- Jun 2024
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www.codium.ai www.codium.ai
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- Apr 2024
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static.pbslearningmedia.org static.pbslearningmedia.org
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n Part 3, students explore the concept ofenvironmental justice and explore data and currentevents that illustrate instances where environmental injustices have occurred. Furthermore, this partof the lesson will guide them into finding resources that will help them become more involved intheir communities
can be used for discrimination unit as environmental justice
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- Feb 2024
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Die Selbstverpflichtungen der Regierungen zur Dekarbonisierung reichen bei weitem nicht aus. Ein Bericht, der von den Vereinten Nationen als Grundlage für die kommende COP28 publiziert wurde, ergibt, dass 2030 etwa 20 bis 23 Gigatonnen mehr CO<sub>2</sub> emittiert werden sollen, als mit dem 1,5 °-Ziel verträglich wäre. Zum ersten Mal wird in einem offiziellen UN-Dokument das Ende der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe gefordert. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/08/un-report-calls-for-phasing-out-of-fossil-fuels-as-paris-climate-goals-being-missed
Bericht: https://unfccc.int/documents/631600
Tags
- actor: UN
- 1,5°
- process: increasing emissions
- institution: Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit
- Technical dialogue of the first global stocktake. Synthesis report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue
- driver: ghg emissions
- 2023-09-08
- expert: Ani Dasgupta
- expert: Gareth Redmond-King
- institution: World Resources Institute
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URL
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- Jan 2024
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Local file Local file
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The systems involvedare complex, involving interaction among and feedback between manyparts. Any changes to such a system will cascade in ways that are diffi-cult to predict; this is especially true when human actions are involved.
Perhaps the evolution to solve AI-resistance (mentioned in https://hypothes.is/a/-JjZurr3Ee6EtG8G_Sbt8Q) won't be done at the level of the individual human genome, but will be done at the human society level genome.
Political groups of people have an internal memetic genome which can evolve and change over time much more quickly than the individual human's genes would work.
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www.repubblica.it www.repubblica.it
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Großbritannien will die Kapazitäten seiner Atomkraftwerke bis 2050 auf 24 GW steigern. Von Angie aus werden diese Pläne auch kritisiert weil die Kosten der Atomenergie enorm hoch sind. https://www.repubblica.it/economia/rapporti/energitalia/trasformazione/2024/01/16/news/la_gran_bretagna_punta_sullenergia_nucleare-421889343/
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- Dec 2023
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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- NGO: Leave It in the Ground Initiative
- NGO: Oil Change International
- country: UAE
- topic: Methane emissions
- actor: Sultan Al Jaber
- process: methane reduction
- expert: David Tong
- NGO: Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit
- 2023-08-17
- event: COP28
- expert: Kjell Kühne
- Adnoc
- expert: Gareth Redmond-King
- actor: Adnoc
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- Nov 2023
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Roger Hardy erklärt in diesem Artikel über die von ihm in Großbritannien gegründete Organisation Round our Way, dass Arbeiterklassen-Communities von der globalen Erhitzung und ihren Folgen besonders stark betroffen sind und das auch wissen. Nur eine Klimabewegung für "ordinary people" könne das Fundament für einen gesellschaftlichen Konsens über Klimaschutz herstellen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2023/nov/21/working-class-people-climate-crisis-policy
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www.sethklein.ca www.sethklein.ca
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The Climate Emergency Unit
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for: The Climate Emergency Unit, David Suzuki Institute
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reference
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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In einem Brief wollen mehr als 100 britische Energieunternehmen Premierminister Rishi Sunak warnen von der aktuellen Dekarbonisierungspolitik abzugehen. Gerade erst hat ein Gutachten gezeigt, mit welchen Gefahren die zu große Abhängigkeit Großbritanniens von gaslieferungen verbunden ist. Für das net sirocil sind diesen Bericht zufolge 327 Milliarden Pfund Investitionen nötig Punkt bisher haben sich die Regierung aber nur zu gut 22,5 Milliarden Pfund verpflichtet. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/16/top-uk-energy-firms-to-warn-rishi-sunak-dont-back-off-green-agenda
Net Zero-Bericht von Chris Skidmore: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-net-zero
Report des Office for Budget Stability: https://obr.uk/frs/fiscal-risks-and-sustainability-july-2023/#:~:text=In%20this%2C%20our%20second%20FRS,on%20the%20UK's%20public%20debt.
