8,004 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2022
    1. Every man wants his associates to value himas highly as he values himself;

      This is very true. I believe we should not allow people to look at us, talk about us or undermine us in ways we wouldn't talk about ourselves. It reminds me of the saying, if you wouldn't want it said or done to you don't say or do it to others.

    1. Race switching (see Wilton, Sanchez, & Garcia, 2013) allows individuals to identify and de-identify with different parts of their identity. This process of identification and de-identification is often dictated by the constraints or opportunities in the social milieu.

      This author's term is accurate, and it reminds me a lot of how I've interacted with people throughout my life. Since I was ten years old, I've occasionally considered myself fortunate to be biracial since I was able to "race switch" depending on who I was with. Though "race switching" may appear to be a negative trait, it actually helped me to be more versatile and appealing to the people I met. I appreciate the author opening this essay with this topic since it removes the notion that being biracial is a character flaw. Lastly, throughout the rest of this term I hope to shine light on the positives of being biracial rather than the negatives.

    1. It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, the physical secrets of the world.

      This reminds me of "the sublime"

  2. psy352sp22csi.commons.gc.cuny.edu psy352sp22csi.commons.gc.cuny.edu
    1. He believed, however, that our physical bodies are gov-erned by the laws of nature. Thus, whereas purpose is a mentalphenomenon, it is physically realized in the systems of naturalphenomena and laws.

      This reminds me of the law of attraction which states that the energy you exude or feel, manifests into physical. Most people have heard of the book *The Secret * but what most people do not know is that it is based on science. It seems that this could be one of the early developments of these laws

    1. Yes, other topics were more pressing: performance-enhancing drugs, geopolitics, actual sports. But within the tall fences of the so-called bubble, where all participants of the

      This reminds me of the other article I read that said .....

    1. What has been said and what can be said about Venus take for granted the traffic between fact, fantasy, desire, and violence.

      this reminds me again of an attempt to view history and reality in a narrative way or account narratively when sometimes reality isn't meant to be a story but is just wrongness.

    2. For me, narrating counter-histories of slavery has always been inseparable from writing a history of present, by which I mean the incomplete project of freedom, and the precarious life of the ex-slave, a condition defined by the vulnerability to premature death and to gratuitous acts of violence.12

      It reminds me of last week's Sharpe reading about these slaves still existing in the present, namely as atoms at the bottom of the ocean. Here, it is unfortunately the experience of violence which bridges the gap between the past and the present, and informs present struggles for freedom

    1. This reminds me of when I watched a sociology lecture on how Indigenous peoples have totally different cultures and don't see themselves as similar, but Europeans just clumped them together anyway.

    Annotators

    1. enhances our understanding of how race, gender, and sexuality were formed in British Atlantic slave societies and how these constructions of identity directed and influenced the life experiences of urban enslaved women

      This reminds me of the discourse surrounding intersectionality.

    2. language of criminality.

      Tangent point but reminds me of when Tocqueville discussed criminal laws in his essays (Democracy in America) he mentioned it as firmly rooted in and from the old world, something that is inflexible and carries the mentality of oppression. Reading it together with this, it is as if that the mentality behind those code still persist beyond just colonial age to today when we consider criminality. What's the boundary between civil and criminal laws and how much of it, still are "structures built on racial and gendered subjugation and spectacles of terror." A question, I think, much lingered on even today.

    1. What you did on the internet would become intertwined with what everyone else did, and the things other people liked would become the things that you would see.

      This reminds me of social media more so than the Internet.

    1. or, in the Kimberleys, as one of the two supreme(and serpent-like) Creator-beings

      This reminds me of writing the cultural astronomy paper in ASTR 340 where I wrote about Hindu theories about the astronomy and creation of the universe.

    1. The structuring process of editing suppresses someinterpretations while it emphasizes —and manufactures—others. Importantaspects of a subject’s experience or perspective may remain silenced

      This reminds me of how heavily edited Mary Prince's narrative, about her experience as a slave, was so that her audience, a court and white people, weren't made uncomfortable

    2. While we respond to this griefthrough participation in AIDS organizing and political struggle, the airingof this film was a dramatic reminder of how rarely the U.S. public allowsor recognizes the articulation of this pain.1

      this reminds me of the pose episode we watched in class once because they touched on AIDS (if i remember correctly) but i feel like the U.S. public saw this crisis as a burden created by gay men rather than actually acknowledge the pain, grieving, and suffering people were going through

  3. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. The making of the film, rather than the taking of his pills, is the way to enhance, if not prolong, his life

      This reminds me of Shakespeare's Sonnet (#1 i think) that immortalizes the beauty of the lover through writing

    1. I was gonna be that one in a million

      This is an idiom used to signify almost impossible odds and signifies that it is very unlikely to happen. This is describing how Brandon might have felt how impossible him reaching his goals were. This could be due too the many songwriters rising at the time and competition with other bigger, bands and he felt that the odds were against him but he kept on pushing and finally made his way to the top, overcoming all the odds and let himself known. This makes me reflect on the theme of underdogs and how brandon felt smaller and outmatched by the odds but pressed on, until he reached his goals. This reminds me of a time that i had an assignment in tuition and i did not think that i could score higher than my higher level peers. But i pulled through and got highest in class. I understand the feeling of the odds being stacked up against you and empathise with him.

    1. n Vertigo, subjective camera predominates. Apart from one flash-back from Judy's point of view, the narrative is woven around what Scottie sees or fails to see. The audience follows the growth of his erotic obsession and subsequent despair precisely from his point of view. Scottie's voyeurism is blatant: he falls in love with a woman he follows and spies on without speaking to.

      Reminds me of the story/movie Lolita where the audience sees the world through the eye of the pedophile

    2. she can exist only in relation to castration and cannot transcend it

      this reminds me of Wittig's piece through the way both writers recognize the way in which women always live in relation to something else and not in relation to themselves

    3. To summarize briefly:

      this sentence is giving me Sigmund Freud vibes by the way it's written and what it means, talking about how a woman feels about her real absence of a penis reminds me of his penis envy theory

    1. Many students complained about how long it took to load the tool due to the slow school wifi. The students were frustrated and stressed and too much class time was wasted on figuring out the tool rather than using the tool for learning.

      This reminds me of when we had to download a tool in astronomy last semester. The tool was called Stellarium and as soon as everyone was told to download it on their computers, thew wifi stopped working since everyone was downloading a big package all at once. This caused for the downloading of the app to take at least an hour, which meant that the class period and even some time after was being used to just download the tool. Therefore, I understand the struggle of how long some tools take to download and how stressful it can be at the time.

    1. The memory of thoseterrible years should be repressed, refoulée, verdrängt. But Verdrängung causes neurosis.If reconciliation means compassion and respect for all those who fought their own war ingood faith, to forgive does not mean to forget.

      Reminds me of society today and how we try to erase/repress history. We must acknowledge history, learn from our predecessors and move forward.

    2. permanent warfare was the normal condition

      Reminds me of Orwell's War is Peace. By being in perpetual war, the citizens are united against a common enemy, thus alluding to peace

    3. In 1942, at the age of ten, I received the First Provincial Award of Ludi Juveniles (avoluntary, compulsory competition for young Italian Fascists

      Age ten is very young and it reminds me of the movie Jojo Rabbit. The movie takes place during the fall of Nazi Germany from the point of view of a 10 year old boy. He was in a junior group of the Hitler Youth. Controlled information fed to the young will usually result in blind loyalty.

    4. GUF, the fascist university students' association,

      Reminds me of groups like SDS & SNCC which were student-organized groups fighting what they believed in. Protests would occur on campus, like the youth at Kent State who were an anti-war movement. The youth really have the power/influence for any political movement to spread or cease.

    5. In my country today there are those who are saying that the myth of the Resistance was aCommunist lie

      This reminds me of how BB/The Party said all Goldstein did was spread lies and made him out to be the evil/bad guy. The Party wanted to ensure everyone stayed in line and even made up their own "myth of resistance" to keep the supported flowing for BB

    6. the age of ten

      This kind of reminds me of The Hunger Games, as Rue, was just a young girl as well forced to participate in something so ruthless. At this age you can't really comprehend what's going on you just obey the authority figures around you.

    1. and the ladies neither notice nor reject    the slighter pleasures of their slavery.   

      I this this section speaks to the fact that white women have often benefitted from white supremacy and slavery. Often arguing for more rights for themselves however ignoring and even finding it okay that Black people were subjected to that kind of oppression. it reminds me of susan b Anthony who was quite a vile racists but her past is sanitized just because she helped white women gain the right to vote.

    1. the top 1 percent of accounts were responsible for 35 percent of all observed interactions; the top 3 percent were responsible for 52 percent.

      1.5 million people are half the content. Reminds me of a similar statistic about Twitter and how "what twitter thinks" only represents a subset, and probably a selectively chosen subset, of the population

    1. The Anacostia, which ends in the predominantlyworking-class Black community by the same name in Southeast Washington, DCremains among the most polluted rivers in the nation.

      This reminds me of my project proposal. Gordon Plaza where folks are trying to relocate due to carcinogenic land.

