As long as work has been submitted that fulfills all of the requirements of the assignment, work will receive at least a B grade. Work which demonstrates higher quality and/or demonstrates risk-taking in considering or implementing new ideas will be awarded an A.

In this course I need you to be brave. You will read things that may make you uncomfortable. You will discuss difficult topics. This will stretch the boundaries of what you may think you are capable of to new levels.

This is meant to ease the worry over grading for you! As long as you sincerely attempt the assignment you will get at least a B and may likely get an A depending on your work.

Late work may be accepted with a request for extension which was submitted up to 48 hours before the due date.

practice these new skills without worrying about being penalized by a low grade.

f how all your assignments should be submitted

All assignments for this course must be written and submitted directly in Google Docs

As long as work has been submitted that fulfills all of the requirements of the assignment, work will receive at least a B grade. Work which demonstrates higher quality and/or demonstrates risk-taking in considering or implementing new ideas will be awarded an A.

In this course I need you to be brave. You will read things that may make you uncomfortable. You will discuss difficult topics. This will stretch the boundaries of what you may think you are capable of to new levels.For us all to do this important work, we need to create a community where it is safe to try and safe to fail in front of one another

You might have experienced writing as a formulaic process with prescribed steps in the past. In this course the goal is not to give you a perfect equation for writing the perfect essay. The goal is to give you tools to create your own path towards a unique relationship with writing.

All assignments for this course must be written and submitted directly in Google Docs. Students should not write their assignments in another program (e.g., Microsoft Word) and then copy and paste the content into Google Docs

In this course, using AI in ANY capacity is not permitted.

Late work may be accepted with a request for extension which was submitted up to 48 hours before the due date.

I encourage you to bring your own personal history and background into class. I will endeavor to bring you texts that come from a range of backgrounds and beliefs that will create fertile ground for new understandings. We will have a productive space for you and your classmates to generate ideas together

with people in different parts of the world not only making the same basic discoveries but making them pretty much simultaneously.

Over generations, women (who were the farmers in ancient Mexico) selectively bred the grass to produce more and bigger seeds. Maize is currently the most important staple in the world for both human and animal feed, as well as in industrial uses like High Fructose Corn Syrup, plastics and fuel.

hat’s the essay about? What do you know about the writer’s background and reputation? Where was the essay first published? Who was the intended audience for the essay? How much do you already know about the subject of the reading selection?

With the first reading, you want to get an overall sense of what the writer is saying, keeping in mind the essay’s title and the facts that you know about the writer from the essay’s head-note

Similarly, most of us do not ask our-selves why one piece of writing is more convincing than another.

Always read the selection at least twice, no matter how long it is

Jot down whatever marginal notes come to mind.

Active reading is a skill that takes time to acquire.

After all, we all know how to read. But do we know how to read actively?

write down your thoughts in the margins or on a separate piece of paper. (See pp. 49–51 for Asimov’s “Intelligence” with student an-notations.) Mark the selection’s main point when you find it stated directly. Look for the pattern or patterns of development the author uses to explore and support that point, and jot the information down.

You may, in fact, want to delay most of your annotating until a second reading so that your first reading can be fast and free.

What’s the essay about? What do you know about the writer’s background and reputation? Where was the essay first published? Who was the intended audience for the essay? How much do you already know about the subject of the reading selection? We encourage you to review the materials that precede each selection in this book

Active reading, then, is a skill you need if you are truly to engage and under-stand the content of a piece of writing as well as the craft that shapes the writer’s ideas into a presentable form. Active reading will repay your efforts by helping you read more effectively and grow as a writer

t David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Alan Krueger examined. In their 1997 article, they argued that the rapid spread of computer technology in the workplace may explain as much as 30 to 50 percent of the increase in the growth rate of demand for more-skilled workers since 1970. The three economists found that the demand for college-level workers grew more rapidly on average from 1970 to 1995 than from 1940 to 1970. This increased demand was initially met with a sufficient supply of college-educated workers. That supply slowed at the beginning of the 1980s, however, eventually causing a shortage that led to a widening of the wage gap between those with and without college degrees. An even more striking finding by the authors was that industries displaying the largest increases in skill requirements—legal services, advertising and public administration, for example—were the biggest users of computers. 6 Relative to other industries, these have exhibited greater growth in employee computer use and more capital investment in computers both per worker and as a share of total investment. In addition, these high computer-use sectors appear to have reorganized their workplaces in a manner that disproportionately employs more educated—and higher paid—workers.

