In retail or e-commerce settings, this is particularly effective as hackers will often change details, including the shipping or email address, associated with the account. By reacting to that type of change and requesting an additional factor, adaptive MFA can better protect a customer’s sensitive data.

Improved blank slate experiences: After a user signs in using a social media account, site owners have the ability to auto-suggest or auto-populate their settings with information held in their social account. This lets organizations create a first impression of convenience and encourage further use of their apps and site.

Smarter user improvements: When users sign in to an app or site using their social network, site owners can analyze data from that platform to establish user preferences. Developers can then use this insight to create customizable user experiences and build features that are in demand.

When users sign in to an app or site

What are the benefits of social login?

Password fatigue is real, and besides the inherent vulnerability of password logins, the idea of remembering yet another password puts users off registering for additional sites.

organization to user relationship

The default user profile is based on the System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Core Schema (opens new window) and has following standard properties

Singular Attributes

Identity Providers can significantly reduce sign-in and registration friction. This allows your users to easily access applications without needing to create passwords or remember usernames.

External Identity Providers

The args object is the only mechanism via which data may be injected into the callback, the callback is not a closure and does not retain access to the JavaScript context in which it was declared. Values passed into args must be serializable.

Turbo is a continuation of the ideas from the previous Turbolinks framework, and the heart of that past approach lives on as Turbo Drive.

It is important that these are not reloadable, because edits would not be reflected in those cached stale objects.

However, depending on your taste, that just might not feel right to you. You might prefer that app/services/users/signup.rb simply defines Services::Users::Signup.

In this example, we still want app/models/shapes/circle.rb to define Circle, not Shapes::Circle. This may be your personal preference to keep things simple, and also avoids refactors in existing code bases. The collapsing feature of Zeitwerk allows us to do that:

This is key for classes and modules that are cached in places that survive reloads, like the Rails framework itself.

Copyright (c) 2019–ω

Autoloading in Rails was based on const_missing up to Rails 5. That callback lacks fundamental information like the nesting or the resolution algorithm being used. Because of that, Rails autoloading was not able to match Ruby's semantics, and that introduced a series of issues. Zeitwerk is based on a different technique and fixed Rails autoloading starting with Rails 6.

superclass mismatches or partially-defined namespaces

may define Foo, instead of reopen it

That may be a broken window

descend

Since require has global side-effects, and there is no static way to verify that you have issued the require calls for code that your file depends on, in practice it is very easy to forget some. That introduces bugs that depend on the load order.

On reload, the namespaces are safe, won't be reloaded. The loader only reloads what it manages, which in this case is the adapter itself.

In Ruby, if you have several files called foo.rb in different directories of $LOAD_PATH and execute require "foo" the first one found gets loaded, and the rest are ignored.

The first example needs a custom inflection rule: loader.inflector.inflect("max_retries" => "MAX_RETRIES") Otherwise, Zeitwerk would expect the file to define MaxRetries.

It would have been fantastic to eschew this ridiculousness, because we all make fun of branded vulnerabilities too, but this was not the right time to make that stand.

With this coordination the race condition is gone.

This test has never failed, but it has a race condition on paper.

TruffleRuby is ahead-of-time compiled to a standalone native executable

Otherwise, M does not respond to works? (NoMethodError) because there was a context switch before the require triggered by autoload returned.

Preventing thread switching itself seems difficult on JVM, and would feel like a hack at best + potential for deadlocks.

If it passed before I would think it was just lucky timings.

I guess we should look at what CRuby does here but the autoload logic in CRuby seems particularly unreadable.

BTW to improve the reliability of that test I believe you would need a sleep (smaller, e.g. of 0.1) between the Thread.new and assert M.works?, otherwise it's likely the M.works? runs first and then the other thread will see the constant is autoloading and wait, and anyway that thread does not check what is defined on M. For the test to fail it needs to be the Thread.new running first and defining the constant but not yet the method, before the main thread keeps running and call the method.

This is a shell script that essentially does the same as the flaky test: #!/bin/sh cat <<EOS > m.rb module M sleep 0.5 def self.works? true end end EOS ruby -I. <<EOS autoload :M, "m" t = Thread.new { M } p M.works? EOS rm m.rb

If another thread encounters a constant it must autoload, this can cause a deadlock.

If this were to occur in a "child" thread, with a waiting parent inside the Executor, it would cause an unavoidable deadlock: the reload must occur before the child thread is executed, but it cannot be safely performed while the parent thread is mid-execution.