    1. Ms. López begins to understand that Yamaira has an inquisitive historical mind, even though she is struggling with reading the textbook.

      Ms. Lopez was always there for Yamaira whenever she needed help or she wasn't understanding a concept. This reminds me of my middle school history teacher who was there to support me when I wasn't doing so great in class. There is always a big impact that teachers make on students whether it is good or bad.

    1. 'The sight of the rooms below and of the gratings above filled me both with melancholy and horror. I found soon afterwards a fire of indignation kindling within me…'

      The description reminds me of what would traditionally be considered a cargo hold in old ships, which attests to the horrible conditions these people were put through.

    1. umbaba said, 'Enkidu, what you have spoken is evil: you, a hireling, dependent for your bread! In envy and for fear of a rival you have spoken evil words.' Enkidu said, ‘Do not listen, Gilgamesh: this Humbaba must die. Kill Humbaba first and his servants after

      Humbaba reminds me a lot of Goliath, and since he tried to trick Enkidu, maybe cunning like the devil.

  4. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. A life

      from here to the end of this paragraph, it reminds me a lot of Wittig's piece because it talks about the way the straight mind has created this heteronormative customs and behaviors that becoming the ruling forces in society

    1. The mestizo continues to be a key figure in this history, often illustrative of the ambivalence structuring the origin and location of particular human characteristics, as well as their perceived strengths and fragilities.

      Really interesting. I wonder to what degree the celebration of mestizaje was about the whitening of the population, away from Indigeneity, and to what degree it was really about celebrating racial mixtures. This reminds me of questions within Black eugenic thought of the early 20th century, with authors such as Pauline Hopkins celebrating racially mixed people/characters as the "highest" types (though she does have some non-mixed eugenically superior Black characters as well).

    1. Within and between these increasingly structured domains, ‘memory agents’ and remembering agency can

      Reminds me of non-profitization- taking away the radical aspects from this work. But also, how do you fund it/compensate people for their time? Much to think about.

    1. JO UOTFEULIO

      The Cycle of Oppression reminds me of the cycle of poverty. I think that in this reading they are explained similarly and I believe that they are in fact related. The cycle of poverty is created by unfair discrimination, which has been impacting people for generations just like oppression.

    1. These are the asterisked histories of slavery, of property, of thingification, and their afterlives. I can’t help but see that word “risk” in “asterisk.” And to link that risk and those asterisked histories to the seas and to the beginnings of the insurance trade subtended by a trade in Africans.

      this reminds me of the reading we did about how extinction is a dangerous word but now I am also thinking about afterlives that are not extinctions but become thingifcations... and that's relationship to the cycle of consumption / that is consuming and eating up histories in context of insurable risk/ which is to say: say the history of slavery and genocide and "extinctions" , the deaths acquired through these historical processes are being viewed in terms of life insurance-- let them happen/ protect against death- and maybe you'll receive cashback

    1. As homework, students were tasked with identifying and explaining in writing another example of heteronormativity they encoun-tered that day. When the students returned to class, they were surprised and generally indignant about their dis-coveries, responses similar to those they’d had while looking at the advertisements. One student talked about the heteronormative organization of the chil-dren’s clothing section at Target. Another furiously waved her phone where she had saved an article from social media that listed TV shows recommended for “girls.” A third student was up in arms about another teacher’s heteronormative comments about middle school students’ interests

      I'm glad that this was brought up as a homework assignment because once you are aware of WHAT heteronormativity is, you see it everywhere. I like how the third student talked about how another teacher's behaviors/comments were listed as an example of "gendering" or pushing heteronormativity when it comes to students' interests. It kind of hits close to home where I'm from in southern West Virginia because there have been some teacher comments that are questionable, especially if a dude says that they are not a fan of sports. It also reminds me how a lot of dudes don't know how to cook - and I personally know guys who have told me this - because it was taught to them that cooking was something that women did, not men. That was not taught in my family, so I thought it was so odd

  5. data-ethics.jonreeve.com data-ethics.jonreeve.com
    1. establising

      This reminds me of the Silicon Valley buzz word "disruption." Part of the mythology of Big Data is that it will disrupt (rather than value) the ways of approaching reality/challenges/communities/scholarship that have come before.

    1. the journalist yearned to be accepted among the local educated eliteand viewed Candomblé as an outdated practice, incompatible with“progressivethinking”(Graden 1998: 59).

      this reminds me of the discussion we had about how histories are constructed

    1. you look like an iron stove, dressed all in black with atop hat—your eyes glow like coals in a dying fire—and your face is awhite spot, like ashes

      Perhaps it is just the personification of household appliances, but this bit reminds me a lot of Caroline or Change, whose cast includes a washing machine and a dryer. Interestingly, that musical also deals with a woman's unraveling mental state, although it does not share the same sexual themes and plot.

    1. indictments of assimilation to a white feminist agenda

      This reminds me of "The Combahee River Collective Statement" made in 1977.

      Black feminists found difficulty challenging sexism within the leadership of the Civil Rights movement, and pretty much forced to choose a side (fight racism or sexism). They found it difficult to relate to white feminism which did not have an intersectional lens (and still have that issue).

    1. What dread hand? & what dread feet?

      Throughout the poem there is a lot of emphasis on tangible, concrete things, especially the body. It reminds me (a little) of Frankenstein, the emphasis on creation and fear and beauty.

    1. Why were the police there? Why did the police use force? And why this force? Who is responsible?

      this reminds me of how even though there really isn't police on USC campus, i believe there used to be (or maybe still is) a time where some DPS carried weapons

    1. This is why sexual work is still one ofthe main occupations for women and prostitution under-lines every sexual encounter.

      this also reminds me of how men are deemed as the most sexual beings, glorify sex so much, and are the very first people to ever seek it out (even if they have to forcefully take it from someone) but they're the very first ones to have something to say about sex work

    2. The same

      this entire paragraph reminds me of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's quote of how women aren't allowed to and aren't supposed to be sexual beings in the way that men are because then it makes them a slut or a whore

    1. Many

      this reminds me of the same perspective i used to have. housework didn't seem like an important thing to me really but when my little brother was born, i saw the amount of work it takes to be a caretaker and a mom. i then realized this is a lot more labor and also then, the pandemic put more emphasis on house work

  6. blogs.baruch.cuny.edu blogs.baruch.cuny.edu
    1. eace comes dropping slow,

      This is what's great about poetry, because in this case, the author mentions that he 'shall have peace there", and it will come slowly. To me, this reminds me of the why many of us seek nature for peace. Living our daily lives as busy as we do, it may take a minute to actually feel that peace. Also, I can't emphasize enough just how much this reminds of Walden by Thoreau.

    1. Their Beef here is very well tasted, and good, unless when Guinea Hen weed rises in the Savannas, which is immediately after Rains, or when they are so parch’d that Cattle can find nothing else to feed on, this having a very deep Root, and being then green.

      The dutiful calculation of all the things that they offer is so interesting and it reminds me so much of the other reading we had to do this weekend. I can't stop thinking about the danger of the word "extinction" and how by using it, it's easy to place the problem in the past as something settled and gone. But also the sentiment that.colonization and the colonized can never really be extinct because the effects and the current understanding of different species and the land stemmed from colonization among other reasons

    2. flesh’d

      Reminds me that at start of the book, extensive remarks were made about the abundance of sun and light that gives great produces that are not white and tender--it seems this standard carries over to visual aspects of judging produce in the new world, and in a way, materializes and transforms things into commodities and to be seen only as that, rather than their actual usefulness and relationship to the people living off of them.

    3. the West-Indies, &c. one shall meet with Words, and Names of Things, one has no Notion or Conception of:

      This reminds me of what I read elsewhere about Saussure and structuralism in linguistics: that language and words often create the realities we share. In a way, the perspective and perception of the people that were annihilated by colonists now perceive the world like the colonists, yet are constantly forced out of that perception by that same category of language and perception of reality (Bentham's Principle of Utility breaks down here?). The more personal connections that were supposedly there before aren't present, or, extinct, in a way.

  7. blogs.baruch.cuny.edu blogs.baruch.cuny.edu
    1. 3. Jennifer Lopez's #InTheMorningChallenge

      Jennifer Lopez's dance challenge reminds me a bit of what Drake uses to promote his brand. Drake released a video for his song "Toosie Slide" which featured dance moves he had specifically worked on with the intention of going viral. He enlisted the help of several influential people to post videos of them dancing along to the song which resulted in the dance going viral on TikTok which only further promoted his music and brand. Jennifer Lopez and Drake are great examples of talented musicians who are also great digital marketers.

    1. Resting on their wings, she saw them all gather: loons, otters, swans, beavers, fish of all kinds. A great turtle floated in their midst and offered his back for he

      I think this shows the uniqueness of earth, that although there is a lot wrong with it, people are always willing to help one another. The famous saying, 'it takes a village to raise a child', reminds me of this scene because every animal had come together to hold her above the water so that she wouldn't drown. Moreover, unity creates bonds stronger than most forces, and the togetherness present in this scene represents the new worlds hope that was previously hinted at.