Urbanization accompanies specialization. People in cit-ies need to trade for food, meaning that the urban dwell-ers must provide goods and services useful for farmers.Urbanization promotes complexity. The more denselypeople are packed, the greater the degree of special-ization that can be accomplished. The historical trendis toward more specialization, more trade, and moreurbanization

At times, intermediaries may enjoymore trust than they deserve, enabling them to finance anunsustainable boom. Once the fragility of the intermediariesis exposed, the level of trust falls, and there can be significantadverse consequences for economic activity

Entrepreneurs constantly test new typesof specialization, leading to what Joseph Schumpeter calledcreative destruction, meaning new enterprises that drive oldfirms out of business. Modern production processes involvemany layers and many steps, making the patterns of specializa-tion highly complex.

But if they had allwrought separately and independently, and withoutany of them having been educated to this peculiarbusiness, they certainly could not each of them havemade twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day; that is,certainly, not the two hundred and fortieth, perhapsnot the four thousand eight hundredth part of whatthey are at present capable of performing, in conse-quence of a proper division and combination of theirdifferent operations.

All course readings will be available on Canvas. There is no required textbook

In this course, using AI in ANY capacity is not permitted

Work which demonstrates higher quality and/or demonstrates risk-taking in considering or implementing new ideas will be awarded an A.

Why have we been speaking, writing, and singing poems for as long as it was possible to do so?

I will also communicate with you through CANVAS announcements,

I am not expecting perfect work.

there is an automatic 3-hour grace period.

As long as work has been submitted that fulfills all of the requirements of the assignment, work will receive at least a B grade.

Think about what poetry books youwould like to read

Your experiences are valuable andimportant, and you should feel free to share them as they become relevant to ourclass. No student in this class is ever expected or believed to speak for allmembers of a group.

Submitting work which is not your own is not only harmful to your learning, butalso an Academic Integrity violation. This includes writing generated using AI,including ChatGPT, Claude, Grammarly, Prezi, or any other “artificialintelligence” platform or LLM

《秦妇吟》原文（依甲本录入，參《全敦煌诗》酌改）

It's not: Can schools save more of our students? Because I think we have the answer to that -- and it's yes they can, if we save our schools first. We can start by caring about the education of other people's children ...

And as I sat there on the other side of the glass from them, idealistic with a college degree, I wondered to myself: Why didn't schools do something more to prevent this from happening?

The ratio of labour costs to productivityis called unit labour cost. It represents the amount that employers must paytheir workers for each unit of output they produce.Employers strive to minimize unit labour cost, and they do this by addressingboth parts of the equation: reducing wages and boosting productivity. The followingsimple formula is a convenient way to summarize the various interactions betweenworkers and employers – often conflictual, and occasionally harmonious.Unit labour cost = Compensation = CompensationProductivity Intensity * EfficiencyTo reduce unit labour costs, employers can try to cut compensation (wages andbenefits) on the top of the equation, or they can try to increase productivity onthe bottom of the equation.

One defining feature of capitalism is that most production is undertaken togenerate private profit. (The other defining feature of capitalism is that most of thework required for production is performed in the form of wage labour.) In orderto generate and collect that profit, a specialized institutional form has emerged:the private company. Today private firms dominate the economy: their decisionsabout investment, production, and employment are the most important factorsdetermining whether and how the economy evolves, and how people work. Theactions of private companies are far more important on a day-to-day basis thanthings that governments do. This makes it incredibly ironic to hear governmentofficials claim credit for “good economic management,” or opposition leadersberate the party in power for “bad economic management.” These political debatesare mostly beside the point – since in reality it is businesses, not government, thatsit in the economic driver’s seat.

