Points from the comments in support of using Mac

Points from the comments in support of using Linux

on an Intel/AMD PC or Mac, docker pull will pull the linux/amd64 image. On a newer Mac using M1/M2/Silicon chips, docker pull will the pull the linux/arm64/v8 image.

In order to meet its build-once-run-everywhere promise, Docker typically runs on Linux. Since macOS is not Linux, on macOS this is done by running a virtual machine in the background, and then the Docker images run inside the virtual machine. So whether you’re on a Mac, Linux, or Windows, typically you’ll be running linux Docker images.

For sufficiently simple cases, just running a few commands sequentially, with no subshells, conditional logic, or loops, set -euo pipefail is sufficient (and make sure you use shellcheck -o all).

脚本学习_Linux_Sed命令_替换

如何清理Linux服务器磁盘空间？

systemd 为什么会有那么大的争议？

如何系统地学习Shell编程？

一个成熟的自动化运维系统具备什么功能？

如何学习 Linux 命令行，有哪些经验思路和方法？

如何更深入地学习 Linux？

如何控制Linux清理cache机制?

求推荐好用的linux下管理面板？

Linux 内核学习的经典书籍及途径？

First, if Jenkins runs as PID 1, then it's difficult to differentiate between process that were re-parented to Jenkins (which should be reaped), and processes that were spawned by Jenkins (which shouldn't, because there's other code that's already expecting to wait them).

SIGTSTP is like SIGSTOP except that it can be caught and handled.

SIGSTOP and SIGKILL are two signals that cannot be caught and handled by a process.

The process group mechanism in most Unix-like operating systems can be used to help protect against accidental orphaning, where in coordination with the user's shell will try to terminate all the child processes with the "hangup" signal (SIGHUP), rather than letting them continue to run as orphans.

its jobs (internal representation of process groups)

And get a list of characters in a font like this:

The newer GPT standard is paired with UEFI BIOS systems

Throughout the drive

and have either a black or blue-screen-of-death background color.

The BIOS does things like configure the keyboard, mouse, and other hardware, set the system clock

support a GPT partition table and a UEFI BIOS.

very easy to ruin the MBR sector of the drive, making it impossible to boot up again. Then you'll either need to create a recovery USB drive with Windows or Linux and try to repair the MBR, or completely wipe the drive and reinstall the operating system

There are dedicated tools to verify checksum of files in Linux. You can also check hashes in the Nautilus file manager with nautilus-gtkhash extension.

Receiving a GPG error when running apt-get update? Your default umask may not be set correctly, causing the public key file for the repo to not be detected. Run the following command and then try to update your repo again: sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg.

Add Docker’s official GPG key: $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg Use the following command to set up the repository: $ echo \ "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Used to explicitly set the container hostname. If you don't specify the hostname, it defaults to the container ID, which is a randomly generated system GUID.

Map a TCP port on the host environment (first value) with a TCP port in the container (second value). In this example, SQL Server is listening on TCP 1433 in the container and this container port is then exposed to TCP port 1433 on the host.

Specify a custom SQL Server collation, instead of the default SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS.

The SA_PASSWORD environment variable is deprecated. Please use MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD instead.

About tmux

gpg -d <yadm archive file> | tar tvf -

echo testing | gpg -e -r <recipient> | gpg

sudo usermod -aG sambashare $USER

The custom title bar has been a success on Windows, but the customer response on Linux suggests otherwise. Based on feedback, we have decided to make this setting opt-in on Linux and leave the native title bar as the default. The custom title bar provides many benefits including great theming support and better accessibility through keyboard navigation and screen readers. Unfortunately, these benefits do not translate as well to the Linux platform. Linux has a variety of desktop environments and window managers that can make the VS Code theming look foreign to users.

If your laptop is extremely old then I would recommend Puppy Linux.If your laptop isn’t very old but doesn’t perform very well I would recommend AntiX.If your laptop is a little old but still can’t handle Windows 7/10 very well I would recommend Lubuntu.

