- Oct 2024
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emust bewareofacertaincrazeforcollectingwhich sometimestakespossessionofthosewhomakenotes.Theywanttohaveafullnotebookorfilingcabinet;theyareinahurrytoputsomethingintheemptyspaces,andtheyaccumulatepassagesasotherpeoplefillstamp and postcard albums.Thatisadeplorablepractice;itisasortofchild-ishness,andrisksbecomingamania. Orderisanecessity, butitmustserveus,notweit.Toin-dulge obstinatelyinaccumulatingandcompletingistoturn one’smindaway from producingandeyen from learning; excessive attentiontoclassifi-cation interferes withuse;nowinthisconnectioneverything mustbesubordinatedtothegoodofthework.
If you collect everything, you collect nothing.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Disease: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) type 1
Patient(s): 13 yo, female and 14 yo, female, both Italian
Variant: VWF NM_000552.5: c.820A>C p. (Thr274Pro)
Dominant negative effect
Heterozygous carrier
Variant located in the D1 domain on VWF
Phenotypes:
heterozygous carriers have no bleeding history
reduced VWF levels compatible with diagnosis of VWD type 1
increased FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio, suggests reduced VWF synthesis/secretion as possible phathophysiological mechanism
Normal VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio
Modest alteration of multimeric pattern in plasma and platelet multimers
plasma VWF showed slight increase of LMWM and decrease of IMWM and HMWM
Platelet VWF showed quantitative decrease of IMWM, HMWM, and UL multimers
In silico analysis:
SIFT, ALIGN, GVD Polyphen 2.0, SNP&GO, Mutation Taster, Pmut all suggest damaging consequences.
PROVEAN and Effect suggest neutral effect
according to ACMG guidelines this variant was classified as pathogenic
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- Aug 2024
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www.swissre.com www.swissre.com
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cosystem services can beclassified as
for - ecosystem services - classification
ecosystem services - classification - provisional - fibre - textiles - construction - paper products - packaging - food - pollination - direct harvest - freshwater purification - medicine - regulative - disease management - climate regulation - freshwater purification - supportive / processes - nutrient cycling - pollination - soil formation - cultural / religious / spiritual - aesthetic - educational - recreational
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- Jul 2024
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The table below lists the general categories of bodies and objects by their location or structure.
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- Apr 2024
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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different 00:11:55 traditions in relation to these uh different styles of practice
for - classification table - types of Buddhist practice - nondual vs classical
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two styles of mindfulness
for - two types of mindfulness
Buddhist classifcation - two types of mindfulness - classical - requires - memory of specific Buddhist teachings - dhammas mental framework<br /> - ethical consideraions - think of these things - don't think of those things - nondual - not distracted by anything - nothing in particular to focus on - no objject of attention
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Local file Local file
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ClassificationIV CLASSIFICATION98 Meanings To explain the meaning of the term classifica-tion, let us take a family of related terms andcompare the range of their meaning. The following will serveour purpose:to enumerate, to arrange, to class, to classify, to systemise,to organise.
you have to appreciate him differentiating his terms even if he's not coming to terms with others.
He's a professional librarian at the turn of the 20th century, so his definitions of words like enumerate, arrange, class, classify, systematize, and organize will be intriguing.
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Classification work is however not quite as simple as it maylook, on the contrary, it is a rather tricky subject, for wemust give our classes a name, we must define them, we mustknow at any rate ourselves where they begin and where theyend. It would never do for the classes to interfere with each,other, they must be defined so that they neither overlap amongthemselves nor leave any ground of the organisation as a wholeuncovered. That is certainly a difficulty but it is not insur-mountable where patience and perseverance are brought to»bear.
Kaiser's idea of classification work bears close similarity to Mortimer Adler/Charles Van Doren's concept of coming to terms. There are subtle shades between ideas which must be differentiated so as to better situate them with respect to others.
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Since a smaller number can be more easily 29of numbers controlled than a larger one, the aim of or-ganisation obviously is to reduce the numbersto a manageable compass so as to assure adequate control.That is done by dividing the numbers off into groups, depart-ments, classes etc. Thus we may have classes of materials,labour etc, or we may have classes of kinds of materials,labour etc, according to the nature of our business and theextent of our organisation. These classes provide us with thefoundation, the fixed points on which our organisation can bebuilt up.Classification — the mapping out of the various classes— is there- 30fore a subject of the greatest importance in all organisationwork.
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- Mar 2024
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Taxonomy allows for a structured classification system of genre, as opposed to a more contemporary rhetorical model of genre.
Meaning...? Genre isn't a taxonomy because taxonomy requires more structured classification?
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- Feb 2024
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www.librarything.com www.librarything.com
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https://www.librarything.com/mds
Melvil Decimal System (LibraryThing's equivalent of DDC, apparently in an attempt not to run afoul of the OCLC's Trademark.)
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blog.librarything.com blog.librarything.com
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Introducing Dewmoji: Emoji for Dewey Decimals®. A joke on Twitter about finding Emojis for every top-level Dewey Decimal class spun out of control and I ended up implementing something half-wonderful and half-terrible!
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- Jan 2024
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vielmetti.wordpress.com vielmetti.wordpress.com
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Noguchi Yukio 野口悠紀雄 argues that for the individual researcher, classification is an endless and fruitless task (1993, 1995, 1999, 2000), and proposes that library-type classification by subject be discarded in favor of chronological ordering (that is, ordering on the basis of what document has last been used). His method basically involves putting all material into A4 envelopes and placing the most recently used envelope at the end of the row.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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For example, I don't know how doing user research fits in, is it a task or this new "design" task.
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www.britannica.com www.britannica.com
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The Aristotelian method dominated classification until the 19th century. His scheme was, in effect, that the classification of a living thing by its nature—i.e., what it really is, as against superficial resemblances—requires the examination of many specimens, the discarding of variable characters (since they must be accidental, not essential), and the establishment of constant characters.
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taxonomy, in a broad sense the science of classification
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www.azolifesciences.com www.azolifesciences.com
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Taxonomy is the scientific classification of organisms.
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Classification is the process of grouping organisms together either based on features they have in common, or based on their ancestry, or sometimes both. This results in the arrangement of living things into groups.
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classroom.synonym.com classroom.synonym.com
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Taxonomies are more concerned with providing exhaustive lists while classification is not exhaustive.
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Both terms reflect the fact that we encounter large amounts of information in everyday life and our brains need some way to synthesize and contextualize that information.
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"Classification" and "taxonomy" are two closely related words that some people find confusing.
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- Nov 2023
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www.librarything.com www.librarything.com
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blog.librarything.com blog.librarything.com
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schema.org schema.org
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schema.org schema.org
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web.resource.org web.resource.org
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asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
- Oct 2023
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www.dnb.de www.dnb.de
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www.wipo.int www.wipo.int
- Sep 2023
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openbiblio.social openbiblio.social
- Aug 2023
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direct.mit.edu direct.mit.edu
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cso.kmi.open.ac.uk cso.kmi.open.ac.uk
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kitcat.bnf.fr kitcat.bnf.fr
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rameau.bnf.fr rameau.bnf.fr
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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- Jul 2023
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cv.iptc.org cv.iptc.org
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show.newscodes.org show.newscodes.org
- Jun 2023
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hal.archives-ouvertes.fr hal.archives-ouvertes.fr
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campus.dariah.eu campus.dariah.eu
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There are many different types of controlled vocabularies, the most common among them are: Thesaurus - a type of controlled vocabulary used in information systems that organizes concepts in hierarchical and/or associative relationships and provides their semantic definitions Classification schema - a system that based primarily on classifying things or concepts into groups or classes with a detailed explanation of those classification methods Subject heading list - a list of terms describing subjects in information system Taxonomy - a system that organizes things and concepts in groups based on their common characteristics and/or differences Terminology - a list of terms used to describe concepts in a certain domain Glossary - an alphabetical list of terms with their explanation used in a specific context
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www.piaf-archives.org www.piaf-archives.org
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dossierdoc.typepad.com dossierdoc.typepad.com
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www.cs.vu.nl www.cs.vu.nl
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publications-prairial.fr publications-prairial.fr
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schema.org schema.org
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schema.org schema.org
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id.loc.gov id.loc.gov
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id.loc.gov id.loc.gov
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jakobib.github.io jakobib.github.io
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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vocabulary.mimo-international.com vocabulary.mimo-international.com
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vocabulary.mimo-international.com vocabulary.mimo-international.com
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lab.cccb.org lab.cccb.org
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blogs.pjjk.net blogs.pjjk.net
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www.wikidata.org www.wikidata.org
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asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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searchengineland.com searchengineland.com
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accidental-taxonomist.blogspot.com accidental-taxonomist.blogspot.com
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ceur-ws.org ceur-ws.org
- May 2023
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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Hans H. Wellisch died on 2004-02-06.
