That's a lie.

It seems like they were having a good time drinking beers. I wonder what he did or said to make her think he no longer loved her.

I agree with the idea that just “not feeding the trolls” doesn’t always work. Sometimes ignoring them gives them more space to keep spreading hate, especially when the target is already being attacked or harassed. I think the article makes a good point that it’s unfair to put all the responsibility on the person being targeted.

Ignore. Trolls usually recive what they are after from reactions. If you simply ignore them the trolls don't get what they want.

the goal of the research in this article is to find a more erthical split in profits among AI models, the user, and the artists that are part of training data.

This means that AI models are trained on music they don't have ownership over, producing music that people profit off of, created from material that was protected under copyright.

There is a discourse in who should profit off of AI generated music.

The authors highlight that the relationship between family income and children’s academic achievement has strengthened over recent decades. This growing “income achievement gap” replaces the older concern about the “race gap.” It shows that economic inequality is now the main barrier to educational equity.

the authors describe schools as the key mechanism through which equal opportunity should be achieved. Education is the “engine” of the American Dream—but it’s also where inequalities are reproduced. This introduces the book’s main theme: the conflict between democratic ideals and educational inequality.

begin by showing how deeply the American Dream shapes U.S. identity—it promises that hard work and talent can lead anyone to success. But they also note that this ideal can obscure social inequalities. The tension between belief and reality drives their whole argument.

Mark Twain Wrote the First Book Ever Written With a Typewriter<br /> by [[Josh Jones]] in Open Culture<br /> accessed on 2025-10-13T23:01:35

Brains, Alan, Tin Tin and I were fast asleep in a pile of furs in a mountain cave. It was kind to our skin, and not too itchy or irritating. Outside our mountain cave, we could hear pure mountain water flowing gently. The mountain atmosphere was peaceful and soft.

It’s kind of crazy how even within the same community, these divisions get reinforced by schools. Immigrant students might get support for language, which is important, but at the same time, U.S.born students can end up at a disadvantage just because of how the system sorts and treats them. It shows that schools aren’t just neutral spaces, they actively shape who gets opportunities and who falls behind, and that can end up weakening the collective success of the whole community.

It shows that immigrant students often do really well academically, but I think it is important to look at the bigger picture. Their success might not just be about individual effort or assimilation. It could also be shaped by the schools and systems they navigate, which might favor certain behaviors, cultural values, or even language skills. At the same time, focusing only on individual achievement ignores the ways the system can advantage some students while making it harder for others. A critical look can help reveal how schools reward certain kinds of adaptation and resilience, and also highlight what supports or changes are needed to help all students succeed, not just the ones who fit the expected mold.

This really puts things into perspective. It shows how much of an uphill battle some students face before they even get to school. If parents only have a few years of schooling, they might not have the tools or experience to guide their kids through academic challenges. It also makes me think about how schools need to step in and provide support that these students might not be getting at home, because expecting them to succeed without that foundation is setting them up for more obstacles.

The data from the questionnaire survey and the results of the ethnographic study mutually corroborate, indicating that immigrant students' feelings towards the school are significantly more positive than those of their peers born in the United States.

This logic centered on technical rationality has restricted the educational mobility of the majority of students. Only a few students who enter honors courses, magnet programs, or advanced vocational education courses have more opportunities, while the academic trajectories of the majority of students are still strictly limited.

The school will reduce students' resources in two ways. The first one is "de-Mexicanization", which means eliminating students' culture and language. This directly affects their academic performance and their attitude towards the school.

Important to note

I don't think it's necessarily a problem or that people are addicted to cars, but rather they have just been so accustomed to it they never questioned it.

People always complain about how expensive cars are and for good reason. This is also another issue because if one fails to pay for their gas or insurance or a mechanic's bill they are stuck without any means of moving around.

The principle of induced demand can also be applied to bike lanes and other car-free methods of transportation.

This is a big issue. Even if we get rid of all of our cars overnight we're still left with massive infrastructure throughout the entire country absorbing heat and contributing to global warming.

Again, this shows how we have normalized cars and how car dependency is an issue that is not talked about enough.

This is an important fact to keep in mind while reading the article.

Understanding feelings (empathy) can help in their persuasion which in turn strengthens their rhetoric. I picked this statement because it is hyperbolic, empathy is a spectrum. It is a rhetorical statement to show how important empathy is.

This statement is timeless. If knowledge can't be expressed, it is useless to society.

This basically says that Aristotle draws a conclusion about rhetoric.

I feel this “hamburger” rule seems a little formulaic at first, but I realize it does work. I agree with Ko that it forces critics to find good aspects, even when a design appears weak overall. I know from my own experience that if I only receive negative comments, I will not have the motivation to solve that. However, if that is mentioned well, I'm much more open to hearing the criticism. This approach makes people slow down and actually notice the good parts of a design, instead of just tearing it apart.

I agree with this portion of text. This is something that I see people do in non-design contexts, and something I do in my every day life. I use this tactic a lot at my workplace when training new hires. First, telling them something their doing a good job at, then telling them something they still need work on. I can see how this would work in a design environment too.

I greatly appreciate how the text provides some design principles to refer to for critiques. As someone who just recently began their design journey, I often associated "critiques" with what "looked good." This POV is pretty misguided as it doesn't focus on usability or actual functionality (or the other principles mentioned) so I'm glad that I'll have a point of reference for future design critiques!

I really agree with what this paragraph is saying. I used to do a lot of art/design work, and critique is part of the most gone through stage but at the same time, I always find it really hard. We all have different thought process and how we approach problem is different. Critique is meant to be a little negative but at the same we always try to keep it positive by complimenting the good part of the idea and then add the potiential area of improvement. So it is like a collaborative work between people to come out with the best possible idea.

This section makes me think about how the described definition of “good” design could be a double edged knife. Although I agree a design could be created as intuitive and user-friendly, I believe that will fully depend on the niche the designer has in mind when designing something. I believe it kind of bring us back to chapter one (or maybe 2?) where wherever we make a change to a given design, we benefit one group that will be using that design and negatively impacts another group that also will be using that design.

This part stood out to me because it explains the importance of balancing positive and negative feedback. I like how this approach makes critique feel more like collaboration than judgment. It reminds me that being critical doesn’t mean being harsh, it means helping someone improve while recognizing what’s already good. I think this mindset makes feedback more meaningful and encourages creativity instead of discouraging it.

I found this statement to be interesting as this is not something I thought of. I always took critiques more as an one way definition so this is a new insight of perspective I am gaining from this reading. However, this got me questioning: If a certain design gets out to the world and gets criticized, would designer always be able to articulate the rationale? If not, is it not consdiered as a feedback coming from a user?

I strongly agree with this suggestion because it brings us back to the core of the principle of design: designing for the user. But this practice also faces some of the same constraints as conducting user interviews: people will not always give you the honest answers due to perceived barriers or wanting to come off a certain way in order to meet social expectations. One method I found interesting to try is to gather a group of users/stakeholders and a facilitator who might be the designer, but is undisclosed to the participants, therefore removing frictions for the participants giving critiques out of their fear of offending/hurting the designer.