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- Jun 2023
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Im ersten Jahr nach der Invasion der Ukraine im Februar 2022 hat Großbritannien für 19,3 Milliarden Pfund Öl und Gas aus anderen autoritären Petrostaaten als Russland bezogen. Eine Analyse von Desmog ergibt, dass Großbritannien in diesem Jahr für 125,7 Milliarden Pfund fossile Brennstoffe importiert und damit zum ersten Mal die 100-Milliarden-Grenze überschritten hat, obwohl eine Reduktion des Verbrauchs von Öl und Gas dringend nötig ist. Trotz des Embargos verkaufte auch Russland eine Rekordmenge an Öl in diesem Jahr. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/09/193bn-of-fossil-fuels-imported-by-uk-from-authoritarian-states-in-year-since-ukraine-war
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- May 2023
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www.joshmorony.com www.joshmorony.com
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create a new instance
Will we be able to mock this in tests?
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- Dec 2022
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www.leicesterfcc.org www.leicesterfcc.org
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In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty; in all things, charity (kindness). Now we may not even agree about what the essentials are, but the key, I think, is that last bit – in all things, charity. Hold a generous heart for all, whether they agree with you or disagree with you.
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- Sep 2022
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press.rebus.community press.rebus.community
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An hour into your entire course of your program.
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- Aug 2022
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Thuluva, S., Paradkar, V., Turaga, K., Gunneri, S., Yerroju, V., Mogulla, R., Kyasani, M., Manoharan, S. K., Medigeshi, G., Singh, J., Shaman, H., Singh, C., & Rao, A. V. (2022). Selection of optimum formulation of RBD-based protein sub-unit covid19 vaccine (Corbevax) based on safety and immunogenicity in an open-label, randomized Phase-1 and 2 clinical studies (p. 2022.03.08.22271822). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.08.22271822
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www.livemint.com www.livemint.com
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Banerjee, P. (2022, February 13). Biological E seeks EUA for its Corbevax vaccine for 12-18 yrs age group. Mint. https://www.livemint.com/news/india/biological-e-seeks-eua-for-its-corbevax-vaccine-for-12-18-yrs-age-group-11644746753338.html
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- Mar 2022
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www.news18.com www.news18.com
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Corbevax: All About India’s First Protein Sub-Unit Covid Vaccine to be Given to 12-14 Age Group From Today. (2022, March 16). News18. https://www.news18.com/news/india/corbevax-all-about-indias-first-protein-sub-unit-covid-vaccine-to-be-given-to-12-14-age-group-from-today-4874345.html
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- Nov 2021
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thenewpress.com thenewpress.com
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“Because physicists started out with the imaginary, unstable cube as their model instead of the real-world stable tetrahedron, they got into all these imaginary numbers and other complicated and completely unnecessary mathematics. It would be so much simpler if they started out with the tetrahedron, which is nature’s best structure, the simplest structural system in Universe.
(Just as an aside, to remember later when you’re studying physics in school, I want to point out that the tetrahedron is also equivalent to the quantum unit of physics, and to the electron.)”
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- Sep 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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Each cubic cell has 8 atoms in each corner of the cube, and that atom is shared with 8 neighboring cells. In the Body Centered Cubic Cell (BCC) there is an additional atom in the center of the cube, and in the face centered cubic cell, an atom is shared between two unit cells along the face.