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accidental-taxonomist.blogspot.com accidental-taxonomist.blogspot.com
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github.com github.com
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```php
$record) { if ($name<>"count" and $name<>"specials") { foreach ($record["site"] as $sitelink) { $site[$sitelink["dbname"]]=$sitelink["url"]; } } if ($name==="specials") { foreach ($record as $sitelink) { $site[$sitelink["dbname"]]=$sitelink["url"]; } } } /* Open files */ $fp = fopen('data/'.$entity_proc.'.ttl', 'w'); fwrite($fp, "@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .\n"); fwrite($fp, "@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .\n"); fwrite($fp, "@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .\n"); fwrite($fp, "@prefix wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/> .\n"); fwrite($fp, "@prefix wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/> .\n"); fwrite($fp,"\n"); fwrite($fp,"<http://www.wikidata.org/categories> rdf:type skos:ConceptScheme ;\n"); fwrite($fp," skos:prefLabel \"Wikidata categories\"@en .\n\n"); // echo $list_entities."\n"; $url = "https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=".$entity_proc."&props=labels|aliases|sitelinks&format=php&utf8="; $a = unserialize(file_get_contents($url)); foreach ($a["entities"] as $entity=>$data_entity) { fwrite($fp,"wd:".$entity." rdf:type skos:Concept ;\n"); fwrite($fp," skos:inScheme <http://www.wikidata.org/categories> "); if (isset($data_entity["labels"])) { foreach ($data_entity["labels"] as $label) { fwrite($fp,";\n skos:prefLabel \"".$label["value"]."\"@".$label["language"]." "); } } if (isset($data_entity["aliases"])) { foreach ($data_entity["aliases"] as $item) { foreach ($item as $label) { fwrite($fp,";\n skos:altLabel> \"".$label["value"]."\"@".$label["language"]." "); } } } foreach ($data_entity["sitelinks"] as $item) { if (in_array($item["site"],$array_sources)) { /* GET BROADER CATEGORIES */ $repeat_query=true; $cmcontinue=""; while ($repeat_query==true) { $repeat_query = false; $url_wiki = $site[$item["site"]]."/w/api.php?action=query&generator=categories&titles=".urlencode($item["title"])."&prop=pageprops|categoryinfo&format=php&utf8=".$cmcontinue; $b = unserialize(file_get_contents($url_wiki)); if (isset($b["continue"]["cmcontinue"])) { $repeat_query = true; $cmcontinue = $b["continue"]["cmcontinue"]; } if (isset($b["query"]["pages"])) { foreach ($b["query"]["pages"] as $broadcat) { if (isset($broadcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"])) { if (!isset($broader[$broadcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"]])) {$broader[$broadcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"]]=$broadcat["title"];} // fwrite($fp,"<http://www.wikidata.org/entity/".$entity_proc."> <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/".$broadcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"]."> <http://www.wikidata.org/categories/".$item["site"]."> .\n"); } } } } /* GET NARROWER CATEGORIES */ $repeat_query=true; $cmcontinue=""; while ($repeat_query==true) { $repeat_query = false; $url_wiki = $site[$item["site"]]."/w/api.php?action=query&generator=categorymembers&gcmtitle=".urlencode($item["title"])."&gcmtype=subcat&prop=pageprops|categoryinfo&format=php&utf8=".$cmcontinue; $b = unserialize(file_get_contents($url_wiki)); if (isset($b["continue"]["cmcontinue"])) { $repeat_query = true; $cmcontinue = $b["continue"]["cmcontinue"]; } if (isset($b["query"]["pages"])) { foreach ($b["query"]["pages"] as $narrowcat) { if (isset($narrowcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"])) { if (!isset($narrower[$narrowcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"]]) or $item["site"]=="enwiki") {$narrower[$narrowcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"]]=$narrowcat["title"];} // fwrite($fp,"<http://www.wikidata.org/entity/".$entity_proc."> <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrower> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/".$narrowcat["pageprops"]["wikibase_item"]."> <http://www.wikidata.org/categories/".$item["site"]."> .\n"); } } } } } } } $prevalue=""; foreach ($broader as $target=>$value) { fwrite($fp,";".$prevalue."\n skos:broader wd:".$target); $prevalue=" # ".$value; } if ($prevalue!=="") {fwrite($fp,$prevalue);} $prevalue=""; foreach ($narrower as $target=>$value) { fwrite($fp,";".$prevalue."\n skos:narrower wd:".$target); $prevalue=" # ".$value; } if ($prevalue!=="") {fwrite($fp,$prevalue);} fwrite($fp,".\n\n"); fclose($fp); ?>```
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schema.org schema.org
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schema.org schema.org
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developers.google.com developers.google.com
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schema.org schema.org
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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I went to that website and he mentions the Dewey Decimal Classification System. I have look around and only found examples/files that goes a few levels deep. He gives an example: 516.375 Finsler geometry BUT I can not find any DDC files that goes to that level of classification. The DDC is finer grain than the what the AOoD system goes so for me I am going with the DDC for possible keywords list.Any ideas where I can find a complete DDC listing I can download?
reply to drogers8 at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/13eyg8p/comment/jkaksn4/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3
You can find some basic top level or second level DDC listings online, but to get the full set of listings, you've got to subscribe to the system which is updated every few years, something only library systems and large publishers typically do. To give yourself an idea of how deep this rabbit hole goes the DDC 23 is four volumes long and each volume is in the 1,000 page range. The DDC 23 self-identifies as 0.25.4'31-dc22. For most categories DDC generally only goes as deep as the thousands place (like Finsler geometry) though others will go slightly deeper usually to designate locations/cities. Most libraries only categorize to the tenths place, and sometimes these numbers can be found on the copyright page of books, often with the DDC volume number. I mentioned the UDC in that piece, but didn't give any links, but you could try:<br /> - https://udcsummary.info/php/index.php?lang=en - https://udcc.org/index.php/site/page?view=subject_coverage - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Decimal_Classification
Honestly, you're wasting time and making way more work for yourself to adopt one of these numbering methods for a Luhmann-esque zettelkasten. Try asking yourself this question: What benefits/affordances will I get in the long run for having my numbering system mirror the DDC or UDC? (Unless you can come up with a really fantastic answer, you're just making more work to look up headings/numbers on a regular basis.)
In practice the numbers are simply addresses so you can quickly find things again using your index. If you're doing threads of cards (folgezettel), you're going to very quickly have tangentially related ideas of things mixed together anyway. (As an example, I've got lots of science and even some anthropology mixed into my math section, so having DDC numbers on those would be generally useless at the end of the day.) If it helps, Nicolas Gatien has a pretty reasonable and short video which makes this apparent: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdHH3YjOnZE.
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Extended numbering and why use Outline of Disciplines at all? .t3_13eyg8p._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; } Several things:Why are there different listings for the Academic Outline of Disciplines? Some starts the top level with Humanities and other start with Arts which changes the numbering?I am createing an Antinet for all things. Some of the levels of the AOOD has more then 9 items so Scott's 4 digit system would not work. For some levels I would have to use two digits. Thoughts?Why even use said system? Why is it a bad reason to just start with #1 that indicates the first subject sequence, #2 for a different subject etc..?
reply to u/drogers8 at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/13eyg8p/extended_numbering_and_why_use_outline_of/
Based on my research, Scott Scheper was the one of the original source for people adopting the Academic Outline of Disciplines. I've heard him say before that he recommends it only as a potential starting place for people who are new to the space and need it as a crutch to get going. It's an odd suggestion as almost all of the rest of his system is so Luhmann-based. I suspect it's a quirk of how he personally started and once moving it was easier than starting over. He also used his own ZK for showing others, and it's hard to say one thing in a teaching video when showing people something else. Ultimately it's hard to mess up on numbering choices unless you're insistent on using only whole numbers or natural numbers. I generally wouldn't suggest complex numbers either, but you might find some interesting things within your system if you did. More detail: https://boffosocko.com/2022/10/27/thoughts-on-zettelkasten-numbering-systems/ The only reason to have any standardized base or standardized numbers would be if you were attempting to have a large shared ZK with others. If this is your intent, then perhaps look at the Universal Decimal Classification, though a variety of things might also work including Dewey Decimal.
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www.getty.edu www.getty.edu
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schema.org schema.org
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schema.org schema.org
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schema.org schema.org
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```html
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="VisualArtwork"> <link property="sameAs" href="http://rdf.freebase.com/rdf/m.0439_q" />La trahison des images
A <span property="artform">painting</span> also known as <span>The Treason of Images</span> or <span property="alternateName">The Treachery of Images</span>.
<div property="description">
The painting shows a pipe. Below it, Magritte painted, <q lang="fr">Ceci n'est pas une pipe.</q>, French for "This is not a pipe."
His statement is taken to mean that the painting itself is not a pipe. The painting is merely an image of a pipe. Hence, the description, "this is not a pipe."
Similarly, the image shown above is neither a pipe nor even a painting, but rather a digital photograph.
The painting is sometimes given as an example of meta message conveyed by paralanguage. Compare with Korzybski's <q>The word is not the thing</q> and <q>The map is not the territory</q>. </div>
- Artist: <span property="creator" typeof="Person"> <span property="name">René Magritte</span> </span>
- Dimensions: <span property="width" typeof="Distance">940 mm</span> × <span property="height" typeof="Distance">635 mm</span>
- Materials: <span property="artMedium">oil</span> on <span property="artworkSurface">canvas</span>
```
```html
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="VisualArtwork"> <link property="sameAs" href="http://rdf.freebase.com/rdf/m.0dbwsn" />My Bed
My Bed, first created in <time property="dateCreated" datetime="1998">1998</time>, is an <span property="artform">installation</span> by the British artist Tracey Emin.