technology refers to a techniqueof production, not to a particular piece of equipment or machinery. The termis often misused to refer to equipment itself (“Wow, dude, you have someawesome technology in here!”). In its correct use, though, “technology”refers to knowledge about how to produce something – not the physical toolswe use to produce it. A new technology can be highly productive; but a toolor machine, in and of itself, is not.

economic growth is usually measured by the expansion of real GDP.Economic growth usually consists of two components: an increase in the amountof work that is performed, and improvements in efficiency or productivity(that is, increases in the amount of output produced by each hour of that work)

Profit represented anew, more subtle form of exploitation: an indirect, effective way of capturingeconomic surplus from those (the workers) who truly do the work. Marx tried(unsuccessfully) to explain how money prices in capitalism (which include thepayment of profit) could still be based on the true underlying “labour values” ofdifferent commodities. And he predicted the ultimate breakdown of capitalism,in the face of both economic instability (the ongoing boom-and-bust cycle) andpolitical revolution. Marx’s ideas were very influential in the later development oflabour and socialist movements around the world.

But much work also occurs without any payment,inside households, as people care for themselves and their family members

Nothing better exemplifies economists’ know-it-all attitude than debates overfree trade. Conventionally trained economists take it as a proven fact that free tradebetween two countries always makes both sides better off. People who questionor oppose free trade – trade unionists, social activists, nationalists – must eitherbe acting from ignorance, or else are pursuing some narrow vested interest thatconflicts with the broader good. These troublesome people should be lectured to(and economists love nothing better than expounding their beautiful theory ofcomparative advantage*), or simply ignored

Why do we work? We must survive, and hence we require the basic materialneeds of life: food, clothing, shelter, education, medical care. Beyond that, wewant to get the most out of our lives, and hence we aim for more than bare-bonessubsistence. We want a greater quantity, and a greater variety, of goods and services:for entertainment, for travel, for cultural and personal enrichment, for comfort,for meaning, for security. We may also work because we enjoy it. Perversely foreconomists (most of whom view work solely as a “disutility”), most people arehappier when they have work to do – thanks to the social interaction, financialwell-being, and self-esteem that good work provides.

Is there a school in your neighbourhood? A hospital? A library? Who pays forthose buildings? Who works there? How do those public facilities compare withthe private homes and businesses around them? Are they newer, or older? Nicer, orshabbier? Is there anywhere a person can go inside in your neighbourhood (otherthan their own home) without having to pay money or buy something?Are the streets clean? If so, who cleaned them? Is the air fresh or smoggy? Arethere any parks in your neighbourhood? Is there anywhere to play? Can people inyour neighbourhood safely drink the water from their taps? How much do theypay for that water? And to whom

The Economics for Everyone websiteThe overarching goal of this book is to make economics accessible and evenentertaining for non-specialist readers. That’s why we’ve kept the book short, usedplain language, illustrated it with Tony Biddle’s awesome cartoons, and avoided(wherever possible) the use of academic-style citations and references.For those who want to continue their study of grass-roots economics, however,we have provided additional information and resources. These are posted, freeof charge, at a special Economics for Everyone website, generously hosted by theCanadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (Canada’s major progressive think tank,and the co-publisher of this book)

The Economy and EconomicsTake a walkThe economy must be a very complicated, volatile thing. At least that’s how it seemsin the business pages of the newspaper. Mind-boggling stock market tables. Chartsand graphs. GDP statistics. Foreign exchange rates. It’s little wonder the media turnto economists, the high priests of this mysterious world, to tell us what it means,and why it’s important. And we hear from them several times each day – usuallyvia monotonous “market updates” that interrupt the hourly news broadcasts.Company X’s shares are up two points; Company Y’s are down two points; theanalysts are “bullish”; the analysts are “bearish.