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Figure12.1.112.1.1\PageIndex{1}: The 7 types of unit cells. In this class we will only look at cubic systems, and will identify 3 types of cubic unit cells (figure. 12.b)
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αα\large\alpha = angle in the yz plane ββ\large\beta = angle in the xz plane γγ\large\gamma = angle in the xy plane
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- Aug 2021
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www.vreautoner.ro www.vreautoner.ro
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Kyocera DK67 Drum Unit FS-1920/FS-3820 Original
Drum unit for Kyocera FS 3820 (DK67)
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- Jun 2021
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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This meant that we owned both sides of the product implementation. For unit testing on the frontend, we stayed with Angular’s suggestion of Jasmine. For unit testing on the backend, we went with rspec-rails. These worked well since unit tests don’t need to cross technology boundaries.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Unit tests are usually cheap, and you should consider them like the basement of your house
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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The most important guideline to give is the following: Write clean unit tests if there is actual value in testing a complex piece of logic in isolation to prevent it from breaking in the future Otherwise, try to write your specs as close to the user’s flow as possible
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- Mar 2021
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trailblazer.to trailblazer.to
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Unit tests for operations: They test all edge cases in a nice, fast unit test environment without any HTTP involved.
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- Feb 2021
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Anonymous. (2021, January 20). This is what it’s like to be an intensive care unit nurse right now. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/20/intensive-care-nurse-eu-europeans-health-britain
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- Oct 2020
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Mondelli, Mario U., Marta Colaneri, Elena M. Seminari, Fausto Baldanti, and Raffaele Bruno. ‘Low Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Fomites in Real-Life Conditions’. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 0, no. 0 (29 September 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30678-2.
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- Aug 2020
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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Die
This poem is a sonnet with 3 quatrains (lines of 4) and a couplet (set of lines), so in order to help your comprehension, you want to divide the stanzas by the structure.
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Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!
Themes in poetry show up in the last lines or last stanza. A theme is a universal statement about what the author believes.
If we consider that poems are either a MEMORY or an EMOTION we can use word choice to figure out the theme. This poem is about emotion, particularly about not giving in to an enemy.
So universal theme would be...
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monsters
symbolism - McKay calls his enemies "monsters", but he doesn't seem to be fighting fictional beasts in the poem, so not literal monsters.
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If We Must Die
Poetry 101:
Step 1 - Read this poem. Consider this just your first run through. Take notice of punctation (periods, comma, etc.). That's where you stop when reading a poem.
Step 2 - Read the poem again - But now you want to think in Costa's Level 2. So, notice rhetorical devices and what they are doing in the text. Divide your stanzas so you can chunk information and analyze in pieces.
Step 3 - Find the theme. Theme is a universal statement that tells us how the author feels about a topic. This is not a subject - like the beach - but what does the beach, or the setting, mean to the author. Themes are found in the last lines or the last stanza of a poem.
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, Where ignorant armies clash by night.
The world continues to change, warp, consume, ebb, and flow around us - good and bad directions.
So if we write a universal theme...
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But
It's easy to ignore the word "but"; however, this is a conjunction that tells you the author is about to flip everything they've been saying.
It's a tiny word with a major impact. So this is a good place to make a division in a poem. To see what was being established, and how the author now wants to change it.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Historically, it was defined as one minute (1/60 of a degree) of latitude along any line of longitude. Today the international nautical mile is defined as exactly 1852 metres (about 1.15 miles).
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Where these systems most notably differ is in their units of volume. A US fluid ounce (fl oz), about 29.6 millilitres (ml), is slightly larger than the imperial fluid ounce (about 28.4 ml). However, as there are 16 US fl oz to a US pint and 20 imp fl oz per imperial pint, the imperial pint is about 20% larger. The same is true of quarts, gallons, etc.; six US gallons are a little less than five imperial gallons.