The Executor replaces these with a single more abstract interface.

Even Microsoft, a main proponent of this interface, does not conform to the definition.

Shifting the left display down below approximately 50 % of the height extension of the primary monitor (i.e. compromising the physical set-up, but still keeping the secondary display to the left of the primary display) generated a behavior correctly opening windows on the primary display.

Shipping is intended to be 'at cost'

Fog of war terrain system. With the randomised terrain set up, every game is different and forces you to make choices as you uncover your predefined play area and it encourages you to explore every inch of it.  

This is a fully tactile experience. No decks of cards to shuffle, no score tracks, no fiddly cubes, no confusing rules or nuances. Just a fluid set up, play and pack down experience with beautiful components.

In-app custom credentials templates are now supported. When a credentials file does not exist, rails credentials:edit will now try to use lib/templates/rails/credentials/credentials.yml.tt to generate the credentials file, before falling back to the default template. This allows e.g. an open-source Rails app (which would not include encrypted credentials files in its repo) to include a credentials template, so that users who install the app will get a custom pre-filled credentials file when they run rails credentials:edit.

Note that this option is ignored when rails environment is development or test.

ApplicationController.renderer.render inline: "<%= blog_url %>"

The url_for helpers now support a new option called path_params. This is very useful in situations where you only want to add a required param that is part of the route's URL but for other route not append an extraneous query param.

ActiveRecord::Base.serialize no longer uses YAML by default. YAML isn't particularly performant and can lead to security issues if not used carefully. Unfortunately there isn't really any good serializers in Ruby's stdlib to replace it. The obvious choice would be JSON, which is a fine format for this use case, however the JSON serializer in Ruby's stdlib isn't strict enough, as it fallback to casting unknown types to strings, which could lead to corrupted data. Some third party JSON libraries like Oj have a suitable strict mode.

authenticate_by addresses the vulnerability by taking the same amount of time regardless of whether a user with a matching email is found: User.authenticate_by(email: "...", password: "...")

MessagePack is an efficient binary serialization format. It lets you exchange data among multiple languages like JSON but it's faster and smaller.

The result is a toolkit so powerful that it allows a single individual to create modern applications upon which they can build a competitive business. The way it used to be.

ActiveRecord::Base.normalizes declares an attribute normalization. The normalization is applied when the attribute is assigned or updated, and the normalized value will be persisted to the database. The normalization is also applied to the corresponding keyword argument of query methods, allowing records to be queried using unnormalized values.

Moves the modules in lib/ to app/models and lib/integrations to app/integrations.

Eager-merging since this is a bug on prod. Happy to rework this solution as needed if another approach is preferable.

Some possible aims (also not exhaustive): We agree what code is a 'service' and what is not We agree on the interface we expect for our services We agree on the naming convention we use for services

Non-aims (but may happen anyway):

We decide on app/lib v. lib/ once and for all

As our app grows, an increasing amount of random code is landing in the app/services directory. I'm worried it will become impractical to improve on this, as the number of special cases will only increase. Some pain points off the top of my head (definitely not exhaustive):

when I was CTO of a company and someone joined, the first thing they had to do was to spend two weeks reading AWDwR from cover to cover. Once you know the framework, there is no magic, only defaults that act as a catalizer and let you fly.

One more example of a simple approach to this that might help a lot too is add a PORO generator. It could be incredibly basic - rails g poro MyClass yields class MyClass end But by doing that and landing the file in the app/models directory, it would make it clear that was the intended location instead of lib.

yeah - it is basically half the stuff you don't want autoloaded and half app/lib but it is not called app/lib because DHH does not want app/lib"

The subdirectories in app have a name that describes their contents, but app/lib means nothing. So, app/models and app/lib are at different level of abstraction, and that feels wrong to me.

It is also worth noting that lib/tasks typically has application-specific tasks, thus not fitting into the condition for lib. Which makes me question the criteria for lib

I think the real question then becomes: Where do Ruby classes, who I can't find a meaningful folder in app

I stand by what I said and I do not believe it is off-topic. Nevertheless, I realize it is your forum and if you want to silence and exclude people because something we say does not fit in your worldview, then I am certainly willing to accept this and remove myself from the forum. In the big picture, I will not be shut up or bullied and I think you owe me an apology as nothing I have said or done warrants your actions.