Building an economic “map”The book describes an economy of gradually increasing complexity – starting withthe simplest relationships between employers and workers, shifting our focus to theinteraction between companies, and then considering the roles of the environment,the financial industry, government, and globalization.To portray these increasingly complex relationships, we provide a series ofeconomic “road maps,” illustrated by Tony Biddle. The maps use simple visualicons to identify the major players, and connect the dots between them. By thetime we’ve explained our “big circle” at the conclusion of Part Four, this map willbe a very handy tool for finding your way around capitalism. Like any map, it willhelp you figure out where you are, where you want to go – and how to get there.Stanford EFE2 01 text.indd 9 08/04/2015 09:26Stanford, Jim. Economics for Everyone : A Short Guide to the Economics of Capitalism, Pluto Press, 2015. ProQuest EbookCentral, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/forsythtech-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3440440.Created from forsythtech-ebooks on 2025-08-12 18:08:29.Copyright © 2015. Pluto Press. All rights reserved.

The Basics of Capitalism This part of the book studies the core activities andrelationships that make up capitalism. First we discuss work. Broadly defined,work (or human effort) is the essential ingredient that drives everything in theeconomy. But we don’t work with our bare hands; we must work with tools. Wehave to make those tools, and (in capitalism, anyway) someone owns them.Most work in capitalism is undertaken by employees who are paid wages orsalaries for their efforts. But much work also occurs without any payment,inside households, as people care for themselves and their family members.We describe this basic economic “circle,” in which profit-seeking investmentStanford EFE2 01 text.indd 8 08/04/2015 09:26Stanford, Jim. Economics for Everyone : A Short Guide to the Economics of Capitalism, Pluto Press, 2015. ProQuest EbookCentral, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/forsythtech-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3440440.Created from forsythtech-ebooks on 2025-08-12 18:08:29.Copyright © 2015. Pluto Press. All rights reserved.

Preliminaries The first part of the book defines the economy, and identifiesthe unique features of a capitalist economy. It also provides some historicalbackground. We discuss how capitalism emerged and evolved, and also howthe study of economics emerged and evolved. In both cases, we highlight theconflicts and controversies encountered en route to the present day. I believethat studying economic history and the history of economic thought is aninherently subversive undertaking. It refutes the assumption that capitalism is“natural” and hence ever-lasting, and the related claim that economics is theneutral, technical study of that natural, ever-lasting system.

The economy and societyThe economy is a fundamentally social activity. Nobody does it all by themselves(unless you are a hermit). We rely on each other, and we interact with each other,in the course of our work.It is common to equate the economy with private or individual wealth, profit,and self-interest, and hence it may seem strange to describe it as something “social.”Indeed, free-market economists adopt the starting premise that human beings areinherently selfish (even though this assumption has been proven false by sociobi-ologists and anthropologists alike).In fact, the capitalist economy is not individualistic at all. It is social, and inmany ways it is cooperative. The richest billionaire in the world couldn’t haveearned a dollar without the supporting roles played by his or her workers,suppliers, and customers. There’s no such thing as a “self-made” millionaire orStanford EFE2 01 text.indd 19 08/04/2015 09:26Stanford, Jim. Economics for Everyone : A Short Guide to the Economics of Capitalism, Pluto Press, 2015. ProQuest EbookCentral, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/forsythtech-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3440440.Created from forsythtech-ebooks on 2025-08-12 18:08:29.Copyright © 2015. Pluto Press. All rights reserved.

It seems bizarre, but conventional economists mostly ignore these central facts(with the partial exception of the third). They don’t even use the word “capitalism.”Instead, they call our system a “market economy.” The fact that a few people ownimmense wealth, while most people own almost nothing, is considered accidentalor even irrelevant. They claim, incredibly, that the economy would be exactly thesame whether capitalists hired workers, or workers hired capitalists.

Most people have to work for others, in return for a wage or salary

Capitalism has particular features and forces that need to be identified, just tounderstand how it works. This is true regardless of how you feel about capitalism.Just to understand what’s happening in capitalism, we need to identify and studyits crucial facts

“Capitalism” and “the economy” are not the same thing – even though manyeconomists pretend capitalism is a natural, permanent state of affairs, and hence theonly economy.