1. what is the number one cause of stress in your life? my one cause of stress in my life is college i didn't know that college was going to be that difficult for me

2. what else causes you stress having my house clean for my house

3. what effect does stress have on your studies and academic performance? that i can't focuses so much on college

1 4 4 3 0 0 4 4 2 2 0 3 2 2 3 3

1. list common cause of stress for college students. Everyday Stressors
2. Time pressure: juggling classes, work, and social life
3. Academic anxiety: grades, exams, assignments
4. Financial concerns: tuition, rent, food
5. Relationship conflicts: roommates, partners, family
6. Health issues: frequent illness, poor sleep, allergies
7. Body image and eating habits
8. Loneliness or poor social connection
9. Daily hassles: broken-down car, housing issues

2.Describe the physical, mental, and emotional effects of persistent stress. Physical * Weakened immune system (more frequent illness) Digestive issue (ulcers, constipation, indigestion) * High blood pressure and increased risk of heart disease * Muscle tension headaches, fatigue * Sleep disturbances (insomnia or oversleeping)

Mental * Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly * Poor memory and reduced academic * Negative thought patterns and pessimism

Emotional * Anxiety, depression, irritability * Feelings of helplessness or frustration * Withdrawal from others or increased conflict

1. List healthy ways college students can manage or cope with stress.
2. Exercise regularly (aerobic activity boosts mood and focus)
3. Get enough sleep (7-9 hour improves resilience)
4. Time management: focus on growth not perfection

4.Develop your personal plan for managing stress in your life long-term vision * Feel more in control of my schedule * Build emotional resilience and confidence * Maintain academic success while enjoying college life

Growing up in an international school in Beijing, i was lucky to experience diversity at an early age, in my school there were Chinese, Koreans, Americans and all different ethnic groups, this in my opinion helped me to adapt to my college life at UCI since it is also a diverse environment.

Personal Annotation: I relate to this idea because growing up, I also had to learn how to navigate between different cultural expectations. Whether it was at school, with friends, or at home, I often had to adjust how I expressed myself depending on who I was around. This passage reminds me that developing this kind of cultural flexibility is not just about fitting in—it’s a key part of understanding who I am and where I come from.

Annotation: In this passage, Tatum explains that adolescence is a key stage for identity development, triggered by the physical and emotional changes of puberty. During this period, young people start to question who they are and who they want to become. This self-exploration marks an important shift from childhood to a more complex understanding of one’s personal and social identity.

The new understanding of racial identity among teenagers is often the result of experiencing certain events or shocks, which forces them to confront the impact of racism on their own lives.

The stereotypes, omissions and distortions in society continuously reinforce this notion of "white superiority", and both black and white children will be affected by it.

It is unlikely for an individual to explore all the identity domains at the same time. Therefore, it is quite common that when teenagers are actively exploring one aspect, some other aspects may not have been carefully considered.

When children enter the teenage years, they begin to ponder questions like "Who am I? What kind of person can I become?" 。 For black teenagers, this process of identity exploration often also involves the aspects of race and ethnicity. "What does it mean to be black?" 。

This passage is not merely describing a dining scene; rather, it uses a mundane detail to bring up a deeper social issue: race.

I hadn’t fully thought about how much risk goes into forming relationships, especially for students with differences or communication challenges. It made me realize that when a student’s attempts to connect don’t go well, it can deeply affect their confidence and willingness to try again. As a future teacher, this helps me see how important it is to intentionally create opportunities for all students to build connections in a safe, supportive way so no one feels left out or discouraged.

I really connect with this section because I’ve seen firsthand how much structure can help students feel calmer and more engaged. When students know what’s coming next, they’re less anxious and more willing to participate. I love the idea of using a visual or written schedule because it shows that the teacher cares about making the classroom predictable and welcoming for everyone. It reminds me how small adjustments like this can make a big difference in helping students feel secure and ready to learn.

I think this section is a great reminder that positive reinforcement is just as important as correction. Students thrive when their good choices are noticed and acknowledged. Focusing on praise helps build motivation and encourages students to repeat positive behaviors. It also creates a more supportive and uplifting classroom atmosphere where students feel valued for their efforts.

I think this part makes a really strong point about using subtle and respectful strategies to manage behavior. Creating a private signal helps maintain the student’s dignity while still addressing the issue in the moment. It also shows how teachers can be proactive and compassionate, focusing on communication rather than punishment. This kind of approach helps build trust and keeps the classroom environment positive and supportive for everyone

I really like this section because it shows how the language teachers use can deeply affect how students see themselves. Labeling behavior as good or bad can unintentionally make students believe those labels define who they are instead of what they do. It is an important reminder that our words matter and that describing behavior in clear and objective terms helps students focus on their actions rather than feeling personally judged.

https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fopenknowledgemaps.org%2Fsearch_api%2Fserver%2Fpaper_preview%2Fe848f2c418eac460c47698a7cffc71f1a59e4cb6b020dba2c862dbd0b96d10e6.PDF&group=world

For the summary of this link: it is talks about On Martin Luther King Jr. Day in 2020, comedian Jaboukie Young White changed his Twitter profile picture and name to "FBI" and posted a satirical tweet. It is not first time he did such "joke". The detail of this journalist Jake Tapper's clues to remind readers of what did FBI do to MLK and to let readers themselves to decide whether it is joke or not. However, on my personal perspective, I think it is not ok for everyone making joke on a dead people, and MLK was a person who has had a great impact in the past. So this guys definitely know the posts can bring online popularity to him, so I don't think it is just a funny joke.

I believe I've actually heard about this before. This source talks about an old news broadcast on April fools day, 1957, where they show a family basically harvesting spaghetti from a tree. This is a good example of a "lighthearted" troll, as this was a joke and obviously not real. However some people did assume it as real as it's stated in the source that hundreds of people phoned in to ask how can they grow spaghetti on their own tree (that's funny to think about). So I guess this could be seen as perhaps maybe early presence of spreading "fake news" but this broadcast was made on context of April Fools Day, so it was meant to be a joke.

This is an example of how online trolling could be a form of digital protesting. In 2020 the Dallas PD asked the public to submit videos of protestors in order to arrest them. In response, Kpop fans flooded the app with edits of their favorite artists as well as review bombed it in the app store.

This article describes how a comedian pretended to be the official FBI account on Twitter and posted a joke about Martin Luther King Jr's assassination. While the intention may have been humor, the impersonation clearly crossed ethical boundaries by exploiting both historical trauma and public trust. I think this example connects directly to Chapter 7's discussion of trolling and "bad faith". The comedian's defense that it was "just a joke" mirrors the Schrodinger's asshole concept, using humor as a shield to deny accountability when the audience reacts negatively. It raises an important question: when dose satire stop being social commentary and start becoming harm disguised as entertainment.

I really understand the interpretation of troll, cause nowadays we can find troll on many social media app. At first, I don't know why there are so many troll, but now I realized maybe they are just want to. Maybe show they are really smart and know beyond than others, but actually they just posts a troll. Or maybe they just want other people pay more attention on them and transfer the focus points. I think those kinds of people, they might just cannot get attention from others in reality so they will find a presence online. But now I know that maybe it just want to punish or stop. It brings a new idea for me, maybe next time I can focus on those points.

I've always had this same thought of "why do people take time out of their days to just troll via online or in person?". One of the ideas that I had originally was that it came from a place of sadness. Perhaps they aren't in the best situation at home or maybe they're going through something so they take it out on other people by "trolling" and to feel smarter than everyone else. I feel like this would be a good explanation as to why most people troll, specifically the ones who seem to do it out of spite and not in a comedic way.

I agree , each research will have a different outcome.

To repeatedly research an Idea ,will help The mind Understand what you are looking an answer for.

whiteness as property, contra lou hamer

ownership, naming

think of mommas baby poppas maybe

You should invest in individual stocks if you already have prior knowledge on the individual stock.

this is rlly sad and unfortunate that manal thinks of her father this way, now that he's been gone a long time

this shows how culture can differ from one country to another

this can represent how one may need to do anything in order to survive

yasmeen is resilient and i admire her for trying to fight for her homeland

this represents colonization which is the conflict of this story

California is still this way

I agree with this take

Why would it be a cultlike religion?

motives?

the result is different from what I have in the posit cloud.

The issue of education is not only related to students, but also involves the language and interaction methods of teachers. Teachers from different backgrounds have different "discourse styles".

When there is a significant difference between the school culture and the family culture, two main problems arise. Firstly, teachers may misunderstand students' abilities or intentions due to differences in language and interaction styles.

