Lexical (semiotics) or content word, words referring to things, as opposed to having only grammatical meaning

Not to be confused with tree (graph theory), a specific type of mathematical object.

Not to be confused with trie, a specific type of tree data structure. Not to be confused with tree (graph theory), a specific type of mathematical object.

Some types exist as descriptions of objects, but not as tangible physical objects. One can show someone a particular bicycle, but cannot show someone, explicitly, the type "bicycle", as in "the bicycle is popular."

Property types (e.g. "height in metres" or "thorny") are often understood ontologically as concepts. Property instances (e.g. height = 1.74) are sometimes understood as measured values, and sometimes understood as sensations or observations of reality.

The words type, concept, property, quality, feature and attribute (all used in describing things) tend to be used with different verbs. E.g. Suppose a rose bush is defined as a plant that is "thorny", "flowering" and "bushy". You might say a rose bush instantiates these three types, or embodies these three concepts, or exhibits these three properties, or possesses these three qualities, features or attributes.

The distinction in computer programming between classes and objects is related, though in this context, "class" sometimes refers to a set of objects (with class-level attribute or operations) rather than a description of an object in the set, as "type" would.

The distinction is important in disciplines such as logic, linguistics, metalogic, typography, and computer programming.

The sentence "they drive the same car" is ambiguous. Do they drive the same type of car (the same model) or the same instance of a car type (a single vehicle)?

In the simple biology example, dog is a hypernym and Fido is one of its hyponyms. A word can be both a hyponym and a hypernym. For example, dog is a hyponym of mammal and also a hypernym of Fido.

words that are examples of categories are hyponyms

Two of the predominant types of relationships in knowledge-representation systems are predication and the universally quantified conditional.

Taxonomy is different from meronomy, which is dealing with the categorisation of parts of a whole.

The is-a relationship may also be contrasted with the instance-of relationship between objects (instances) and types (classes): see Type–token distinction.

While propositional logic can only express facts, autoepistemic logic can express knowledge and lack of knowledge about facts.

A predicate whose quantifiers all apply to individual elements, and not to sets or predicates, is called a first-order predicate.

a class is an implementation‍—‌a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines‍—‌while a type is an interface

Elin K. Jacob found that classification and categorization are different processes

Categorization is grounded in the features that distinguish the category's members from nonmembers.

semantic domain or semantic field

Sometimes lexicography is considered to be a part or a branch of lexicology, but properly speaking, only lexicologists who write dictionaries are lexicographers.

Some consider this a distinction of theory vs. practice.

An allied science to lexicology is lexicography, which also studies words, but primarily in relation with dictionaries – it is concerned with the inclusion of words in dictionaries and from that perspective with the whole lexicon

Not to be confused with lexicography.

It's not really about avoiding that association; in many situations only one or the other is correct and you can't substitute willy-nilly

it has more to do with semantics than euphony

A hyponym refers to a type. A meronym refers to a part. For example, a hyponym of tree is pine tree or oak tree (a type of tree), but a meronym of tree is bark or leaf (a part of tree).

Synonymy requires the sharing of a sememe or seme, but the semantic field is a larger area surrounding those.

A general and intuitive description is that words in a semantic field are not necessarily synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon.

a stative verb is one that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action

Semantics: deals with the formal properties and interrelation of signs and symbols, without regard to meaning.

However, if the distinctions between the two concepts appear to be superficial, intentional conflation may be desirable for the sake of conciseness and recall

Dictionary writers list polysemes under the same entry; homonyms are defined separately.

Polysemy is thus distinct from homonymy—or homophony—which is an accidental similarity between two words (such as bear the animal, and the verb to bear); while homonymy is often a mere linguistic coincidence, polysemy is not.

Does running nsgcepa by itself not then run the .desktop which in turn runs that command? Probably not. Desktop launchers are used by e.g. application menus. Executables are the binaries or scripts that can be run by desktop launchers. You can also run executables directly from a command line.

xdg-open should do the same thing - actually, it will call gnome-open, or kde-open, or whatever, depending on your desktop environment. Thus it's more portable.

Poetry is more than end rhymes

Why separate out red tests from green tests? Because my green tests serve a fundamentally different purpose. They are there to act as a living specification, validating that the behaviors work as expected. Regardless of whether they are implemented in a unit testing framework or an acceptance testing framework, they are in essence acceptance tests because they’re based upon validating behaviors or acceptance criteria rather than implementation details.