That’s why we see economists on the television news every night. We almostnever see educators, social workers, nutritionists, or architects on the nightlynews. Perhaps we should hear more from those other professions, and less fromthe economists. Their advice might actually be more important to our long-termeconomic well-being than that of the economists.

But in reality, economics should be quite straightforward. Ultimately economicsis simply about how we work. What we produce. And how we distribute andultimately use what we’ve produced. Economics is about who does what, who getswhat, and what they do with it.

Never trust an economist with your job

Unlike shallow learning methods that required humans to carefully engineer features, deep learning networks can automatically discover useful features directly from raw data

Third, we discovered an inherent tension between precision (being right when we make a prediction) and recall (catching all the cases we should find), forcing designers to make explicit trade-offs based on their application’s needs.

For example, students meet objectives in theater (characterization, stage composition, action, expression) and in social studies.

All three variations are important, needed, and valid. All benefit from being supported by arts experiences—where students attend performances and exhibits by professional artists to engage in authentic experiences that deepen and broaden their arts understandings.

Today's research points to the power of learning through a variety of senses or modalities. Teachers are encouraged to plan instruction that engages students in visual, aural, and kinesthetic learning modalities so that students can actively process what they are learning.

If teachers are overly concerned with a "neat" process and product, they tend to make the creative choices for students and direct the outcome.

Black farmers often turned to sharecropping

Black delegates actively participated in revising state constitutions. One of the most significant accomplishments of these conventions was the establishment of a public school system.

Enzimas biotransformadoras inducibles.

Cinética de orden cero.

Cinética de primer orden

miembros de la familia de transportadores ABC limitan la entrada de fármacos

cuando un fármaco muy liposoluble que actúa sobre el cerebro o el aparato cardiovascular se administra con rapidez por vía IV o por inhalación.

En los pacientes con obesidad

cuanto más lipófilo sea un fármaco, más probable será que cruce la barrera hematoencefálica

Final Exa

Entrepreneurs are the people who combine the inputs of natural resources, labor, and capital to produce goods or services with the intention of making a profit or accomplishing a not-for-profit goal.

finding time for both family and work can be difficult,

A company whose costs are greater than revenues shows a loss.

Wolfe says companies that demonstrate empathy and work diligently to provide personal time for all employees tend to take the top spots on the work-life balance list. “Comments

However, the external environmental conditions that affect a business are generally beyond the control of management and change constantly. To compete successfully, business owners and managers must continuously study the environment and adapt their businesses accordingly.

Fischer believes sharing information about the company’s performance (good or bad) not only allows employees to feel part of the operation, but also empowers them to embrace change or suggest ideas that could help the business expand and flourish.

Revenue is the money a company receives by providing services or selling goods to customers.

Demographics are at the heart of many business decisions. Businesses today must deal with the unique shopping preferences of different generations, which each require marketing approaches and goods and services targeted to their needs.

Labor, or human resources, refers to the economic contributions of people working with their minds and muscles. This input includes the talents of everyone—from a restaurant cook to a nuclear physicist—who performs the many tasks of manufacturing and selling goods and services.

This category is one of the most important external influences on businesses. Fluctuations in the level of economic activity create business cycles that affect businesses and individuals in many ways. When the economy is growing, for example, unemployment rates are low, and income levels rise. Inflation and interest rates are other areas that change according to economic activity.

Eric Schmidt once said about online privacy and Google, “If you have something that you don’t want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn’t be doing it in the first place.” While this might make sense in a free society, there are many places in the world — North Korea for example — where government surveillance can utilize corporate invasions of privacy to crack down on dissent and severely limit freedom.

Online fandoms may simultaneously expect less centralized authority over the fan experience and more direct access to their heroes. They often expect to see transparency during the creative process, such as Instagram or Twitter posts with “secret” messages for longtime followers or behind-the-scenes videos as albums and movies are made. Fandoms might demand to hear key information first or to have special access via social media.

The Internet is the first thing that humanity has built that humanity doesn’t understand, the largest experiment in anarchy that we have ever had

communication in a sentence or two

Ms Skidd spent about 20 hours rewriting the copy, charging $100 (£74)an hour. Rather than making small changes, she "had to redo the wholething"

However good copyediting, like writing, takes time because you need tothink and not curate like Al, which also doesn't understand nuance wellbecause it's curating the data.