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- Jul 2020
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osf.io osf.io
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Kulu, H., & Dorey, P. (2020). Infection Rates from Covid-19 in Great Britain by Geographical Units: A Model-based Estimation from Mortality Data [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/84f3e
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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Lighter, J., Phillips, M., Hochman, S., Sterling, S., Johnson, D., Francois, F., & Stachel, A. (n.d.). Obesity in Patients Younger Than 60 Years Is a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Hospital Admission. Clinical Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa415
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- May 2020
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courses.lumenlearning.com courses.lumenlearning.com
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Objectives: Motivations students have for college. Identify personal motivations as pathways to goals.
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- Apr 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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DA SILVA, C. M. N. G. (2020, April 13). Who takes care of health professional?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/n4j98
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- Jan 2020
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Yes; everything needed to run the tests are bundled inside the test suite or executable. There's no connections to foreign processes or systems. I.e, no talking to databases or reading files from disk. If necessary, these connection points are faked / mocked.
Tests running in isolation don't depends on external systems to work.
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- Nov 2019
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kentcdodds.com kentcdodds.com
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I should also add that I'm in favor of relying more heavily on integration testing. When you do this, you need to unit test fewer of your simple components and wind up only having to unit test edge cases for components (which can mock all they want).
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medium.com medium.com
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Unit test coverage grants confidence that code logic is correct(and serves as great developer documentation!)
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- Oct 2019
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localhost:3000 localhost:3000Unswot1
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AUM
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- Sep 2019
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grazing-lands-files-dev.s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com grazing-lands-files-dev.s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com
- Jul 2019
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Nobel Peace prize
What did he do to win the noble prize?
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We deplore all forms of violence
They are non-violent
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Iron Curtain
How effective was the "Iron Curtain"?
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Romero was assassinated in 1980
His views on social and political issues was not taken well and eventually got his assassinated.
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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In the event of armed attack in Europe on one or more of the Parties to the Treaty by any state or group of states, each of the Parties to the Treaty, in the exercise of its right to individual or collective self-defence in accordance with Article 51
A "attack one, attack all" mentality
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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5. To accept the collaboration in Serbia of representatives of the Austro-Hungarian Government in the suppression of the subversive movement directed against the territorial integrity of the monarchy;
This demand was not met leading to be one of the causes of WWI.
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Nationalism
Would this be considered the start of Nationalism?
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Eventually, the term Communist became identified with the brand of Socialism that came to be called “Marxism.”
Is this the same Communism as the Soviet Union Communism?
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Marriage is the tomb of trust and love.
In this time period marriage was forced and could be unbroken.
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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The pope cannot remit any guilt, except by declaring that it has been remitted by God and by assenting to God’s remission; though, to be sure, he may grant remission in cases reserved to his judgment. If his right to grant remission in such cases were despised, the guilt would remain entirely unforgiven
The pope cannot take away a person sin unless the canons say otherwise
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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The Enlightenment was always a self-consciously minority movement.
The enlightenment did not appeal to people at the time
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Despite the serious wrong done to us, the occupation of the port of Kiaochow was undertaken with the greatest care. We wish for the continuation of the friendship that has so long bound Germany with China and which so far has never been clouded.
Germany wants to continue friendly relations while also being Asia's equal
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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ake up the White Man’s burden — The savage wars of peace — Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease;
Are they talking about the sacrifices the colony made?
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
Free trade
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Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
reduction of national weapons
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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last war
Meaninng World War 2
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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to my Celestial Court and to be in control of your country’s trade with China, this request is contrary to all usage of my dynasty and cannot possibly be entertained. It is true that Europeans, in the service of the dynasty, have been permitted to live at Peking, but they are compelled to adopt Chinese dress, they are strictly confined to their own precincts and are never permitted to return home.
