more prominent in younger children the older ones

Their are many cases around the world of reincarnation each one more rare than the last.

Their is no correlation to a wether a persons religious determines them to be reincarnated further explains anyone can be reincarnated even if they don’t believe in it

This proves reincarnation is possible in a way but it could also be a pure coincidence.

He’s remembering past memories.

This statement highlights the high prevalence of depression and cognitive decline among elderly individuals living in institutional settings, such as nursing homes. It emphasizes that these symptoms are not only common but also crucial considerations when assessing the overall health and functioning of this population. The authors are suggesting that mental health and cognitive status should be integrated into evaluations of institutionalized older adults, as these factors may interact with nutrition, medication use, and functional ability

I think this is so vital to recognize, although it is vague compared to some other statements. Nutrition as we all know is essential to physical performance of everyday life but now, we are realizing it can affect a person's emotional needs. By finding the basics of this, we can recognize and prevent issues such as mental decline and instead promote diets that allow for a person's mind to stay stable.

I think everyone, including myself, can relate to this statement. Definitely not to the same extent as Coyote, who is fearing dangerous consequences, maybe even death. However, I think everyone has been in a scenario where they wanted to help out, everyone told them no, and then they went through with it anyway. After actually doing what was advised against, everyone gets angry, and you fear punishment when really you had no ill intent to begin with.

Addressing question three, which I will be answering, is the emotions this text makes me feel. This idea makes me feel annoyed with the people who have become unhappy. At first, they complained that there was overcrowding, and now they complain about the solution. Assuming that temporary death means more people were born in addition to those who came back to life, it seems selfish that people would rather keep coming back to life rather than letting new people who haven't experienced life experience it to the fullest with less overcrowding. Their feeling sad for those who have passed on, I have no problem with, but the overall discontent this text expresses annoys me with its demonstration of humans constantly not being satisfied.

This piece of the text confused me because it seemed to contradict itself. Coyote is recommending that people die forever because temporary death leads to overcrowding, thus creating a lack of food. My question is, why is food needed if death is temporary? If death is a meaningless concept, it just means temporarily being a spirit. Is there really a problem with having too little food?

This line shows how myths explain natural and emotional realities — in this case, grief and the unknown after death. The story uses the wandering spirits to make sense of human sorrow and the mystery of where souls go. It’s both poetic and tragic.

I wonder why Coyote decided to close the door. Did he truly believe this would help the world, or was it pure jealousy and anger because his idea was rejected? This makes me think about how tricksters often act out of emotion, not reason.

This moment echoes Lewis Hyde’s idea of the trickster as a boundary-breaker. Like Coyote, he challenges the community’s decision and insists that death should be permanent. In doing so, he breaks the social and moral order that values life and rebirth. Although his actions appear selfish and cruel, they ultimately reshape the natural balance, showing how tricksters bring transformation through chaos and contradiction.

It's surprising how tweets can be both regular info and "info about info", depending on how you look at it. Metadata is important because it can reveal your habits and personality, which is crucial for maintaining privacy. It's scary how companies might use this extra info to target you with ads or figure out what you're like.

In my own experience, this is the first time I have ever heard of Metadata, not in school, and I don't recall learning about it, either, due to my poor memory. Is Metadata only for Social Media or does it apply to games, websites, etc...?

The author shows how Harold, who comes from a poor family, has big differences with Garrett because they had very different childhoods. Garrett's family has a lot of money, so they can do fun things and get a lot of useful things. But Harold's family doesn't have enough money for food and other basic needs. Harold's mother loves her kids very much, but she can only give them the basics because the family doesn't make enough money, which forever stunts Harold's growth. Kids' minds and feelings get hurt when they are exposed to violence and don't get enough food or medical care. This makes it harder for them to deal with problems that occur in poverty.

The parents play crucial roles in setting up their kids for educational success. Personality traits also determine one’s trajectory

This gap has to close down. Income cannot be the determining factor of ones education

Childhood experiences lead to trauma that affects people for the rest of their lives

By providing stable economic and social security for low-income families, “New Hope” not only alleviates parents' financial burdens but also indirectly improves children's growth environments. Parents' financial stability and psychological relief enable them to devote more time and emotional resources to their children's education and companionship. This demonstrates that educational equity cannot be achieved solely through school-based reforms; social welfare policies also play a crucial role in promoting students' academic and mental well-being. This research reminds policymakers: investing in families is investing in the very foundation of education.