Going by the intended purpose of lib/ ("pending extraction"), I think lib/assets should remain (as those are assets pending extraction).

lib/ is intended to be for non-app specific library code that just happens to live in the app for now (usually pending extraction into open source or whatever).

And if it's app specific, for some reason, then app/models is fine. I don't think the trade-off here is worth it

Stuff like a generic PhoneNumberFormatter is exactly what lib/ is intended for.

The criteria for code in lib is what @dhh said above: non-app specific library code that just happens to live in the app for now (usually pending extraction into open source or whatever)

But I do question why lib and not something in app is the common suggestion for classes/modules who do not fall into the default set of folders (models, controllers, jobs, etc). Is it just because it's what we've been doing for so long? To me feels like we're trying to shoehorn the lib folder into further being a kitchen sink (now holding rake tasks and miscellaneous classes), rather than just saying "your Ruby classes/modules go somewhere in app because they're application code".

If application code lives in app, then doesn't that imply that things in lib (such as PhoneNumberFormatter) are not application code? I think that's one of the reasons why your recommendation of app/lib felt right to me -- my classes feel like they belong in app somewhere.

Yeah, I agree that lib (or app/lib

(BTW, the app/models directory is there to organize the model layer. The model layer is greater than the persisted models.)

So then they put it into lib only to find that they have to manually require it. Then later realize that this also means they now have to reboot their server any time they change the file (after a painfully long debugging time of "why what aren't my changes working?", because their lib folder classes are now second-class citizens). Then they go down the rabbit hole of adding lib to the autoload paths, which burns them because rake tasks then all get eager loaded in production. Then they inevitably realize anything inside app is autoloaded and make an app/lib per Xavier's advice.

The real fundamental problem is that lib is a kitchen sink

I think the symmetry of the naming between lib and app/lib will lead a fresh Rails developer to seek out the answer to “Why are there two lib directories?", and they will become illuminated. And it will prevent them from seeking the answer to “How do I autoload lib?” which will start them on a rough path that leads to me advising them to undo it.

Everything has a place so do better and find it. There is a certain belief that everything within app should be organized into functionally-named directories and any files placed in app/lib actually belongs in app/services or app/interactors or app/models or someplace if the developers just tried harder. The implication is that developers are bad developers if they don’t yet know what kind of constant they have and where its forever home should be. I reject this. Over the lifespan of an application, there will be constants that have not yet found their functional kin, if those kin ever come to exist at all; sometimes you simply need some code and a place to put it. app/lib can be the convention for where those constants can live temporarily or as long as necessary. Autoloading is really nice, let’s treat them to it.

It is confusing that app/lib is named similarly to lib . I agree, but it is not uncommon to have directories with the same name and similar function nested under different contexts. I believe developers can handle this complexity. Most similarly, Linux has lib and usr/lib . Within a new Rails app, there are many such directories that are manageable: app/assets and lib/assets (sometimes even vendor/assets too) app/javascript and vendor/javascript storage and tmp/storage config and app/assets/config app/controllers and app/javascript/controllers

Please note that you should also ignore subdirectories that are not meant to be namespaces. For example: Rails.autoloaders.main.ignore('lib/tasks', 'lib/assets') Otherwise, Zeitwerk would define a Tasks constant, but that is not your intention (and could potentially conflict with a genuine Tasks constant).

Another alternative that would feel a lot better would be app/my_app in the same way I do lib/my_app, and then app/my_app/my_file.rb would define MyApp::MyFile, like normal. That would be fine, preferable, even. But how do I tell Zeitwerk that?

I'm assuming some of the goals are to make it clear where to put new files (and to stay within current Rails conventions). We already have a few non-standard app folders in our project, such as app/services, app/queries, etc. and we put some non-ActiveRecord classes in app/models. If we are going to move files, it might make sense to first define where files should go, and then move each file to the appropriate place. This might be more of a reorganization project, than copying over a folder.

pp Rails.autoloaders.main.dirs

In API design, exceptional use cases may justify exceptional support. You design for the common case, and let the edge case be edge. In this case, I believe lib deserves ad-hoc API that allows users to do exactly that in one shot:

People want to autoload from lib, which is understandable. If we can, this use case should have first-class support from the framework.

lib is meant for things that are kind of tangential to the application core. What's in there feels better located in lib than under app, for me.

The OAuth Proxy, which intercepts all requests to the APIs and translates cookies to tokens.