In discussions about education and culture, children are individual entities and cannot be confined to a fixed pattern. The focus is not on designing a "perfect fit" learning environment for each ethnic group, but rather on identifying when a child encounters problems in their learning and looking for causes from a broad perspective.

reply to u/EdmundDante718 at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1o5x527/missing_carriage_releases_on_scm/

It's incredibly common for these 6 series Smith-Coronas to have broken plastic carriage release levers (a major design flaw). You can call around to shops with parts machines for original replacements. https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html

There are numerous YouTube repair videos and ideas including these few I've bookmarked before, though there are surely others: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNcQvfUk23s - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb9VlrKcXcM

I've not seen anyone 3-D print a version (yet), but designs for one might be floating around out there.

I've also seen people jury rig all sorts of plastic replacements which is an option as well.

In practice, you generally only need one working one for your dominant hand.

important notes

It's nice to see that people are understanding Wikipedia as a decent resource for information on the Internet. The thing about research and paper is that there is a lot of it and there is a variety of journals and articles of resources with all varying scholar and reliability. They're only a couple a few encyclopedias that are on the Internet made for research, wikipedia being one known for its open access and open source format. This allows for it to be approached from a communal sense allowing for a variety of experiences ideas and perspectives to be given, so often at the cost of credibility coming from an author that is renowned in their field for the subject.

I think especially with the Internet and that being the primary space where people are researching, it could be especially hard and overwhelming finding resources. I think key trait of a researcher is flexibility and being able to understand the scope and resources you have your disposal when doing research. Even in the context of more professional work you are often given a certain budget a certain timeline that will restrict your project in a certain way. I think it's just essential that from the beginning you have a clear understanding of what your budget is quote unquote into sure to ask and refine with peers.

Even in old age, Weiss urged global resistance to racism and injustice

Her career spanned continents, from London and Zambia to Germany, where she became a respected witness to history

Weiss’s reporting on Rhodesia’s sanctions evasion led to her expulsion and eventual exile from southern Africa

As a reporter, she covered the rise of South Africa’s liberation movements while under government scrutiny

She began her journalism career ghostwriting for her ill husband before establishing her own reputation

Weiss drew direct parallels between antisemitism and apartheid in her writing and speeches

Her early life as a Jewish refugee shaped her lifelong opposition to oppression

Ruth Weiss survived Nazi persecution and went on to expose racial injustice in apartheid South Africa

I completely agree with this sentence I think establishing boundaries for your research is especially important but starting off with what your teacher has is important. For the context of academic papers written as a student your audience is a bit ambiguous generally speaking the only people who will read your academic papers is your professor and so understanding the guidelines and what necessarily the professor needs out of that paper is important. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that you not only can do research but that you are actively learning engaging and articulating the information you are researching. It's important that not only instructor headlines are clear and concise but also that in the moments that they aren't that we are asking and refining to ensure that it is an acceptable essay for the assignment.

This makes me think of my club lacrosse motto. It is We>Me. We had that written on all our shirts one year.

This reminds me of my mom. She can be tough at times, but she has built so much care that I know it is out of love. And that in turn makes me listen to her.

This is a good reminder that growth doesn’t come from suppressing emotion. it comes from observing it with curiosity and calm. It takes discipline!!

This is 100% true. I even know it about myself, most of us are a this point. I don't think I'm as bad as some people, because some people let it spill out of just social media but overall my generation is mostly in some way addicted to social media.

Technology is always changing the world, and has always changed the world since tools and fire. every period in time is defined by what tech was invented and at the cutting edge. Each period's most important figures always include Politicians, Artists, and inventors. and it can even be argued that art is another kind of technology that is ever changing with the world. So two thirds of my list of who's important in a time period is inventors when you think about it.

I think this is what would happen if social media was left un checked. But with cyber security laws and parents becoming more understanding of it it's moved away from that. People have become much more aware of things like fake new, engagement bait, and grifters that overall it's become a lot more sanitized, it's no longer the wild west of the internet.

I feel like with my generation who have been on the forefront of social media this rings truer for us. We have grown up right along side social media and it's populated our entire lives. We've been around long enough to see how our schools grew to handle social media. We post, like, comment, scroll and share. A giant chunk of our communication goes through there and it's weird for people my age to not be on social media.

Social media sites use whatever they can to get more clicks. So the most shocking stuff is going to be pushed to the forefront instead of what's really going on. I think back to the Tide pod "Trend" which exploded getting a ton of media coverage even though very few people were actually eating any tide pods. It was mostly jokes about it that the main stream media took seriously and started reporting on like crazy and the statistics they used were dishonest. The statistics they used were about death by cleaning supplies and those statistics were almost identical from years prior. But even with it not being real it still began a frenzy and scared a ton of people.

These were genuinely so dumb. You could see the death tolls of coronavirus and they were still like let's go make it worse. I think the worst part about it was that it did in fact lead to more deaths and all because these people weren't allowed to leave their houses. Like be smart for two seconds and think critically about this like what motive would the government have to lie to you about a pandemic. It actively hurt our economy and these people were so excited to make it last longer.

This is because of the mass misinformation campaigns aimed to hurt movement and make it more divisive. Which is why platforms like Facebook and Twitter had to implement fact checkers to combat misinformation on their sites.

escribir a partir de los antecendentes las secciones siguientes (que salen entonces de la secciones)

personalizar a los autores, sugiero orden según el número de commits

falta el link al repo en esta barra

Medición de cohesión social longitudinal en Chile

Y en la presentación mencionar que es con ELSOC ... y qué es ELSOC, qué es COES, sentido del documento, etc etc. Es decir, falta redactar bien la presentación.

Freud's theory

combo of cross-sectional and longitudinal

This quote highlights how while trolls may think that they are just jokes made "in fun", they could cause pain "in earnest". The humor is one sided and inherently malicious because of how it is created at the real expense of another (humor created by killing/scaring frogs). This quote shows the thoughtlessness of human nature.

I find it fascinating that trolling began as a kind of "inside joke" among early Internet users. What started as playful testing of newcomers' knowledge later evolved into behaviors that intentionally cause harm or humiliation. Reading about the shift from lighthearted pranks to toxic online cultures like 4chan made me realize how easily community norms can slide when cruelty becomes entertainment. It also connects to Sartre's idea of "bad faith" mentioned earlier, the troll's refusal to take words seriously allows them to avoid responsibility. It makes me wonder whether trolling is less about anonymity and more about disengagement from empathy.

Almost child-like too--a faux-naive. It's as if Brainard tasked himself to describe the memory but not indicate how he felt about it (that's up to us to speculate).

Well, at least it fights against writer's block

Many people get upset reading it. They scream, "What is this? There's no story, no plot, no characters!"

Not the strangest?

Quite the opposite. Repetition in Pop Art mocks the idea of an artwork as "one of a kind."

Do you think you can write your entire biography in "I remember" sentences?

YES! The randomness

Collage works through juxtaposition: one image against another suggests a connection or meaning. Same with the I remember sentences.

Repetition sort of incantatory--like a spell: you have to say the same two words to access the memory.

Warhol's repetition seemed to mock art being a "one of a kind" type of thing. I imagine Brainard's primary use was to write as many memories down without stopping, and using the same two words could help. Also, I would venture that the repetition signals to the readers that the memories are mundane, basic, and, except for him, not particularly memorable.

I think he was also riddled with self-doubt. He didn't seem to like being tied to one thing.

It defeats writer's block, too, if you always have the same two words to start a sentence.

There is a general playfulness to Brainard's writings and art.

Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:14][^1^][1] - [00:28:20][^2^][2]:

Cette vidéo explore la managérialisation des associations et ses impacts.

Elle aborde les défis et propose des solutions pour renforcer le monde associatif face à cette tendance.