From an economic perspective, high-income families can provide more growth-enhancing “inputs” for their children, such as nutritionally balanced diets, richer home learning environments, higher-quality childcare or extracurricular educational resources, and safe, stimulating community settings. Collectively, these factors give children an early advantage in cognitive, language, and social skills. Psychological and sociological research indicates that economic hardship can undermine the quality of family relationships—such as increased parental stress, insufficient emotional support, and reduced family interaction—thereby indirectly affecting children's mental health and motivation to learn. The roots of educational inequality lie not solely within schools but form much earlier at the family level, even during infancy. This underscores that educational equity cannot be achieved by schools alone; it requires social policy interventions such as improving living conditions for low-income families, providing early education support, and strengthening community resources. Otherwise, the wealth gap will manifest not only in income disparities but also be passed down through generations as a “gap in knowledge and opportunity.”

Educational inequality exists from the very start of schooling, not just in secondary or higher education. Family economic circumstances directly influence children's cognitive development through early educational investments—such as books, language environments, and extracurricular resources—thereby creating “structural inequity” at the starting line of academic achievement. Moreover, this gap widens over time, generating a “cumulative advantage” effect. In other words, the education system often inadvertently replicates society's economic stratification rather than dismantling it.

Why would you expect structural predictions to depend on an organism's representation in UniProt?

Researchers are fueled by wanting to solve personal,professional and societal problems .

Virus --> hidung berair (bakteri tidak)

AI history

In 1963, the Department of Defense funded an AI program at MIT (here’s a fantastic deep dive into that history)

Creating a research plan outline can help by identifying main points in your research.

Make your thoughts understandable and use known facts in your paper.

I was shocked at how astroturfing makes something fake look like real public support. I didn’t realize how often it's used in politics and marketing to manipulate opinions, especially online with bots and fake accounts. It really makes you question what’s real on the internet.

Can we update this section as of 2025? It's possible that a lot has changed, given that foundation models are so much more multi-modal these days.

It makes it natural, it is how the Nazis got Germans to be okay with the genocide of the jews. It's how any genocide is justified

one forgets the power of symbols

hmmm

ok. well serious conflicts happen. idk what tot tell you

summerhill solos this fraud school entirely

so? youre just inventing a new system that creates its own variety of men

so what happens when a child loses points for complaining during the soup test? does the child know theyve lost points? do they ever find out? what are the consequences for that? because if the child knows then there is definitely a punishment. perhaps not an intentional one, but there is a feeling that the child has done something wrong.

Okay so then you're sheltering them from reality and introducing challenges that are not nearly as tough as the challenges of life. How is that preparing them for anything

hmm but these situations are entirely contrived. the only reason the children have any relationship with pains are because theyre decided by the authority. so theyll experience aches and pains in the real world, fine, but those can and will have so many different reasons. if they experience a famine, they won't have the school authority to turn to as the reason behind it. their learning experiences are artificial in nature.

HOW do u know this to be the case, frazier,

HUH???? HUH????? HOW

agree with skinner

yeah this is definitely potentially traumatizing to a child. will it equip the child to be able to handle self control in the future? sure, maybe. it could also teach them to fear authority and break down in a time of need. it could become a trigger. every person reacts differently to this sort of thing. what works for one child may break another. and hard times don't make strong people, they only identify which people make it through alright and which people don't. plenty of people who have experienced trauma are able to snap into action when a high-stakes situation happens. my girlfriend is one of them. she can react to an emergency with great clarity. but what of her ability to perform under low stakes, during times of stability? she's not trained to operate in those situations. its very difficult for her. also this type of lesson can have unintended consequences. the fact that any groaning or complaining results in a wrong answer teaches children to suppress themselves. what if, in the future, the child needs to speak up in a situation where they're being mistreated, but can't because a part of themselves forbids them to?

I think social media platforms allow bots to help cut down on labor costs. For example, bots can answer frequently asked question, and handle customer service tasks which saves time and money. It's an easy way to automate simple interactions without needing a real person each time.

Wealthier students are more likely to graduate, while poorer students are more likely to drop out. However, the true root causes often form much earlier, at the family and community stages. In other words, college is merely the “final manifestation” of inequality, not its origin. Family structure, early educational resources, parental cultural capital, and social support networks are the deeper causes behind the ultimate disparities in college graduation rates. This passage embodies Putnam's core argument: without addressing the foundational social structures, merely lowering tuition or expanding enrollment cannot truly eliminate educational stratification.

The role of teachers has long since devolved from “educators” to “order-maintaining guards.” Violence and disorder not only disrupt the learning environment for students but also severely undermine teachers' professional passion and instructional quality. Through this description, Putnam conveys a deeper social reality: educational challenges in impoverished communities often stem not merely from shortages of teachers or funding, but reflect structural societal breakdown—broken families, community violence, and economic anxiety all erupt collectively within classrooms. Teachers in such environments often succumb to a sense of powerlessness, while students lose the security and trust essential for learning. This passage thus transcends a mere description of schools; it becomes an indictment of the failure of education at the bottom of society.