My husband and son are dyslexic and writing for them is very difficult -anything to help somebody to write; it can be lifechanging."

Generative AI tools also carry the potential for otherwise misleading outputs. AI tools like ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini have been found to provide users with fabricated data that appears authentic.

Звуки дробят акустическое пространство на части, проводят внутри него множество границ. – В тишине оно предстаёт нам цельным. Тишина – простейший опыт цельности.

Custom Ringtones - You can set custom ringtones in iOS 26 without using GarageBand. Ringtones can be saved to the Files app and then set using the Share Sheet.

If you have confess & give glory to God I pray God clear you if you be innocent, & if you are guilty discover you And therefore give me an upright answer: have you any familiarity with these spirits?

N. I am innocent & clear & have not been able to get out of doors these 8. or 9. dayes.

Do you beleive these afflicted persons are bewitcht

...Но разве то «против», которое мысль противопоставляет привычным мнениям, обязательно отсылает к голому отрицанию и негативизму? Так получается только тогда — и тогда уж, разумеется, неизбежным и окончательным образом, т. е. без свободы выхода к чему-либо иному, — когда люди заранее выставляют то, что в их мнении ценно, за «позитив» и с его точки зрения выносят абсолютно определенное и вместе негативное решение о всей области возможных противопоставлений своему позитиву. За подобным образом действий скрывается нежелание подвергать рискованному осмыслению этот заранее принятый «позитив» вместе с актом полагания и противоборством, которое, ему кажется, его спасает . Постоянной апелляцией к логике люди создают видимость, будто они вот-вот примутся мыслить, тогда как они отреклись от мысли.

Moving the decimal point one place to the right gives −5.1204 × 10−2.

is especially important for researchers in psychology to be mindful of this distinction

QualsystScore

.

1.8.5 Visual Aid

Infographic’ i

To enhance critical thinking skills, it require learners to actively engage in generativeprocessing which is organizing and integrating information into meaningful structures (Mayer,2009). CTML supports this by fostering reflective engagement through multimedia tools. Thesequential design of the study encourages students to actively process auditory content andlater synthesize it with visual aids, creating a cohesive understanding that promotes criticalanalysis and decision-making.

Conceptual Framework

The problem with relying on intuition is that our intuitions can be wrong because they are driven by cognitive and motivational biases rather than logical reasoning or scientific evidence

When conceived of in this manner, implicit bias is a normal behavioral phenomenon: It happens to everyone all of the time. From a moral point of view, however, implicit social bias is a highly controversial phenomenon.

Many people believe that women tend to talk more than men

We therefore conclude, on the basis of available empirical evidence, that the widespread and highly publicized stereotype about female talkativeness is unfounded

If a person of a different race cuts another driver off in traffic, the driver is even more likely to attribute that action to the other driver’s internal qualities (thinking, for example, “He or she is inconsiderate and reckless!”) than they would someone of their own race.

So not only do first impressions matter, but having the ability to form accurate first impressions seems to correlate to many other positive characteristics.

psychologists redirected attention to the individual human as a whole, and as a conscious and self-aware being.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is shown.

Behaviorism is largely responsible for establishing psychology as a scientific discipline through its objective methods and especially experimentation.

The word Gestalt roughly translates to “the form in its whole;” a major emphasis of Gestalt psychology deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception.

many therapists believe strongly in the unconscious and the impact of early childhood experiences on the rest of a person’s life

structuralism

Wundt viewed psychology as a scientific study of conscious experience, and he believed that the goal of psychology was to identify components of consciousness and how those components combined to result in our conscious experience.

in 1994 there was a zero percent chance that a Hildegard von Bingen record would be put out with a track titled "C*m Processit Factura Digiti Dei". This is because an actual human being would have been working at the distributor and handling the record.

This is because our expectations are often based on previous experience and patterns we have observed and internalized, which allows our brains to go on “autopilot” sometimes and fill in things that are missing or overlook extra things.