Besides the security concerns related to potential XSS vulnerabilities, keeping the token in memory has a big downside regarding user experience as the token gets dropped on page reloads. The application must then obtain a new token, which may trigger a new user authentication. A secure design should take user experience into account.

@tmoschou You can find the source for Apple's pkill on opensource.apple.com/source. It's together with other utilities in the collection adv_cmds. Maybe you can spot the bug.

But rather than do all that work to identify the running pod, why not run the backup using the deployment? (That's what I've always done) kubectl exec deployments/gitlab --namespace gitlab -- gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create

How to set up and validate locally Access content editor in wikis or in issues behind a feature flag :content_editor_on_issues. Copy some text from Google docs or any rich text document Press Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + V to paste raw text.

I think we are a victim of behavioural norms and so many of the apps that I use have this pattern. That's not to say it's the right behaviour, but it may be hard to break the pattern for users.

It was an intentional decision to make the items in the dropdown of content editor span two lines instead of one. The reason being that sometimes the text can get too long and the dropdown spans the entire width of page which isn't ideal. Also, a slimmer dropdown looks better on mobile devices.

Implement restrictive defaults (potentially allowing an explicit bypass) I understand that easy usability and rich out-of-the-box functionality is likely essential to this library's appeal to its users. Nevertheless I'd like to propose making the authorization properties ransackable_[attributes/associations/etc.] empty sets by default, forcing the developer to explicitly define whitelists for their use case. To soften the usability blow, a new ransack_unsafe(params[:q]) or ransack_explicit(params[:q], ransackable_attributes='*', ransackable_associations=(:post, :comment)) method could be introduced to offer developers a shorthand to bypass or override the whitelists for specific queries (after they've had to read a warning about why these methods can be dangerous).

The thing is I'm finding trouble to dedicate to Ransack lately, so I can't really commit to any date.

Postbox is Thunderbird for Mac.6ShareReportSavelevel 2TheRealKenJeong · 2 yr. agoThis is a good app. It started off as a reskinned Thunderbird client but has branched off somewhat. It's different enough at this point that it no longer supports plug-ins, but over t ime, it's assumed most functionality of the more popular plug-ins anyway.

Please contact Google for support on Gmail. This really isn't an action that has anything to do with your Mac. You can access all of your mail online in a web browser. What you would like to do isn't an action of the Mail app which is simply a client but would be managed by the ISP, in your case Google.

“Drivers should not have the option to decide for themselves when they think it’s safe,” said Langerman, 26. “People are busy. People are distracted.”

I can't count the number of times I have wiped out something I was typing because I thumbed up but was already at the top.

Google Chrome for Android no longer has an option to disable “Pull to Refresh”. For people who don’t really like using this feature, this is pretty annoying. There was a way to disable this using a flag, but version 75 removed this flag too.

The nice point of Kiwi is that it supports Chrome extensions, this is why I am trying it. Browser extensions are something which I believe should be rather more widespread in Android by now.

FIREFOX has a regular setting to disable it. Better mobile browser in many ways!

I was filling and completing a report on a website, uploaded an attachment just wanted to fill up some remaining inputs on final step, while scrolling down the whole page refreshed!.. hours of work and composition was gone instantly, extremely frustrating!

I stoped using chrome android for purchases, due to the refresh occuring while scrolling up. Poor design choice

helper.singleton_class.include Rails.application.routes.url_helpers

answered

ArgumentError: arguments passed to url_for can't be handled. Please require routes or provide your own implementation

An identifier embodies the information required to distinguish what is being identified from all other things within its scope of identification. Our use of the terms "identify" and "identifying" refer to this purpose of distinguishing one resource from all other resources, regardless of how that purpose is accomplished (e.g., by name, address, or context).

For more details, see RFC 6570.

usage is also, however, a concern for the prescriptive tradition, for which "correctness" is a matter of arbitrating style

In the descriptive tradition of language analysis, by way of contrast, "correct" tends to mean functionally adequate for the purposes of the speaker or writer using it, and adequately idiomatic to be accepted by the listener or reader

Usage seems to us peculiarly a matter of ear. Everyone has his own set of rules, his own list of horribles.

"Usage is trendy, arbitrary, and above all, constantly changing, like all other fashions--in clothing, music, or automobiles. Grammar is the rationale of a language; usage is the etiquette."​ 

But when they ask, 'Does spelling count?' we tell them that in writing, as in life, everything counts. For academic writers, as for writers in a wide variety of fields (business, journalism, education, etc.), correctness in both content and expression is vital.

although we do point out the mistakes.