<div property="description">
<cite>My Bed</cite> was exhibited at the Tate Gallery in <time datetime="1998">1999</time> as one of the shortlisted works for the Turner Prize. It consisted of her bed with bedroom objects in an abject state, and gained much media attention. Although it did not win the prize, its notoriety has persisted. </div>
- Artist: <span property="creator" typeof="Person"> <span property="name">Tracey Emin</span> </span>
The artwork generated considerable media furore, particularly over the fact that the <span property="artMedium">bedsheets</span> were stained with bodily secretions and the floor had items from the artist's room (such as <span property="artMedium">condoms</span>, <span property="artMedium">a pair of knickers</span> with menstrual period stains, other detritus, and functional, everyday objects, including a <span property="artMedium">pair of slippers</span>). The <span property="artMedium">bed</span> was presented in the state that Emin claimed it had been when she said she had not got up from it for several days due to suicidal depression brought on by relationship difficulties.
</div>```
```html
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="VisualArtwork"> <link property="sameAs" href="http://www.pada.net/members/memPicFull.php/38/367" />Still Life under the Lamp
<span property="artform">Print</span> from <time property="dateCreated" datetime="1962">1962</time> by Pablo Picasso. Numbered from the edition of <span property="artEdition">50</span>, each signed by the artist in pencil, lower right: Picasso.
<div property="description">
<cite>Still Life under the Lamp</cite>, from 1962, made when the artist was eighty years old, are counted among Picasso’s most important works in linocut, a technique that he explored in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The progressive proofs show the step by step sequence by which Picasso created his linocut images showing the development of the image into its final form.
</div>- Artist: <span property="creator" typeof="Person"> <span property="name">Pablo Picasso</span> </span>
- Dimensions: <span property="width" typeof="Distance">25 3/16 inches</span> × <span property="height" typeof="Distance">20 3/4 inches</span>
- Materials: <span property="artMedium">linoprint</span> on <span property="artworkSurface">paper</span>
- See also here and here.
```
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schema.org schema.org
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```html
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Painting"><span property="name">The Madonna with the Long Neck</span>
<span property="genre" content="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300021143">Late Renaissance</span> painting by <span property="creator">Parmigianino</span>. </div>```
```html
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Painting">
<meta property="sameAs" content="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_at_Auvers" />
<span property="name">The Church at Auvers</span> by
<div property="creator" typeof="Person">
<span property="name">Vincent van Gogh</span>
</div>, depicts a church in
<div property="contentLocation" typeof="AdministrativeArea">
<span property="name">Auvers-sur-Oise</span>,
</div> but was created in
<div property="locationCreated" typeof="AdministrativeArea">
<span property="name">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</span>.
</div>
</div>
```
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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grham.hypotheses.org grham.hypotheses.org
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elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
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wdmapper.readthedocs.io wdmapper.readthedocs.io
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databus.dbpedia.org databus.dbpedia.org
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www.semanticscholar.org www.semanticscholar.org
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eprints.rclis.org eprints.rclis.org
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Alternative numbering and classifications .t3_132o4w7._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; } Although Wikipedia Outline of academic disciplines seems like an ok place to start, it seems not ideal. Are there any guides I could use to develop my own numbering? I'm a historian, so treating it as a subcategory is not ideal, especially given how diverse this field is when it comes to its scope (what I mean by that is that you can divide history into many subcategories by period, field, geography etc.) I've taken a look at Propædia, which provides some interesting categories, but again, some of which are no interest to me (in terms of making notes about them).TLDR; Do you have any times for developing personal numbering system for your notes using decimal system? I'm developing ideas for my thesis and future dissertation, so I could arrange my notes around categories that, but I'd like to still have place for notes outside this spectrum (ideas for future papers etc.).
reply to u/zielkarz at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/132o4w7/alternative_numbering_and_classifications/
Assigning random decimal numbers is more than adequate and is roughly what you'll have in the long term anyway... see https://boffosocko.com/2022/10/27/thoughts-on-zettelkasten-numbering-systems/ for some of what I've written on this before.
Because of the way that the topology of dense sets work in the real (decimal) numbers, any topic you give a number can be made arbitrarily close to any other topic you choose. As a result the numbers you choose are generally inconsequential, so simply choose something that you feel makes sense to you.
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- Apr 2023
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www.getty.edu www.getty.edu
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delong.typepad.com delong.typepad.com
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The first rule of analytical reading can be expressed asfollows : RULE 1. You MUST KNOW WHAT KIND OF BOK YOU AREREADING, AND YOU SHOULD KNOW THIS AS EARLY IN THE PROCESSAS POSSIBLE, PREFERABLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN TO READ.
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- Feb 2023
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stanfordmag.org stanfordmag.org
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www.healthline.com www.healthline.com
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Are there symbols for 'supported by' or 'contradicted by' etc. to show not quite formal logical relations in a short hand?
reply to u/stjeromeslibido at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/10qw4l5/are_there_symbols_for_supported_by_or/
In addition to the other excellent suggestions, I don't think you'll find anything specific that that was used historically for these, but there are certainly lots of old annotation symbols you might be able to co-opt for your personal use.
Evina Steinova has a great free cheat sheet list of annotation symbols: The Most Common Annotation Symbols in Early Medieval Western Manuscripts (a cheat sheet).
More of this rabbit hole:
- Steinová, Evina. Notam Superponere Studui: The Use of Annotation Symbols in the Early Middle Ages. Brepols, 2019.
- Cappelli, Adriano. The Elements of Abbreviation in Medieval Latin Paleography. University of Kansas Libr., 1984.
- Coulson, Frank, and Robert Babcock. The Oxford Handbook of Latin Palaeography. Oxford University Press, 2020.
- Lindsay, W. M. Notae Latinae. Cambridge University Press, 2013. https://archive.org/download/notaelatinaeacco00lindrich/notaelatinaeacco00lindrich.pdf.
- Bains, Doris. A Supplement to Notae Latinae (Abbreviations in Latin Mss. of 850 to 1050 A.D.). Cambridge [England] University Press, 1936. http://archive.org/details/supplementtonota0000bain.
(Nota bene: most of my brief research here only extends to Western traditions, primarily in Latin and Greek. Obviously other languages and eras will have potential ideas as well.)
Tironian shorthand may have something you could repurpose as well: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tironian_notes
Some may find the auxiliary signs of the Universal Decimal Classification useful for some of these sorts of notations for conjoining ideas.
Given the past history of these sorts of symbols and their uses, perhaps it might be useful for us all to aggregate a list of common ones we all use as a means of re-standardizing some of them in modern contexts? Which ones does everyone use?
Here are some I commonly use:
Often for quotations, citations, and provenance of ideas, I'll use Maria Popova and Tina Roth Eisenberg's Curator's Code:
- ᔥ for "via" to denote a direct quotation/source— something found elsewhere and written with little or no modification or elaboration (reformulation notes)
- ↬ for "hat tip" to stand for indirect discovery — something for which you got the idea at a source, but modified or elaborated on significantly (inspiration by a source, but which needn't be cited)
Occasionally I'll use a few nanoformats, from the microblogging space, particularly
- L: to indicate location
For mathematical proofs, in addition to their usual meanings, I'll use two symbols to separate biconditionals (necessary/sufficient conditions)
- (⇒) as a heading for the "if" portion of the proof
- (⇐) for the "only if" portion
Some historians may write 19c to indicate 19th Century, often I'll abbreviate using Roman numerals instead, so "XIX".
Occasionally, I'll also throw drolleries or other symbols into my margins to indicate idiosyncratic things that may only mean something specifically to me. This follows in the medieval traditions of the ars memoria, some of which are suggested in Cornwell, Hilarie, and James Cornwell. Saints, Signs, and Symbols: The Symbolic Language of Christian Art 3rd Edition. Church Publishing, Inc., 2009. The modern day equivalent of this might be the use of emoji with slang meanings or 1337 (leet) speak.
Tags
- paleography
- Evina Steinova
- Maria Popova
- Tina Roth Eisenberg
- emoji
- manuscript studies
- annotation symbols
- shorthand
- Tironian shorthand
- symbology
- nanoformats
- Medieval texts
- Curator's Code
- via
- hat tip
- Universal Decimal Classification
- leet speak
- ars memoria
- reply
- note taking affordances
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- Jan 2023
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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docs.citationstyles.org docs.citationstyles.org
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Appendix I - Categories
- anthropology
- astronomy
- biology
- botany
- chemistry
- communications
- engineering
- generic-base - used for generic styles like Harvard and APA
- geography
- geology
- history
- humanities
- law
- linguistics
- literature
- math
- medicine
- philosophy
- physics
- political_science
- psychology
- science
- social_science
- sociology
- theology
- zoology
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schema.org schema.org
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www.ala.org www.ala.org
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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www.w3.org www.w3.orgXKOS1
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- Dec 2022
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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We repeat this procedure 10,000 times. The value of 10,000 was selected because 9604 is the minimum size of samples required to estimate an error of 1 % with 95 % confidence [this is according to a conservative method; other methods also require <10,000 samples size (Newcombe 1998)]
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- Nov 2022
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sapienta.papro.org.uk sapienta.papro.org.uk
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www.scopujournals.com www.scopujournals.com
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www.programmableweb.com www.programmableweb.com
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dev.elsevier.com dev.elsevier.com
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www.journalsindexed.com www.journalsindexed.com
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 457px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 13970; mso-width-source: userset; width: 287pt;" width="382"> <col style="mso-width-alt: 2742; mso-width-source: userset; width: 56pt;" width="75"> </colgroup><tbody> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51859" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"> Description </span></td> <td class="xl51860" style="border-left: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="color: white;"> Code </span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">General</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1000</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1100</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1101</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Agronomy and Crop Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1102</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Animal Science and Zoology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1103</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Aquatic Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1104</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1105</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Food Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1106</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Forestry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1107</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Horticulture</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1108</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Insect Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1109</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Plant Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1110</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Soil Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1111</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Arts and Humanities(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1200</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1201</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">History</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1202</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Language and Linguistics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1203</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Archaeology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1204</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Classics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1205</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Conservation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1206</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">History and Philosophy of Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1207</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Literature and Literary Theory</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1208</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Museology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1209</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Music</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1210</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Philosophy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1211</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Religious studies</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1212</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Visual Arts and Performing Arts</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1213</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1300</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1301</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ageing</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1302</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biochemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1303</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biophysics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1304</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biotechnology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1305</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Cancer Research</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1306</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Cell Biology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1307</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Clinical Biochemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1308</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Developmental Biology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1309</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Endocrinology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1310</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Genetics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1311</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Molecular Biology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1312</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Molecular Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1313</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Physiology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1314</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Structural Biology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1315</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Business, Management and Accounting(all) </span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1400</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1401</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Accounting</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1402</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Business and International Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1403</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Management Information Systems</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1404</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Management of <span style="color: blue;">Technology </span>and Innovation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1405</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Marketing</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1406</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1407</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Strategy and Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1408</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1409</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Industrial relations</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1410</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Chemical Engineering(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1500</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1501</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Bioengineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1502</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Catalysis</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1503</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Chemical Health and Safety</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1504</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Colloid and Surface Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1505</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Filtration and Separation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1506</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1507</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Process Chemistry and Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1508</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Chemistry(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1600</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Chemistry (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1601</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Analytical Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1602</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Electrochemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1603</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Inorganic Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1604</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Organic Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1605</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Physical and Theoretical Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1606</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Spectroscopy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1607</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Computer Science</span> (all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1700</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computer Science (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1701</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Artificial Intelligence</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1702</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computational Theory and Mathematics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1703</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1704</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computer Networks and Communications</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1705</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computer Science Applications</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1706</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1707</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Hardware and Architecture</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1708</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Human-Computer Interaction</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1709</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Information Systems</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1710</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Signal Processing</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1711</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Software</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1712</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Decision Sciences(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1800</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Decision Sciences (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1801</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Information Systems and Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1802</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Management Science and Operations Research</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1803</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1804</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1900</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1901</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Atmospheric Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1902</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computers in Earth Sciences</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1903</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Earth-Surface Processes</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1904</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Economic Geology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1905</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geochemistry and Petrology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1906</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1907</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geophysics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1908</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1909</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Oceanography</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1910</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Palaeontology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1911</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Space and Planetary Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1912</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Stratigraphy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">1913</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Economics, Econometrics and Finance(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2000</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2001</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Economics and Econometrics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2002</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Finance</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2003</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Energy(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2100</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Energy (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2101</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Energy Engineering and Power Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2102</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Fuel Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2103</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nuclear Energy and Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2104</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2105</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Engineering(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2200</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Engineering (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2201</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Aerospace Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2202</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Automotive Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2203</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biomedical Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2204</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Civil and Structural Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2205</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computational Mechanics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2206</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Control and Systems Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2207</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Electrical and Electronic Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2208</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2209</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Mechanical Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2210</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Mechanics of Materials</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2211</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ocean Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2212</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2213</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51852" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Media Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2214</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51852" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Building and Construction</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2215</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51852" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Architecture </span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2216</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Environmental Science(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2300</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Environmental Science (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2301</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ecological Modelling</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2302</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ecology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2303</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Environmental Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2304</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Environmental Engineering</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2305</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Global and Planetary Change</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2306</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2307</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2308</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nature and Landscape Conservation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2309</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pollution</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2310</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Waste Management and Disposal</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2311</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Water Science and Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2312</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Immunology and Microbiology(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2400</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous) </span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2401</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2402</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Immunology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2403</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Microbiology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2404</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Parasitology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2405</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Virology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2406</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Materials Science(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2500</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Materials Science (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2501</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biomaterials</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2502</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ceramics and Composites</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2503</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2504</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Materials Chemistry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2505</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Metals and Alloys</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2506</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Polymers and Plastics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2507</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Surfaces, Coatings and Films</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2508</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Mathematics </span>(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2600</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Mathematics (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2601</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Algebra and Number Theory</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2602</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Analysis</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2603</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Applied Mathematics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2604</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Computational Mathematics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2605</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Control and Optimization</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2606</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2607</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geometry and Topology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2608</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Logic</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2609</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Mathematical Physics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2610</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Modelling and Simulation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2611</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Numerical Analysis</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2612</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Statistics and Probability</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2613</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Theoretical Computer Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2614</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51855" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Medicine </span>(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2700</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Medicine (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2701</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Anatomy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2702</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2703</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biochemistry, medical</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2704</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2705</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2706</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Complementary and alternative medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2707</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Dermatology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2708</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Drug guides</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2709</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Embryology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2710</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Emergency Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2711</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2712</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Epidemiology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2713</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Family Practice</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2714</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Gastroenterology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2715</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Genetics(clinical)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2716</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geriatrics and Gerontology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2717</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health Informatics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2718</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health Policy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2719</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Hematology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2720</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Hepatology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2721</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Histology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2722</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Immunology and Allergy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2723</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Internal Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2724</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Infectious Diseases</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2725</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Microbiology (medical)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2726</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nephrology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2727</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Clinical Neurology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2728</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Obstetrics and Gynaecology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2729</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Oncology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2730</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Ophthalmology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2731</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Orthopedics and Sports Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2732</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Otorhinolaryngology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2733</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pathology and Forensic Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2734</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2735</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmacology (medical)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2736</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Physiology (medical)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2737</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Psychiatry and Mental health</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2738</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2739</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2740</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2741</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Rehabilitation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2742</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Reproductive Medicine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2743</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Reviews and References, Medical</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2744</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Rheumatology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2745</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Surgery</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2746</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Transplantation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2747</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Urology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2748</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Neuroscience(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2800</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Neuroscience (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2801</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Behavioral Neuroscience</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2802</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Biological Psychiatry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2803</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2804</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Cognitive Neuroscience</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2805</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Developmental Neuroscience</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2806</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Endocrine and Autonomic Systems</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2807</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Neurology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2808</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Sensory Systems</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2809</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51855" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nursing(all) </span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2900</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nursing (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2901</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Advanced and Specialised Nursing</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2902</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Assessment and Diagnosis</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2903</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Care Planning</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2904</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Community and Home Care</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2905</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Critical Care</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2906</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Emergency</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2907</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Fundamentals and skills</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2908</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Gerontology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2909</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Issues, ethics and legal aspects</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2910</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Leadership and Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2911</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">LPN and LVN</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2912</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Maternity and Midwifery</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2913</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Medical–Surgical</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2914</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nurse Assisting</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2915</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nutrition and Dietetics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2916</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Oncology(nursing)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2917</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pathophysiology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2918</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pediatrics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2919</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmacology (nursing)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2920</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Phychiatric Mental Health</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2921</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Research and Theory</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2922</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Review and Exam Preparation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">2923</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all) </span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3000</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3001</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Drug Discovery</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3002</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmaceutical Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3003</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmacology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3004</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Toxicology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3005</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Physics and Astronomy(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3100</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3101</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51858" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Acoustics and Ultrasonics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3102</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Astronomy and Astrophysics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3103</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Condensed Matter Physics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3104</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Instrumentation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3105</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Nuclear and High Energy Physics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3106</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3107</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Radiation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3108</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Statistical and Nonlinear Physics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3109</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Surfaces and Interfaces</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3110</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Psychology(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3200</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Psychology (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3201</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Applied Psychology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3202</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Clinical Psychology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3203</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Developmental and Educational Psychology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3204</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Experimental and Cognitive Psychology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3205</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3206</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Social Psychology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3207</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51857" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Social Sciences(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3300</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Social Sciences (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3301</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Archaeology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3302</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Development</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3303</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Education</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3304</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Geography, Planning and Development</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3305</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health(social science)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3306</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Human Factors and Ergonomics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3307</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Law</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3308</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Library and Information Sciences</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3309</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Linguistics and Language</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3310</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Safety Research</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3311</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Sociology and Political Science</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3312</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51850" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Transportation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3313</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Anthropology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3314</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Communication</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3315</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Cultural Studies</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3316</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Demography</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3317</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Gender Studies</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3318</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Life-span and Life-course Studies</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3319</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Political Science and International Relations</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3320</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Public Administration</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3321</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51856" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Urban Studies</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3322</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51854" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">veterinary(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3400</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51852" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">veterinary (miscalleneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3401</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Equine</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3402</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Food Animals</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3403</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Small Animals</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3404</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51855" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Dentistry(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3500</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Dentistry (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3501</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Dental Assisting</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3502</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Dental Hygiene</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3503</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Oral Surgery</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3504</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Orthodontics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3505</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Periodontics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3506</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51854" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health Professions(all)</span></td> <td class="xl51853" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3600</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51852" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health Professions (miscellaneous)</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3601</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Chiropractics</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3602</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Complementary and Manual Therapy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3603</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Emergency Medical Services</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3604</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Health Information Management</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3605</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Medical Assisting and Transcription</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3606</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Medical Laboratory Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3607</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Medical Terminology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3608</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Occupational Therapy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3609</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Optometry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3610</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Pharmacy</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3611</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3612</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Podiatry</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3613</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Radiological and Ultrasound Technology</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3614</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Respiratory Care</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3615</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.75pt;" height="17"> <td class="xl51851" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; width: 287pt;" width="382" height="17"><span style="background-color: white;">Speech and Hearing</span></td> <td class="xl51849" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;"><span style="background-color: white;">3616</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table>
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- Oct 2022
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writing.bobdoto.computer writing.bobdoto.computer
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The question often asked: "What happens when you want to add a new note between notes 1/1 and 1/1a?"
Thoughts on Zettelkasten numbering systems
I've seen variations of the beginner Zettelkasten question:
"What happens when you want to add a new note between notes 1/1 and 1/1a?"
asked at least a dozen times in the Reddit fora related to note taking and zettelkasten, on zettelkasten.de, or in other places across the web.
Dense Sets
From a mathematical perspective, these numbering or alpha-numeric systems are, by both intent and design, underpinned by the mathematical idea of dense sets. In the areas of topology and real analysis, one considers a set dense when one can choose a point as close as one likes to any other point. For both library cataloging systems and numbering schemes for ideas in Zettelkasten this means that you can always juxtapose one topic or idea in between any other two.
Part of the beauty of Melvil Dewey's original Dewey Decimal System is that regardless of how many new topics and subtopics one wants to add to their system, one can always fit another new topic between existing ones ad infinitum.
Going back to the motivating question above, the equivalent question mathematically is "what number is between 0.11 and 0.111?" (Here we've converted the artificial "number" "a" to a 1 and removed the punctuation, which doesn't create any issues and may help clarify the orderings a bit.) The answer is that there is an infinite number of numbers between these!
This is much more explicit by writing these numbers as:<br /> 0.110<br /> 0.111
Naturally 0.1101 is between them (along with an infinity of others), so one could start here as a means of inserting ideas this way if they liked. One either needs to count up sequentially (0, 1, 2, 3, ...) or add additional place values.
Decimal numbering systems in practice
The problem most people face is that they're not thinking of these numbers as decimals, but as natural numbers or integers (or broadly numbers without any decimal portions). Though of course in the realm of real numbers, numbers above 0 are dense as well, but require the use of their decimal portions to remain so.
The tough question is: what sorts of semantic meanings one might attach to their adding of additional place values or their alphabetical characters? This meaning can vary from person to person and system to system, so I won't delve into it here.
One may find it useful to logically chunk these numbers into groups of three as is often done using commas, periods, slashes, dashes, spaces, or other punctuation. This doesn't need to mean anything in particular, but may help to make one's numbers more easily readable as well as usable for filing new ideas. Sometimes these indicators can be confusing in discussion, so if ever in doubt, simply remove them and the general principles mentioned here should still hold.
Depending on one's note taking system, however, when putting cards into some semblance of a logical sort-able order (perhaps within a folder for example), the system may choke on additional characters beyond the standard period to designate a decimal number. For example: within Obsidian, if you have a "zettelkasten" folder with lots of numbered and named files within it, you'll want to give each number the maximum number of decimal places so that when doing an alphabetic sort within the folder, all of the numbered ideas are properly sorted. As an example if you give one file the name "0.510 Mathematics", another "0.514 Topology" and a third "0.5141 Dense Sets" they may not sort properly unless you give the first two decimal expansions to the ten-thousands place at a minimum. If you changed them to "0.5100 Mathematics" and "0.5140 Topology, then you're in good shape and the folder will alphabetically sort as you'd expect. Similarly some systems may or may not do well with including alphabetic characters mixed in with numbers.
If using chunked groups of three numbers, one might consider using the number 0.110.001 as the next level of idea between them and then continuing from there. This may help to spread some of the ideas out as surely one may have yet another idea to wedge in between 0.110.000 and 0.110.001?
One can naturally choose almost any any (decimal) number, so long as it it somewhat "near" the original behind which one places it. By going out further in the decimal expansion, one can always place any idea between two others and know that there will be a number that it can be given that will "work".
Generally within numbers as we use them for mathematics, 0.100000001 is technically "closer" by distance measurement to 0.1 than 0.11, (and by quite a bit!) but somehow when using numbers for zettelkasten purposes, we tend to want to not consider them as decimals, as the Dewey Decimal System does. We also have the tendency to want to keep our numbers as short as possible when writing, so it seems more "natural" to follow 0.11 with 0.111, as it seems like we're "counting up" rather than "counting down".
Another subtlety that one sees in numbering systems is the proper or improper use of the whole numbers in front of the decimal portions. For example, in Niklas Luhmann's system, he has a section of cards that start with 3.XXXX which are close to a section numbered 35.YYYY. This may seem a bit confusing, but he's doing a bit of mental gymnastics to artificially keep his numbers smaller. What he really means is 3000.XXX and 3500.YYY respectively, he's just truncating the extra zeros. Alternately in a fully "decimal system" one would write these as 0.3000.XXXX and 0.3500.YYYY, where we've added additional periods to the numbers to make them easier to read. Using our original example in an analog system, the user may have been using foreshortened indicators for their system and by writing 1/1a, they may have really meant something of the form 001.001/00a, but were making the number shorter in a logical manner (at least to them).
The close observer may have seen Scott Scheper adopt the slightly longer numbers in the thousands (like 3500.YYYY) as a means of remedying some of the numbering confusion many have when looking at Luhmann's system.
Those who build their systems on top of existing ones like the Dewey Decimal Classification, or the Universal Decimal Classification may wish to keep those broad categories with three to four decimal places at the start and then add their own idea number underneath those levels.
As an example, we can use the numbering for Finsler geometry from the Dewey Decimal Classification wikipedia page shown as:
``` 500 Natural sciences and mathematics
510 Mathematics 516 Geometry 516.3 Analytic geometries 516.37 Metric differential geometries 516.375 Finsler geometry```
So in our zettelkasten, we might add our first card on the topic of Finsler geometry as "516.375.001 Definition of Finsler geometry" and continue from there with some interesting theorems and proofs on those topics.
Of course, while this is something one can do doesn't mean that one should do it. Going too far down the rabbit holes of "official" forms of classification this way can be a massive time wasting exercise as in most private systems, you're never going to be comparing your individual ideas with the private zettelkasten of others and in practice the sort of standardizing work for classification this way is utterly useless. Beyond this, most personal zettelkasten are unique and idiosyncratic to the user, so for example, my math section labeled 510 may have a lot more overlap with history, anthropology, and sociology hiding within it compared with others who may have all of their mathematics hiding amidst their social sciences section starting with the number 300. One of the benefits of Luhmann's numbering scheme, at least for him, is that it allowed his system to be much more interdisciplinary than using a more complicated Dewey Decimal oriented system which may have dictated moving some of his systems theory work out of his politics area where it may have made more sense to him in addition to being more productive on a personal level.
Of course if you're using the older sort of commonplacing zettelkasten system that was widely in use before Luhmann's variation, then perhaps using a Dewey-based system may be helpful to you?
A Touch of History
As both a mathematician working in the early days of real analysis and a librarian, some of these loose ideas may have occurred tangentially to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716), though I'm currently unaware of any specific instances within his work. One must note, however, that some of the earliest work within library card catalogs as we know and use them today stemmed from 1770s Austria where governmental conscription needs overlapped with card cataloging systems (Krajewski, 2011). It's here that the beginnings of these sorts of numbering systems begin to come into use well before Melvil Dewey's later work which became much more broadly adopted.
The German "file number" (aktenzeichen) is a unique identification of a file, commonly used in their court system and predecessors as well as file numbers in public administration since at least 1934. We know Niklas Luhmann studied law at the University of Freiburg from 1946 to 1949, when he obtained a law degree, before beginning a career in Lüneburg's public administration where he stayed in civil service until 1962. Given this fact, it's very likely that Luhmann had in-depth experience with these sorts of file numbers as location identifiers for files and documents. As a result it's reasonably likely that a simplified version of these were at least part of the inspiration for his own numbering system. † ‡
Your own practice
At the end of the day, the numbering system you choose needs to work for you within the system you're using (analog, digital, other). I would generally recommend against using someone else's numbering system unless it completely makes sense to you and you're able to quickly and simply add cards to your system with out the extra work and cognitive dissonance about what number you should give it. The more you simplify these small things, the easier and happier you'll be with your set up in the end.
References
Krajewski, Markus. Paper Machines: About Cards & Catalogs, 1548-1929. Translated by Peter Krapp. History and Foundations of Information Science. MIT Press, 2011. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/paper-machines.
Munkres, James R. Topology. 2nd ed. 1975. Reprint, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999.
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Underlining Keyterms and Index Bloat .t3_y1akec._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; }
Hello u/sscheper,
Let me start by thanking you for introducing me to Zettelkasten. I have been writing notes for a week now and it's great that I'm able to retain more info and relate pieces of knowledge better through this method.
I recently came to notice that there is redundancy in my index entries.
I have two entries for Number Line. I have two branches in my Math category that deals with arithmetic, and so far I have "Addition" and "Subtraction". In those two branches I talk about visualizing ways of doing that, and both of those make use of and underline the term Number Line. So now the two entries in my index are "Number Line (Under Addition)" and "Number Line (Under Subtraction)". In those notes I elaborate how exactly each operation is done on a number line and the insights that can be derived from it. If this continues, I will have Number Line entries for "Multiplication" and "Division". I will also have to point to these entries if I want to link a main note for "Number Line".
Is this alright? Am I underlining appropriately? When do I not underline keyterms? I know that I do these to increase my chances of relating to those notes when I get to reach the concept of Number Lines as I go through the index but I feel like I'm overdoing it, and it's probably bloating it.
I get "Communication (under Info. Theory): '4212/1'" in the beginning because that is one aspect of Communication itself. But for something like the number line, it's very closely associated with arithmetic operations, and maybe I need to rethink how I populate my index.
Presuming, since you're here, that you're creating a more Luhmann-esque inspired zettelkasten as opposed to the commonplace book (and usually more heavily indexed) inspired version, here are some things to think about:<br /> - Aren't your various versions of number line card behind each other or at least very near each other within your system to begin with? (And if not, why not?) If they are, then you can get away with indexing only one and know that the others will automatically be nearby in the tree. <br /> - Rather than indexing each, why not cross-index the cards themselves (if they happen to be far away from each other) so that the link to Number Line (Subtraction) appears on Number Line (Addition) and vice-versa? As long as you can find one, you'll be able to find them all, if necessary.
If you look at Luhmann's online example index, you'll see that each index term only has one or two cross references, in part because future/new ideas close to the first one will naturally be installed close to the first instance. You won't find thousands of index entries in his system for things like "sociology" or "systems theory" because there would be so many that the index term would be useless. Instead, over time, he built huge blocks of cards on these topics and was thus able to focus more on the narrow/niche topics, which is usually where you're going to be doing most of your direct (and interesting) work.
Your case sounds, and I see it with many, is that your thinking process is going from the bottom up, but that you're attempting to wedge it into a top down process and create an artificial hierarchy based on it. Resist this urge. Approaching things after-the-fact, we might place information theory as a sub-category of mathematics with overlaps in physics, engineering, computer science, and even the humanities in areas like sociology, psychology, and anthropology, but where you put your work on it may depend on your approach. If you're a physicist, you'll center it within your physics work and then branch out from there. You'd then have some of the psychology related parts of information theory and communications branching off of your physics work, but who cares if it's there and not in a dramatically separate section with the top level labeled humanities? It's all interdisciplinary anyway, so don't worry and place things closest in your system to where you think they fit for you and your work. If you had five different people studying information theory who were respectively a physicist, a mathematician, a computer scientist, an engineer, and an anthropologist, they could ostensibly have all the same material on their cards, but the branching structures and locations of them all would be dramatically different and unique, if nothing else based on the time ordered way in which they came across all the distinct pieces. This is fine. You're building this for yourself, not for a mass public that will be using the Dewey Decimal System to track it all down—researchers and librarians can do that on behalf of your estate. (Of course, if you're a musician, it bears noting that you'd be totally fine building your information theory section within the area of "bands" as a subsection on "The Bandwagon". 😁)
If you overthink things and attempt to keep them too separate in their own prefigured categorical bins, you might, for example, have "chocolate" filed historically under the Olmec and might have "peanut butter" filed with Marcellus Gilmore Edson under chemistry or pharmacy. If you're a professional pastry chef this could be devastating as it will be much harder for the true "foodie" in your zettelkasten to creatively and more serendipitously link the two together to make peanut butter cups, something which may have otherwise fallen out much more quickly and easily if you'd taken a multi-disciplinary (bottom up) and certainly more natural approach to begin with. (Apologies for the length and potential overreach on your context here, but my two line response expanded because of other lines of thought I've been working on, and it was just easier for me to continue on writing while I had the "muse". Rather than edit it back down, I'll leave it as it may be of potential use to others coming with no context at all. In other words, consider most of this response a selfish one for me and my own slip box than as responsive to the OP.)
Tags
- examples
- zettelkasten
- bottom-up vs. top-down
- Dewey Decimal System
- indices
- commonplace books vs. zettelkasten
- Universal Decimal Classification
- Claude Shannon
- Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten
- The Bandwagon
- Niklas Luhmann's index
- multi-disciplinary research
- information theory
- reply
- hierarchies
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Local file Local file
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Here again we seethe emphasis on writing as a movement that resists reification andall the intimidations of language. It is not surprising that Barthesshould have sought a form that would foster this infinite process. Theform lay, not in the fragment as such, but in the organization orarrangement that could be made from the fragments. He underlinedthis on an unpublished index card from 16 July 1979: ‘I can clearlysee this much (I think): my “notes” (Diary) as such, are not enough (Iincline towards them but in fact they’re a failure). What’s needed isanother turn of the screw, a “key”, which will turn these Notes-Diaryinto the mere notes of work that will be constructed and writtencontinuously: basically, to write notes, the index cards: to classifythem, turn them into bundles, and as I usually do, compose by takingone bundle after another.’11
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archive.org archive.org
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Goutor comments, like many before him, that it is common to take notes on notebook paper in longer form, but that this is inadvisable as it is much harder to impose a useful order or classification on such work. He does mention scissors as a means of cutting up such notes, but comments that "a mass of slips of paper of varying sizes [can be] difficult to arrange and potentially useless unless care has been taken to note the source of each separate entry."
He also repeats the frequent admonitions that one should take notes only on one side and to use cards of a uniform size.
(p6)
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- Sep 2022
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thevoroscope.com thevoroscope.com
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udcc.org udcc.org
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https://udcc.org/index.php/site/page?view=subject_coverage
Subject coverage of the UDC.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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mixedanalytics.com mixedanalytics.com
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id | title <br /> ----|--------------------------- 1 | Film & Animation <br /> 2 | Autos & Vehicles <br /> 10 | Music <br /> 15 | Pets & Animals <br /> 17 | Sports <br /> 18 | Short Movies <br /> 19 | Travel & Events <br /> 20 | Gaming <br /> 21 | Videoblogging <br /> 22 | People & Blogs <br /> 23 | Comedy <br /> 24 | Entertainment <br /> 25 | News & Politics <br /> 26 | Howto & Style <br /> 27 | Education <br /> 28 | Science & Technology<br /> 29 | Nonprofits & Activism 30 | Movies <br /> 31 | Anime/Animation <br /> 32 | Action/Adventure <br /> 33 | Classics <br /> 34 | Comedy <br /> 35 | Documentary <br /> 36 | Drama <br /> 37 | Family <br /> 38 | Foreign <br /> 39 | Horror <br /> 40 | Sci-Fi/Fantasy <br /> 41 | Thriller <br /> 42 | Shorts <br /> 43 | Shows <br /> 44 | Trailers
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gist.github.com gist.github.com
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developers.google.com developers.google.com
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Local file Local file
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Here wehave the four categories of time, place, species, andform ; by superposing, then, we obtain divisions ofsmaller extent. We may undertake, for example, tomake a group of all the documents having a givenform, of a given country, and lying between twogiven dates (French royal charters of the reignof Phihp Augustus) ; or of all the documents of agiven form (Latin inscriptions) ; or of a given species(Latin hymns) ; of a given epoch (antiquity, themiddle ages).
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We distinguish between the historian whoclassifies verified documents for the purposes ofhistorical work, and the scholar who compiles" Regesta'' By the words " Regesta " and " Corpus ''we understand methodically classified collections ofhistorical documents. In a " Corpus " documentsare reproduced in extenso ; in " Regesta " they areanalysed and described.
a few technical words to clearly define within this context versus other related contexts.
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The notes from each document are entered upon aloose leaf furnished with the precisest possible in-dications of origin. The advantages of this artificeare obvious : the detachability of the slips enablesus to group them at will in a host of different com-binations ; if necessary, to change their places : it iseasy to bring texts of the same kind together, andto incorporate additions, as they are acquired, in theinterior of the groups to which they belong. As fordocuments which are interesting from several pointsof view, and which ought to appear in several groups,it is sufficient to enter them several times over ondifferent slips ; or they may be represented, as oftenas may be required, on reference-slips.
Notice that at the bottom of the quote that they indicate that in addition to including multiple copies of a card in various places, a plan which may be inefficient, they indicate that one can add reference-slips in their place.
This is closely similar to, but a small jump away from having explicit written links on the particular cards themselves, but at least mitigates the tedious copying work while actively creating links or cross references within one's note taking system.
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The materials collected must be classifiedsooner or later
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- Aug 2022
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schema.org schema.org
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musicbrainz.org musicbrainz.org
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example.com example.com
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www.dublincore.org www.dublincore.org
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www.dublincore.org www.dublincore.org
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the date “2nd of August 1932” turns into 1932-08-02 according to the“Classification bibliographique” IV (Tableau auxiliaire: Temps. Brüssel 1904).
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Local file Local file
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Thegreat Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who at the turn of the century laidthe groundwork for modern structural linguistics, put forth the view that theonly proper methods of linguistic analysis are segmentation and classification.