    Annotators

    1. The defining narrative of our online moment concerns the decline of text, and the exploding reach and power of audio and video.

      This reminds me that our generation’s attention spans are very low, and maybe that is why.

    1. One study from Duke University estimated that habits, rather than conscious decision-making, shape 45 percent of the choices we make every day

      reminds me of the discussion around choice architecture

  8. Jan 2022
    1. “ … Coldest … on earth,” was all I heard. My pencil etched shaggy marks as my shaking hands attempted to write something in the 20 seconds remaining.

      this reminds me of the geography bee

    1. I like to call myself and be called fat

      right off the rip, this reminds me of how black people prefer to be called black instead of African American (simply because not all black people are African) and I think it's the same idea with fatness - not everyone is unhealthily heavy set so I think the term 'fat' is more simplified to fit those who fit the spectrum of fatness

    1. asteland and an impenetrable barrier to cultural exchange between black and whit

      Did this have advantages to a certain extent? It reminds me how past people called an icy terrain Greenland and a bountiful terrain Iceland though there to deter people from coming to exploit Greenland of its fruits.

    1. The Saharan texts, however, have been rarely subjected to systematic recording and publication.17 In the absence of any bilingual texts, the translation of Saharan inscriptions is extremely difficult.

      This reminds me of Essi Catherine comment in which she said that African texts should be preserved by writing them down in comparison to oral history. I wonder how many stories, identities, and lives we have lost because we have not recorded them.

    1. It has long been suggested that Nilo-Saharan languages might correlate with barbed bone points, the so-called "Aqualithic" (35). Fig. 3 superimposes the sites of known barbed bone points on a map of current Nilo-Saharan languages, showing a remark able similarity in spatial distribution, and also a notable corre spondence with Holocene distribution of large aquatic species

      It is very interesting how language interacts with our surroundings. This reminds me of the Hmong who use whistles in their speech.

      https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170525-the-people-who-speak-in-whistles#:~:text=In%20reality%2C%20the%20enchanting%20melody,to%20each%20in%20their%20forest.

    1. Each word had a particular sign, a species of mark; the last were very complicated

      This reminds me of the episode on memory from the Netflix doc. 'The Mind, Explained" where they describe how memory competitors practice by taking numbers and converts them to narratives while using a 'memory palace' to sequence the events which helps them remember the very long lists of numbers.

    1. They tagged the posts #BOO and linked to a website that sold a product called Black Oxygen Organics.

      This reminds me of the required social media posts that LuLaRoe representatives had to make in order to show off their products. They would post pictures of themselves, their children, the nice cars that they were able to buy, and parties that they hosted, promoting an "affluent" and glamorized lifestyle that they would attribute to their work with LuLaRoe. I highly recommend the Amazon Prime documentary "LuLaRich" for anyone who is interested in examining misinformation in MLMs.

    2. But unlike people in her new BOO Facebook group who posted miraculous testimonials of cured diseases, weight loss, clearer skin, whiter teeth, regrown hair, reclaimed energy, expelled worms and even changes in eye color (from brown to blue), Wong didn’t feel like any toxins were leaving her body. In fact, she started having stomach pains. 

      This reminds me of how people were trying to use Ivermectin, an anti-parastic drug, in lieu of getting the COVID-19 vaccine and were getting very sick or even dying because they were overdosing on it to prevent something that the drug wasn't intended to be used for. Also, it's impossible to "naturally" change your eye color. Sure, you can have surgery or wear contacts, but drinking a supplement can't change your genetics. Additionally, praising the change of your eye color from brown to blue reeks of European white-washed beauty standards, so that's an issue in its own right.

    3. “the end product and smallest particle of the decomposition of ancient, organic matter.” 

      This description ought to raise a few questions. I specifically want to know what is considered "ancient, organic matter". The entire statement reminds me of a sentence that someone would use to try and woo you with simple, but alluring, words. That aside, I can see why others would think this product sounds exciting. They definitely want to use as many words and phrases as possible to explain what dirt is without calling it 'dirt' directly.

    1. And if that en­tity shares human val­ues, it can allow human val­ues to flour­ish un­con­strained by nat­ural law. I re­al­ize that sounds like hubris – it cer­tainly did to Hur­lock – but I think it’s the op­po­site of hubris, or at least a hubris-​minimizing po­si­tion. To ex­pect God to care about you or your per­sonal val­ues or the val­ues of your civ­i­liza­tion, that’s hubris. To ex­pect God to bar­gain with you, to allow you to sur­vive and pros­per as long as you sub­mit to Him, that’s hubris. To ex­pect to wall off a gar­den where God can’t get to you and hurt you, that’s hubris. To ex­pect to be able to re­move God from the pic­ture en­tirely… well, at least it’s an ac­tion­able strat­egy. I am a tran­shu­man­ist be­cause I do not have enough hubris not to try to kill God.

      I get the argument ... and I don't agree with it.

      Aside: i would love some editing on these posts. It reminds me of that aphorism: "sorry this letter is so long, i didn't have the time to make it short"

    1. BIPOC care about conservation, we want to be involved in creating a better natural world for future generations. We shouldn’t each feel like the reason to persist is ‘because who else will if I don’t’. We want to be embraced for our contributions and our perspectives

      This internal fight to leave or to commit reminds me of the by-stander effect. BIPOC face their history and nature being threatened, but there's the internal conflict of whether its worth the fight. Not if it matters- but if its worth putting ones lifetime into. With all the pain, money, time, discrimination, and racism faced, is it worth it? In the end, it always go back to the individual when it comes to the perseverance while participating in conservation. But the prize with the perseverance, is their own unique perspective and culture brought into their work community and field.

    2. When BIPOC are threatened for simply being outside, we cannot say that the field of conservation welcomes diversity. Indeed, evidence of failures to make conservation inclusive abound

      Its ironic that in an organization that values diversity so highly, there can be such ignorance of diversity. It just reminds me of our contradictory nature as people.

    1. We are constantly surrounded by images and texts that are supposed to trigger reactions. Hall stated that “We must recognize that the discursive form of the message has a privileged position in the communicative exchange… and that the moments of ‘encoding’ and ‘decoding,’ though only ‘relatively autonomous’ in relation to the communicative process as a whole, are determinate moments” (Hall, 1973). Hall argues that though media is encoding with one meaning, each one of us interacts with our media in different ways.

      This reminds me of a theory I came across while reading Dan Ariely's 'Predictably Irrational'. "We are constantly surrounded by images and texts that are supposed to trigger reactions." -- The human brain is irrational in nature, and is subject to the natural phenomena of ‘imprinting’ which implies that our first impression or perception of a certain object or entity (which Ariely refers to as an anchor) has the power to influence future decisions we make relating to that object or entity. In terms of markets and prices for example, although initial prices we pay or are subject to are arbitrary in nature, they shape present and future prices and decisions because they become established anchors in the minds of consumers. Similarly, a message promoted by Colgate in its advertisement for toothpaste, is bound to influence the way we decode every other advertisement about toothpaste in relation to it. This phenomena, called the "Arbitrary Coherence Theory" is therefore actually the root cause of the disparity in encoding and decoding messages, and can be applied to everything from a fiction book, to a ted-talk about success. We never view anything in absolute, and therefore it is impossible to decode a message someone is delivering to us in absolute terms too.

    1. In your text, treat Africa as if it were one country. It is hot and dusty with rolling grasslands and huge herds of animals and tall, thin people who are starving

      This reminds me of the discussion we had in class last week about preconceptions on the Sahara. The fact in this age of modernization, technology and internet, many people still think of Africa as a country, of Africans as people living the jungle, with animals (I have friends who have been asked this), or of the Sahara as no man's land shows how powerful historical accounts can be and how important it is then to be as accurate as possible.

    1. Social capital can be conceived of as an asset that arises from and enables the use of networks existing in a community in such a way that norms of trust and reciprocity are promoted.C166

      reminds me of utility coins from crypto networks that facilitate the usage of the network

    1. Cosmopolitan localism fosters a global network of mutually supportive communities (neighbourhoods, villages, towns, cities and regions) who share and exchange knowledge, ideas, skills, technology, culture and (where socially and ecologically sustainable) resources.

      reminds me of the agora

    1. Even if a text is above a student’s reading level, that doesn’t mean it’s above their comprehension level.

      This idea reminds me of the Chapter 2 presentation I did for Reading Strategies of Math Textbooks. This article says "If the text is above the students' reading level..." My presentation basically said you can count on the Math textbook being above their reading level because a math textbook is formatted differently than any other book. A math textbook is not easy reading.

      Similarly, to the idea of math teachers need to think aloud for solving problems, math teachers should read aloud the reading techniques so students can practice better habits on their own.

    1. For example, consider the linear system in Example 1.2.3 x+3y+6z=252x+7y+14z=582y+5z=19x+3y+6z=252x+7y+14z=582y+5z=19\begin{array}{c} x+3y+6z=25 \\ 2x+7y+14z=58 \\ 2y+5z=19 \end{array}\nonumber This system can be written as an augmented matrix, as follows ⎡⎣⎢⎢1203726145255819⎤⎦⎥⎥

      This reminds me of my other stem classes when I have multiple unknown variables and I had to put them into the calculator to get i,j, and k. I never knew how the process worked until reading it.

