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    1. A feeling of coldness and fear took hold of her. She felt far away from things and lonely.

      Symbolizing her feelings of not being able to grasp her dream to be loved again

    1. Moreover, hotel managers should establish clear divisions of labor between AI and frontline employees. They should assign key tasks, e.g. customer service and service innovation, to human employees, while repetitive tasks, e.g. greeting guests and taking orders to AI. This approach aims to mitigate employees’ feelings of job insecurity.

      Outlines which tasks are best suited for AI versus human employees

    2. Study 1 established a causal relationship between employees’ AI awareness and its dual outcomes, while Study 2 extended this relationship by controlling for traditional technology effects. The results showed that higher AI awareness among employees positively influences their work engagement through improved recovery levels. AI interventions in hotels relieve frontline staff from repetitive tasks, conserving both physical and psychological energy for more impactful responsibilities (Jia et al., 2024; Qiu et al., 2022). However, heightened AI awareness exacerbates feelings of job insecurity among employees, prompting them to engage in AI boycott behaviors. As AI increasingly replaces critical tasks traditionally performed by employees, perceived job insecurity drives behavioral responses such as boycotts, consistent with Yam et al. (2022) but inconsistent with Yam et al. (2023); Li et al. (2019), and passive responses such as burnout, workplace incivility and turnover. The findings show that employees could resort to proactive responses such as boycotts that weaken AI. Moreover, the requirement for innovativeness consumes employees’ resources (Yuan and Woodman, 2010). In a state of scarcity, employees are more likely to engage in resource-protection behaviors (Hobfoll et al., 2018). Therefore, innovativeness as a job requirement serves as a conditional variable that can strengthen the two positive relationships between AI awareness and either work engagement or AI boycott.

      Study 1 and 2's results explanation

    3. As AI replaces many hotel jobs, the remaining human roles become more competitive, retaining employees who meet their heightened expectations (Prentice et al., 2020). As AI replaces jobs in the hotel industry, the talent market tends to become saturated. With fewer job opportunities available, leaders gain greater bargaining power and employees may have less influence over their compensation, potentially leading to salary reductions.

      Explains how the integration of AI is increasing industry competition, making it more difficult for people to secure jobs

    4. To reflect this differentiation, Hellgren et al. (1999) further divide job insecurity into quantitative and qualitative forms. The quantitative form refers to the fear of losing one’s current job while the qualitative form relates to perceptions of diminished job quality and changes in the employment relationship. This distinction is the focus of many previous studies on job insecurity.

      Quantitative vs. Qualitative

    5. Currently, research on AI awareness is still in its early stages. Only a few studies have examined employees’ emotional (emotional exhaustion), psychological (job insecurity), motivational (intrinsic motivation) and behavioral reactions (work engagement and innovative behavior) to AI at the individual level (Liang et al., 2022; Koo et al., 2021; Yam et al., 2023).

      There is limited research on employees reactions to AI so far

    6. The increasing prevalence of AI technologies, e.g. machines, robots and algorithms, in the workplace signals that they may potentially replace the employees’ roles in the future, resulting in a perceived sense of job uncertainty

      Highlights the risk of the industry being dominated by robots

    7. For this reason, frontline employees should innovatively interact with AI to maintain a balance between human value and AI functionality

      Mentions the importance of keeping a balance of AI and human value

    8. Some scholars argue that the risk of being replaced by robots leads to job insecurity and maladaptive behaviors (Yam et al., 2023). For example, Koo et al. (2021) found that job insecurity among hotel employees likely detracts from their work engagement, limits their career capabilities and contributes to higher levels of job burnout (Kong et al., 2021).

      Identifies the causes of job insecurity

    9. but it presents challenges to organizational management, particularly regarding employees’ adaptive behaviors and responses. For example, hotel employees may damage AI systems due to the repetitive nature of hotel tasks and the fear that intelligent machines will replace them through automation (Raisch and Krakowski, 2021).

      Mentions the challenges

    10. This study uses a structural equation model, ordinary least squares and bootstrapping method to analyze the data collected with a field study and a scenario experiment from star-hotels in Shanghai, Paris and Seoul.