Temps forts:

• [00:00:14][^3^][3] Introduction et contexte
  • Accueil des participants
  • Présentation du webinaire
  • Objectifs de la série
• [00:03:27][^4^][4] Enjeux de la managérialisation
  • Définition et historique
  • Impact sur les associations
  • Comparaison avec d'autres modèles
• [00:07:03][^5^][5] Conséquences et critiques
  • Perte de dimension démocratique
  • Réduction des relations humaines
  • Exemples concrets et témoignages
• [00:15:01][^6^][6] Solutions et alternatives
  • Importance de la participation
  • Réappropriation des termes
  • Exemples de bonnes pratiques
• [00:22:00][^7^][7] Conclusion et perspectives
  • Invitation à l'action collective
  • Importance de la cohérence interne
  • Appel à la réflexion et à l'innovation

Résumé de la vidéo [00:28:22][^1^][1] - [00:54:06][^2^][2]:

Cette vidéo explore la gestion et la gouvernance des associations face à la managérialisation.

Elle met en lumière l'importance de la circulation de l'information, de l'intelligence collective, et de la délibération pour une gouvernance démocratique et efficace.

Points forts : + [00:28:22][^3^][3] Circulation de l'information * Importance de la diffusion de l'information * Mise en commun des connaissances * Héritage des sociétés savantes + [00:29:57][^4^][4] Intelligence collective * Animation et maïeutique * Création d'espaces de travail collaboratif * Qualité de l'animation + [00:31:02][^5^][5] Délibération et décision * Importance de la délibération pour de bonnes décisions * Définition de la démocratie par Paul Ricœur * Travail sur les contradictions + [00:35:02][^6^][6] Tensions et réussites * Identification des tensions dans la gouvernance * Conditions de réussite * Création d'une communauté apprenante + [00:39:02][^7^][7] Exemple pratique * Transformation de la gouvernance au sein du Réseau d'Échange et de Services aux Associations du Pays de Morlaix * Passage à un système de cercles thématiques * Participation et implication des salariés et bénévoles

Ces points forts couvrent les principaux aspects abordés dans la vidéo, offrant une vue d'ensemble des défis et des solutions pour une gouvernance associative efficace.

Résumé de la vidéo [00:54:11][^1^][1] - [01:19:33][^2^][2]:

Cette partie du webinaire traite de la gestion et de l'organisation des associations, en mettant l'accent sur la coprésidence et la participation collective.

Points forts : + [00:54:11][^3^][3] Introduction de la coprésidence * Modification des statuts en 2020 * Importance de la participation collective * Fonctionnement en commissions thématiques + [00:57:02][^4^][4] Formation et participation * Formation annuelle sur la gestion collective * Ouverture des chantiers de travail aux adhérents * Importance de la transparence et de la clarté + [01:00:00][^5^][5] Déplacements et cohésion * Budget pour les déplacements collectifs * Renforcement des liens entre membres * Importance de la convivialité et du plaisir + [01:03:09][^6^][6] Intégration de nouveaux membres * Augmentation du nombre de membres du CA * Processus d'intégration et d'accompagnement * Maintien de la transparence et de la confiance + [01:09:09][^7^][7] Réflexion sur le temps et la gouvernance * Importance de la gestion du temps * Opposition au néolibéralisme * Outils pratiques pour la gouvernance associative

Résumé de la vidéo [01:19:36][^1^][1] - [01:46:07][^2^][2]:

Cette vidéo traite de la managérialisation des associations et des défis liés à la gestion collective et à la formation continue des membres.

Temps forts: + [01:19:36][^3^][3] Partage d'expériences * Importance de partager les échecs * Encouragement à la discussion collective * Utilisation des retours d'expérience + [01:22:01][^4^][4] Formation continue * Formation des équipes salariées * Importance de la coopération * Nécessité de réexpliquer aux nouveaux membres + [01:27:03][^5^][5] Suivi des salariés * Organisation de réunions de médiation * Importance du bien-être au travail * Gestion des conflits internes + [01:33:00][^6^][6] Rôle du syndicalisme * Conditions de travail et temps de travail * Complémentarité entre engagement associatif et syndical * Importance de la démocratie interne + [01:38:00][^7^][7] Taille des associations * Impact de la taille sur la gestion * Importance de la volonté politique * Réflexion sur la géographie et l'échelle d'action

Résumé de la vidéo [01:46:09][^1^][1] - [01:58:34][^2^][2]:

Cette partie du webinaire aborde divers aspects de la gestion et de l'organisation des associations, en mettant l'accent sur les défis et les solutions possibles.

Temps forts: + [01:46:09][^3^][3] Questions sur la loi 3DS * Impact des certifications qualité * Partage de ressources et d'expertises * Importance de la loi pour les associations + [01:49:01][^4^][4] Réorganisation de la GD * Inclusion des salariés et bénéficiaires * Partenariat avec les financeurs * Protection des salariés uniques + [01:50:24][^5^][5] Participation des financeurs * Explication des projets aux financeurs * Importance de leur inclusion dans le CA * Délégation des responsabilités au sein de l'équipe + [01:53:06][^6^][6] Prévention des conflits d'intérêts * Retrait des élus des instances associatives * Importance de maintenir un lien fort avec les financeurs * Anticipation des changements législatifs + [01:55:00][^7^][7] Conclusion et perspectives * Recueil des expériences et des échecs * Construction d'une communauté apprenante * Invitation à partager des ressources et à poursuivre les échanges

Imp. Different topic

La Prévention des Conflits d'Intérêts : Collectivités et Associations

Synthèse

Ce document de synthèse analyse les enjeux juridiques et pratiques liés à la prévention des conflits d'intérêts dans les relations entre les collectivités territoriales et les associations.

Basé sur les interventions d'experts juridiques et de formateurs d'élus, il met en lumière les risques pénaux encourus et propose des préconisations concrètes.

Les points critiques à retenir sont les suivants :

• 1. Le conflit d'intérêts n'est pas une infraction, mais un signal d'alerte. La situation devient délictuelle lorsqu'un élu ou un agent public, conscient de ce conflit, ne se déporte pas et participe à une décision, tombant ainsi sous le coup de la prise illégale d'intérêt, une infraction pénale sévèrement sanctionnée (jusqu'à 5 ans d'emprisonnement et 500 000 € d'amende).

• 1. La notion d'intérêt est extrêmement large. Elle couvre les intérêts matériels, mais aussi moraux ou familiaux. Il n'est pas nécessaire que l'élu se soit enrichi personnellement ou que la collectivité ait subi un préjudice ; la simple apparence d'une impartialité compromise peut suffire à caractériser l'infraction.
• 1. La règle pour les élus impliqués dans une association est le "déport général". Qu'ils soient membres du bureau à titre personnel ou en tant que représentants de la commune, ils doivent s'abstenir de toute participation à une délibération concernant cette association.

Ce déport doit être total :

• ◦ Absence de participation à l'instruction du dossier.
• ◦ Absence de participation aux débats.
• ◦ Absence de participation au vote.

• ◦ Sortie physique de la salle du conseil durant les débats et le vote.

• 1. Les élus locaux sous-estiment massivement ce risque. Les formations de terrain révèlent que la préoccupation principale des élus concerne les aspects techniques des subventions, tandis que le risque de conflit d'intérêts est souvent ignoré, en particulier dans les petites communes où les interférences entre mandats électifs et vie associative sont pourtant maximales.
• 1. Des outils et des bonnes pratiques existent pour sécuriser les processus.

La responsabilité première incombe à chaque élu, qui doit s'auto-évaluer en permanence.

Pour sécuriser les décisions, il est préconisé de voter les subventions au cas par cas, de systématiser la déclaration des conflits en début de séance et de s'appuyer sur des ressources externes comme la Haute Autorité pour la Transparence de la Vie Publique (HATVP) et le référent déontologue, désormais obligatoire pour toutes les communes.