Social class has gradually replaced race as the key dividing line determining educational opportunities and academic achievement. Following the civil rights movement, American society made some progress in narrowing racial disparities, yet simultaneously, economic and socioeconomic inequalities deepened. Through this comparison, Putnam highlights that the core issue has shifted from “racial injustice” to “class stratification”—while nominally egalitarian, the education system has in practice reinforced the intergenerational transmission of family wealth and resources. This trend signifies that poverty is no longer primarily a matter of skin color, but a structural socioeconomic issue; the function of education in helping children achieve upward mobility is being progressively eroded.

This stark contrast most vividly reveals the reality that “though both are public schools, they seem worlds apart.” Putnam uses concrete data to illustrate structural inequality—on the surface, the two schools appear similar in “hard metrics” like faculty and funding, yet student backgrounds (social class and family resources) ultimately determine educational outcomes. This demonstrates that disparities in educational quality stem not merely from institutional design, but are deeply rooted in family environments and community ecosystems. Education thus becomes a mechanism for reproducing social stratification.

The American Dream that emphasizes ability above all else is being shattered by the reality where family background prevails. Although high-achieving students from poor families possess academic potential, they may find it difficult to complete their college education due to factors such as economic pressure, lack of family support, and psychological stress. On the other hand, low-achieving students from wealthy families, even with mediocre academic abilities, can make up for the gap through family resources and graduate smoothly. This phenomenon where ability gives way to background means that the American education system has not only failed to narrow the class gap but has instead become a tool for class solidification, completely deviating from the core value of equality of opportunity.

After-school activities are originally an important way to cultivate soft skills such as teamwork and leadership. However, due to the policy of charging fees for participation, they have become the exclusive resources of affluent families. This gap not only affects students' comprehensive qualities, but also creates a hidden disadvantage in further education and employment. The experiences and skills accumulated by affluent students through after-school activities will become bonus points favored by universities during admissions and by employers, further widening the gap with poor students.

esidential spatial differentiation is an invisible driver of educational class segregation. This model of selecting schools through housing prices essentially links educational resources to economic capacity: affluent families secure quality education for their children by purchasing school district housing, while low-income families are excluded. This creates a vicious cycle where the wealthier one is, the more access they have to good education, and the better they can maintain their wealth through education — further solidifying class stratification.

Educational outcomes depend not only on what schools provide, but also on what students bring with them to school. The two schools are barely different in hardware conditions such as per-student funding and teacher experience, yet their students' outcomes vary drastically — the core gap lies in the socioeconomic background of their student bodies.

坚持立场

巨大的

审查制度

监视

I like this way of instruction honestly. It's a way I think that can hit the way that each student can learn. It's also not just straight up throwing these kids into the deep end with the lessons and the units.

This is something I really like, outlining the highlights and important parts of our units and lessons really ensures that we will be able to fill in around it some of maybe the lesser stuff or the easier stuff we can scaffold up to the harder stuff and the main points.

I really like this description for lesson plans because a road map can be deviated from if needed and I know that sometimes during lessons we have to do just that to make sure that everyone understands what it is we're going through.

This is game-changing for Salem: using shared identities to link parish records, land deeds, family trees, and trial transcripts. The end outcome would be a Linked Salem Dataset, allowing users to move from a confession to a property border to a minister's sermon. It is an ethical rebuilding of context, reuniting the social fabric that panic once ripped apart.

This is precisely how we should approach Salem: begin with the ultimate goal, an accurate, ethical, and transparent record, and then construct the digital record accordingly. The way we encode witness depositions, confessions, and execution maps impacts how future audiences "learn" Salem. Designing from the endpoint involves envisioning the reader or researcher we want to empower, rather than merely the dataset we aim to complete.

This is critical for redigitizing Salem documents. Do we track gender? Occupation? Relation to the accusers? Each field approaches causation differently. If we exclude "social ties," we may overlook the neighbour networks that fueled accusation chains. Data fields equal interpretive power.

While I have never used 4chan before or even been on the website, I have always known it as a social media platform with very little moderation where anything goes. I find it interesting how, despite how long it's been since its inception and the reputation it has gotten for being a website that breeds toxicity and hate, it is still very active. I also find it interesting how active it is considering how aged the site looks and how much friction it has.