Think about how your communication with someone might differ if he or she were introduced to you as an artist versus a doctor. We make similar interpretations based on where people are from, their age, their race, and other social and cultural factors

Describe an encounter that you have had with a law enforcement officer (if you haven’t had a direct experience you can use a hypothetical or fictional example). What were your perceptions of the officer? What do you think his or her perceptions were of you? What schemata do you think contributed to each of your interpretations?

For example, as you filter through radio stations, you likely already have an idea of what kind of music interests you and will stop on a station playing something in that genre while skipping right past stations playing something you aren’t interested in.

Creatures ranging from fish to hummingbirds are attracted to things like silver spinners on fishing poles or red and yellow bird feeders

Teachers who value a personal understanding of their students can learn much by noting what story a child chooses to tell and how that story is uniquely composed in the telling. Through this same process, teachers can learn a great deal about themselves.

Our brains seem wired for narrative, making us naturally receptive to it; we use stories to make sense of the world and to share that understanding with others (Rose, 2011), so telling personal stories becomes a way for us to both define and project ourselves.

Humans have such a long history of using storytelling to connect to one another that it seems like an instinctual motivation and desire.

Empirically Supported Treatments

reatments that have been shown to work in this way are called empirically supported treatments.

Scientists—especially psychologists—understand that they are just as susceptible as anyone else to intuitive but incorrect beliefs.

This is called confirmation bias.

Scientific research, however, has shown that this approach tends to leave people feeling more angry, not less (Bushman, 2002)[1].

Guiding her across difficult borders, Eshrat’s final dream exposes the gap between contemporary Muslim women’s stories and the narratives contained in orientalist histories of Muslim women. Her dreams of crossing the water render visible what both Indian Ocean scholarship and Australian histories often efface: that non-white women move. They not only cross multiple borders, but also tell stories in a particular way to make sense of their travels. Disciplining these stories into progress narratives of ‘tradition’ to ‘modernity’ does not do justice to the archives of border-crossing women.

Aboriginal women needed government permission to marry non-Aboriginal men. To negotiate a marriage across three legal epistemes, in late July 1926, Lallie’s family accompanied the couple to Mount Morgans’ police station.111

. Sher Khan confided in his Punjabi friend Rahim Bukhsh that ‘my friends give me the shame calling me all sorts of names … through this girl.’87Close Most of the men mocking Sher Khan were Afghans, leading Rahim Bukhsh to reply, ‘I can’t do anything about this as they are your country people.’88Close

As is well documented, the British common law system and its colonial variants systematically put raped women on trial rather than their male attackers, in what Pratiksha Baxi has described as ‘state-sanctioned assault’.67Close With Dr Gertrude Mead’s certificate declaring Shamsulnissa’s sexual organs as ‘virgo intacta’, police did not charge Abraham Mahomet.68

11-year-old Ghulam and 5-year-old Shamsulnissa w

The range of relations denoted by ‘milk’ in legal discourse spanned the word’s wide rane of semantic usages, encompassing the asymmetrical relationships between Allah and Muslim, person and commodity, master and slave, and, as Ali shows, husband and wife.

milk over her sexual organs moved to Morbine. In her critique of marriage, Ali argues that sex is only licit in Muslim legal traditions if men possess a type of gendered milk over a woman’s sexual organs.

dominion (milk).

‘Perooz camel camp’ in the town of Bourke. Morbine had arrived from Peshawar in the Australian colonies in around 1893, establishing a camel business with his brother Paleel.27Close It was in the difficult months after Paleel’s death that Morbine became involved with Myrtle, a student at Bourke Convent School.28Close A month after Myrtle’s fourteenth birthday, she gave birth to Morbine’s son.29Close A Catholic priest at Bourke refused to marry the new parents despite the pleas of Myrtle’s mother. Three weeks later, a Presbyterian minister united Myrtle and Morbine in holy matrimony.3

Erasing the women central to the family genealogies and economies spanning the Indian Ocean, Ho’s analysis is consistent with key texts in this field, offering little insight into the lives and worlds of women in these households or the gendered regimes of power that shaped their histories.