    1. How can 'mere' matter, properly configured, manage to be conscious? Are chimpanzees or elephants conscious? Can a computer be conscious?

      This reminds me of Godel, Escher, Bach.

    1. Applied anthropologists are employed outside of academic settings, in both the public and private sectors, including business or consulting firms, advertising companies, city government, law enforcement, the medical field, nongovernmental organizations, and even the military

      reminds me a little of sociology

    2. A cultural anthropologist studying marriage in a small village in India might consider local gender norms, existing family networks, laws regarding marriage, religious rules, and economic requisites in order to understand the particular meanings of marriage in that context

      this reminds me of the cultural anthropology course here at Berg and the focus on how to approach different cultures in different parts of the world

    1. building a model, reflect-ing on it, debugging and sharing.

      This reminds me of Dine College's Educational Philosophy with is Sa'ah Naaghai Bik'eh Hozhoo which has to do with thinking or goal setting, planning or plan ahead, living or have a satisfactoring academic progress and finally assuring or preparing for future success.

      This philosophy has helped me with my educational journey, because I have always followed this outline when I first enrolled with Navajo Technical University back in the Fall of 2015.

    1. The strikes made have only a distant relation to the set-up in the rest of the world.

      here, Jastrow offfers that experimental pyschology does not represent real life scenarios and as such is not an indicator of efficacy. he goes on to mention that having measurable outcomes does not necessarily make it significant. this reminds me of Kant's position about science and psychology, that science is not needed to study mental states,and neither could it be measured by mathematics.

  9. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. But the favorites of a tyrant can never feel entirely secure,and the less so because he has learned from them that he is allpowerful and unlimited by any law or obligation. Thus it becomeshis wont to consider his own will as reason enough, and to be master of all with never a compeer

      In just a moment, a tyrant could kill or get ride of their close adviser, even if they were useful, such as Hitler's Night of the Long Knives. It also reminds me of Trump constantly turning over personnel in his White House as his temper and mood shifted constantly, threatening those who even still aligned with him.

    2. hose who anticipate as a reward for their suffering the maintenance of their freedom, or those who cannot expect any other prize for the blows exchanged than the enslavement of others?

      This hypothetical and somewhat metaphoric question reminds me of the American civil war, a much more literal example of one group fighting for freedom, in this case slaves in the South. The Union fighting for the freedom of slaves defeated the Confederacy fighting to maintain the enslavement of others, providing an answer to Boétie's question.

    1. I've finished [[read]]ing [[Clarice Lispector]]'s [[Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres]].

      This reminds me that I only learnt 1-2w ago that Clarice Lispector wrote in Portuguese -- my partner told me. I've never read anything by her, but I was surprised about how little I know about her. I intend to correct this -- what's a good place to start, if you have one off the top of your head?

    1. Concepts are not "psychical formations" at all; if we psychologise them, we discover only their substitutes in consciousness, spoken or written words, accompanied by a vague and indeterminate feeling.[27] Judgments, in the same way, belong to logic, and not primarily to psychology; logic and psychology approximate only as a result of the parallel growth, long continued, of conceptual thinking and its expression in language; our "conscious psychological [p. 116] processes" consist originally of nothing more than ideas and their connections.[28]

      This reminds me of the human-animal experiments that was briefly stated above. This could be the start of the need to understand people in their thoughts and actions. Having the basic knowledge that things in life can change over time and that applies to the intellectual basis within psychology.

    1. " Cultural Imperialism involves the universalization of a dominant group's experience and culture, and its establishment as the norm."

      This quote reminds me of something I see quite often on social media: nose jobs. Nose jobs are very common present day among young girls. They feel uncomfortable embracing their ethnic noses and feel the need to have them redone to look like more like a "European" nose( nose with a narrow bridge). European noses are the "norm".

    2. Someone who does not see a pane of glass does not know that he does not see d. Someone who, being placed differently, does see it does not know the other does not see it.

      I love the beginning of this, it reminds me of the color of the sky argument. If someone says the sky is red, but you see the sky as blue, how can you tell them what they are seeing is wrong? For you may be seeing blue, but you can not look through their eyes, so you can not say what they are seeing is incorrect, only that you do not see the same color that they are seeing. But then it gets even trickier, because we do not know if their red is your blue or vice versa. It's a complicated thought that circles around perspective, something that I think is not only profound but also intricately important to all arguments and matters of discussion. A change or understanding in one's perspective is the difference between peace and war, and it's understanding all sides of a situation that allow us to begin to comprehend why anyone would view oppression as an acceptable way to treat another human being.

    3. . A social group is defined not pri­marily by a set of shared attributes, but by a sense of identity. What defines Black Americans as a social group is not primarily their skin color; some per­sons whose skin coior is fairly light, for example, identify themselves as Black. Though sometimes objective attributes are a necessary condition for classify­ing oneself or others as belonging to a certain social group, it is identification with a certain social status, the common histor y that social status produces, and self-identification that define the group as a group.

      This is a great example and reminds me of the concept of being transracial. As there was a White women who identified as Black, which some would feel is wrong, but this causes me to think she may have felt she aligned with the Black community socially.

    1. "reminds Father of the open-air markets in Mexico"

      I happen to have been to a spanish open-air market. The vendors tried to jack up the price because they thought I was a "estúpido turista gringo". They gave me a discount when I replied to them in Spanish.

      Setting; Maxwell Street, open air market Created via smells, sights, and sounds. Takes place in past, author still young.

      Narrator is author, but main character is Father. Important event is father trying to haggle for shoes.

      Conflict, father can't haggle right, climax, pays too much for shoe.

      Lots of imagery, the church, the street, the shoes, etc.

    1. "lost so many children to death and residential schoo in The Pas" ( 92).

      • reminds me of the unmarked graves found in Canada. An indigenous nation in Canada says it has found 751 unmarked graves at the site of a former residential school in Saskatchewan. It comes weeks after the remains of 215 children were found at a similar residential school in British Columbia.
      • What are residential schools?
      • Between 1863 and 1998, more than 150,000 indigenous children were taken from their families and placed in these schools throughout Canada.
      • The children were often not allowed to speak their language or to practice their culture, and many were mistreated and abused.
    2. B2 Science is folkflore

      • i don't agree with this statement
      • especially because science is being attacked everyday through the debate of climate change
      • Science IS a true but sometimes the way it communicated to the public is flawed. Example the CDC with so many changes, people lose trust in the way it's communicated

        "immense knowledge and factual proof of many scientific theories does not extist"(30).

      • reminds me of the little high school argument between a biology teacher and a christian girl

      • this is very true, bering straight and big bang theory taught as fact when they are theory

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. unless they read watered down or distorted versions about it in university political science and history courses.

      This here reminds me of how the media and news outlets portray the same crime committed by two different races. In the media when a white man commits a crime such as for example, selling drugs, the headline makes them appear to be innocent or even the photo used is a good photo of them, showing them in a guiltless light. On the other hand whenever we read about a POC in the news for committing a crime they are immediately painted as the guilty, dangerous criminal with a mugshot with a rude and stereotypical headline. This specific part in the reading bothered me a bit because it triggered how things we learn or read about are or can be (for lack of a better word) bullcrap.

    1. But sometimes the prodigy in me became impatient. "If you don't hurry up and get me out of here, I'm disappearing for good," it warned. “And then you'll always be nothing."

      The "little voice" inside her head negatively reminds her of what she can and cant do.

    1. begged Castillo to go and attend to a man who had been wounded, as well as to others that were sick and among whom, they said, was one on the point of death.

      This part reminds me of the Bible. Particularly the gospel of Mark when Jairus' begged Jesus to cure his sick daughter.

    1. For she is caught somewhere between accepting society's view of her - in which case she cannot accept herself -and coming to understand what this sexist society has done to her and why it is functional and nec-essary for it to do so.

      reminds me a lot of the toxic body positivity and self love movement

    1. les lettres que je reçois des Services adaptés en rendent plusieurs visibles

      Most of us have received those letters, indicating that some learners will require special accommodations. And students learn to fit the description. Reminds me of those learners in my classes who expressed surprise at obtaining a high grade on an assignment.

      For instance, a musician in my ethnomusicology course, back in 2006, came to me with something of a complaint:

      You gave me an A on this assignment!

      Right. What's the problem?

      I have a learning disability!

      Erm... Not in my course, you don't! ;-)

      Students like this musician had done exactly the work required to fulfill the requirements... which didn't match expected requirements (which are overwhelmingly scriptocentric).

      Conversely, some learners assume they'll always get good grades ("I'm an A student!"), typically because their writing style matches academic expectations.

      Surely, there's research on this labelling effect. Now, I'm not saying that it's the only effect coming from these letters (or from "dean's lists"). Accommodations can be particularly important in courses where there's a pressure to perform in a certain way. And it sounds like grade-based rewards are important in several social systems. I'm merely thinking of links between Howie Becker's best-known book and his unsung work.