A detail from the source that I found interesting is that the first radio signals were being sent in the 1970s at the University of Hawaii, but it took until 20 years later in 1992, in Germany for the first actual text message to be sent.

User friction is any barrier that keeps people from staying on your site and is usually some kind of impedance. Things like too many ads, slow loading pages, bugs, and unintuitive design come to mind. User friction is broken into three categories, Emotional friction, Cognitive friction and Interaction friction. Minimizing these are key in good web design.

What’s newer to me is that Standage defines social media as part of a long tradition of humans sharing news, gossip, and opinions through networks such as coffeehouses, pamphlets, and letters, rather than a sudden invention of the Internet. The emergence of the Internet has greatly increased the speed of information dissemination, from a quantitative change to a qualitative change. Perhaps the problems we face today, such as misinformation and fake news, are not actually new problems.

For me, My Little Pony always relates back to a place of nostalgia, but it's fandom of grown men called "Bronies" display a great example of strange internet subcultures within social media history. Social media has always been a place for people to find their niches, even if they are "weird" or socially unacceptable. That's why sites like 4chan have existed to allow for the posting of unregulated content. However, one thing I will say about subcultures within social media is they usually always find a way to get political at some point. From furries being tied with leftist views, Taylor Swift fans now being called MAGA with the release of her new album, and even bronies having a Nazi problem, it seems the internet and politics have always been intertwined within history.

It’s cool to see Tom Standage’s Writing on the Wall: Social Media — The First 2,000 Years cited here. His historical framing helps us see that social media isn’t entirely new, only evolved. I’d also suggest adding Shoshana Zuboff’s The Age of Surveillance Capitalism as a counterpoint source: it connects design history with power, data extraction, and economic incentives, deepening the discussion of how “design” choices embed commercial values.

4chan has undeniably been one of those social media sites I had herd about, but never really used. When I recently decided to visit the site, I was shocked by it's retro user interface, and confusing layout. People on 4chan seem to post in their own niche subcategories, and reply in threads like reddit. The whole site itself feels like lost media, but people post regularly, and even talk about current events. Overall, I think the site is a great example of how despite the site looking rather out dated, and confusing to use, it still has a loyal fan base which values un-regulated speech over flashy and newer designs.

With web 1.0 mainly being content created by independent companies, 2.0 being content created by individual people, and web 3.0 being the integration of AI which we are rapidly approaching that possibility, it makes me wonder about the possibilities of web 4.0. I assume it would be content created by a community, with individual ideas seamlessly integrated into a cohesive media, able to be easily understood.

This wikipedia entry caught my eye because I have a personal interest in scrolling, specifically scrolling on social media. This wikipedia page starts by explaining what scrolling is. I think everyone in this day and age knows what scrolling is, but it was interesting to read about it in the most basic, kindergarten level way of thinking. That scrolling is sliding text, images, or video across a screen vertically or horizontally. It gives the example of movie credits, which is interesting to me because all I think about when I hear the word scrolling is physically scrolling on social media. There was also section dedicated to infinite scrolling which is what I really wanted to read about. I learned that Aza Raskin is the person who created this feature in 2006. And that he regrets creating it because he thinks it contributes to smartphone and social media addictions. I agree with him on that.

User friction keeps users from achieving goals that they desire to do online. There are three types of user friction, emotional friction, interaction friction, and cognitive friction. Emotional friction is when something online is hard to use which create negative feeling for users and prevent users from doing what they willing to do. Interaction friction is when aa website is too confusing and hard to navigate. The website is complicated to use which may cause user giving up on using the website. Lastly, cognitive friction occurs when a website doesn't achieve users expectation. This article also talks about three types of clicking which often occurs when users loose patience on doing something and start clicking whatever they see one the website.

In this article it talks about conspiracy theories weren’t just a modern phenomenon and how throughout the 19th century, American political figures accused other country's of secret deals, collusion, and hidden plots. These accusations were especially common during the rise of political parties, and they helped shape distrust in goverment institutions.

The cited Wikipedia Bibliography for "Web 2.0" provides a solid definition of the Web 2.0. It described as the version of the internet we use today. Which mean you can actively interact with websites instead of just reading them. It's often called the "participative social web" because it lets you create your own content and share it or connect with others on platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Wikipedia. This evolution turned the web from a one-way information source into a collaborative space.

The man who created endless online scrolling understands the addictive nature of social media and how he affected it with his creation. Social media has been heavily present in the last few decades but it has recently been ramped up due to such tactics. Infinite scroll makes it super easy to want to look at the next thing on your page since it is such an easy action. Eventually, you keep scrolling, trying to search for a dopamine rush but you just waste minutes, if not hours, of your time.

I was struck by the biblical reference that occurs with the line “Gentile or Jew.” This line is referencing 1 Corinthians 12: “For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body – Jews or Greeks, slaves or free – and all were made to drink of one Spirit. For the body does not consist of one member but many.” (1 Corinthians 12: 13-14) The first thing that jumped out to me was the transition from “Greeks” in the translation of the bible given as our source to “Gentile” in The Waste Land. While in the context of the Bible they mean effectively the same thing (non-Jewish people in the early stages of Christianity), Eliot’s choice to use “Gentiles” seems contradictory to the rest of the imagery in the passage. The other sources referenced and “Phlebas the Phoenician” are explicit references to Greek mythology and figures, so Eliot’s choice in using “Gentile” rather than Greek is clearly an intentional one. This choice expands the view of the passage beyond just the Greek myths, which is reflected in the rest of the passage from 1 Corinthians. In the context of “Death by Water,” the language of “baptized” and “drink” in 1 Corinthians has an intentional impact, connecting the Gentiles and Jews to water, and connecting the process of baptism with the drowning of the sailor in The Waste Land. The insertion of “Gentile or Jew” directly after “entering the whirlpool” connects the drowned man to the process of baptism, connecting him to a process of new Christian life in his death. In this context, “Gentile or Jew” serves to unify him with all others, taking his individual story and blurring it together with multiple. The other sources that are blended into this passage fit that pattern, with multiple examples of death by water meshed together in this passage. In a similar sense, the distillation of the previously long “Death by Water” into such a short passage reflects this, combining detailed stories into one small, cryptic moment of the poem.

The passages from 1 Corinthians about humility and connectedness directly parallel Eliot's "Death by Water." When Paul warns "let any one who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall" and declares that "by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body Jews or Greeks, slaves or free," he establishes universal connectedness and equality. Eliot echoes this precisely with "Gentile or Jew / O you who turn the wheel and look to windward". Eliot directly welcomes all readers regardless of identity to recognize themselves in Phlebas's fate. The warning to "Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you" mirrors Paul's warning to those who think they stand. Just as Paul insists "the body does not consist of one member but of many," Eliot reminds us that everyone will rise and fall and pass through the stages of age just like the Phoenician sailor"rose and fell / He passed the stages of his age and youth" captures both the physical motion in the currents and the cycle of life which humans endure. The “wheel” reference suggests a constant spinning cycle, reinforcing that everyone will pass through youth and death. Eliot conveys the same message as Paul. Those who think they are above will fall, as we are all connected and destined for the same fate.

A thesis statement is about combining all your key points into a summary.

Many teachers initially enter the education field to change the status quo and promote fairness, but within institutionalized rules and administrative demands, ideals are often eroded and original aspirations forgotten. True courage lies in upholding the educational principles of fairness and justice within a system that perpetuates inequality.

This passage is profoundly powerful because it not only critiques the injustices within educational structures but also reminds educators to embrace their civic responsibility—education is not merely the transmission of knowledge but the practice of social justice. The author encourages educators to proactively connect with students' communities, cultures, and realities, identifying strengths within their lived experiences rather than defining their “shortcomings” by societal standards. This educational philosophy embodies both a professional mission and a moral commitment: ensuring every student has the opportunity to envision and pursue a future filled with hope.

In China's public education system, the opposite may actually be true. In primary school and kindergarten, teachers may prefer you to be an obedient child rather than a bright or curious one. Because China's public education is rigid, it seeks to produce identical, well-calibrated machines rather than nurturing distinct souls.

Students' social circles and social class are thus restricted. If they lack opportunities to meet people from higher social classes and actively engage with them, their chances of securing good job opportunities and advancing socially are greatly diminished. Humans are social creatures, and one's social circle largely determines their class. If students fail to actively network and break out of their circles during college—a time when class divisions among students are less pronounced—they will find it much harder to seize such opportunities in their future careers and lives.

The "failure to accumulate social capital" mentioned by the author is a common dilemma for me and many other overseas students. When I first arrived abroad, I had absolutely no idea that I should take the initiative to talk with professors about academic plans and that I needed to maintain a relationship in advance if I wanted them to write recommendation letters for me. It was not until I saw local classmates regularly going to professors' offices to build connections that I realized this was an important part of the hidden curriculum.

The Salem trials can be viewed as an agent-based model of hysteria. Each villager followed minor contextual principles such as fear, piety, conformity, and suspicion, but they all contributed to widespread dread. Agent-based thinking explains how little individual decisions ("I will name one more person") led to systematic violence. The emergent phenomenon was unplanned; it resulted from repeated micro-actions under specific social conditions.

This shows the information about how covid-19 started and expanded. It said that the virus is founded on 2019.12 in China and WHO announced it is a public health emergency of international concern on 2020.1.30. Until 2023.11, there are 778523540 people had covid and 7100783 were died because of covid-19. However, there might be more excess mortality during this period. Many countries provided vaccines to their people, and quarantine patients. Here is a detail in this website is that many companies and shutdown during covid-19 periods, and caused supply shortage and unemployment rate increased.

Well this is new! Never used bumble before, i fact, a little frightened by swiping. At least this dimistify the risk of cyber security. That said, it is still important to keep everything under control and be aware what information and who you are giving in to.

Now in the social media there are many influencer sustain their fake persona. For example, they might be fake couple, fake job. Or sometimes when they want to sell their product, they will make fake video to shows how good the products are, but the true thing is the products aren't that good, they all want is for money. However, some influencer will make short drama video online, I think it is ok, because if they told everyone first, then people will just watch it as a drama. But if you want to sell some products and make fake video, I think that is pretty bad. So when facing the video online, we should be careful.

Inauthenticity can be both a mask and a mirror — something we wear, and something that reveals how complex we are. Sometimes, by reversal assumption, we get what others are trying to achieve, and thus understand their true motives. It's like psychology game. Reminds me of Hannibal.

in dire need

inti

* Sighting = avistamiento. * Guest = huésped, invitado. * According = de acuerdo. * Request = solicitud.

* Lead = conducir/dirigir. * To = hasta.

* **was it fed that? ** = fue alimentado con eso?

* Flesh = carne. * chunk = pedazo. * Certain = cierto. * to = hasta.

* Bits = trozos, pedazos. * Burn off = quemar. * Enhance = mejora. * Regardless = a pesar, independiente de. * Attach = adjuntar.

* Follow = entender.

* Soar = elevar. * Amount = cantidad. * Strengthened = fortificadas , fortalecidas. * coverage = cobertura, reportaje. * Medios = medios, noticias * So on = y Asi sucesivamente, y además.

Explanation: In this passage, Taney describes a procedural moment where Dred Scott’s lawyers asked the judge to instruct the jury to rule in Scott’s favor, as both sides had already agreed on the facts. The judge refused to do so, and Scott’s team officially objected to preserve their right to appeal. This moment illustrates how the case shifted its focus from factual disagreement to legal interpretation.

Connection to Originalist Thinking: Taney’s approach throughout the decision relies on originalist reasoning — he interprets the Constitution according to what he believes the framers’ intent was at the time it was written. By refusing to consider modern moral or social developments, Taney limits the case to what he thinks the founders would have recognized — meaning that, under the Constitution as originally written, enslaved people and their descendants could not be citizens. This is an example of originalism because it looks backward to 18th-century legal definitions instead of evolving ones.

Agree or Disagree: I disagree with Taney’s use of originalism here. His interpretation ignores the moral progress and human rights understanding that had developed since the Constitution was written. By anchoring his reasoning in the framers’ original context — a time when slavery was accepted — he denies Dred Scott’s humanity and right to citizenship. This shows the danger of relying too rigidly on historical intent without considering justice or equality in the present day.

Testing

Absolutely not

I find that using the dication feature helps when pre writing

Caste in relation to climate related disparities. Comparing U.S racial heiarchy with that of caste

Example of how structural racism impacts climate change

impact of structural racism

Key Term: Structural Racism

Just as economic factors, ecological factors have an effect that can affect people's health .

people who are not expected to fall under social norms are often targeted. or more prone to fall under the criminal justice system .

economic instability is multifaceted that affects people in multiple factors that are not always visible. 

I guess this is why they randomly listed differences between ai and us in the introduction

values quality than fitting into an unjust system

lots of eating

not as slow

95 percent of park = forest

My question is, why did Facebook put all of its competitors out of business so quickly? What did they do so much better that the others could not compete? Social media platforms like Myspace were dominating the industry, and for one social media platform to just completely dominate over the ones that were also leading in the industry.

In the online world today the presence of both 4-chan and 8-chan has become so much more prevalent. It feels like I see it mentioned almost everywhere, and especially when it comes to violent acts. In most instances of mass shootings or political attacks the perpetrator has had some presence on message boards like this.

Although it is important that people have free speech to express themselves on the internet. It is also very important to make the community inclusive and comfortable for all the users. In most of social medias nowadays; there's people who's working for the company to filter what content is okay to be spread on the internet. Internet should not be a place where people go crazy and doesn't care about what they say just become it is anonymous and other people don't know who they are.