      Methodology

    1. Mojtaba Maleki (Persian: مجتبی ملکی; born 1983) is an

      Classic shows to cuddle up to: The Littlest Hobo, Thunderbirds, Stingray, Lassie, The Famous Five, Noddy's Toyland Adventures, Brambly Hedge, The Little Grey Rabbit, Kipper, Fireball XL5, Postman Pat

    1. Goals also make it possible for a team of researchers to work together and attack different aspects of the problem, whereas idea-driven research is most effectively carried out by “teams” of 1-2 people.

      why??

    2. On the other hand, with goal-driven research, your goal will give you a perspective that’s differentiated from the rest of the community. It will lead you to ask questions that no one else is asking,

      why??

    3. To make breakthroughs with idea-driven research, you need to develop an exceptionally deep understanding of your subject, and a perspective that diverges from the rest of the community—some can do it, but it’s difficult.

      why??

    4. you test a variety of existing methods from the literature, and then you develop your own methods that improve on them

      (1) Which existing methods to test? (2) Why we have to test them before we build our own methods? What does it mean by "improve on them"?

    5. I’ll take goal-driven research to mean that your goal is more specific than your whole subfield’s goal, and it’s more like make X work for the first time than make X work better.

      what does this mean? "your goal is more specific than your whole subfield's goal" how does that align with "make X work for the first time than make X work better"?

    1. This special issue explores the potential of automation, artificial intelligence, robotics and advanced data analytics in mitigating staff shortages. Automation streamlines operations, AI enhances customer interactions, robotics reimagines service delivery and data analytics informs strategic decisions. The study addresses a strategic question by combining literature reviews, data analysis, expert insights from practitioners and practical solution recommendations.

      Methodology

    2. While the potential benefits of technological developments are substantial, successful integration into the workforce requires careful consideration and planning. It is essential for businesses to strike a balance between leveraging technology and maintaining a human touch in service delivery. The effective use of technology should complement, rather than replace, human interaction, ensuring that guests continue to receive personalized and high-quality experiences (Brown and Green, 2023).

      This is where my argument comes in. AI is taking over the industry, leading to job displacement and diminishing the human interaction that defines the essence of hospitality.

    3. Robotic technology is another area where innovation is making a significant impact. Robots are increasingly being used in various roles within the hospitality and tourism sectors, from room service delivery to cleaning and maintenance. For instance, robots designed to deliver amenities to guest rooms can reduce the need for human staff to perform these tasks, allowing them to focus on more customer-centric activities (Jones, 2023). Similarly, robotic cleaners can maintain cleanliness and hygiene in public areas with minimal human supervision, contributing to overall operational efficiency.

      Explains how assigning more physically demanding or hectic tasks to robots enables human employees to focus on customer-centric roles, therefore increasing the potential for improved customer satisfaction

    4. This issue has been notably intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered widespread layoffs, heightened job uncertainty, and altered workforce dynamics across the globe (Smith, 2023). As these sectors are heavily reliant on human interaction and personalized service, the reduction in available labor has had profound implications for operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.

      The pandemic was noted as a key turning point when labor shortages began to rise, and it continues to be one of the main contributing factors to the issue.

    5. However, successful integration of technology requires careful planning, training and ongoing maintenance to ensure a balance between technology and human interaction. By embracing these technologies, businesses can better cope with staffing deficits and position themselves for long-term success in a rapidly evolving environment.

      Suggests a good balance of both technology use and human interaction to maintain the spirit of hospitality

    6. utomation streamlines operations, AI enhances customer interactions, robotics reimagines service delivery and data analytics informs strategic decisions.

      Highlights the benefits and positive impacts of AI implementation

    1. the brain, along with the rest of life, was created by a non-material source or divine being and that therefore the mind has divine origins

      I understand and am interested in the way our bodies and brains work biologically, but my personal beliefs definitely align with this, I am sure spirituality has a lot to do with the potential we have mentally and physically.

