Jamaica's first political parties emerged in the late 1920s, while workers association and trade unions emerged in the 1930s. The development of a new Constitution in 1944, universal male suffrage, and limited self-government eventually led to Jamaican Independence in 1962 with Alexander Bustamante serving as its first prime minister.

Systems such as DOI can thus support resolution mechanisms that are likely to be able to maintain the resolution of identifiers regardless of changes in technology or to one particular system.

articulates requirements for readability sating that identifiers must be: Any printable characters from the Universal Character Set of ISO/IEC 10646 (ISO 2012):UTF-8 encoding is required; Case insensitive:Only ASCII case folding is allowed.

The reason for broadening them is that identifier resolution systems may be forced to change protocols over time and what is acceptable for one protocol may not be for another.

Creating identifiers that are independent of any particular technology or organisation and are able to be unambiguously understood are well-known requirement for PID systems.

— single management of data for multiple output formats (platform independence),

Many of its features reappear in most, and in some cases all, of the constitutions to come. These included the due process rights common in the American states (for example, protection against unlawful search and seizure and the right to be tried by a jury of your peers), the separation of powers backed up with checks and balances, and a wide variety of elected positions with short terms and term limits.

DeWine said he has talked directly with the director and several members of the six-member Ohio Casino Control Commission, to which the legislature gave the job of regulating the fledgling industry.

illusion of independence 01:02:25 part of what it is to be a self part of what it is to me this underlying transcendent atman is to be independent of the world standing against it acting on it but not being acted on by it 01:02:39 taking it as object but always being subject and so we get this illusion of independence and of transcendental freedom that really mistakes who we are and gives us very strange moral 01:02:51 attitudes of praise and blame and anger and pride and so forth

Generally speaking: The more independence a technology gives you, the higher its barrier for adoption.

The Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace / John Perry Barlow

“By the way,” she wrote, “in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could.” She went on, “If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.”

A technology whose affordances run contrary to your convictions can rob you of your independence — and any technology deployed on the scale of Canvas will inevitably do that.

dependent

Doctoral programs are often highly unstructured learning and training environments, where individual autonomy and freedom are highly valued. Decisions as to what counts as a good idea, a worthwhile project, or adequate progress are often left to the discretion of professors, and criteria for success can be opaque for students. This is even more so for those who are not already “in the know.”

Any local, state or national government, or any political machine, in order to live, must give the people assurance that they can express their will freely and that their votes will be counted. The most powerful machine cannot exist without the support of the people. Political bosses and political machinery can be good, but the minute they cease to express the will of the people, their days are numbered.

Learning is a subversive act.

worm, who in the midst of his splendour is crumb-ing into dust

governments are instituted among men

Prudence indeed will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light & transient causes;

that all Men are created equal;

Databases must parse

which hath stirred up the In- dians and Negroes to destroy us

Back in the 1960s and '70s, that debate led to a brand new school design: Small classrooms were out. Wide-open spaces were in. The Open Education movement was born.

independent of male support

“When we were fighting for our independence, lost three million lives, where were they so-called Troika?” he queried, in denial of their contribution to the independence of South Sudan.

There is, indeed, a capacity for long life that is quite independent of health or strength; for many people live long who lack the excellences of the body; but for our present purpose there is no use in going into the details of this.

A man cannot fail to be completely independent if he possesses these internal and these external goods; for besides these there are no others to have.