This is something that everyone always says when you are growing up. Now, it really resonates with me as a student because there are many failures and mistakes that I have made where I have learned from it.

It is encouraging to hear about struggles from other people. It brings people together knowing that we as people have struggled with the same topics. It encourages us to keep going because we see a role model who also struggled and is now very successful.

I have always appreciated when teachers and professors included questions where we as students have to reflect on ourselves. It puts me in a mindset where I am able to learn more about myself in an educational setting.

This spoke to me because almost every time a scientific discovery was made it was through trial and error. There is no improvement if there is no error.

I never thought about this before. I have always put all of them under one category and never thought to separate them before.

It is important to know the difference between these two because it is good to know what is there but has not been uncovered yet and what is there naturally.

Labs are meant to learn from your mistakes. When you make a mistake you learn to grow from your past. Its the same as learning from history. History makes you acquire wisdom.

I agree teachers should encourage students. But also students should be able to discipline themselves to become a better learner.

This is very important, especially for any stem fields, because new ideas are constantly being made and new evidence is constantly coming out. So it is important to being open to new discoveries being made.

Its the same as when you go to a doctor. You get multiple opinions in order to be sure that you are diagnosed correctly.

Practecing thinking skills everyday helps you become an effective reader and problem solver.

Project based learning that can actually allow the student to get creative with the assignment have usually been the assignments I have both learned from and enjoyed the most. the key part about project based learning in my opinion is giving students plenty of choices

I've found that the best teachers in my memory are the teachers that have tried to see how other students perceive the subject, not just how they themselves perceive it. This helps them relate to their students a lot more and thus helps them teach better

You use critical thinking everyday. When talking with others, you have to critically think sometimes just to make a good impression on someone. You also have use critical thinking when decision making as one bad decision can make immense impacts on your life.

Critical thinking makes one actually reflect and think about what they did or they are currently studying. I feel like just critically thinking about a topic could be a studying technique.

I think it it helpful because it makes the mind actually think instead of just coasting through easy assignments.

I think critical thinking is very much useable in everyday life, even outside of just school. It can be a very helpful skill to use later on in life if you're able to develop and use it.

It is especially important to take advantage of any resources you can in order to make the most out of the material you are learning. For example, if I am stuck on a problem some resources I can use are textbooks, the help of teachers and outside tutoring to use as a reference for the problem that I am having trouble solving.

I relate to this a lot because I feel that having an open mind really helps in understanding complicated problems from different perspectives. Especially when working in groups and listening to the different ideas that your peers have to share.

I often find this essential to get a deeper understanding on a concept I do not understand because helps me understand why a certain answer is wrong and to avoid it the next time I make a mistake.

Stoneditch pointed out an unusual period of media concentration in the United States in the 1900s. This centralization creates a more unified national narrative that feels very different from today’s fragmented social media environment. This “solidarity” can silence minority voices because, as the passage points out, those mainstream newsrooms are dominated by white people, resulting in limited diversity in the news media, further increasing the promotion of a single group narrative.

As the work media entails, and form of interaction with the physical world can count as a form of media. And as such, any interaction with the physical world can also count as a form of social media. Mediums can also become social through the exposure to other people, but this also brings up the question of is a media only social if shared or perceived by some body else.

I found this interesting because I have never considered how graffiti and books would be social media, but it makes sense. In the world of the internet, so much more media types can be spread and go "viral," so it's interesting to think about how much more work it was for a piece of media to go viral before the internet was created.

I appreciated the tension you raised around friction vs. frictionless design — it really made me think, on one hand, low friction feels like “good usability,” but as you note, design can deliberately add friction to push users toward more thoughtful behavior. I wonder: is there a risk that too much deliberate friction becomes paternalistic or manipulative (assuming users can’t be trusted)?

User interfaces, may seem like such a small aspect of an app's design, but in reality contribute tremendously to it's success. For example, TikTok's scrolling algorithm is what makes us addicted to it. The basically endless push of new content is what has personally made me "doom scroll" for hours. Same with tinder, as the swipe right on a person's profile to show interest, or swipe left to indicate you are not interested, dramatically simplifies it's usability to where you could be swiping non stop, compared to if it were a menu with a "next" button. So in total, under interfaces are not only good for creating those annoying little "x"s on ads, but also making an app become successful in the long run.

A user can provide many things about themselves in a profile if they chose to do so. They can provide a picture of themselves, their name, age, school, graduating year, personal interests, music,life and professional content, and so much more. A user can also chose to have a public or private account. Depending if they want to regulate their viewers.

The text says the user interface is what you view and interact with. My question is what do we call the part of the system that the user doesn't see? For example, the algorithm that decides what order posts appear in user's feed is a huge part of user experience. But it's not part of the UI. Is there a specific name for that "behind-the-scenes" part?

It’s interesting seeing how the different social media sites can create connections between multiple people. I feel like it’s one of the most important aspects of social media which makes it interesting seeing how different some sites are. Some don’t have formal connections, some offer one way connections such as subscriptions or followers, and others have long forums with a certain topic that allows many to speak about such topic.

It is important to use rhetoric to create designs that appeal to the customers. Using rhetoric you can build upon your original designs and add more ways to benefit the user, which helps make sure more people continue using the product.

I think when she says it's easy to forget what she came for, it;s because there's so much to take in down there ; not just the wounds and broken things, but also strange , hauntingly beautiful details that make you want to stay and wander.Tat's why there seem to be people who have 'always lived here' - they've settles among the ruins, maybe trapped by it or maybe finding a kind of comfort in it.

I think this is powerful because it shows that we are all part of this search. Even if our names weren't written in the old stories, we can still go down there and see the wreck for ourselves. I think the wreck here might be our traumas or things we try to forgetting. this line is really deep

I love how she describes the wreck so vividly that we can picture it. it makes me think of the dark times in our own lives when we wanted to reach the sunlight so badly. some things we believed would last forever ended up drifting into the 'ocean of lost memories' I especially like the part about the ribs, it feels like those old hurts we try to ignore, but every now and then they poke us again. we can't really erase them ;we just learn to move around them, like tentative haunters of our own past.

the ladder is a symbol of a way into depths of history/memory, but here she wrote 'we who have used it' implying that not everybody chooses descend..Only the ones who choose to climb down can really start to face themselves and hidden truths.

this represents the conscious effort to go beyond the surface stories 'myths' and confront the deeper, often hidden realities 'the wreck'

unlike heroic male explorers, the speaker dives alone leads to feminist emphasis on personal, solitary quest

Reading this reminds me a lot of modern day Discord, so you could defiantly say that IRC was ancestor of modern multiple room based chats like Discord and other similar things. Even the layout as shown in this image is almost exactly like Discord and how it is laid out now, with a series of "channels" with different conversations to switch between on the left, the main conversation for that room in the middle (complete with the handle of whoever said something with when they said it), and the list of users on the right. If it ain't broke don't fix it I guess.

seems not that much but I know it is

co2 has been going up a lot

Propuesta bien hisserliana. Pero no es fenomenológica

Erdogan exercised extensive media control

Removing political oppenents from the arena

tort liability

yes

I think that this section and the following one would benefit from some actual outputs illustrated - e.g., stand and stock tables. I show students (in excel) how to generate stand and stock tables from plot and point sampling data in Baker. Seeing the outputs would make the illustrations more clear. But maybe the code spits those out?

I think it would be nice to show a stand and stock table generated from data here.

When is that? I would say that we can sometimes eliminate the need to measure DBH, as in VBAR, and only count logs, instead of measuring both. I don't think there is any situation where measuring height is easier than DBH. Choice 1. Measure DBH and height on in trees. Choice 2. Measure height only and use VBAR as a ratio estimator.

Sig figs in the table for volume and TPA?

Is it worth showing an illustration of the mirage or walkthrough with point sampling?

As above, three decimal places is likely overkill and the measurements aren't that precise.

Maybe round the numbers in the data to realistic values for precision?

is "toy" necessary. It's just a data set.

I'd put double asterisks or a different mark on the walkthrough trees counted twice in the figure. Makes it easier to read and understand quickly.

Maybe say parenthetically "(introduced in Section 12..)"?

add "only" before seedlings

delete this word

"is a common sampling method"

Maybe a little more insight into what this means in plain language?

At this point, it looks as though Iago's manipulative behavior is no longer needed because Othello is internalizing the lies and believes them at this point. He has fully submerged himself in the lies that come out of Iago's mouth that he deems true. He doesn't even sound like himself, calling Desdemona a "cunning whore of Venice".

It seems to me that this passage reveals Desdemona’s complete innocence and emotional vulnerability. it also shows how her goodness and gentleness make her powerless in the face of Othello’s (rather misplaced) rage.

When Desdemona says, “He might have chid me so, for, in good faith, / I am a child to chiding,” she is expressing both confusion and humility, comparing herself to a child who deserves gentle correction rather than cruelty. Her tone shows that she cannot understand why she is being punished. This furthers the point that she is innocent and cannot understand why she is in "trouble." This childlike response highlights the tragedy of her situation, her patience and faith in love leave her defenseless against Othello’s false accusations.

coxeys army