1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances was adopted by consensus at a conference in Vienna in 1988. The Convention aimed to provide more effective weapons against the illicit drug trade, which had become a growing concern due to the influence of organized crime groups. The Convention is an instrument of international criminal law, designed to globally harmonize national criminal laws and enforcement actions to decrease illicit drug trafficking by criminalization and punishment.

1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances expanded the scope of international drug control to include synthetic drugs

1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs marked a shift in the international community's approach to drug control, moving beyond simply regulating the production and trade of drugs to focus on individual drug users.

the outbreak of World War II and the subsequent transfer of the League's drug control bodies to the United States marked a shift in the balance of power, paving the way for the United States to play a crucial role in shaping the emerging post-war world order, including international drug control.

1990s and 2000s saw a shift towards a more nuanced approach to drug control, with a greater emphasis on harm reduction and public health.

1980s, the international community continued to grapple with the issue of drug abuse and trafficking, leading to the formulation of the International Drug Abuse Control Strategy and the development of new treaties and soft law instruments.

reflected the influence of Western manufacturing countries, which sought to protect their commercial interests. The 1972 Amending Protocol to the Single Convention strengthened the international drug control system, but maintained its prohibitive ethos and supply-side focus. The Protocol expanded provisions for treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention measures, but did not fundamentally change the Single Convention.

focused on regulating the licit trade, which inevitably led to the development of an illegal market.

1936 Trafficking Convention sought to strengthen the existing transnational legal framework, but its complexity and encroachment upon legal areas considered sovereign by many states meant it failed to win widespread acceptance.

1931 Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs introduced a proscriptive manufacturing limitation system, where parties were required to provide estimates of national drug requirements to the Drug Supervisory Body (DSB).

1925 International Opium Convention established a standardized import-export certification system to regulate drug movements between parties and included cannabis within a multilateral treaty for the first time.

international drug control system began in 1909 with the Shanghai Opium Commission, which aimed to address the "opium problem." The commission's recommendations led to the first legally binding multilateral treaty in 1912, which restricted opium use to medical purposes.

The Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) focused on punishing users in the informal market, while largely ignoring the medical market. This led to a misreading of the situation, where authorities attributed the success of the medical market to the "good customers" rather than the more humane and effective policies. As a result, the medical market remained relatively invisible, and its lessons were not applied to future drug policy.

nhance the stigma of addiction and preserve his bureau's budget.

rise of heroin use

addiction as a moral failing rather than a disease. The law also led to the criminalization of drug use, with many people being arrested and imprisoned for drug-related offenses. The punitive approach to drug control was driven by a native-born Protestant desire to police and control non-white communities, and it was accompanied by public demonization of drug users and sellers.

African Americans in the South,

new drug crises were already brewing in both licit and illicit markets by the 1950s.

divide was fueled by anxieties about race, class, and sexuality,

esponse to the public health consequences of rising opioid and cocaine use in the late 19th century.

The Act was intended to gather information

Webb-Kenyon Act, which prohibited shipments of liquor to states that prohibited its sale. The prohibition movement gained strength, and in 1917, the House passed a Prohibition resolution, which eventually became part of the Constitution.

The public and congressmen believed that narcotics, including opiates and cocaine, had no value except as medicine and were associated with foreigners or alien subgroups.

n the early 20th century, the medical profession had a high rate of addiction, with around 2% of physicians being addicts.

practical significance of the law was still debated among the groups affected, and there was no general agreement on what would be the desirable or actual enforcement of the law.

The law was the result of international pressure, particularly from the Hague Convention, and was seen as a way to redeem the American government's international pledges.

law required records to be kept of all narcotics transactions, and copies of these records were to be kept by district internal revenue offices.

The AMA favored restrictive legislation, but also wanted to ensure that any bill had a maximum chance of passage. After several revisions, the Harrison Act was finally passed in December 1914.

Executive Committee to monitor the status of the legislation and make revisions.

he American Pharmaceutical Association called for a National Drug Trade Conference (NDTC) to bring together representatives from various trade associations to discuss the proposed legislation.

worked with Representative Francis Burton Harrison, a Democrat, to introduce a bill that would eliminate the use of narcotics except for medical purposes.

912, Hamilton Wright returned to the United States with the goal of increasing support for the International Opium Convention and ensuring the passage of domestic legislation to control narcotics.

The Hague Opium Convention was an international conference held in 1911-1912, where 12 nations gathered to discuss the regulation of opium and other drugs.

Dr. Wright believed that the Shanghai meeting gave the United States a moral obligation to appear with a clean slate before asking other nations to enact drastic legislation.

The resolutions included calls for the gradual suppression of opium smoking, the reexamination of national laws, and the control of morphine and other opium derivatives. The commission also recommended that nations not export opium to countries whose laws prohibit its importation. The meeting was significant because it marked the beginning of an American tradition in narcotic control, which emphasized the enactment of strict domestic legislation as an example to other nations.

he Shanghai Opium Commission was a meeting of 13 nations, including the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, that convened on February 1, 1909, to discuss the opium problem.

Dr. Wright launched a national survey to collect information on the use of opium and its derivatives in the United States, and the State Department requested federal anti-narcotic legislation before the Shanghai meeting. This led to the passage of the first federal antinarcotic legislation in 1909, which banned the importation of smoking opium.

in the United States, there was growing concern about the opium trade and its impact on China.

The US government faced opposition from anti-opium groups,

The US acquired the Philippines in 1898, following the Spanish-American War, and with it, an opium problem.

whole of the planet

The seeming luxury of having multiple words to choose from is not sufficient to offset the lingering fear that no matter which word you pick it will be the wrong one, causing people to silently laugh at you and judge both you and your grammar school teachers

Disable all observers in your test suite by default. They should not be complicating your model tests because they should have separate concerns anyway. You don't need to unit test that observers actually fire, because ActiveRecord's test suite does that, and your integration tests will cover it.

hash digest returns an alphanumeric message which is the digest. that is incorrect, this alphanumeric message is a representation of the digest. The digest itself is a string of bits with a fixed length

I'm a company

I'm a developer

I've explored these projects: Reform Mutations Interactor dry-rb

Such gems like Memoist override methods. So, if you want to memoize a method in a child class with the same named memoized method in a parent class — you have to use something like awkward identifier: argument. This gem allows you to just memoize methods when you want to.

it's about concentration prioritization and drifting away and doing something different

what is the most brain friendly working environment in our digital in our digital working area and interestingly there are as I've shown you before there are different aspects of our way of thinking I mean we are not thinking the same way throughout the day um there are phases at the day

I'd agree that much of the time 'not prefer' is a perfectly adequate way of conveying the same sense as 'disprefer' (just as 'not agree' will for most purposes convey the same sense as 'disagree', and 'not like' the same sense as 'dislike'). However, they aren't strictly equivalent; I might neither prefer nor disprefer Coke to Pepsi, but rather be neutral between them. Possibly the purpose for which 'disprefer' is most useful is cancelling implications – 'I don't prefer it – though I don't disprefer it either'.

I think you linguists worry too much. It's a simple enough formation using a very common prefix, and while it is not clear whether "I disprefer" means "I do not prefer" or "I prefer something other than" or "I prefer the opposite of" or "I stop preferring", either it'll settle down to one meaning or it'll carry a range. So what? This is the first time I've heard the word but I don't find it particularly puzzling.

The problem with "object to" as an alternative to "disprefer" is it doesn't mean the same thing. And in the specific example, there's no evidence that people who commonly choose one word/phrase/construction over another object to the word/phrase/construction not chosen, so "object to" doesn't work.

There's so many different worlds So many different suns 00:02:58 And we have just one world But we live in different ones

reproduction is not to produce the same it it's not about producing another Perry or another r or another Dennis 00:38:39 it's actually to produce another organism that is adapting and adaptable

Perplexity is a tool that you use, not an AI you talk to.

strictly limited to a specified thing, place, or idea the city proper

It's definition 6 from Merriam-Webster: 6 : strictly limited to a specified thing, place, or idea

The mortgage document which secures the promissory note by giving the lender an interest in the property and the right to take and sell the property—that is, foreclose—if the mortgage payments aren't made.

My process is very simple. They are way more technical than me. I start off by entering everything into Word

It’s a shift in mindset where the question changes from "were we busy doing the tasks?" to "did we move the needle for our organization to thrive?"

On account of

In honor of, or in the name of

In the best interests of

Acting as a representative of or substitute for (someone or a group)

in the sense of for the benefit of

in the sense of as a representative of

Most browsers do give focus to a button being clicked, but Safari does not, by design.

Different kinds of neighbourhoods

This dissatisfaction with the dominant role of the state, or similar dissatisfaction by what others consider the failing market-based neoliberal order, may now go into different directions

(A) Strategy used to identify genes withaltered 3D chromatin organization as aresult of species-specific rearrangements.

What if, early in the morning on Election Day in 2016, Mark Zuckerberg had used Facebook to broadcast “go-out-and-vote” reminders just to supporters of Hillary Clinton? Extrapolating from Facebook’s own published data, that might have given Mrs. Clinton a boost of 450,000 votes or more, with no one but Mr. Zuckerberg and a few cronies knowing about the manipulation.

I find the use of the term “session” within integration tests a bit unfortunate (open_session, etc), since there are also these session objects, which are however different. Maybe replace by “user_session” ?

The term data model can refer to two distinct but closely related concepts

If we hand most, if not all responsibility for that exploration to the relatively small number of people who talk at conferences, or have popular blogs, or who tweet a lot, or who maintain these very popular projects and frameworks, then that’s only a very limited perspective compared to the enormous size of the Ruby community.

The pupil who enters one school system from another is a case in point. Such a pupil nearly always suffers a loss of time. The indefensible custom is to grade the newcomer down a little, because, forsooth, the textbooks he has studied may have differed somewhat from those he is about to take up, or because the school system from which he comes may be looked upon as inferior. Teachers are too often suspicious of all other educational methods besides their own. The present treatment accorded such children, which so often does them injustice and injury, should be replaced by an intelligence test. The hour of time required for the test is a small matter in comparison with the loss of a school term by the pupils.

For those who wish to conceal their location from Google, keep in mind that you use Google services under license agreement. That’s a contract. Google is within their legal rights to know under which country’s laws that agreement is being made. Google is liable for honoring each country’s laws.

When you call 'foo' in Ruby, what you're actually doing is sending a message to its owner: "please call your method 'foo'". You just can't get a direct hold on functions in Ruby in the way you can in Python; they're slippery and elusive. You can only see them as though shadows on a cave wall; you can only reference them through strings/symbols that happen to be their name. Try and think of every method call 'object.foo(args)' you do in Ruby as the equivalent of this in Python: 'object.getattribute('foo')(args)'.

agree on which content to exchange

In the guide below, you may see different terms referring to the same thing.

They are 100% identical; just different names. From podman-build: “Builds an image using instructions from one or more Containerfiles or Dockerfiles and a specified build context directory. A Containerfile uses the same syntax as a Dockerfile internally. For this document, a file referred to as a Containerfile can be a file named either ‘Containerfile’ or ‘Dockerfile’.”

But these two questions are interwoven (and you’ll find many answers to the wrong question in the Answers section).

I think your issue is a bug (it's different from this issue which is a feature request about the split command). I opened this issue you may want to follow: #560

Warning: The client should not repeat this request without modification.

unevaluatedProperties is similar to additionalProperties in that it has a single subschema, and it applies that subschema to instance properties that are not a member of some set.

Multiple different people have been discussing multiple different problems, and asking for examples of the other problems, talking past each other and generally this thread got to an unreadable point due to this confusion.

Because rbspy is a sampling profiler (not a tracing profiler), it actually can't tell you how times a function was called -- it just reports "hey, I observed your program 100,000 times, and 98,000 of those times it was in the calculate_thing function". ruby-prof is a tracing profiler for Ruby, which can tell you exactly how many times each function was called at the cost of being higher overhead.

Taking carbon steel as an example, as shown in Picture 1, using a 1000w fiber laser cutting machine, for carbon steel materials thickness below 10mm, when the thickness of carbon steel is less than 2mm, the cutting speed per minute can be up to 8 meters. When the thickness is 6mm, the cutting speed is about 1.6 meters per minute, and when the thickness of the carbon steel is 10 mm, the cutting speed is about 0.6 to 0.7 meters per minute.

The definitions provided are tremendously valuable to figure out the very similar but different two paradigms.

Epics, issues, requirements, and others all have similar but just subtle enough differences in common interactions that the user needs to hold a complicated mental model of how they each behave.

Interestingly, Rails doesn't see this in their test suite because they set this value during setup:

All seem focused on rendering the 404 page manually. However, I wanted to make rescue_from work. My solution is the catch-all route and raising the exception manually.

We overload the meaning of "GFM" to mean "GitLab Flavored Markdown", which is a superset of GitHub's version. However it can cause confusion as they are not the same thing.

lthough the individual organisms may do things that keep their bodies slightly below or above the environmental temperature. This can include burrowing underground on a hot day or resting in the sunlight on a cold day.

Please keep in mind that your definition of “unsolicited” or “unwanted” mail may differ from your email recipients’ perception. Exercise judgment when sending email to a large number of recipients, even if the recipients elected to receive emails from you in the past.

Coming from a functional programming background, I feel there is a profound distinction between function and method. Mainly methods have side effects, and that functions should be pure thus giving a rather nice property of referential transparency

I agree it might be nice if "function" and "method" meant what you wanted them to, but your definitions do not reflect some very common uses of those terms.

Point being (again), definitions seem to differ, and what you call "full stack" is what I call "batteries-included framework". Full stack simply means (for me) that it gives you a way of building frontend and backend code, but implies nothing about what functionality is included in either part.

But it is kind of verbose, and it’s also a lot slower, so I can understand why the model test might be preferred.

You're right, this discussion is starting to go off on a tangent.

Honestly, I think the current discussion has nothing to do with my original issue anymore.

In principle, one can type these directly but you'd have to know the Unicode code points

The classic SPA example is a to-do list. But, you know what? I don't like to-do lists. They make me think about all the things I have to do, many of which I don't want to do.So why don't we make a To-Don't List app? That way we can list all the things we're not going to do. Ever.

Why not just prettier-ignore? Because I want to keep Prettier here. Still format my code. But just with another config. This already works with prettierrc > overrides. But this proposal is for a better usability and flexibility.

When writing about programming, I prefer to use 'annotation' as the general term. Although .NET was first, the word 'attribute' is just too widely used for different things.

Someone could mean to say different thing by each of them, but there's hardly any common agreement.

By looking at the code screenshot, you are either opening your mouth in awe or in appall. I feel there is no in-between here.

I completely understand that master have two meanings: A man who has people working for him, especially servants or slaves; and An original recording, film, or document from which copies can be made.

I think it's just a bad English/mis-translation problem. I'm guessing @pmmmwh assumed 'master' meant like 主 in 奴隸主 (slave owner/master). Actually a better translation would be 師 like 功夫大師 (Kung Fu master). The specimen copies are made from.

The specimen copies are made from.

Hey, I'm a PhD in [field] and do [whatever] professionally. Before calling you, I've narrowed down the problem to [something on their end], so that's what needs to be addressed. If I could speak to an engineer about [specific problem], that'd be great; but if we've gotta walk through the script, let's just knock it out quickly. If they end up requiring the script, then the best way to use your expertise is to run through it quickly. Keep the chit-chat to a minimum and just do the stuff efficiently. If they start describing how to perform some step, you might interrupt them with, "Got it, just a sec.", then let them know once you're ready for the next step.

So what can you do to demonstrate your technical knowledge? Well, you are doing the right thing by using the correct technical terms. That will give an indication to the person handling the ticket. Explicitly explaining your role as the administrator or developer should also help.

From experience I can say that professionals will be more forgiving if you go through things at a basic level than amateurs who have no idea what you're talking about, so people will probably err on the side of caution and not assume the customer has a high level of expertise.

I want to avoid nginx overhead (especially if they have tons of alias and rewrites) for in-server communication. Basically, you can have sveltekit server, backend server and nginx server, in that case, communicate inside your internal network will be very expensive like: browser->nginx server(10.0.0.1)->sveltekit server(10.0.0.3)->nginx server(10.0.0.1)->backend server(10.0.0.2) instead just: browser->nginx server(10.0.0.1)->sveltekit server(10.0.0.3)->backend server(10.0.0.2)

[gripe]Email is supposed to be a text-only medium. I can concede a need for rich text - the occasional bold or italic - but background pictures are just needless bloat.[/gripe]

You may have noticed your emails looking a little cramped in Hotmail and Outlook.com recently. The culprit? Discontinuation of support for the margin property in these email clients. Rather than honoring your carefully spaced paragraphs and images, Hotmail and Outlook.com are now completely stripping margin from paragraph tags, leaving default values (0 for the top, right and left; 1.35em for the bottom, to be exact) in their place.

Yeah, as many developers will tell you, designing/coding for email is an incredibly hit-or-miss proposition...this is simply one more thing that may work in some email clients. The only consistent behavior in HTML/CSS emails is that nothing is consistent. :-)

I'm coding an email for a project and man! it's such a pain. Every other client has it's own implementation and supported rules. Some don't allow even simple properties like background-image while some support most advanced rules like media queries

Why are there so many programming languages and frameworks? Everyone has their own opinion on how something should be done. Some of these systems, like AOL, Yahoo, etc... have been around for a decade, and probably not updated much.

That's something that has been bugging me too. I mean, it's fine if not everything is supported, but if everyone could agree on what is or should be supported then that would make a huge difference. But until then, it's going to be a struggle.

I've worked with people at companies where this was their only responsibility. Setting up emails for clients, making sure they pass a battery of tests and look great in all browsers and clients. It's an incredible PITA and it's not a set it and forget it thing. Clients can change month to month; spam filters change, etc...