    1. As a cultural practice, male ho mo sex u al ity involves a charac-teristic way of receiving, reinterpreting, and reusing mainstream cul-ture, of decoding and recoding the heterosexual or heteronormative meanings already encoded in that culture, so that they come to func-tion as vehicles of gay or queer meaning.

      This quote reminds me of José Esteban Muñoz's term "disidentification". The phrase refers to the negotiation of majority culture in a way that is not necessarily with or against certain works, but rather transforming these works for their own cultural purpose. Later in the passage, it mentions a bunch of people who have become "queer icons" and creating a stereotype of what gayness is. I'm interested in thinking about how this might lead to a greater need to disidentify more often?

    1. the media is also pushing the madness

      Another claim. The author had no clear thesis, so it's odd to see so many claims popping up out of no where. It reminds me of my timed write, except I wrote it in 40 minutes.

    1. Egypt of the pharaohs was a Bronze Age civilization as was the Babylonian empire.

      This reminds me of when Joseph became 2nd in power to the emperor and he framed his little brother into stealing the bronze chalice to see how the brothers would react before revealing his identity

    1. If some contemporary observers are to be believed, the court provided leadership only in vi

      I have done some personal research into certain members of the Este family and can see where this sort of ideology might stem from; it reminds me of a Ferrarese saying/ children's rhyme (scholars have said both) that was popular in Ferrara during the rule of Niccolo III d' Este. Roughly translated, the rhyme goes "On both sides of the River Po are the sons of Niccolo."

    Annotators

    1. If anything, the city is oversaturated with scenes of IT work and workers.

      Haha, also reminds me of a saying by PUC teacher used, "If you throw a stone anywhere in Blore, it will either hit a dog or an engineer"

    2. The ghost-worker trope has been incredibly effective in drawing attention to a growing industry of data workers in the Global South, highlighting their centrality to the development of cutting-edge AI across the world.

      Reminds me of Facebook's content moderators plight for lack of mental health support from the organization.

    1. The first argument to the function is the name of the custom property to be substituted. The second argument to the function, if provided, is a fallback value, which is used as the substitution value when the referenced custom property is invalid.

      Reminds me of the IF function in Excel. Only that as per the next sentence, this only takes into consideration 2 parameters.

      Later on, it is stated that using a custom variable as one of the parameters can provide more than 1 fallback option, but with a cost in performance.

      I cannot but wonder if the two concepts could be merged for performance gains.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. It isn’t what a writer says that matters, it’s what a writer is

      Reminds me of maxims such as,

      • writing as reflection, as refining clarity of thought
      • And in Arendt's book, the performance of an action as the highest benchmark for excellence. Just being.
    1. We are entering the 'me' generation.

      This reminds me of something I'v read about recently that commented on the link between individualization/atomization and globalization. It is certainly undeniable that individualism is a characteristic of the modern age

    2. Prior to the re-branding of coffee, this aspect of price was largely invisible to the ordinary consumer. The roasters managed a mix that offset these pricing differentials to produce coffee of the lowest common denominator (Roseberry 1996: 766). Place was not important to the consumer at this time.

      this sentence stood out to me because it reminds me of how the re-branding of coffee is quite similar to branding of other farm products like rice, oranges, avocados, apples etc. Most of the time we, as consumers don't really think about where a product came from or whose labor was put into it. Which company employed these people? Are they paid, or underpaid? Are we buying locally? But, I recognize as well how there is a slow shift into paying more attention to these kind of mindset especially in this generation.

    3. Coffees offer us a way to look at our relationship to the larger world and see that sometimes our choices are not really our own, to think about how brands and larger market forces can help create what appear to be stable icons in our lives.

      This reminds me of how influential personalized ads are. These ads are created from social media use, google searches, and even through microphones in our phones and computers. Just as how coffee has become normalized in our society, the internet, and increased globalization influence how people think and act even if they don't notice it. Large brands and companies are able to influence our daily lives and that has become normalized just like the afternoon cup of coffee.

    4. The vision was a type of coffee to appeal to every person, including flavored coffees for the "soft drink generation."

      This reminds me of the tobacco industry in the modern-day. The use of cigarettes and tobacco has been declining for decades because of scientific research and campaigns to end smoking. The tobacco industry had to find a way to appeal to the younger generation who viewed smoking as "gross" and for older people. As a result, they started to make vapes with flavors to appeal to the younger generation.

    1. “There was a wave of concern, but then it cooled,

      This reminds me of how concern over social issues problems eventually fades away at a rate of time. It might be trending on twitter for a whole month but by the next month or so, its reach have gone down terribly and so most of the problems aren't solved, as problems cannot be solve in a matter of month or so. It is frustrating confronting so much power without resources, safety nets to back them up once they get screwed over, and little support from other nations and people as well. How then can we solve these problems? How deep rooted in the system are the causes of these problems?

    2. Last year, Brazil’s labor court held the clothing company Zara responsible when a subcontractor employed slave labor at a Brazilian factory.

      This reminds me of how lots of teenagers in the US have begun shopping from extraordinarily cheap online retailers like Shein, Romwe, Zara, and more. These clothing shops offer too-good-to-be-true prices, like tops for $5-10 and jeans for $15-20. Their prices may be affordable, but it's due to the fact that these retailers source their products from slave labor, poor worker conditions, and cheap material that creates tons of waste. When we, as American teens, choose to shop from these sellers, we are indirectly supporting these exploitive companies and benefiting from their free labor. Moreover, globalization is related to this because the products we buy are most often outsourced from other countries and impact their people, as well.

    3. You go there seeking a living wage and can end up in a coffin

      This reminds me of the paradox of the globalized world that was mentioned in the readings. The reading discussed how globalization often entails the spread of western ideas, but that western morals don't always transfer as well. Some countries have been able to greatly economically benefit from globalization without supporting human rights. This passage in the text highlights companies with poor working conditions that would not be tolerated in a western world. They are however, still benefitting in their own way from globalization.

    1. When the only lever developers can pull is the time players invest in the game, using game design that depended on leveraging money doesn't work as well, requiring a more thorough redesign than simply putting the ability to play more in the places where premium currency was supposed to be.

      This reminds me of online education, where trying to just port over the traditional curriculum and activities usually works poorly, and almost never works well.

    1. his body was found unaffected by decay, and carried away home to be buried. And on the twelfth day, as he was lying on the funeral pile, he returned to life and told them what he had seen in the other world.

      This whole myth, especially this part reminds me of Jesus' resurrection in the Christian religion.

    1. Every one of them, in short, constantly dwelling on wants, avidity, oppression, desires and pride, has transferred to the state of nature ideas which were acquired in society;

      This concept reminds me of how humans often are constantly striving for more, no matter what they have. But I never thought much about how it could lead to inequality when these ideas of wanting more for yourself are brought into society.

    1. The physical reality of packed switched routing, the awkward unlikely miracle of a bunch of computers – rocks we flattened and jammed lightning into – talking to each other. Interacting.

      This is a version of talking rocks in a whole different manner, but it reminds me of the book title The Pattern on the Stone about digital communications.

    1. The unfolded “mailer” showcases the particular bending, wear, and tear on prints as they travel from one destination to another, bearing singular traces of human touch. Tangible markers, like abstract patterns produced by the colorful tape holding folded images together, signify intimacy and personalization. There’s a sense that this piece of mail can’t or won’t be duplicated, that it’s bound for only one mailbox: yours.

      Reminds me when I wanted to mail postcards if art, but scratch lines into the image where it looked like the post office scratched those lines en route. But the lines would suspiciously be in exact strategic spots in the card. Eg marking a mustache on a portrait.

    1. We found that companies have often risked creating a “tragedy of the commons” when they put their short-term, individual self-interests ahead of the good of the consuming public or the industry overall, and, in the long term, destroy the environment that made them successful in the first place.

      This reminds me of the business slogan "the customer is always right", even when they are not because they make your company successful. You wouldn't want to lose the people that helped make your company successful to begin with. Pertaining to social media, people are starting to realize the negative effects of it and see that nothing is being done about it. People will soon not want to participate.

    1. His release strategy is based on spontaneity and immediacy rather than the deliberation and calculation of major label-style marketing and promotion; his mentality is pro-digital media and anti-middleman: “If I record the song right now, I can drop it on YouTube right now, and I’m going to get paid for it,” he says.

      reminds me of Buterin's anti publishing house thing.

    1. An unwavering rule-driven approach to writ-ing often causes more difficulties than it solves

      Rigid writing rules can block creativity and the natural flow of our mental processes which eventually becomes written material. This reminds me of what the author previously mentions- that a well known writing tip is to not make revisions of your first draft while writing it.

    1. Writing that is truly democratic values all languages and identities

      This reminds me of an episode of the Saved By the Bell reboot where a character who is a Dominicana tries to speak Spanish in Spanish class, and her (white) Spanish teacher tells her that the way that she's speaking it is "wrong," even though it's not "wrong," it's just different than the way that Spanish speakers from Spain would say it.

      (This is a good annotation because it makes a relevant connection to the course material from outside of the class to extend the point and make it more concrete. It would be great to also include a link to the clip if you have one!)

    1. Public education is also an enormous source of employment

      I can very much see how public education is a big source of employment since education provides knowledge and experience to individuals. More specifically, education leads to more job opportunities that a person who does not have educational experiences cannot acquire, especially since most companies look for employers who have experience and are capable of comprehending what their roles are. This reminds me of how in my other classes, IQ is shown to be very important because it shows how people are capable of picking things up quickly and how critically they think when it comes to being a good worker.

    2. the amount of taxes, not on their legitimacy

      This reminds me of the debates about student loan debts. I understand that it's not the same situation, but do you think this logic would still be able to sway those against canceling (or at least working towards minimizing) student loan debts (for the better of the community, even if they've already paid off their taxes, don't have any, etc)?

    1. But it illustrated a partial reversal of the centralizing impulse of the turn-of-the-century school system.

      It reminds me that all successes are not accidental. There are countless people who work for segregation. They may fight for the next generation because that is the hope.

    1. Yahweh saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of man’s heart was continually only evil.

      This reminds me of a similar message in the movie, "Mother" that we just watched. There was a lot of wickedness and people doing wrong, when all that he wanted to see was love.

    1. Author Response

      Reviewer #1 (Public Review):

      The authors report the discovery of a new bacterium, termed HS-3, that displays a novel form of multicellularity consisting of long filamentous structures tightly packed into a two-dimensional structure with characteristics reminiscent of liquid crystals. Motivated by the occasional immersion of the bacterial structures in water due to flooding in their cave environment, laboratory immersion is found to disrupt these structures, which can transform into clusters of coccobacillus daughter cells released by contact with water.

      As a discovery, this paper will certainly trigger great interest in this bacterium for these unusual properties. In particular biophysicists studying active matter will be fascinated by the liquid crystalline order and topological defects, which are reminiscent of those in motor/microtubule systems studied recently. The observations of filamentous forms reminds me of the work of Mendelson many years ago on a mutant of B. subtilis that fails to separate daughter colonies after division, leading to growing filaments. But those were not in a colonial form seen here.

      The paper is, however, rather descriptive, without much physical quantification of the biophysical properties. More importantly, the presentation does not make contact with much recent (and not-so-recent) work on the problem of understanding evolutionary driving forces toward multicellularity, particularly as seen in green algae and choanoflagellates.

      We introduced a series of works in the Introduction, Discussion, and Figure 1, in terms of arguments of how single cell organisms could self-organize and sustain the cells in a certain order in the evolutionary process towards multicellularity. Together with the consideration about environmental settings in the cave as an ‘Ecological scaffolding’ and the liquid crystal-like self-organization, the finding of HS-3 was properly contextualized as a new example of multicellularity. As seen in Mendelson’s pioneering work, as well as in recent works on the field of applied hydrodynamics in biology, bacteria have potential to self-organize their cells. However, as far as we know, there is no extant species that clearly shows a relation between liquid crystal phenomenon and the origin of multicellularity. We think the features of HS-3 that we report would serve as an attractive model of bacterial multicellularity useful for future studies including physical analysis and theoretical study.

      Reviewer #2 (Public Review):

      I thought this was a very cool example of bacterial multicellularity, with the description of a newly discovered bacterium that forms a sort of simply differentiated colony- a sheet of cells which then develops to contain a large bolus of small, coccoid cells, which then release into the water column upon submergence. I wasn't totally convinced that this release was developmental, as suggested by the authors- evidence that other colonies released cells at the same time could be due to multiple colonies sharing the same biophysical basis of colony formation that is disrupted by immersion in water (diffusion of extracellular polysaccharides, or even the pressure from being underwater). However, it's notoriously difficult to rigorously test evolutionary hypotheses, and I think that the microbiology here is compelling- it's a form of bacterial multicellularity that I have never seen before.

      My largest issue with the paper is that it does a very poor job of contextualizing how the research affects our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity more broadly. This paper suggests that little is known about the ecological factors selecting for simple multicellularity, but there has actually been quite a bit of work on this topic. This list is far from exhaustive, but prior work has examined a range of selective agents that can favor simple multicellularity- these include predation (Boraas 1998, Herron 2020, Bernardes, 2021), protection from antibiotics (Smukulla 2008), cooperative metabolism (Koschwanez, 2011), dispersal (smith 2014), syntrophy (Libby and Ratcliff, 2021), resource competition (Heaton 2020), and motility / division of labor (Solari 2006). Indeed, one of the things about the evolution of multicellularity is that there is no one 'route'- there are many different reasons different lineages evolve to be multicellular

      The paper is focused around the idea that 'group life' is a hypothetical "missing link" to multicellularity (see Figure 1), but this is not an open hypothesis in the field. It's been a universally accepted fact for more than 50 years. Multicellular organisms had to have evolved from simpler social groups of cells- given their phylogenetic nesting in clades of unicellular organisms, there's no other way they could have come into existence. But there is also been a great deal of work examining simple multicellular relatives of complex multicellular lineages, most notably in the volvocine green algae, holozoans (e.g., choanoflagellates and ichthosporeans), fungi, charophyte algae leading to land plants, and red algae. There is also a body of work using experimental evolution of evolve progressively more complex multicellular lineages (e.g., snowflake yeast). My central problem with this paper is that the 'group phase' they have described is far less compelling than existing work showing a 'group phase' being ancestral to more complex lineages of multicellular organisms, particularly because this multicellular lineage is not contextualized within a clade that has ultimately evolved complex multicellularity.

      In the "recommendations for authors" section, I make suggestions for how to reframe the work to better highlight its novelty, focusing it around a) the discovery of a new form of bacterial multicellularity, and b) the possibility that this reflects ecological scaffolding, a hypothesis for how multicellular organisms could have evolved by developmentally co-opting ecologically-mediated life cycles.

      The manuscript submitted to eLife was actually a different version from the preprint version in bioRxiv, but we noted the comments were based on the preprint version. We apologize for this confusion, if we have missed some submission procedure. The term ‘group life’ has been amended in the present manuscript, and instead we used the term ‘ecological scaffolding’ at the center of the Figure 1, and we think this could correct the wrong impression that evolutionary process is ‘one-route’. We also revised the Introduction to appropriately contextualize HS-3 as a new example of multicellularity among the preceding works, together with references about physiological significance. In the Discussion, we also mentioned some experimental work on evolution including ‘snowflake yeast’ (reference 48 and 49).

      As for the comment about the release of coccoid cells, we also agree that release in water itself is not a programmed developmental process. The “crowded-out” phenomenon was seen on solid agar surface (not in water, Figure 4C), but if we consider the natural niche of HS-3, the significance of the formed structure is the capability to release coccoid cells upon the trigger of immersion in water.

    2. Reviewer #1 (Public Review):

      The authors report the discovery of a new bacterium, termed HS-3, that displays a novel form of multicellularity consisting of long filamentous structures tightly packed into a two-dimensional structure with characteristics reminiscent of liquid crystals. Motivated by the occasional immersion of the bacterial structures in water due to flooding in their cave environment, laboratory immersion is found to disrupt these structures, which can transform into clusters of coccobacillus daughter cells released by contact with water.

      As a discovery, this paper will certainly trigger great interest in this bacterium for these unusual properties. In particular biophysicists studying active matter will be fascinated by the liquid crystalline order and topological defects, which are reminiscent of those in motor/microtubule systems studied recently. The observations of filamentous forms reminds me of the work of Mendelson many years ago on a mutant of B. subtilis that fails to separate daughter colonies after division, leading to growing filaments. But those were not in a colonial form seen here.

      The paper is, however, rather descriptive, without much physical quantification of the biophysical properties. More importantly, the presentation does not make contact with much recent (and not-so-recent) work on the problem of understanding evolutionary driving forces toward multicellularity, particularly as seen in green algae and choanoflagellates.

  10. Dec 2021
    1. This book reminds me of me because I am funny. I like to joke around make funny faces and make people laugh. Yes I would recommend this book to reader’s ages 8-12 years old because it is hilarious and a good story. I think the drawings might interest the readers of this book.

      Recommendations

    1. Little by little the groups before the church dissolved. Some returned to their houses, after picking up all the news that was going; others, before departing, were for spending an hour in one of the two gathering places of the village; the curé's house or the general store

      Kind of reminds me of Little House on the Praire where the church was always a huge location for gatherings and where people always caught up with one another

    2. He had suddenly waked and put his hand out for the whip. Charles Eugene resigned himself and began to trot again. Many generations ago a Chapdelaine cherished a long feud with a neighbour who bore these names, and had forthwith bestowed them upon an old, tired, lame horse of his, that he might give himself the pleasure every day when passing the enemy's house of calling out very loudly:—"Charles Eugene, ill-favoured beast that you are! Wretched, badly brought up creature! Get along, Charles Eugene!" For a whole century the quarrel was dead and buried; but th

      This story reminds makes me think of an old man sitting at a table telling his grandchildren a old story. This is one way that history gets passed on!

    1. struggled anxiously to fake my expression, behaviour and look, because people spoke about me with such amazement and I shook for very shame and fear

      This heavily reminds me of how people stim or twitch and are ridiculed for it.