When I refactor my code, I expect that none of my green tests will break. If red tests break then that’s okay because remember, my red tests can be implementation dependent and when I change an implementation it may cause some red tests to break. But it shouldn’t break any green tests. I find that this is a valuable distinction.

I am a big advocate of having a complete test base and even erring on the side of caution when it comes to quality engineering and software validation but that is not what we’re talking about here. What we’re talking about here are the tests that we write when we’re doing test-first development and I’m proposing that writing those tests from the perspective of specifying the behaviors that we want to create is a highly valuable way of writing tests because it drives us to think at the right level of abstraction for creating behavioral tests and that allow us the freedom to refactor our code without breaking it.

this only applies to end products which are actually deployed. For my modules, I try to keep dependency version ranges at defaults, and recommend others do the same. All this pinning and packing is really the responsibility of the last user in the chain, and from experience, you will make their life significantly more difficult if you pin your own module dependencies.

The "Pluridisciplinary" or "multidisciplinarity" level The genuine cross-disciplinary level: "interdisciplinarity" The discipline-forming level "transdisciplinarity"

They reduce the distinction between a “core module” and a “plugin”

ECMAScript is a programming language itself, specified in the document ECMA-262. In other words, ECMA-262 is the specification of the programming language ECMAScript. JavaScript is an implementation of ECMAScript which conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript implementations can also provide additional features not described in the specification.

The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O.

I think that over time the distinction is lost. My math teacher, 35 years ago stated "formulas are used in chemistry, in math we have equations". To this day, the word 'formula' in math seems wrong, but I'd accept it's used commonly.

An equation is meant to be solved, that is, there are some unknowns. A formula is meant to be evaluated, that is, you replace all variables in it with values and get the value of the formula.

The key idea is that the equation captures not just the ingredients of the formula, but also the relationship between the different ingredients.

An equation is any expression with an equals sign, so your example is by definition an equation. Equations appear frequently in mathematics because mathematicians love to use equal signs. A formula is a set of instructions for creating a desired result. Non-mathematical examples include such things as chemical formulas (two H and one O make H2O), or the formula for Coca-Cola (which is just a list of ingredients). You can argue that these examples are not equations, in the sense that hydrogen and oxygen are not "equal" to water, yet you can use them to make water.

The :empty selector refers only to child nodes, not input values. [value=""] does work; but only for the initial state. This is because a node's value attribute (that CSS sees), is not the same as the node's value property (Changed by the user or DOM javascript, and submitted as form data).

Generally, CSS selectors refer to markup or, in some cases, to element properties as set with scripting (client-side JavaScript), rather than user actions. For example, :empty matches element with empty content in markup; all input elements are unavoidably empty in this sense. The selector [value=""] tests whether the element has the value attribute in markup and has the empty string as its value. And :checked and :indeterminate are similar things. They are not affected by actual user input.

The selector [value=""] tests whether the element has the value attribute in markup and has the empty string as its value.

You’d think :empty would be it, but it’s not. That’s for matching things like <p></p>… container elements with nothing inside them. Inputs are no-content elements already.

Does there exist a Unicode new-line, which I could copy-paste? (PLEASE NOTE, I DON'T ASK ABOUT THE CODE, like U+000D or whatever is considered as new line. I want the "copyable" output, like the above space (which I have put above in brackets and can be copied). So, if there is, please paste it in your answer, so I could copy it, like you copy the unicode space above from brackets.

markdown-it is the result of the decision of the authors who contributed to 99% of the Remarkable code to move to a project with the same authorship but new leadership (Vitaly and Alex). It's not a fork.

What's an object (i.e. not a primitive)?

One way the restaurant achieves this is by refusing to do delivery. You can order breakfast and lunch at the window; dinner has to be arranged in advance, by email. Either way, your first encounter is with one of Winner’s employees or Mr. Eddy himself, not a third-party app. Apps may be convenient, but I’ve never used an app that remembered that a member of my household has a life-threatening food allergy, as a Winner employee did the second time I placed a dinner order. Nor have I had one offer to set aside a few loaves of bread, which typically sell out by late afternoon.

The flow pipetree is a mix of the Either monad and “Railway-oriented programming”, but not entirely the same.

in functional programming, the terms "conditional expression" or "conditional construct" are preferred, because these terms all have distinct meanings

there are two key elements to an anti-pattern that distinguish it from a bad habit, bad practice, or bad idea

This is done to avoid confusion by differentiating between cases where a variable carries a defined value and those where it does not.