Police opened fire on the crowd, killing four and wounding up to seventy protestors

During that first conversation with Reg, I began to understand that while the history of encounters between South Asians and Aboriginal people was riven by various asymmetries, it was nevertheless a long relationship of co-existence at the margins

‘Can you sing?’ he asked me. ‘Sing something from the book.’ Horrified, I desperately asked myself where Lal Zada had gone. Surely it was time to hit the road. Eventually Reg softened his approach. He cajoled me, asking only for ‘a couple of lines.’ I protested, ‘it’s in a much older form of Bengali to what I know! It’s a difficult text. I have no idea how I would sing it.’ He offered to bring his guitar. It turned out that he was a country music singer.22

. The question exposes the inescapable power dynamic at the heart of all ‘research’ encounters with Aboriginal people. I was writing in order to get accreditation as a historian from a university. In the era of native title, when writers are endorsed as ‘experts’ on Aboriginal people and, in particular, on their languages or country, scholarly testimony and written material presented in courts of law can have disastrous and unexpected results for Aboriginal people.

Unnerved by their gaze, the two women wondered why the men made them bare their light, plump flesh but did not try to touch them. It became evident to the girls that it was ‘palku’, their flesh, their meat, that the men hungered after. They concluded ‘those two want to eat both of us, you and me!’12

efore doing an

With the Ottoman Empire entering the war as a German ally, Musakhan opined that ‘Turkey has of her own foolishness … lost all chances now of remaining an independent Moslem power. … she cannot remain safe from evil influences of the neighbouring military European powers, who are always preparing for bloodshed and plunder.’99Close For Musakhan, the fall of the Ottoman Empire was a necessary step towards building what he called an ‘independent Moslem power’.100

Four years later, on 9 March 1907, whilst delivering a sermon in Zion city John Dowie was ‘struck with paralysis’, according to Ahmadi literature.91Close After several hours of violent spasms, he eventually died. Musakhan was amongst the many letter writers worldwide who informed presses in Chicago, Boston, London, Adelaide, Melbourne, Cape Town and Perth that Dowie’s painful death fulfilled Ghulam Ahmad’s prophecy.

Dowie never travelled to British India, but his calls to ‘Exterminate Islam!’ still caught Ghulam Ahmad’s attention in Punjab.83Close As Dowie wrote in 1900, ‘There is in India a stupid Muslim Messiah who writes to me oft and oft again that the tomb of Jesus the Christ is in Kashmir.’84Close In his correspondence, Ghulam Ahmad repeatedly challenged Dowie to a ‘prayer contest’.85Close Dowie refused to respond, declaring that it was beneath him to ‘answer gnats and flies on whom if I were to stamp my foot I would crush them to death and destruction!’8

Within months, a second batch of fortytwo contracted workers supplied by Moradkhan headed to the Australian colonies.35Close

‘case cost us £360’

‘jury consisting chiefly, if not exclusively, of the personal friends or servants’ of Stuckey unanimously acquitted him.

first child born to white parents’

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

at a minimum we want to have multiple subjects

while all of these films explore the process of children growing up, each of them offers a unique thematic perspective on what it means to become an adult.

On the way home from school one day, the girls stop to play at the beach with a group of boys, and their grandmother punish- es them for their unconventional conduct.

arriving at blank spaces awaiting imperial penetration,

but also by Tony Abbott’s claims in 2014 that Aboriginal geographies comprised of ‘nothing but bush’ in 1788. In narrating four tracks shaping how people remembered, recorded, and revisited events at on

It is up to you to complete revisions by the new deadline, otherwise you will be graded on the original work.

Your grade for this class will be determined by feedback from us on your weekly assignments

What are the Assignments?

What are the Assignments?

Qtde. pausas: Quantos Atendentes estão em pausa.

To study is not to consume ideas, but to create and re-create them.NOTES1 This essay was written in Chile. It served as the introduction to the bibliography which wasproposed to the participants of the National Seminar on Education and Agrarian Reform.2 On “banking education”, see Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed.3 Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination.