The Open Education in European Libraries of Higher Education (2021) provides a comprehensive summary of how European libraries are implementing the UNESCO Recommendation of OER. "The research analysed responses from 233 libraries from 28 European countries. Respondents primarily came from universities, followed by technical colleges, specialised institutions, universities of applied sciences, teaching colleges, distance education institutions and other service centres."
The SPARC Europe survey shows familiarity with the UNESCO OER Recommendation amongst many academic libraries, with about one-third of respondents taking concerted action. Therefore, whilst some concretely address the UNESCO OER Recommendation, further awareness-raising and support in academic libraries and their institutions is required to help implement it.
Of all of the five actions of the UNESCO Recommendation on OER, building the capacity of stakeholders to create, access, re-use, adapt and redistribute OER, developing supportive policy for OER, encouraging inclusive and equitable quality OER, nurturing the creation of sustainability models for OER, and promoting and reinforcing international cooperation in OER, libraries are carrying out capacity-building activities the most. Libraries continue to lead or support OE in equal measure and lead in areas close to their core work. They do this mainly through their teaching and learning and research support departments. In addition, they work in conjunction with Open Access and Open Science areas when advocating for open.