    1. You can't solve this problem by simply working every waking hour, because in many kinds of work there's a point beyond which the quality of the result will start to decline.

      Glad the author highlights this caveat. It's very easy to say "well, I'm supremely passionate about this thing, so why don't I just going to 'out work' everyone else who's also passionate about that thing?" This seems like a recipe for burnout and may result in a net loss of "work done" in the long-term.

      Reminds me of the quality line/preference curve mentioned in: https://mindingourway.com/half-assing-it-with-everything-youve-got/

    1. So I want to close this piece by generally discouraging people from "taking advice," in the sense of making a radically different decision than they would otherwise because of their interpretation of what some particular person would think they should do.

      Good caveat. Reminds me of the following idea: "Most career advice is bad because the person receiving the advice possesses almost all of the information (say, 90%) while the person giving the career advice has only a mere 10%."

    1. what wants to crumble you down, to sickenyou. I call for you

      negative connotation in the beginning, the "i call for you" has more of a positive view and reminds me of something you would hear in church when praying

    1. ?

      Annotated Bibliography #2: Exploring Immersion Schools

      While this school is a charter school, it reminds me very much of the ethnic studies program we learned about in Tucson. This school is a Spanish immersion school that focuses on Spanish-speaking youth in Albuquerque, NM. It seems to be genuine in teaching about culture as it focuses on Nahuatl culture and language as well.

    1. Trump’s allies used a distorted interpretation of the law, the Election Count Act of 1887, to try and convince Pence that he could toss out the election results during the joint session of Congress on January 6. Pence ultimately decided not to follow through with the pro-Trump interpretation, but there is still room under the statute for the House, which may well be in Republican hands in January 2025, to make plenty of mischief. So the committee is planning to issue recommendations to rewrite the law to prevent such action.

      This vaguely reminds me of the obscure use of a law to get Flynn in trouble.

    1. the chance to make a public comment on the song — let the world know what you think

      there is absolutely no value to this. It reminds me of soundcloud comments, which I found funny, but totally not necessaary or useful.

    1. When the victim or criminal is White, the media tend to use photos that paint a positive picture of the victim’s life. In the case of Black victims, however, media outlets tend to use compromising and damaging photos

      This reminds me of how white students who shoot schools are considered mentally unstable but a black individual is considered a thug.

      CI450

    1. Out on the street, the largest riot since Conscription was passed in 1944 (bringing in the draft for the final year of the Second World War) broke out along a seven-block length of Rue Ste. Catherine, featuring overturned cars, smashed windows, a shot fired from somewhere and 137 arrests.

      Reminds me almost of a cult like following

    2. Out on the street, the largest riot since Conscription was passed in 1944 (bringing in the draft for the final year of the Second World War) broke out along a seven-block length of Rue Ste. Catherine, featuring overturned cars, smashed windows, a shot fired from somewhere and 137 arrests.

      reminds me of almost a cult like following

    1. A small group of people, inside and outside this church, coordinated a divisive effort to use disinformation in order to persuade others to vote these men down as part of a broader effort to take control of this church,” David Platt,

      The irony.

      Suffering from their own formula being used against themselves. Reminds me, in smaller terms of scale obviously, of the West training and supplying al-Queda and other paramilitary bgroups (in Colombia especially) that ended up using those tactics and resources to subvert the goals of the West or at least created obstacles to their implementation. #micromacro

    1. I wonder if they are trying to have us start a war so that we finally get aid projects!

      Reminds me of aid-dependency issues everywhere: in the context of extreme poverty and hardship, attracting 'investment' into the community is a form of entrepreneurship.

      Memories of local activists being backed off moving a rubbish dump because others expect an NGO to show up and put money into the community. The romanticisation of the Local.

    1. Or else he expounds on a topic completely alien to the existential experience of the students.

      This reminds me, at least to some extent, about how many teachers will teach certain content to the students, and even if a majority of them don't understand, will continue to move on to the next content. This practice only hinders learning, because students must have the appropriate background knowledge before that can understand new material.

    1. as well as to examine issues of power as part of the production and distribution

      Issues of power as part of the production and distribution of media reminds me of the television show Succession. I'm interested to see where this paper is going on that thread of thought. Will it focus on the choices of people in positions of power (Murdoch, Zuckerburg, etc.), or the effects of that power?

    1. The mob — for by now it had become a mob — headed eastward down St. Catherine Street’s shopping district. They shattered display windows and carried away what they could. They crashed windows of banks and the post office. They terrified patrons of a restaurant and bar with the objects they flung through windows. They pulled cabbies from their taxis and beat them.

      This reminds me of present day riots. I can understand that people are upset, but why do you have to take it out on store fronts or other businesses that are apart of your own community?

    1. Numidia belonged to the ‘Punic world’, insofar asthat term designates those regions where Carthage exerted a culturalinfluence.

      This is interesting to read. it reminds me of the melting pot theory. Cultural influences from other people are constantly being brought to new regions. In this case, it was because of Massinissa.

  11. Nov 2021
    1. Daniel Cefaï insists on the variability and flexibility of these social forms, noting that some are “loosely connected universes of special interest” (Shibutani, 1955, p. 566; cited in Cefaï, 2016, p. 173), but also that they exist “only in and through communication”

      This specific diversion reminds me a lot of Reddit, as subreddits only exist based off people's mere interest, but only exist on the account of communication from the members of the subreddit's community.

    1. Crocks are, by (my) stipulative definition, rocks you (not just anyone, but you in particular) see, rocks that, therefore, you are (visually) aware of.

      This reminds me of Hrönir from Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius.

    1. As we discover, unknown unknowns become known unknowns (we become aware of new things we didn’t even know we were unaware about before) faster than known unknowns become known. So this process doesn’t even converge towards knowledge with a capital “K”. The ten thousand things simply become the ten trillion things.

      This reminds me of an old idea from Alan Watts, that the scientific lens is like a knife that cuts the world up into tinier and tinier bits to study them. Even the tiniest bit we currently have can be cut again.

    1. That is to say, the person who thinks he is hungry may actually be seeking more for comfort, or dependence, than for vitamins or proteins.

      People might be seeking to fulfill emotional needs. This reminds me of bulimia nervosa.

    1. Deloria says, ‘it is difficult to understand why Western peoples believe they are so clever. Any damn fool can treat a living thing as if it were a machine and establish conditions under which it is required to perform certain functions—all that is required is a sufficient application of brute force. The result of brute force is slavery’

      Reminds me of a quote from Kant about not treating people as a means to an end.

      "So act that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means"

    1. Many young adolescents already possess these abilities; however, as with other urban literacies, this knowledge is not typically cultivated in schools.

      This reminds me of the article "when school is not enough" and also Gholdy Muhammad's idea of teaching the 'whole child'

    1. The concerns expressed by students of Latinx, Southeast Asian, and Punjabi descent mirrored what H. Samy Alim and Django Paris describe as a “saga of cultural and linguistic assault [that] has had and continues to have devastating effects on the access, achievement, and well- being of students of color in public schools” (1). Their experiences in and out-side of school reflected indifference to adult author-ity when their agency and voice are unconsidered and overlooked.

      As an Southeast Asian, what is described as "saga of cultural and linguistic assault... devastating effects on the access, achievement, and well-being of students of color in public schools" is something I can personally relate to. As the terms sweep and dirt are described in this article, it almost reminds me of the not so little jokes/comments/etc. people would make towards students of color and the sad reality that we would not recognize as being harmful and to keep harmony we would just laugh along with them. All relating back to the feeling of voicelessness and loss of freedom, opportunity, and self as a student.

    1. : (a) the inclusion of students, faculty, and administrators of color; (b) a curriculum that reflects the historical and contemporary experiences of people of color; (c) programs to support the recruitment, retention and graduation of students of color; and (d) a college/university mission that reinforces the institution's commitment to pluralism.

      this reminds me of when I was taking the AP US History exam, when a lot of pluralism-related content was cut off from the curriculum

    1. All through October, frosty and rainy days came alternately, and meanwhile the woods were putting on a dress of unearthly loveliness. Five hundred paces from the Chapdelaine house the bank of the Peribonka fell steeply to the rapid water and the huge blocks of stone above the fall, and across the river the opposite bank rose in the fashion of a rocky amphitheatre, mounting to loftier heights-an amphitheatre trending in a vast curve to the northward.

      This reminds me of the harsh weathers described by Files du Roi prior to their arrival.

    1. These culturalsegments can be correlated withfive areas that together make up asystem of mutual vulnerability or, conversely, can become one ofmutual sustainability.

      These cultural segments can be correlated with five areas that together make up a system of mutual vulnerability or, conversely, can become one of mutual sustainability.

      Metaphysical reminds me of metaphase which is a checkpoint, alignment, realignment, arresting all previous cycles

    1. Daybreak, the sun will rise soon. It isalready May, the cherry trees are in bloom, but it is chilly.

      I find these stage directions to be very effective in creating a specific mood and climate for the characters. I prefer expressive stage directions over bare stage directions when reading a play because it helps the play "jump" off the page. These stage directions invoke a feeling that the world is changing as it becomes spring, but winter has not surrendered yet. This reminds me of the impact the theme of memory has on the play.