    1. Federal agencies play a significant role in business operations. When Pfizer wants to bring a new medication for heart disease to market, it must follow the procedures set by the Food and Drug Administration for testing and clinical trials and secure FDA approval. Before issuing stock, Pfizer must register the securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Federal Trade Commission will penalize Pfizer if its advertisements promoting the drug’s benefits are misleading. These are just a few ways the political and legal environment affect business decisions.

      Do you believe that government regulations more often aid in the growth of businesses or hinder them with restrictions, even though they can occasionally create opportunities (such as the Telecommunications Act of 1996 increasing competition)?

    2. Government is our largest and most pervasive not-for-profit group. In addition, more than 1.5 million nongovernmental not-for-profit entities operate in the United States today and contribute more than $900 billion annually to the U.S. economy.3

      The fact that nonprofit organizations make over $900 billion in annual contributions to the US economy intrigued me. That demonstrates that they have a significant financial impact in addition to helping people socially, much like traditional businesses.

    3. A business is an organization that strives for a profit by providing goods and services desired by its customers.

      I liked this sentence a lot as it sums up what a business means. People get mad about how some business operate but at the end of the day they're more often then not just giving the majority of people what they want.

    1. Ultimately, our approach is based on our beliefs about how students learn.

      I wonder how much our beliefs affect our teaching approach. I know that as I have learned more and more about the art of teaching, my teaching approach has changed over time. However, it is definitely still rooted in the values I discovered as a kid, which makes me wonder once more if each generation of teachers are influenced by the generation of teachers' before them at a much deeper level than expected.

    2. Ultimately, students are best served when all three variations—Arts as Curriculum, Arts-Enhanced Curriculum, and Arts-Integrated Curriculum—are part of their education.

      I think that this was really interesting because we see this same theme prevalent in almost all of our teaching strategies. The more ways we can use to engage our students, the easier it is for our students to remember the information we give them.

    1. Group Work

      Often times in group work, Allow other to take a lead. but in some cases ill rally the other on a concept that would make a boring project enticing to less than motivated members to complete some work.

    1. Before you read the following essay, think about its title, the biographi-cal and rhetorical information in the headnote, and the writing prompt

      Doing this can make you think of questions to ask yourself before you read. It can answer the questions you think of and give yourself a better understanding and clear up any unknown information

    2. What does the writer want to say? What is the writer’s main point or thesis?2. Why does the writer want to make this point? What is the writer’s purpose?3. What pattern or patterns of development does the writer use?4. How does the writer’s pattern of development suit his or her sub-ject and purpose?5. What, if anything, is noteworthy about the writer’s use of this pattern?6. How effective is the essay? Does the writer make his or her points clearly?Asks ques-tion central to the essay and relates army expe-rienceRosa_52017_03_Ch02_043-078.indd 49Rosa_52017_03_Ch02_043-078.indd 4911/18/11 12:11 PM11/18/11 12:11 PM

      I beleive if you ask this to yourself while reading, it will help you understand more about what you are actually reading and you may be able to look more into and understand the reading better than if you are not using these questions.

    1. Late work may be accepted with a request for extension which was submitted up to 48 hours before the due date.

      Having a professor who is flexible with their grading and times and dates for assignments is very helpful and makes life a lot less stressful for us students.

    2. As long as work has been submitted that fulfills all of the requirements of the assignment, work will receive at least a B grade. Work which demonstrates higher quality and/or demonstrates risk-taking in considering or implementing new ideas will be awarded an A

      There is a lot of time in different classes that things come up and some assignments are not able to be completed on time and the professor will dock points. It is good to know a good grade can still be received even if it is later, especially if we work hard on the certain assignment.

    3. Personal NarrativeLength: Approximately 1000 words (4 double-spaced pages)

      I like how the first big writing assignment is a personal narrative. This is a great way of getting us students to open up slowly and what is the easiest topic to write about when you're new to writing? Yourself!

    4. All assignments for this course must be written and submitted directly in Google Docs.

      A very interesting take is displayed here. I use Google Docs religiously so that makes me very happy to hear but having an actual assignment be submitted through the platform is new to me. I personally hope that other students can get comfortable with this method quickly.