What interests us far more is that these apprentice writers have interesting ideas to convey, and manage to support their arguments well.

New words, and new senses and uses of words, are not sanctioned or rejected by the authority of any single body: they arise through regular use and, once established, are recorded in dictionaries and grammars.

In this book, grammar refers to the manner in which the language functions, the ways that the blocks of speech and writing are put together. Usage refers to using specific words in a manner that will be thought of as either acceptable or unacceptable. The question of whether or not to split an infinitive is a consideration of grammar; the question of whether one should use literally in a nonliteral sense is one of usage."

Rules of proper usage are tacit conventions. Conventions are unstated agreements within a community to abide by a single way of doing things--not because there is any inherent advantage to the choice, but because there is an advantage to everyone making the same choice. Standardized weights and measures, electrical voltages and cables, computer file formats, the Gregorian calendar, and paper currency are familiar examples.

after they log out

after they logout

Installation took about an hour following these directions -[...]

Browsers can of course choose to ignore this. Again, CORS protects your client - not you.

There is no place for luck in this game. This is all about strategy.

Not much to say except I'm really annoyed by the critics sometimes. This movie is solid. Has a vintage old-time feel to it. Well acted. Deals with the problems of the times (racism, bullying, war, alcoholism, death) in a dramatic, humorous and clever way.Great story. Whole family loved it. They dealt with faith in a reasonable way. They pulled heartstrings without being saccharine. The critics are just so dead-set on hating any movie that deals with faith, especially the Christian faith.

The term "Hobson's choice" is often used to mean an illusion of choice, but it is not a choice between two equivalent options, which is a Morton's fork, nor is it a choice between two undesirable options, which is a dilemma. Hobson's choice is one between something or nothing.

A Hobson's choice is different from:

User impersonation workflow

So, here is what the German zwar does:zwar sets up a but.

seeking to exonerate people who participated in the Jan. 6, 2021, siege of the U.S. Capitol as civic-minded people who were being politically persecuted

You also have an editable display name. As I do with all social media, I went with my full name.

Instead of centralized services, which, Dorsey now regrets creating with Twitter, it's distributed so that anyone can build an interface to display the data and activity flowing underneath. It's also designed so that your identity and information is easily transferable to any other platform that supports the protocol (Authenticated Transfer Protocol).

options.delete(:expires_in) { ActiveStorage.urls_expire_in }

When a language presumes to know more than its user, that's when there's trouble.

Just because a language has a feature that might be dangerous doesn't mean it's inherently a bad thing. When a language presumes to know more than its user, that's when there's trouble.

I'd argue that when you find a programming language devoid of danger, you've found one that's not very useful.

The reason eval is there is because when you need it, when you really need it, there are no substitutes. There's only so much you can do with creative method dispatching, after all, and at some point you need to execute arbitrary code.

When is eval justified? In pragmatic terms, when you say it is. If it's your program and you're the programmer, you set the parameters.

transitive verb

The main usage difference is that dependency can be used in a second sense as a "concrete" noun to mean a person or thing which depends on something/someone else. But note that in the programming context it's not uncommon to see it used to mean a software resource upon which some piece of software depends (i.e. - reversing the need/provide relationship).

as a native speaker I'd probably tend to refer to his drug dependency, but his dependence on drugs (maybe because I see one as a problem he has, and the other as something he's doing, I don't know).

And as others have pointed out, there is potential for ambiguity: if A is dependent on B, then a dependence or dependency (relationship) exists; but referring to either A or B as the dependency demands context.

I think that "dependency" is usually the thing that you depend on, whereas dependence is the state of depending on it. But there are certainly cases where you could use either interchangeably.

If you want the easy way out (which looks like the way majority usage is going anyway), you can probably get away with using dependency all the time.

Dependence and dependency can both be used in the state/condition of being dependent sense.

There are certainly cases where you can use dependency and cannot use dependence: for example "The UK's overseas dependencies", or "This software releases has dependencies on Unix and Java". So if the dependent things are discrete and countable, it should definitely be "dependency".

I think "dependence" and "dependency" are like "competence" and "competency". Both are nouns. Yet, "dependence" emphasizes the quality of being dependent. So, it may also be abstract. Whereas, "dependency" focuses on the state of being dependent. It is likely to be concrete.

I don't understand the distinction between quality and state.

Just remember that “dependence” is the quality and “dependency” is the state of having to rely on someone or something else.