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www.ischool.berkeley.edu www.ischool.berkeley.edu
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Historical Hypermedia: An Alternative History of the Semantic Web and Web 2.0 and Implications for e-Research. .mp3. Berkeley School of Information Regents’ Lecture. UC Berkeley School of Information, 2010. https://archive.org/details/podcast_uc-berkeley-school-informat_historical-hypermedia-an-alte_1000088371512. archive.org.
https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/audio/2010-10-20-vandenheuvel_0.mp3
Interface as Thing - book on Paul Otlet (not released, though he said he was working on it)
- W. Boyd Rayward 1994 expert on Otlet
- Otlet on annotation, visualization, of text
- TBL married internet and hypertext (ideas have sex)
- V. Bush As We May Think - crosslinks between microfilms, not in a computer context
- Ted Nelson 1965, hypermedia
t=540
- Michael Buckland book about machine developed by Emanuel Goldberg antecedent to memex
- Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine: Information, Invention, and Political Forces (New Directions in Information Management) by Michael Buckland (Libraries Unlimited, (March 31, 2006)
- Otlet and Goldsmith were precursors as well
four figures in his research: - Patrick Gattis - biologist, architect, diagrams of knowledge, metaphorical use of architecture; classification - Paul Otlet, Brussels born - Wilhelm Ostwalt - nobel prize in chemistry - Otto Neurath, philosophher, designer of isotype
Paul Otlet
- wrote bibliography on law
- book: Something on Bibliography #wanttoread
- universal decimal classification system
- mundaneum
- Le Corbusier - architect worked with Otlet for building for Mundaneum; See: https://socks-studio.com/2019/05/05/the-shape-of-knowledge-the-mundaneum-by-paul-otlet-and-henri-la-fontaine/
Otlet was interested in both the physical as well as the intangible aspects of the Mundaneum including as an idea, an institution, method, body of work, building, and as a network.<br /> (#t=1020)
Early iPhone diagram?!?
(roughly) armchair to do the things in the web of life (Nelson quote) (get full quote and source for use) (circa 19:30)
compares Otlet to TBL
Michael Buckland 1991 <s>internet of things</s> coinage - did I hear this correctly? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things lists different coinages
Turns out it was "information as thing"<br /> See: https://hypothes.is/a/kXIjaBaOEe2MEi8Fav6QsA
sugane brierre and otlet<br /> "everything can be in a document"<br /> importance of evidence
The idea of evidence implies a passiveness. For evidence to be useful then, one has to actively do something with it, use it for comparison or analysis with other facts, knowledge, or evidence for it to become useful.
transformation of sound into writing<br /> movement of pieces at will to create a new combination of facts - combinatorial creativity idea here. (circa 27:30 and again at 29:00)<br /> not just efficiency but improvement and purification of humanity
put things on system cards and put them into new orders<br /> breaking things down into smaller pieces, whether books or index cards....
Otlet doesn't use the word interfaces, but makes these with language and annotations that existed at the time. (32:00)
Otlet created diagrams and images to expand his ideas
Otlet used octagonal index cards to create extra edges to connect them together by topic. This created more complex trees of knowledge beyond the four sides of standard index cards. (diagram referenced, but not contained in the lecture)
Otlet is interested in the "materialization of knowledge": how to transfer idea into an object. (How does this related to mnemonic devices for daily use? How does it relate to broader material culture?)
Otlet inspired by work of Herbert Spencer
space an time are forms of thought, I hold myself that they are forms of things. (get full quote and source) from spencer influence of Plato's forms here?
Otlet visualization of information (38:20)
S. R. Ranganathan may have had these ideas about visualization too
atomization of knowledge; atomist approach 19th century examples:S. R. Ranganathan, Wilson, Otlet, Richardson, (atomic notes are NOT new either...) (39:40)
Otlet creates interfaces to the world - time with cyclic representation - space - moving cube along time and space axes as well as levels of detail - comparison to Ted Nelson and zoomable screens even though Ted Nelson didn't have screens, but simulated them in paper - globes
Katie Berner - semantic web; claims that reporting a scholarly result won't be a paper, but a nugget of information that links to other portions of the network of knowledge.<br /> (so not just one's own system, but the global commons system)
Mention of Open Annotation (Consortium) Collaboration:<br /> - Jane Hunter, University of Australia Brisbane & Queensland<br /> - Tim Cole, University of Urbana Champaign<br /> - Herbert Van de Sompel, Los Alamos National Laboratory annotations of various media<br /> see:<br /> - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311366469_The_Open_Annotation_Collaboration_A_Data_Model_to_Support_Sharing_and_Interoperability_of_Scholarly_Annotations - http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/20130205/index.html - http://www.openannotation.org/PhaseIII_Team.html
trust must be put into the system for it to work
coloration of the provenance of links goes back to Otlet (~52:00)
Creativity is the friction of the attention space at the moments when the structural blocks are grinding against one another the hardest. —Randall Collins (1998) The sociology of philosophers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (p.76)
Tags
- atomic notes
- Herbert Van de Sompel
- memex
- Open Annotation Collaboration
- octagonal index cards
- Jane Hunter
- evidence
- idea links
- Paul Otlet
- S. R. Ranganathan
- Michael Buckland
- W. Boyd Rayward
- index cards
- atomic ideas
- Herbert Spencer
- atomist philosophy
- Wilhelm Ostwalt
- Tim Cole
- material culture
- semantic web
- Ted Nelson
- Emanuel Goldberg
- Le Corbusier
- Vannevar Bush
- Randall Collins
- mnemonic devices
- materialization of knowledge
- Tim Berners-Lee
- Hypothes.is
- Otto Neurath
- Charles van den Heuvel
- hypermedia
- references
- Web 2.0
- Universal Decimal Classification
- listen
- Mundaneum
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multimediaman.blog multimediaman.blog
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After Otlet and La Fontaine received permission from Dewey to modify the DDC, they set about creating the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC).
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- Jul 2022
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nces.ed.gov nces.ed.gov
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CIP - The Classification of Instructional Programs
Another classification scheme
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Because I wanted to make use of a unified version of the overall universe of knowledge as a structural framework, I ended up using the Outline of Knowledge (OoK) in the Propædia volume that was part of Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition, first published 1974, the final version of which (2010) is archived at -- where else? -- the Internet Archive.
The Outline of Knowledge appears in the Propædia volume of the Encyclopedia Britannica. It is similar to various olther classification systems like the Dewey Decimal system or the Universal Decimal Classification.
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niklas-luhmann-archiv.de niklas-luhmann-archiv.de
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https://niklas-luhmann-archiv.de/bestand/zettelkasten/zettel/ZK_2_SW1_001_V
One may notice that Niklas Luhmann's index within his zettelkasten is fantastically sparce. By this we might look at the index entry for "system" which links to only one card. For someone who spent a large portion of his life researching systems theory, this may seem fantastically bizarre.
However, it's not as as odd as one may think given the structure of his particular zettelkasten. The single reference gives an initial foothold into his slip box where shuffling through cards beyond that idea will reveal a number of cards closely related to the topic which subsequently follow it. Regular use and work with the system would have allowed Luhmann better memory with respect to its contents and the searching through threads of thought would have potentially sparked new ideas and threads. Thus he didn't need to spend the time and effort to highly index each individual card, he just needed a starting place and could follow the links from there. This tends to minimize the indexing work he needed to do regularly, but simultaneously makes it harder for the modern person who may wish to read or consult those notes.
Some of the difference here is the idea of top-down versus bottom-up construction. While thousands of his cards may have been tagged as "systems" or "systems theory", over time and with increased scale they would have become nearly useless as a construct. Instead, one may consider increasing levels of sub-topics, but these too may be generally useless with respect to (manual) search, so the better option is to only look at the smallest level of link (and/or their titles) which is only likely to link to 3-4 other locations outside of the card just before it. This greater specificity scales better over time on the part of the individual user who is broadly familiar with the system.
Alternatively, for those in shared digital spaces who may maintain public facing (potentially shared) notes (zettelkasten), such sparse indices may not be as functional for the readers of such notes. New readers entering such material generally without context, will feel lost or befuddled that they may need to read hundreds of cards to find and explore the sorts of ideas they're actively looking for. In these cases, more extensive indices, digital search, and improved user interfaces may be required to help new readers find their way into the corpus of another's notes.
Another related idea to that of digital, public, shared notes, is shared taxonomies. What sorts of word or words would one want to search for broadly to find the appropriate places? Certainly widely used systems like the Dewey Decimal System or the Universal Decimal Classification may be helpful for broadly crosslinking across systems, but this will take an additional level of work on the individual publishers.
Is or isn't it worthwhile to do this in practice? Is this make-work? Perhaps not in analog spaces, but what about the affordances in digital spaces which are generally more easily searched as a corpus.
As an experiment, attempt to explore Luhmann's Zettelkasten via an entryway into the index. Compare and contrast this with Andy Matuschak's notes which have some clever cross linking UI at the bottoms of the notes, but which are missing simple search functionality and have no tagging/indexing at all. Similarly look at W. Ross Ashby's system (both analog and digitized) and explore the different affordances of these two which are separately designed structures---the analog by Ashby himself, but the digital one by an institution after his death.
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udcsummary.info udcsummary.info
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https://udcsummary.info/php/index.php?lang=en
Interesting defined vocabulary and concatenation/auxiliary signs for putting ideas into proximity.