The emperor basically saying that diplomat sent to his country cannot return home
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You, O King, live beyond the confines of many seas, nevertheless, impelled by your humble desire to partake of the benefits of our civilisation, you have dispatched a mission respectfully bearing your memorial. Your Envoy has crossed the seas and paid his respects at my Court on the anniversary of my birthday. To show your devotion, you have also sent offerings of your country’s produce.
throughout the entire passage the emperor had a condescending tone
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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All those people in China who sell opium or smoke opium should receive the death penalty.
The selling of opium is punishable by death
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Art 3 — There can be no slaves on this territory; servitude has been forever abolished. All men are born, live and die there free and French. Art 4 — All men can work at all forms of employment, whatever their color.Art 5 — No other distinctions exist than those of virtues and talents, nor any other superiority than that granted by the law in the exercise of a public charge. The law is the same for all, whether it punishes or protects. Title III. On Religion
slavery was abolished in Haiti
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Be it known to the readers of this work that this humble slave of the Almighty is going to describe in a correct manner the excellent character,
The person who wrote this a slave describing the emperor
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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What ho! my work is in the hall of arms, I listen to no mortal, nor can any put me to shame, I know none such, I am the Terror, I know none other, I am where war is, my work is said to be in the hall of arms, let no one curse my children.
the god of arms openly says he is terror but cares for his people
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1. Huitzilopochtli is first in rank, no one, no one is like unto him: not vainly do I sing (his praises) coming forth in the garb of our ancestors; I shine; I glitter. 2. He is a terror to the Mixteca; he alone dest
many of the hymns are about how fear the gods are
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www.milestonedocuments.com www.milestonedocuments.com
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Whoever finds a runaway slave or captive and does not return him to the person to whom he belongs is to be put to death.
First things to be addressed is ways to be killed by law
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- Jan 2019
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wendynorris.com wendynorris.com
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Overall, recovery studies suggest that subcategories of the recovery process exist. However, different units of analysis (e.g., individual versus group) or different types of groups (e.g., based on ethnicity or social class) may experience the phases of recovery at differing rates. Thus, patterns, phrases or cycles of recovery are not linear.
Strong statement on how the unit of analysis can influence disaster research beyond theoretical frameworks and the need to look at temporality differently.
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- Aug 2018
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Then it gets the native element of the compiled HTML (the HTML rendered by the component).
This explains what 'native element' is, at least in this case. Its the outcome HTML after the detectChanges()
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We use an async before each. The purpose of the async is to let all the possible asynchronous code to finish before continuing.
Is this like putting your code in setTimeout() just to push it into the event loop task queue?...
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angular.io angular.io
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The CLI takes care of Jasmine and karma configuration for you.
meaning, creating a new app using ng new will create the needed mentioned (below) config files
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- Jul 2018
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I can demonstrate a relationship between music and another subject in my schoo
music standard to integrate into digestive system lesson (the class creates a song plus sings it for the digestive system)
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I can collaborate with others to composeor arrange a musical work for a specific purpose.
Music standard " I can collaborate with others to compose or arrange a musical work for a specific purpose"
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Identify the major parts of the digestive system(e.g., esophagus, intestine, mouth, stomach
SC State Standard G-3.1.4 One of main lesson topics (digestive system)
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- Dec 2016
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olivinelabs.com olivinelabs.com
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- Nov 2016
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misko.hevery.com misko.hevery.com
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You shouldn’t really be doing this anyway – you should have composed them, possibly via IOC.
Anybody can explain some more his idea?
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www.uv.es www.uv.es
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Exercise: role-playing about a second half of the19th century vals. They do some groups to make all this points and explain to the rest of the groups their researches.
- First step: students should make a little research about changes over the borders of the Austria-Hungarian Empire. Goal: to know where the Empire was.
- Second step: common features about climate traits that determine some social relationships.
- Third step: virtual guides over some cities like Vienna, Hamburg, Budapest: cultural characteristics (folklore, mores). Main monuments of these cities and organisation of the city.
- Fourth step: little research about nationalism, romanticism, Court culture. Little comparison with Wagner’s nationalism.