1. Le Cadre Juridique et les Risques Pénaux

L'analyse juridique, menée par Luc Brunet de l'Observatoire SMAC, souligne la nécessité de distinguer deux notions fondamentales qui sont souvent confondues.

Définitions Fondamentales : Conflit d'Intérêts vs. Prise Illégale d'Intérêt

Le conflit d'intérêts est une situation, tandis que la prise illégale d'intérêt est une infraction pénale qui découle de la mauvaise gestion de cette situation. Caractéristique Conflit d'Intérêts Prise Illégale d'Intérêt Nature

Une situation d'interférence entre un intérêt public et des intérêts (publics ou privés) de nature à influencer ou paraître influencer l'exercice d'une fonction.

Une infraction pénale. Le fait de prendre, recevoir ou conserver, directement ou indirectement, un intérêt de nature à compromettre son impartialité.

Source Légale Loi du 11 octobre 2013

Article 432-12 du Code pénal

Sanction

Aucune (ce n'est pas une infraction). La situation doit être prévenue ou résolue.

Jusqu'à 5 ans d'emprisonnement et 500 000 € d'amende.

"Le conflit d'intérêts, c'est la vie. Nous avons tous des conflits d'intérêts. [...] Là où c'est pas normal [...] c'est quand on va se dire 'je vais surtout pas le dire que je suis en situation de conflit d'intérêt'. Et c'est là qu'on franchit la ligne jaune et qu'on passe [...] du côté du code pénal avec le délit de prise illégale d'intérêt." - Luc Brunet

Le Champ d'Application Vaste de la Prise Illégale d'Intérêt

Le délit de prise illégale d'intérêt est l'infraction numéro un pour laquelle les élus locaux sont poursuivis. Son champ d'application est particulièrement étendu :

• Tous les domaines : Contrairement au délit de favoritisme (limité à la commande publique), il s'applique à toutes les décisions d'une collectivité : urbanisme, recrutement, vente de biens, et notamment les subventions aux associations.

• Intérêt moral ou familial : L'intérêt n'est pas nécessairement matériel ou financier.

• Absence de préjudice requis : L'infraction est constituée même si la collectivité n'a subi aucun préjudice, voire si elle a bénéficié de l'opération.

• Intérêts indirects : Le délit couvre les intérêts pris par personne interposée (conjoint, ascendants, descendants, mais aussi amis proches).

La jurisprudence retient une vision très large : "l'infraction s'arrête où le soupçon s'arrête".

• La notion d'apparence : Il ne faut pas seulement ne pas être en conflit d'intérêts, mais aussi ne pas donner l'apparence de l'être.

La Doctrine de la Haute Autorité pour la Transparence de la Vie Publique (HATVP)

La HATVP a établi une doctrine pour clarifier les niveaux de risque. Pour les relations avec les associations, le risque est considéré comme large.

• Zone Rouge (Risque Large) : Concerne la participation d'un élu au sein d'un organisme de droit privé, comme une association, que ce soit à titre personnel ou comme représentant de la commune.

• Règle Appliquée : Le déport général. L'élu concerné doit s'abstenir de participer à toute délibération relative à cet organisme, y compris en l'absence d'enjeu financier direct. Adhérent ou Dirigeant : Une Distinction Cruciale ?

La question se pose de savoir si un simple adhérent est soumis aux mêmes règles qu'un membre du bureau (président, trésorier, etc.).

• Position de la HATVP (Avis du 3 mai 2022) : Le simple fait d'être adhérent ne justifie pas un déport systématique.

Cependant, une analyse au cas par cas doit être menée en fonction de la nature de l'association, de son nombre d'adhérents et de l'objet de la délibération.

• Conseil de Prudence : Face à l'incertitude de l'analyse au cas par cas, il est recommandé aux simples adhérents, par mesure de sécurité, de se déporter systématiquement lors du vote d'une subvention.

2. Règles Pratiques et Préconisations La prévention repose sur une démarche rigoureuse et transparente.

Les Quatre Étapes de la Prévention

• 1. Identifier les situations à risque : L'élu doit se poser les bonnes questions sur ses liens personnels, familiaux ou associatifs en rapport avec les dossiers de la collectivité.

• 2. Déclarer le conflit d'intérêts : Conformément à la Charte de l'élu local, l'élu doit faire connaître ses intérêts personnels avant le débat et le vote.

• 3. Se déporter complètement : Le déport ne se limite pas au non-vote. L'élu ne doit participer ni à l'instruction du dossier, ni aux débats qui précèdent le vote.

• 4. Ne pas influencer : L'élu doit s'abstenir de toute intervention, même informelle ("tirer les ficelles par derrière").

Jurisprudence : Des Exemples Concrets et Marquants Deux cas illustrent la sévérité avec laquelle la justice appréhende ce délit :

• Le maire de Plougastel-Daoulas : Des élus membres du bureau d'une association ad hoc n'ont pas participé au vote de la subvention, mais sont restés dans la salle.

Ce simple fait a été jugé suffisant pour caractériser une influence et a conduit à leur condamnation pour prise illégale d'intérêt.

• Une commune rurale de 250 habitants : Des élus, membres du bureau d'une association organisant la fête du village, ont participé au vote d'une subvention de 250 €.

Ils ont été condamnés pour prise illégale d'intérêt suite à la plainte d'un opposant politique.

Ces exemples démontrent que ni la bonne foi, ni la poursuite de l'intérêt général, ni le faible montant de la subvention ne constituent des protections contre une condamnation.

Préconisations pour Sécuriser les Délibérations

• Pas de vote global : Les subventions aux associations doivent être votées une par une, jamais en bloc.

• Sortir de la salle : L'élu concerné doit physiquement quitter la salle du conseil avant le début des débats et ne revenir qu'une fois le point de l'ordre du jour traité. Cette sortie doit être consignée au procès-verbal.

• Instaurer un "tour de table" déontologique : En début de chaque conseil, le maire peut demander à chaque élu de signaler d'éventuels conflits d'intérêts au regard de l'ordre du jour.

3. Le Témoignage du Terrain : Entre Méconnaissance et Difficultés d'Application

Le témoignage de Sophie Van migom, directrice d'un centre de formation pour élus, révèle un décalage important entre les exigences légales et la perception des élus sur le terrain.

Une Prise de Conscience Limitée chez les Élus

Lors des formations, les préoccupations des élus portent majoritairement sur des questions techniques (conventionnement, prêt de matériel, contrôle financier).

Le risque de conflit d'intérêts est très rarement abordé spontanément, en particulier par les élus des petites communes.

"Sur 90 participants, je n'ai que deux élus qui m'ont parlé de conflit d'intérêt. [...] Les élus des petites communes ne se posent pas la question, alors qu'il y a forcément des interférences entre leur mandat électif, leur vie familiale, leur vie associative." - Sophie Van migom

Les Conséquences Pratiques et les Défis Opérationnels

L'application stricte des règles de déport peut engendrer des difficultés de fonctionnement :

• Problèmes de quorum : Dans une commune de 620 habitants, la mise en place de règles de déport strictes a conduit à ce que la moitié du conseil municipal sorte de la salle, empêchant le quorum d'être atteint. La seule solution est de reconvoquer le conseil, ce qui retarde la décision.

• Paralysie de l'action des élus : Un élu engagé pour son expertise associative (ex: président de l'association des parents d'élèves devenu adjoint aux écoles) peut se retrouver dans l'incapacité d'agir sur les dossiers pour lesquels il a été élu.

Les Doubles Sanctions : Pénale et Administrative Le non-respect des règles de déport expose l'élu et la collectivité à un double risque :

1. Le risque pénal : L'élu est poursuivi pour prise illégale d'intérêt et le maire pour complicité.

2. Le risque administratif : La délibération elle-même est illégale.

Elle peut être annulée par le juge administratif suite à un recours d'un opposant, d'un contribuable ou du préfet. L'association pourrait alors être contrainte de rembourser la subvention perçue.

4. Outils et Bonnes Pratiques

La Responsabilité Personnelle de l'Élu

C'est à chaque élu d'évaluer sa propre situation, d'informer le maire et le conseil, et de prendre la décision de se déporter.

Cette réflexion doit être menée dès le début du mandat pour clarifier les limites de ses fonctions.

Les Aides à la Décision

Les élus ne sont pas seuls face à ces questionnements complexes. Ils peuvent solliciter :

• La Haute Autorité pour la Transparence de la Vie Publique (HATVP) : Il est possible de saisir la HATVP pour obtenir un avis confidentiel et rapide sur une situation personnelle.

• Le référent déontologue : Sa désignation est une obligation pour toutes les collectivités. Il offre un avis qui va au-delà du strict droit, en abordant les questions de probité et d'exemplarité.

Cas Spécifiques Abordés

• Agents de la collectivité : Ils sont également concernés par le délit.

S'ils sont en situation de conflit d'intérêts sur un dossier (ex: instruction d'un marché public pour l'entreprise d'un proche), ils doivent le signaler à leur hiérarchie pour que le dossier leur soit retiré.

• Subventions en nature : La mise à disposition de locaux, de matériel ou d'agents est considérée comme un avantage et suit exactement les mêmes règles de déport que les subventions financières.

• Associations "transparentes" : Une association qui n'est en réalité que le prolongement de la collectivité (ex: toutes les décisions sont prises par la commune) pose des problèmes juridiques majeurs.

Toutes les règles de la collectivité (comptabilité publique, marchés publics) s'appliquent alors à elle, créant un risque juridique élevé.

Always use critical thinking and make sure to evaluate carefully.

So powerful! I used to too concern about how people will be thinking about me. It really tressed me out, but I don't right now. Because I know people will always say something whatever you do, even though I can't control other minds, but I can control myself and don't care what people thinking about me.

I think that is also help me, it really teaches me how to deal with those negative feelings.

I can understand his feelings, because I always has same feeling during my childhood. Asian family is strict to the grades, we must do our best to get the A. If not, family members will be disappointed to you.

eLife Assessment

This important study presents a novel approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by genetically modifying their glycogen synthesis pathway, resulting in increased glycogen accumulation and improved cell survival under starvation conditions, particularly in the context of experimental pulmonary fibrosis. The methods and findings are generally solid and could be strengthened in the future by investigating the kinetics of persistence, the immunomodulatory effects, and the underlying improved mechanism of action of MSCs in this pulmonary fibrosis model. If confirmed, this approach could suggest potential methods to improve the therapeutic functionality of MSCs in cell therapy strategies.

Reviewer #1 (Public review):

Summary:

This study provides the first evidence that glucose availability, previously shown to support cell survival in other models, is also a key determinant for post-implantation MSC survival in the specific context of pulmonary fibrosis. To address glucose depletion in this context, the authors propose an original, elegant, and rational strategy: enhancing intracellular glycogen stores to provide transplanted MSCs with an internal energy reserve. This approach aims to prolong their viability and therapeutic functionality after implantation.

Strengths:

The efficacy of this metabolic engineering strategy is robustly demonstrated both in vitro and in an orthotopic mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.

Reviewer #2 (Public review):

Summary:

In this article, the authors investigate enhancing the therapeutic and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through genetic modification, specifically by overexpressing genes involved in the glycogen synthesis pathway. By creating a non-phosphorylatable mutant form of glycogen synthase (GYSmut), the authors successfully increased glycogen accumulation in MSCs, leading to significantly improved cell survival under starvation conditions. The study highlights the potential of glycogen engineering to improve MSC function, especially in inflammatory or energy-deficient environments. However, critical gaps in the study's design, including the lack of validation of key findings, limited differentiation assessments, and missing data on MSC-GYSmut resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), necessitate further exploration.

Strengths:

(1) Novel Approach: The study introduces an innovative method of enhancing MSC function by manipulating glycogen metabolism.

(2) Increased Glycogen Storage: The genetic modification of GYS1, resulting in GYSmut, significantly increased glycogen accumulation, leading to improved MSC survival under starvation, which has strong implications for enhancing MSC therapeutic properties in energy-deficient environments.

(3) Potential Therapeutic Impact: The findings suggest significant therapeutic potential for MSCs in conditions that require improved survival, persistence, and immunomodulation, especially in inflammatory or energy-limited settings.

(4) In Vivo Validation: The in vivo murine model of pulmonary fibrosis demonstrated the improved survival and persistence of MSC-GYSmut, supporting the translational potential of the approach.

Weaknesses:

(1) Lack of Differentiation Assessments: The study did not evaluate key MSC differentiation pathways, including chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The absence of analysis of classical MSC surface markers and multipotency limits the understanding of the full potential of MSC-GYSmut.

(2) Missing Validation of RNA Sequencing Data: Although RNA sequencing data revealed promising transcriptomic changes in chondrogenesis and metabolic pathways, these findings were not experimentally validated, limiting confidence.

(3) Lack of ROS Resistance Analysis: Resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important feature for MSCs under regenerative conditions, was not assessed, leaving out a critical aspect of MSC function.

(4) Limited Exploration of Immunosuppressive Properties: The study did not address the immunosuppressive functions of MSC-GYSmut, which are critical for MSC-based therapies in clinical settings.

Conclusion:

The study presents an exciting new direction for enhancing MSC function through glycogen metabolism engineering. While the results show promise, key experiments and validations are missing, and several areas, such as differentiation capacity, ROS resistance, and immunosuppressive properties, require further investigation. Addressing these gaps would solidify the conclusions and strengthen the potential clinical applications of MSC-GYSmut in regenerative medicine.

Author response:

The following is the authors’ response to the original reviews.

Reviewer #1 (Public Review)：

(1) Glycogen biosynthesis typically involves several enzymes. In this context, could the authors comment on the effect of overexpressing a single enzyme - especially a mutant version - on the structure or quality of the glycogen synthesized?

While quantitative molecular weight analysis of synthesized glycogen was not performed, we documented changes in glycogen particle morphology. GYSmut overexpression resulted in significantly enlarged singular glycogen granules, suggesting potential high molecular mass, while GYS-GYG co-overexpression in MSCs (GYG being the essential enzyme for glycogen synthesis initiation) produced a diffuse glycogen distribution pattern rather than particulate structures. We have incorporated this result as new Figure S2C.

These results suggest that overexpression of specific glycogen-metabolizing enzymes significantly influences glycogen structure. Consequently, targeted modulation of glycogen architecture and properties through key enzymes represents a potential avenue for future investigation.

(2) Regarding the in vitro starvation experiments (Figure 2C), what oxygen conditions (pO₂) were used? Are these conditions physiologically relevant and representative of the in vivo lung microenvironment?

Our in vitro starvation experiments (Figure 3C) were conducted under normoxic (21%). The oxygen concentration in human lungs is physiologically lower than atmospheric levels, with healthy individuals exhaling air containing approximately 16% oxygen (Thalakkotur Lazar Mathew, Diagnostics 2015). To our knowledge, direct measurements of alveolar oxygen concentration in pulmonary fibrosis are rare. Therefore, to evaluate the performance of GYSmut under hypoxic conditions, in the revised manuscript, Figure S2 has been augmented to include assessment of cell performance under combined hypoxia （oxygen concentration < 5%）and nutrient deprivation stress, which further corroborate the superiority of the GYSmut group over the control under different oxygen concentrations. 

(3) In the in vitro model, how many hours does it take for the intracellular glycogen reserve to be completely depleted under starvation conditions?