Operations are often confused as god objects that do “everything”. However, operations are nothing but orchestrators.

One of the most difficult transitions for leaders to make is the shift from doing to leading.

"Open access" refers to toll-free or gratis access to content

In this continuum of community participation covered by CBD, new-generation CDD projects are located at the extreme right

However, CDD projects fit on the empowerment end of CBD by actively engaging beneficiaries in the design, management and implementation of projects

A distinction may also be made between standard (peer-to-peer) content and premium-charged content.

The LGPL allows users to use and integrate LGPL software components into their own software without being required to release the source code of their own software components. However, if users modify LGPL software components (“derivative work”), they are required to make the modified software component available under the same LGPL license. To avoid the latter with TRB, users have to comply with para. 5 LGPLv2.1: A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it, is called a “work that uses the Library”. Such a work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License. In other words: if you use the TRB libraries in your commercial applications or Open-Source projects, you’re not creating a derivative work of Trailblazer. Your software can be distributed under any terms.

non-interactive shells (actually when job control is not enabled)

You might be confused because echo is both a shell built-in and a separate command.

When you run this interaction, two things will happen. First ActiveInteraction will type check your inputs. Then ActiveModel will validate them. If both of those are happy, it will be executed.

The problem is that you what you want is actually not de-structuring at all. You’re trying to go from 'arg1', { hash2: 'bar', hash3: 'baz' }, { hash1: 'foo' } (remember that 'arg1', foo: 'bar' is just shorthand for 'arg1', { foo: 'bar' }) to 'arg1', { hash1: 'foo', hash2: 'bar', hash3: 'baz' } which is, by definition, merging (note how the surrounding structure—the hash—is still there). Whereas de-structuring goes from 'arg1', [1, 2, 3] to 'arg1', 1, 2, 3

The term encapsulation is often used interchangeably with information hiding. Not all agree on the distinctions between the two though; one may think of information hiding as being the principle and encapsulation being the technique. A software module hides information by encapsulating the information into a module or other construct which presents an interface.

Does that make it so? Not for me. Were it simply a matter of words, I wouldn't write another word on the matter. But there are two distinct concepts behind these terms, concepts engendered separately and best understood separately.

The more important point comes from a program design perspective. Here, "programming to an interface" means focusing your design on what the code is doing, not how it does it. This is a vital distinction that pushes your design towards correctness and flexibility.

Remix occurs when the original meme is altered in some way, while mimicry occurs when the meme is recreated in a different fashion to the original.

a direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea

The word home, for instance, has a denotation of “the place (such as a house or apartment) where a person lives,” but it may additionally have many connotations (such as “warmth,” “security,” or “childhood”) for some people.

While each of these two words has several possible meanings, they are notably distinct from each other in all senses. Denotation is concerned with explicit meaning, and connotation tends to be concerned with implicit meaning.

I agree that validation is a process that determines the property of validity of a certain object

Notice that you’re not naming lines with this syntax, just areas.

Flexbox is for one dimensional layout (row or column). CSS grid is for two dimensional layout.

Owning a blog or website involves two separate pieces, your domain and your host.

It’s kind of like putting a SIM card in a cell phone – the SIM card tells that phone, “Hey, you work with this particular phone number now.” Just like you can switch out a phone’s SIM card and make the phone work with a different phone number, your domain can be set to work with a different web hosting service.

First, the frame and frameset elements are not deprecated in HTML5, they're obsolete (i.e., they've been removed entirely).

A pop-up is a modal view that can either take form as a pop-up menu or a pop-up dialog. To my understanding, when we use the word “pop-up”, what we want to express is the pop-up motion effect on the call-out of the UI treatment.

A popover is a transient view that shows on a content screen when a user clicks on a control button or within a defined area.

This command should not be confused with the reload command.

Taglines are more often next to the company's logo on official advertisements, and are dedicated more specifically to brand awareness than slogans. Slogans carry a brand's values and promises as the company grows and evolves, and can be promoted under an overarching company tagline.

Although both "slogan" and "tagline" tend to be used interchangeably, they actually serve two different purposes. 

What’s the difference between an ad and your recommendation?

It’s easy to think of 1fr as being “one part of the space in the grid container” when it is really one part of the space left over.

And since auto is entirely based on content, we can say it is “indefinitely” sized, its dimensions flex. If we were to put an explicit width on the column, like 50% or 400px, then we would say it is “definitely” sized.

It’s true that the auto value would do the same, but auto isn’t quite as robust since it’s size is based on the content inside.

While it is easy to imagine that all iterators could be expressed as arrays, this is not true. Arrays must be allocated in their entirety, but iterators are consumed only as necessary. Because of this, iterators can express sequences of unlimited size, such as the range of integers between 0 and Infinity.

Note: your arrow must be an HTMLElement (not an SVGElement). To use an SVG arrow, wrap it in a <div> tag with the data-popper-arrow attribute.

A tooltip is an element containing simple text content describing a particular element. It's hidden until the user desires more information from the element, e.g. before deciding to click a button.

A popover is an interactive HTML tooltip. It can be a dropdown, menu, or any other kind of box that pops out from the normal flow of the document. This type of element contains non-vital functionality and can be hidden behind a click or hover to conserve space.

Popper has a sole goal: position elements. That's why we call it a "positioning engine" and not a "tooltip library".

The rationale for branches is simple. Each snap in the Snap Store has a default track called ‘latest’ in which there are four channels named ‘stable’, ‘beta’, ‘candidate’ and ‘edge’. These are all typical buckets in which snaps are published for an extended period, perhaps months or maybe even years. Branches on the other hand are short-lived silos for publishing snaps. 

I don’t think he implies that, he didn’t mentioned FOSS or non-FOSS. Third party doesn’t refer to licensing, only to who provides it.

more leading edge than bleeding

Event listener and event handler are two terms that cause confusion.

A listener watches for an event to be fired. For example, a KeyListener waits for KeyEvents, a MessageListener waits for messages to arrive on a queue and so on. The handler is responsible for dealing with the event. Normally, listeners and handlers go hand-in-hand. For example, the KeyListener tells the ExitHandler that "the letter Q was pressed" and the handler performs logic such as cleaning up resources and exiting the application gracefully. Similary a ButtonClickListener would tell the same ExitHandler that the "Exit button was clicked". So, in this case you have two different events, two different listeners but a single handler.

The most basic difference is the association Listener is associated with Event Source (Ex: key board) Handler is associated with an Event (Ex: keydown)

In a browser, the chrome is any visible aspect of a browser aside from the webpages themselves (e.g., toolbars, menu bar, tabs). This is not to be confused with the Google Chrome browser.

Universal = code that can run in any JS runtime (browser and/or node). Isomorphic = application that runs the same universal code in multiple runtimes to avoid code duplication.

The delete operator does not directly free memory, and it differs from simply assigning the value of null or undefined to a property, in that the property itself is removed from the object.

Often the term intransitive is used to refer to the stronger property of antitransitivity.

Fallback values aren't used to fix the browser compatibility. If the browser doesn't support CSS custom Properties, the fallback value won't help.

So if you are designing for an app

The style is just the aesthetics of the button and not how it should be used.

@import url() is a runtime CSS statement, not a Sass @import module.

this in particular comes from the addressee

positive feedback loops, in which a change in a given direction causes additional change in the same direction.For example, an increase in the concentration of a substance causes feedback that produces continued increases in concentration. negative feedback loops, in which a change in a given direction causes change in the opposite direction.For example, an increase in the concentration of a substance causes feedback that ultimately causes the concentration of the substance to decrease.

To bundle this in your own code, use a Sass processor (not a Sass Svelte preprocessor, but a Sass processor)

This module should not be used in other npm modules since it modifies the default require behavior! It is designed to be used for development of final projects i.e. web-sites, applications etc.

The resolving process is basically simple and distinguishes between three variants: absolute path: require("/home/me/file") relative path: require("../src/file") or require("./file") module path: require("module/lib/file")

if the value given in value is contained in the array that is the value for the field for the form

If it's closing the "window" likely you're putting the exit # command inside a function, not a script. (In which case use return # instead.)

Some people try to use && and || as a shortcut syntax for if ... then ... else ... fi, perhaps because they think they are being clever.

Here we go again. [ is a command. It is not a syntactic marker that sits between if and some sort of C-like "condition". Nor is it used for grouping. You cannot take C-like if commands and translate them into Bash commands just by replacing parentheses with square brackets!

you still can, if the image was built locally, the intermediate layers are still stored locally as images during docker build. Those images are not distributed though, when doing docker push

The image specified in --cache-from is the image from the previous CI build. It doesn't have anything to do with the FROM line in Dockerfile. CI can pull it with regular docker pull, like they could before v1.10.

Because the router uses the HTTP verb and URL to match inbound requests, four URLs map to seven different actions.

Please remember that setting NODE_ENV doesn't automatically set mode.