Could be useful for note taking. Probably much harder to get people to adopt this sort of thing with shared notes/note taking however.
Somewhat similar to the Dewey Decimal classification system.
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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various bibliographic catalog from the end of the '800 and '900 (from Paul Otlet/Henry La Fontaine Munaneum to Ranganathan faceted classification system passing through Niklas Luhmann, Carl Sagan and many others
Look into Henry La Fontaine, Mundaneum, Ranganathan's faceted classification system.
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faceted_classification
What was Carl Sagan's system?
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- Jun 2022
- May 2022
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www.bobdc.com www.bobdc.com
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ec-jrc.github.io ec-jrc.github.io
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gist.github.com gist.github.com
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```sparql PREFIX rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# PREFIX skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# PREFIX schema: http://schema.org/ prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
CONSTRUCT { http://schema.org/ a skos:ConceptScheme ; skos:hasTopConcept schema:Thing . ?child a skos:Concept ; skos:broaderTransitive ?parent ; skos:broader ?ancestors ; skos:prefLabel ?label ; skos:definition ?desc ; skos:inScheme ?ext . ?parent skos:narrowerTransitive ?child . ?ancestors skos:narrower ?child .<br /> } WHERE { ?child rdfs:subClassOf ?parent . ?child rdfs:subClassOf+ ?ancestors . OPTIONAL { ?child rdfs:label ?label } OPTIONAL { ?child rdfs:comment ?desc } OPTIONAL { ?child schema:isPartOf ?ext } } ```
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www.dataliberate.com www.dataliberate.com
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json { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf1", "name": "Coal", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf2", "name": "Coke", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf3", "name": "Biomass", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf4", "name": "Peat", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTermSet", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms", "name": "Solid Fuel Terms" } ] }json { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf1", "name": "Coal", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf2", "name": "Coke", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf3", "name": "Biomass", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms/sf4", "name": "Peat", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://hotexample.com/terms" }, { "@type": "DefinedTermSet", "@id": "http://hotexample.com/terms", "name": "Solid Fuel Terms" } ] }
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dataverse.harvard.edu dataverse.harvard.edu
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cds.unistra.fr cds.unistra.fr
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- Apr 2022
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Wine experts, meanwhile, know about surface-level characteristics like grapesand regions—but they think about wine in terms of function: wines that areluscious and fruity, good for pairing with spicy food; wines that are big and boldand can stand up to a hearty meal; wines that are fizzy and festive, fit for acelebration. “Luscious,” “Big,” and “Fizzy” are, in fact, three of the eightcategories Wesson devised for his stores (the others are “Soft,” “Fresh,” “Juicy,”“Smooth,” and “Sweet”).
As an example of deep functional classification by experts, sommelier Joshua Wesson uses the functional categories luscious, big, fizzy, soft, fresh, juicy, smooth, and sweet to describe wines for customers rather than using the more straightforward and surface level grape varietal descriptors that are otherwise used to categorize wines in stores. These higher level functional classifications also assist in choosing a wine for pairing far more subtly than the extraneous grape types and regions which may carry little informational value to wine novices.
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A third difference between experts and novices lies in the way they categorizewhat they see: novices sort the entities they encounter according to theirsuperficial features, while experts classify them according to their deep function.
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www.w3.org www.w3.org
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www.narcis.nl www.narcis.nl
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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- Dec 2021
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cloud.google.com cloud.google.com
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the only thing an artificial neuron can do: classify a data point into one of two kinds by examining input values with weights and bias.
How does this relate to "weighted sum shows similarity between the weights and the inputs"?
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- Nov 2021
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colab.research.google.com colab.research.google.com
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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Plessner included fundaments about biological structure, organization, physiology, ecology, and ethology in his attempt at elaborating a non-dualist, and systematically coherent framework for all forms of life (Plessner 2019).Using positionalilty as a point of departure for elaborating a logic of life, including human life, is in fact tantamount to simultaneously treating the question of integration, or unification, as a point of departure. As Plessner makes clear, it is only with the living state that boundaries become something other than arbitrary and contingent. To the extent that life is defined by anything, it is defined by the dynamic enactment of a distinction between inner and outer, Plessner’s so-called “double aspectivity.” “Positionality” then is the categorical universal and sine qua non of the living state and conceptually defines the boundary between physical phenomena that, for all intents and purposes, are partes extra partes, from those for which some non-trivial level of system unity and integrity has been achieved. Plessner does not specifically take up the language of normativity and yet one can find it to be implicit in his account. The realization of a life, even at the most rudimentary, let’s say the simple, single-celled level, already entails a form of active mediation between reaching outward and enforcing a boundary, that suggests the regulatory enactment of an implicit norm. For Plessner, there is a logic of dialectical building of positional levels upon levels of reflection that culminate in the human level of “excentric positionality” whereby the “shared” (and invariably normative) perspective of the universal Other is always reflexively embodied and reflectively available. Which is to say that Plessner has long since offered a body-mind neutral account in which human-level normativity is located on a natural continuum in which questions of dynamic system integration are at least implicitly fundamental. Where Plessner fell short, I suggest, is in (only) deriving a largely monological account of the emergence of human-level normativity.Footnote 6 The following may be viewed as in part an attempt to offer the complementary perspective, albeit with the full reconciliatory and synthetic engagement to appear in subsequent work.
Plessner's key insight of double aspectivity is the result of the boundary that creates the separation of the inner from the outer. The active mediation between reaching outward and maintaining a boundary suggests the regulatory enactment of an implicit norm.
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news.ycombinator.com news.ycombinator.com
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faceted classification systems
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- Oct 2021
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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In so doing we claim to have made an inroad into embedding the force of normativity into a wide-ranging naturalist framework, to have provided philosophical anthropology with a new (post-individualist) point of departure, and at least playfully, to have given some naturalistic grist to Hegel’s proclamation that spirit (Geist) is the truth of nature.
The claim then, is that normativity is an interpretation of Hegel's "Geist".
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ndpr.nd.edu ndpr.nd.edu
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Next I will focus on and explore what Plessner's method has to offer with respect to its account of the origins and basis of normativity (or "Spirit").
Is Moss equating Plessner's "normativity" to Hegel's "spirit"?
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Plessner's distinction between plant and animal is both an enabling pathway towards his anthropology but also quite distinctive and worthy of consideration in itself. Contrary to the mainstream legacies of botany and zoology, but consistent with the logic he is developing, plants and animals for Plessner are a priori life-categories or modals of the organic based upon filling alternative organizational possibility spaces that follow from the dialectics of positionality and not in the first instance about the distinction between autotrophy and heterotrophy. Accordingly, certain heterotrophic species such as corals, hydroids, bryozoan and ascidians are classed by Plessner into the plant category. In broad terms, the plant-animal distinction is defined by the difference between "open" and "closed" positionalities, a distinction which has much to do with levels of mediation. One may think of this as two alternative basic strategies for achieving the aforementioned balance between assimilative and resistive moments immanent in any form of positionality. "A form is open if the organism in all of its expressions of life is immediately incorporated into its surroundings and constitutes a non-self-sufficient segment of the life cycle corresponding to it" (p. 203). An open form of positionality, we can say, doesn't require mediation by way of a posited center and the consequence of this is realized throughout the morphology, physiology and growth patterns of the plant. Morphologically this is manifested in the tendency of the organism to develop externally and expansively in a way that is directly turned toward its surroundings. It is characteristic of this kind of development that it does not have the need to form centers of any kind. The tissues responsible for mechanical solidarity, nutrition, and stimulus conduction are not anatomically or functionally concentrated in particular organs but rather permeate the organism from its outermost to it innermost layers. The absence of any central organs tying together or representing the whole body means that individuality of the individual plant does not itself appear as constitutive but rather as an external moment of its form associated with the singularity of the physical entity; in many cases the parts remain highly self-sufficient in relation to each other (graftings, cuttings). This led a great botanist to go so far as to call plants 'divididuals'. (pp. 203-204)
This is an interesting classification of "open" and "closed", depending on whether the living organism has uniform functionality or specialized, and centralized structures respectively.
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- Aug 2021
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www.martinfowler.com www.martinfowler.com
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As with any classification there's a fuzzy line between them (Rake could be thought of either way.)
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www.connectedtext.com www.connectedtext.com
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By contrast, a systematic ordering, which finds its contemporary equivalent in modern outliners, soon runs into difficulties. The anthropologist Alan MacFarlane noted some time ago that "one danger inherent in paper indexes is the amount of effort they take to add to and maintain. That means that more and more of the worker's energies go into the creation of the tools for research, and the less time there is to actually do the research and the writing." He traced this problem to the hierarchical classification that he thought paper makes necessary and complained that the system broke down at 40.000 cards because the preconceived categories proved inflexible. Luhmann's alternative avoids this problem.
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- Mar 2021
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Some types exist as descriptions of objects, but not as tangible physical objects. One can show someone a particular bicycle, but cannot show someone, explicitly, the type "bicycle", as in "the bicycle is popular."
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www.isko.org www.isko.org
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Elin K. Jacob found that classification and categorization are different processes
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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There may only be historical reasons that, for example, the periodic table is called a classification rather than a taxonomy
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Taxonomy was first used in biology, but the term has spread to other domains.
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Categorization is, for example, mostly used by cognitive psychologists for what other call classification
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