While quantitative cell viability data were recorded up to 72 hours post-implantation (Fig 3C), we observed cell viability at approximately 96 hours. We noticed that the presence of glycogen particles exhibited a correlation with sustained cell viability. However, reliable quantitative assessment of glycogen became increasingly challenging upon significant depletion of viable cells, thereby limiting our measurements during later time points.

(4) For the in vivo model, is there a quantitative analysis of the survival kinetics of the transplanted cells over time for each group? This would help to better assess the role and duration of glycogen stores as an energy buffer after implantation.

We tracked the in vivo distribution and persistence of implanted MSCs using enzymatic activity quantification assays (using Gluc luciferase assay) and live animal imaging (using Akaluc luciferase). The revised manuscript includes quantitative analysis of the in vivo fluorescence imaging data, which has been supplemented as Figure S4. Glycogen-engineered MSCs and control cells were quantitatively assessed at three discrete time points post-implantation. This quantification revealed a transient divergence in cell viability between the experimental and control groups around day 7. However, fluorescence in both cohorts subsequently declined to similar levels over the extended observation period.

(5) Finally, the study was performed in male mice only. Could sex differences exist in the efficacy or metabolism of the engineered MSCs? It would be helpful to discuss whether the approach could be expected to be similarly effective in female subjects.

We appreciate the reviewer’s important question regarding potential sex differences. Our study used male mice based on three key considerations: 1) Clinical Relevance: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) shows significant male predominance, with diagnosis rates 3.5-fold higher in men (37.8% vs 10.6%, p<0.0001) and greater diagnostic confidence (Assayag et al., Thorax 2020). 2) Model Consistency: The bleomycin model (our chosen method) demonstrates more consistent fibrotic responses in male mice (Gul et al., BMC Pulm Med 2023). 3) Biological Rationale:

Estrogen’s protective effects in females may confound therapeutic assessments (cited in Assayag et al.).

We fully acknowledge this limitation and will include female subjects in subsequent translational studies. The therapeutic principle should theoretically apply to both sexes, but we agree this requires experimental validation.

(6) The number of mice for each group and time point should be specified.

The manuscript text has been revised to enhance clarity, and the number of mice for each group and time point has been specified (line 170 to 182).

Reviewer #2 (Public Review):

(4) Inconsistencies in In Vivo Data: There is a discrepancy between the number of animals shown in the figures and the graph (three individuals vs. five animals), as well as missing details on how luciferase signal intensity was quantified, requiring further clarification.

To assess MSC survival in vivo, we employed two strategies utilizing distinct luciferases optimized for specific detection modalities. MSC viability was quantified ex vivo through Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) activity, leveraging its high sensitivity and established commercial assay kits (n = 3 mice per group per time point). For non-invasive longitudinal tracking within living animals, MSC distribution and viability were monitored via in vivo bioluminescence imaging using Akaluc luciferase, selected for its superior tissue penetration and sensitivity in situ (n = 5 mice per group).The manuscript text has been revised to enhance clarity, and the experiment protocols for luciferase signal detection and quantification has been added into Methods.

（1) (2) (3) (5):

We fully agree that further investigation into the functional consequences of glycogen engineering in MSCs – encompassing core cellular functions, immunomodulatory properties, and associated signaling pathways – is important to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Cellular metabolism is intrinsically intertwined with diverse physiological processes. Consequently, we believe that glycogen engineering exerts multifaceted effects on MSCs, likely extending beyond the modulation of any single specific pathway. Studying the metabolic perturbation induced by such engineering approaches in mammalian cells represents an interesting field. The exploration of these aspects remains an long-term research objective within our group.

Reviewer #2 (Recommendations for the authors):

(6) Clarification of Data in the Murine Model:

In Figure 4B, there is a discrepancy between the number of animals shown in the image (five) and those represented in the graph (three). This discrepancy needs clarification. Additionally, the study lacks information regarding the intensity of the signal in the luciferase assays. It is unclear how luciferase expression in the mice was quantified, and providing this detail would enhance the understanding of the data presented.

We sincerely appreciate these valuable suggestions. We have revised the relevant text for greater clarity. Figure 4B and Figure 4C present results from two distinct experimental approaches, each employing different luciferase reporters and measurement methodologies, and different num of mice were used in these two experiments.

Quantitative data derived from the in vivo bioluminescence imaging has been supplemented as Figure S4. The experiment protocols for luciferase signal detection and quantification has been added into Methods.

To other recommendations of reviewer 2：

We sincerely appreciate your valuable insights, which demonstrate your deep expertise. We fully agree that beyond nutrient availability, factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the immune microenvironment are also critical limitations affecting the survival and therapeutic efficacy of implanted MSCs.

We propose that glycogen engineering exerts broad effects on MSCs. These effects manifest as changes in multiple cellular characteristics, including proliferation, differentiation, surface marker expression, antioxidant capacity, and immunomodulatory activity – all crucial factors for the therapeutic purpose of MSCs.

We believe these changes likely involve complex networks of interconnected regulatory factors. The underlying mechanisms might be clarified through proteomic and metabolomic profiling.

However, comprehensively investigating these interconnected aspects requires significant time and resources. Some components of this research extend beyond the current scope of our project. Nevertheless, exploring these mechanisms remains an important objective, and we will actively work to investigate them further in our ongoing studies.

There are racial and ethnic factors that play a big role in this question. Generally, POC spend more time with extended family than white people.

There are limits to this study. The responses weren't collected in real time, there's no results for long-term responses, and there's a need to better measure the quality of social interactions. Compare the results with caution

Extended family benefits are more compensatory

older siblings play a more valuable role than younger siblings, but they still both can improve well-being

I wonder if the long-term stressors are because of this factor, or other factors?

this study reveals benefits that add to the study of long-term consequences of stepparents on adolescents.

strong stepparent relationships depend on each individual child and stepparent.

is this because they didn't feel inclined to spend time with the stepparent? Or both parents because the parents are spending more time together?

there are generally more benefits to interacting with siblings

while there are benefits to interacting with other family members, the most important members are still the parents, which is why most studies are sone on parent-child relationships.

While parental relationships are most important, studies revealed that interacting with both parents was more beneficial, suggesting benefits to interacting with multiple family members.

This study was important in expanding our knowledge of adolescent development because it studied more than just immediate and parent-child relationships. It revealed the importance of interacting with other family members and how each member affcets adolescents

The American Time Use Survey- conducted annually to gather info about how people allocate their time. (Work, Family, Leisure, etc.)

compensation theory- when individuals adjust their behavior in response to perceived disadvantages or transgressions

congruence theory- model of attitude adjustments made after a person receives new info. (initially separate attitudes become connected after learning new info)

why is it most beneficial for them? I'm guessing it has something to do with how much time the parent spends trying to fulfill both parental roles.

Interacting with younger sibling is common, but the effect on adolescents isn't studied enough. We mostly have results of affects older siblings have

The role resident parents play during interactions with nonresident parents can affect the emotions adolescents have when interacting with nonresident parents

social capital- the value (advancing the goals of individuals and groups) from positive connections and relationships between individuals

Other family relationships are affected by parent-child relationships and any factor that affects a parent-child relationship, affects all family relationships (interactions, alliances, and boundaries)

Social learning theory- learning that occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling ex: kids will learn how to positively interact with other family members because they learned out to socially interact w their parents.

Parent-child interactions in a nonnuclear home (such as single parents or stepparents) can have resulting consequences for other family interactions. Both examples showed benefit of interacting with other family members. One by seeking out positive interactions with other members, and the other by a social learning theory.

exploring the different moods and responses children have when interacting with different family members (not just nuclear) provides us with a more in depth and nuanced view of adolescent core-affect

core affect- influence reflexes, cognition, perception, and behavior

Another example of how important representation and how detrimental a lack of it is.

I imagine that introducing renewable assignments would require a ton of set up and building a foundation for the students so they understand the concept, reasoning etc. before getting started.

Giving student options so that they can create something meaningful to them is so important!