    2. The human race goes forward, perfecting its powers.

      I did this monologue for my BFA college auditions because it is the only "classical" monologue that genuinely spoke to me. They do not call Trofimov the "eternal student" for no reason. It is evident in this speech that he is an intelligent individual constantly searching for the truth and for answers as to why society has become the way that it is. Trofimov does not associate positivity with the orchard, and blames Russian "intellectuals" for the poor status of Russia. He is an idealist, he believes the solutions are within reach and not within reach at the same time. His curiosity reminds me of my own which is why I identify with him so much.

    3. Chop it down? My dear, forgive me, but you understandnothing. If there’s one thing in the whole province that’sinteresting, even remarkable, it’s our cherry orchard.

      I can understand as to why she wouldn't want the cherry blossom tree cut down because it's part of her family's lineage. This reminds me of a certain play, I believe it was called The Piano Lesson.

    4. Every day some new catastrophe befalls me. And I don’tcomplain, I’m used to it, I even smile.

      he's smiling through the pain which I'm guessing that this is his way of dealing with these tough obstacles that are always in his way. This sorta reminds me of people who are always making jokes/laughing every single day, it's more of a coping mechanism to mask their pain. Not everyone is going to be happy go-lucky every single day of their lives, however it's the way you react to these troubles :/

    Annotators

    1. Though firmly rooted in Renaissance culture, Knight's carefully calibrated arguments also push forward to the digital present—engaging with the modern library archives where these works were rebound and remade, and showing how the custodianship of literary artifacts shapes our canons, chronologies, and contemporary interpretative practices.

      This passage reminds me of a conversation on 2021-11-16 at Liquid Margins with Will T. Monroe (@willtmonroe) about using Sönke Ahrens' book Smart Notes and Hypothes.is as a structure for getting groups of people (compared to Ahrens' focus on a single person) to do collection, curation, and creation of open education resources (OER).

      Here Jeffrey Todd Knight sounds like he's looking at it from the perspective of one (or maybe two) creators in conjunction (curator and binder/publisher) while I'm thinking about expanding behond

      This sort of pattern can also be seen in Mortimer J. Adler's group zettelkasten used to create The Great Books of the Western World series as well in larger wiki-based efforts like Wikipedia, so it's not new, but the question is how a teacher (or other leader) can help to better organize a community of creators around making larger works from smaller pieces. Robin DeRosa's example of using OER in the classroom is another example, but there, the process sounded much more difficult and manual.

      This is the sort of piece that Vannevar Bush completely missed as a mode of creation and research in his conceptualization of the Memex. Perhaps we need the "Inventiex" as a mode of larger group means of "inventio" using these methods in a digital setting?

    1. A lot of us may have felt pressure at times to find our purpose — to find our one true cause, our personal mission, what we personally should be doing and where we fit in

      This reminds me of how pressure makes/builds diamonds so use the pressure to build yourself and to overcome adversity

    1. Toput it another way, the mother is controlling the child's definitions of his own messages, as wellas the definition of his responses to her (e.g., by saying, "You don't really mean to say that," if heshould criticize her) by insisting that she is not concerned about herself but only about him

      "Letting other people control the definition of your messages" reminds me of other patterns. Something that used to happen a lot to me in highschool: I'd argue a point, the other would misinterpret my point and argue against their misinterpretation, and I'd get bamboozled into argue for their misinterpretation of my point! This happened way more than I was happy with.

    1. You are placed in the body of a fictionalcharacter, Michael Sterling, from childhood to adulthood.

      Reminds me of Richard Linklater's "Boyhood." The idea of growing up can be so compelling.

    1. To carry buildings and streets with you afterward wherever you go,

      Reminds me of Invisible Cities. You will bring the images of the city with you forever.

    1. Students don’t know how to make proper use of its vast research options—and they aren’t asking university librarians for help.

      This reminds me of The Breakfast Club where the kids are left alone in a giant library that's overwhelming

    1. Is there a moral difference between allowing a person to die and killing that person, if the intentions behind the actions are the same?

      This reminds me of the train situation from class. Where is was more moral to kill someone or let someone die as long as you had the right intentions. In the situation I would say that they are basically the same. Your intention is to end their suffering and not to just kill them. In either case, if they some how got better or killing them failed, you would be happy for them. Both methods have the same outcomes.

    1. I am a Korean schoolgirl. I come from the village of Inchon. We are very poor in my village. One time, my teacher came over and drank soju with my father. My father said, "How many daughters must I sacrifice before you will raise the dishonor that has fallen upon my house?" My teacher said, "You only must give one, and that is little So-So." Which is me. So my father shook hands with my teacher and then my teacher took me into a little room and took my virgi

      This just made me tear up, that's just sick. very very sick. Ina a way this reminds me of tea house. Both plays were selling their children as profits.

    2. A video of Young Jean crying appears against the back wall. A traditional Korean pansori song begins. Young Jean gets hit in the face repeatedly. The video is edited so that you never see the hand hitting her face-only her reaction as her head flies back and she tries to straighten her hair and regain her composure. She cries throughout. The slaps increase in intensity

      I remember learning pansori in my world music class. Pansori is like a Korean musical storytelling. I wonder why they did decided to use that. Also, may I add this is very disturbing. Casey shared the video to this play and that is a very weird way to start a play. Reminds me of krapp Tape

  12. pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.ca
    1. So the Cretans followed him to Pytho, marching in time as they chanted the Ie Paean in the manner of the Cretan paean–singers and those in whose hearts the heavenly Muse has put sweet-voiced song. With tireless feet they approached the ridge and straightway came to Parnassus and the lovely place where they were to live honoured by many men.

      This reminds me of the folk story the pied piper, who can lure children away with music, but in this case it is Apollo drawing the men with his playing.

    2. The trampling of swift horses and the sound of mules watering at my sacred springs will always bother you, and men will prefer to gaze at the well-made chariots and stamping, swift-footed horses than at your great temple and the many treasures in it. But if I can persuade you – for you, lord, are stronger and mightier than I, and your strength is very great –build at Crisa below the glades of Parnassus: there, bright chariots will not clash, and there will be no noise from swift-footed horses near your well-built altar. But  the glorious tribes of men will bring gifts to you as they sing you hymns (calling to you, ‘Greetings, Healer!’)

      This reminds me of the "it is too loud and near the highway" talk. She can not say no to him as he could punish her, but she is really great at persuading him to another area while making him think this was his own idea.

  13. pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.ca
    1. from the river and lay down again in the rushes and kissed the grain-givingsoil.

      Odysseus staggered from the river and lay down again in the rushes and kissed the grain-giving soil.

      This reference to "grain-giving soil" reminds me of this quote:

      History celebrates the battlefields whereon we meet our death, but scorns to speak of the ploughed fields whereby we thrive; it knows the names of king's bastards, but cannot tell us the origin of wheat. That is the way of human folly.<br/>—Les Merveilles de l'Instinct Chez les Insectes: Morceaux Choisis (The Wonders of Instinct in Insects: Selected Pieces) by Jean-Henri FabreJean-Henri Fabre (Librairie Ch. Delagrave (1913), page 242)

      ref: quote

      Culturally we often see people kneeling down and kissing the ground after long travels, but we miss the prior references and images and the underlying gratitude for why these things have become commonplace.

      "Grain-giving" = "life giving" here specifically. Compare this to modern audiences see the kissing of the ground more as a psychological "homecoming" action and the link to the grain is missing.

      It's possible that the phrase grain-giving was included for orality's sake to make the meter, but I would suggest that given the value of grain within the culture the poet would have figured out how to include this in any case.

      By my count "grain-giving" as a modifier variously to farmland, soil, earth, land, ground, and corn land appears eight times in the text. All these final words have similar meanings. I wonder if Lattimore used poetic license to change the translation of these final words or if they were all slightly different in the Greek, but kept the meter?

      This is an example of a phrase which may have been given an underlying common phrasing in daily life to highlight gratitude for the life giving qualities, but also served the bard's needs for maintaining meter. Perhaps comparing with other contemporaneous texts for this will reveal an answer?

    2. For if I wait out the uncomfortable night by the river,I fear that the female dew and the evil frost togetherwill be too much for my damaged strength, I am so exhausted, and in themorning a chilly wind will blow from the river; 470 but if I go up the slopeand into the shadowy forest,and lie down to sleep among the dense bushes, even if the chill andweariness let me be, and a sweet sleep comes upon me,I fear I may become spoil and prey to the wild animals.’

      There's something about the description here that reminds me of the closing paragraph of Charles Darwin's On The Origin of the Species (p 489):

      It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, [...]

      Both authors are writing about riverbanks, life, and uncertainty.

    1. I

      This repetition of I reminds me of an earlier text of Edgar Lee Masters. In his work I found that the I was emphasized in such a way to to put emphasis on the fact that it was "I" and no one else. It gave the feeling of isolation. However here in Hughes work the I feels collective. Like it's a we but in first person.