- Fifth step: about garments instead of being dressed like in this period, they have to come to the classroom dressed formally as nowadays but with some characteristic elements like medals, tiara, etc.
- Sixth step: Dance with each other and ENJOY! Trying to have some characteristic features on their behaviour and acting like Germans, Austrians, Czechs, etc. as seen in classroom: who can fit or not with each other and why; mainly everyone against the Austrians. o Besides: not everyone is a high social class, but most of them acting like servants. Made by: Carlos Fuertes, Josep Rostoll, Alicia Martí, Amador Yera, Josep Coret, Angela Cortes, Amanda Navarro
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- Oct 2016
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www.diffen.com www.diffen.com
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A map showing the many different kinds of republics in the world today.
At the bottom of this map, they make a note about the difference between de jure and de facto democracies - what do these terms mean?
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- Jul 2016
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www.loc.gov www.loc.gov
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Jefferson suggested that private efforts would be inadequate and that state support would be necessary to provide education for slaves “destined to be free.”
What was Jefferson's stance on slavery?
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Not Worth a Continental
What other economic issues were there with the Articles of Confederation?
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Congress Adopts the Northwest Ordinance
How is the Northwest Ordinance similar or dissimilar to the Constitution of 1787?
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Call to Revise Articles of Confederation
Here is a link to a transcript of this letter: http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/04-03-02-0525
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John Hanson
Who was John Hanson?
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Benjamin Franklin’s Proposed Plan of Confederation, 1775
Read the document to the right. What are some of the attributes of Franklin's plan?
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Divisions among the states and even local rebellions threatened to destroy the fruits of the Revolution
Give an example of these divisions or rebellions and how they exposed a weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
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www.diffen.com www.diffen.com
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Under Athenian democracy, the people voted on every law. This was a pure or direct democracy where the majority had nearly complete control over rights and progress.
Would you want to live under this system?
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They usually aren't; usually a republic is a type of representational democracy with some checks and balances enshrined in the constitution that safeguard the rights of minorities.
Could you have a republic without a democracy?
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oligarchy or plutocracy.
Define either of these forms of government.
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In a republic, a constitution or charter of rights protects certain inalienable rights that cannot be taken away by the government, even if it has been elected by a majority of voters. In a "pure democracy," the majority is not restrained in this way and can impose its will on the minority.
Find or think of an example that illustrates the difference between a republic and a democracy.
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URL
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www.smithsonianmag.com www.smithsonianmag.com
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Which of these myths, if any, are harmful?
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Why is it important to debunk myths like this?
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in order to form a more perfect understanding
What is this a reference to?
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Perhaps more than any defining moment in American history, the War of Independence is swathed in beliefs not borne out by the facts.
Do you agree? Why do you think this is?
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www.loc.gov www.loc.gov
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Act for Establishing Religious Freedom
Here is a link to a transcript of this document: http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/virginia-act-establishing-religious-freedom
How does what Jefferson says compare to the Constitution in Massachusetts?
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it violated the citizen's "unalienable" natural right to freedom of religion and on the practical argument that government's embrace of religion had inevitably harmed it.
Here is a link to a transcript of this document: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions43.html
How did Madison demonstrate his views?
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Persecution in Virginia
Who was being persecuted and why?
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tax for the support of religion but permitted individuals to earmark their taxes for the church of their choice
Would you want to pay a tax like this?
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The Church-State Debate: Virginia
Was the debate similar to or different than that in Massachusetts?
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Massachusetts Constitution of 1780
Read through the Constitution by clicking on the image. What was the outcome of the debates over state support of religion?
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Irenaeus
Who was Irenaeus, and why do you think Samuel West choice this pseudonym?
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Against Tax-Supported Religion
Why does Isaac Backus take this position?
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For Tax-Supported Religion
What arguments does Phillips Payson use to support his view?
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that the voters would accept.
Was this practice unique to Massachusetts?
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