C'est à cause de l'être humain qui laisse le numérique intègre dans tous les domaines de la vie, qui nous aboutis à perde de plus en plus notre identité

Je ne vois pas "l'évaluation" comme il est indiqué dans le texte, nous évaluons quelque trucs mais pas notre utilisation est tout le temps pour évaluer les choses; mais nous sommes évaluer par les inventeurs de numérique et l'algorithme

on ne peut plus être indépendant d'eux

Les avantages du numérique

Utilisation de la psychologie pour nous faire attacher au numérique

L'importance de l'interface dans le numérique

La naturalisation de numérique qui devient une partie essentiel dans notre quotidien

This entire section can be useful for educators working on developing Guidance Policies. Preventative measures are key in, well, preventing any unwanted situations. I think it's important for educators to self-reflect and make sure they are promoting a safe, kind, and appropriate environment before introducing the children to it.

This reminds me of a time last summer when a child climbed to the top of the monkey bars, and was incapable of getting down to try to get down. She cried as everyone looked on. I offered suggestions such as scooting across to the lowest part where she could safely get down onto the connected playground structure. As well as holding onto the monkey bars and slipping through the middle, and safely dropping on the floor. However, she was too scared to try anything, remaining frozen in fear at the top.

After about 15 minutes, the teacher and I decided to have me remain on the floor and lift her tiny hands from clenching onto the monkey bars. At the same time, the main teacher went behind the student, picked her up, and passed her to me to help set her down safely onto the playground structure. Although the student was scared, she was relieved to be out of the situation. It surprised me that there were regulations set for instances like this. This is really good to know for any future situations.

In some cases, children may come from a home where neither of these two key concepts of child development are present. What are ways that educators can mitigate an/or work our way around any possible negative results in school environment stemming from the lack of these two key concepts?

Un análisis con ELSOC

la conceptualizacion y medicion de cohesion social para AL del OCS

Relevaría aquí que, dada la relevancia de la cohesión social para mantener la estabilidad de la sociedad, el lazo etc, poder medirlo empiricamete es clave y ello es algo fragmentado a nivel internacional y no existe un esfuerzo como tal en Chile antes del OCS

Hi, I was interested in the full dataset but it looks like the data either have not yet been deposited or the placeholders have accidentally not been replaced here. I was also unable to also find them via an admittedly cursory search directly in the appropriate repos (recognizing that the US government shutdown may be delaying updating of NCBI).

Is this uppercased letters intentional?

Should be:

b. Call GET /1-click/verifications/{verificationUuid}

Might confuse the reader that he has to call GET /1-click/verifications

The varianceexplained.org analysis of Trump’s tweets is a great example of how data science can uncover patterns behind online personas — it really connects to this chapter’s discussion of authenticity. I found it fascinating how statistical language analysis can expose who’s “really” speaking behind a public account, showing that authenticity online can sometimes be measured rather than just perceived.

It feels like Schrodinger's Asshole's have become so much more prominent online in recent years and I think its a consequence of how cynical people have become. Its definitely a way for people to signal their actual beliefs and then attempt to bail out when they face social repercussions for those beliefs.

I think this video on Jennifer Lawrence is a perfect example of online personas, and people's parasocial relationships with celebrities. Jennifer Lawrence in the video is said the be the ultimate cool girl. Doing things like hanging out her her male co stars, casually eating junk food while maintaining a slim figure, and being unfiltered. A stark contrast from her often serious and tough roles-- such as Katniss Everdeen. This left a lot of people speculating if her "cool girl" personality was even real, or just something she contrived to seem more relatable. So as this shows, no matter how Jennifer Lawrence acts, she will always have people questioning the authenticity of what she choose to display to the public, despite them not even knowing her in person.

When reading this source, about COVID-19, one factor that I realized was the number of fatality's that were encountered for. It seems like this source actually undermines the actual number, perhaps to make people less in a panic. However, this could lead to the majority of the public to be untrusting of the sources giving them data, which in turn will lead to future reportings not being taken as serious.

I partially agree with this tweet's contents regarding mental health and relationships towards jobs. I also disagree with how large of a generalization this is of a huge group of people.

I remember back when this happened, when Twitter was still X. So many people cried out in anger when Trump was banned, claiming that free speech was being infringed upon. But Twitter was a private company that had the right to ban whoever it wanted. The reaction so many people, including Elon Musk and Trump himself, I feel was the writing on the walls to Musk eventually purchasing Twitter. But also looking into the question of authenticity, and seeing that Trump may have had a team specifically hired to post inflammatory rhetoric really speaks to how difficult moderation is on the internet, and how much the platform of Twitter has changed as Musk took over.

One of the things that I noticed in this source was the inauthenticity that was discussed about the COVID-19 death rates, showing that the true number of deaths was actually much higher than official reports said. Things like this can cause mistrust among societies, which can ultimately lead to their downfall.

This is so valuable!

This refers to ads like the Jumbotron display.?

I think the parallels between the horses and racism are pretty strange.

Adding a bit more to the exploratory part of the work, by questioning why marriages with non-English-speaking spouses start off great, but later fail. The author then answers their own question.

This part initially surprised me when the topic was about talking to animals, then all of a sudden to started to talk about slavery.

The connection between humans and animals.

First glance at the author introducing communication as the topic of this work. Exploring how communication between animals and humans can be lost, but at the fault of the human.

I think authenticity as to who is actually making post on any social media is very important. With Donald Trump any tweet on his account is assumed to be his as it was his personal account, so having knowledge that another person was making tweets under his name is certainly frustrating.

Do you think it should be in quotes?

Vosotros

I was struck by the tension in the chapter between authenticity as honesty and authenticity as the matching of presentation and interaction. The idea that social media personas can “feel” authentic even when they’re partly performed makes me wonder: in platforms driven by algorithms and engagement metrics, do we discourage real authenticity because performative authenticity “wins” more often?

Est-il usuel de désigner la péninsule par le seul adjectif « Indochinoise » ?

Pouvez-vous confirmer que le « fonds indo-chinois » est bien écrit avec cette orthographe et sans la majuscule dans le titre de ce document ?

Plus haut, à la note 9, la « Note sur le fonds Indochinois » est localisée sous la cote E317 ; dans la note précédente, la cote E178 est identifiée comme celle de la « Note à l'attention de Monsieur l'Administrateur général sur l'urgente nécessité ... ». La cote E178 est-elle correcte ?

Langetermijngeheugen = - grote capaciteit en duur - de items blijven inactief, totdat het STM ze ophaalt - PRIMING = activering van informatie in het LTM door sensorische input: gebeurt onbewust.

Processen om informatie te verplaatsen = - ophalen (nadenken over het verleden), tegenhanger coderen, van LMT naar STM. - coderen = iets proberen te onthouden voor de toekomst, dit is actief en bewust - aandacht = aandacht schenken aan een informatiebron, zodat zintuiglijke input naar ons werkgeheugen gaat.

Parasocial relationships are so common nowadays, especially in pop culture. We see this behavior done with fans of artist, fans of movies, or social media influencers. I believe that there is a difference between "admiring" someones work and then "obsessing" over someones work. There should be a clear line between the two, and some people don't have that thinking. In this example, we see that this lady believes Mr. Rodgers knows of her. While this is true in someway, he doesn't really "know" her. He just acknowledges her. But to this girl she genuinely believes that she is a part of his life.

I personally wouldn't say that I am in any parasocial relationships with media figures or people in my life currently. I was however in a lot of parasocial relationships as a child with characters like SpongeBob, Finn from adventure time, and various other shows and cartoons.

Biologists have traditionally classified all living organisms into two major groups, the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes (Figure 2.1). A prokaryote is a unicellular organism with a relatively simple cell structure. **A eukaryote has a compartmentalized cell structure with components bounded by intracellular membranes; eukaryotes may be either unicellular or multicellular.