There is a lot of variation in styling support among different mail clients

(And please, no "use a different email design service" answers, I don't have control over that)

Game Saves After completion of each level

That's true although it depends on intentions. My approach is to always create a unique and timestamped log file. The other is to append. Both ways are 'logrotateable'. I prefer separate files which require less parsing but as I said, whatever makes your boat floating :)

Certainly, if for some reason Python doesn't suit you either you can install, let us say, PHP language. Well, I think you realize that the searching of suitable solution can go on for a long time and may be only MS Visual Basic will be lacking in the list of results. So, I believe the time has already approached to put it all aside and come to to the Point.

But in all this incongruous abundance you'll certanly find the links to expect It's just what is wanted: the tool, which is traditionally used to communicate automatically with interactive programs. And as it always occurs, there is unfortunately a little fault in it: expect needs the programming language TCL to be present. Nevertheless if it doesn't discourage you to install and learn one more, though very powerful language, then you can stop your search, because expect and TCL with or without TK have everything and even more for you to write scripts.

#2 Non-real-time variant - What about groups who don't like that real-time part of the game? We really think that is the best way to play, but we realize it isn't a fun or even possible option for everyone. We're including an alternative rule that removes all the speed elements and is still fun (in a different way).

perl -ne 'chomp(); if (-e $_) {print "$_\n"}'

xargs -i sh -c 'test -f {} && echo {}'

2 out of 3 people in my household do not find it easy to understand. Maybe that is is not representative, but keep in mind that something you yourself understand (or in this case think you understand) always seems easy.

if Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.1.0')

“It is less clear that way” — that is just arbitrary, even uninformed. There is nothing clearer about def self.method. As demonstrated earlier, once you grasp the true meaning of it, def self.method is actually more vague as it mixes scopes

I strongly prefer this over Carcassonne. It plays faster (I don't want a tile laying game to go for more than 30 mins or so) and I happen to like the limited options. Carcassonne just gets on my nerves because I just don't view selecting between so many placement options to be that interesting. Obviously, YMMV. Ditto the previous statement, it's different than Carcassonne. And that's why I like it.

While there are certain things most users will anticipate with any interface, there may be expected affordances that are unique to your users and the cohort they represent

I respectfully disagree with your assessment. You are referencing the quote "It's not appropriate to use the aside element just for parentheticals, since those are part of the main flow of the document." However the OP specifically said that they are looking for a semantic element for "a note that may be useful to read at a given point of a tutorial, but is not part of the main tutorial flow". That is what "aside" is for. It's not part of the main content flow.

a remark or passage that departs from the theme of a discourse : digression The speaker inserted some often amusing parentheses during his speech.

an amplifying (see amplify sense 1) or explanatory word, phrase, or sentence inserted in a passage from which it is usually set off by punctuation explained further in a parenthesis

one or both of the curved marks ( )

It is also the first game I've seen whose icon for "mute" is not a crossed-out speaker/note, but a symbol for "pause" in musical notation...

I would be really proud to show it off it was "my baby", but as a player, it's incredibly boring.

I must say I am quite surprised by so many negative reviews. To me this little game is pure genius. There's something about it you just can't put your finger on... something strange, hard to define. The premise is utterly simple - roll left or right - but the game keeps adding new possibilities every level. And it doesn't make a fuzz about it. "Here's something completely new, it's there, who cares". The mechanics and physics are spot on and the game explores them brilliantly. Visually it's beautiful and the characters you interact with are strange and fascinating. A feeling of novelty and discovery permeates the game from start to finish.Here's my suggestion: watch some videos of the gameplay and see if it bothers you. If not, go for it, for you've barely seen the tip of the iceberg.

Yeah, I probably think of using foam before anyone else does.

# unauthenticated do # as :user do # root to: 'devise/registrations#new' # end # end

# authenticated :user, lambda {|u| u.role == "admin"} do # root to: "admin/dashboard#show", as: :user_root # end

class LoggedInConstraint def self.matches?(request) request.env['warden'].authenticate? end end

class AuthConstraint def initialize(&block) @block = block || ->(_) { true } end def matches?(req) user = current_user(req) user.present? && @block.call(user) end def current_user(req) User.find_by_id(session[:user_id]) end end This is a flexible approach to defining route access based on any desired variable (roles, auth, etc...)

authenticated :user do root 'calendars#index', as: :authenticated_root end unauthenticated :user do root 'pages#home', as: :unauthenticated_root end

ProMotion is a RubyMotion gem that makes iOS development more like Ruby and less like Objective-C.

This is gonna be an uphill slog and I'm really excited for it. If you know that's what you're getting into (a long slow grind on puzzles that may not fit well together), this could be great - especially if you're invested in both the work and the community (posting on here helps loads with games like this!) Your mileage may vary!