So the correct command to use is findmnt, which is itself part of the util-linux package and, according to the manual: is able to search in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab or /proc/self/mountinfo

The main problem of the Linux community is that it is divided. I know this division represents freedom of choice but when your rivals are successful, you must inspect them carefully. And both rivals here (MacOS and Windows) get their power from the "less is more approach".This division in Linux communities make people turn into their communities when they have problems and never be heard as a big, unified voice.When something goes wrong with other OSes, people start complaining in many forums and support sites, some of them writing to multiple places and others support them by saying "yeah, I have that problem, too".In the Linux world, the answers to such forums come as "don't use that shitty distro" or "use that command and circumvent the problem".Long story short" average Linux user doesn't know that they are:still customers and have all the rights to demand from companiesthey can get together and act up louder.Imagine such an organizing that most of the Linux users manage to get together and writing to Netflix. Maybe not all of them use Netflix but the number of the Linux users are greater than Netflix members. What a domination it would be!But instead we turn into our communities and act like a survival tribe who has to solve all their problems themselves .

Big Software companies like Adobe or Netflix do two things that are relevant for us and currently go wrong:They analyse the systems their customers use. They don't see their Linux users because we tend to either not use the product at all under Linux (just boot windows, just use a firertv stick and so one) or we use emulators or other tools that basically hide that we actually run Linux. --> The result is that they don't know how many we actually are. They think we are irrelevant because thats what the statistics tell them (they are completely driven by numbers).They analyze the feature requests and complains they get from their customers. The problem is: Linux users don't complain that much or try to request better linux support. We usually somehow work around the issues. --> The result is that these companies to neither get feature requests for better Linux support nor bug reports from linux users (cause its not expected to work anyways).

Create .bash_profile in your home directory and add these lines: export SHELL=/bin/zsh exec /bin/zsh -l

查看内存信息1）使用free命令默认单位为K，可通过结合参数-b、-k、-m分别以单位B、K、M进行显示

If you are on Linux, you can simply download it from GitHub but the most convenient way is to use the pyenv-installer that is a simple script that will install it automatically on your distro, whatever it is, in the easiest possible way.

How to Change Colors on LS in Bash

What worked for me was to use the following command to send the VT320 "unhide" command sequence:

I sometimes wondered why the VS Code team put so much effort into the built-in terminal inside the editor. I tried it once on Linux and never touched it again, because the terminal window I had right next to my editor was just massively better in every way. Having used Windows terminals for a while, I now fully understand why it’s there.

They just automate the process of going to the website, downloading an installer and then running it - which is slightly better than doing it yourself.

Desktop Linux is often criticized for this, but Windows is much worse, somehow! It’s really inconsistent. Half of it is “new” UI and half of it is old Win32/GDI type UI - just as bad as KDE/GTK - except worse, because you can’t configure them to use the same theme. Also, when you install a Linux distribution, it’ll start off either all KDE or all GTK, or whatever - but with Windows you’re stuck with a random mix of both right from the start.

usb-devices

lsusb -t

level 1Fatal_Taco · 2 days ago · edited 2 days agoArch Linux, and likely most distros, are defined by these few things and are not limited to:The Linux Kernel, what type of config and modules it's been compiled with.The pre-packaged programs it comes with by default.The init.The package manager.The repositories it references.The slightly differing Linux Filesystem Hierarchy.The types of computers it runs on.

15 Little-Known Unix Commands

37 Important Linux Commands You Should Know

리눅스 아재력 or 할배력 셀프 테스트

The Linux command-line cheat sheet

Linux Productivity Tools

LXC, is a serious contender to virtual machines. So, if you are developing a Linux application or working with servers, and need a real Linux environment, LXC should be your go-to. Docker is a complete solution to distribute applications and is particularly loved by developers. Docker solved the local developer configuration tantrum and became a key component in the CI/CD pipeline because it provides isolation between the workload and reproducible environment.

== and != for string comparison -eq, -ne, -gt, -lt, -le -ge for numerical comparison

> will overwrite the current contents of the file, if the file already exists. If you want to append lines instead, use >>

The syntax for “redirecting” some output to stderr is >&2. > means “pipe stdout into” whatever is on the right, which could be a file, etc., and &2 is a reference to “file descriptor #2” which is stderr.

single quotes, which don’t expand variables

This only works if you happen to have Bash installed at /bin/bash. Depending on the operating system and distribution of the person running your script, that might not necessarily be true! It’s better to use env, a program that finds an executable on the user’s PATH and runs it.

uix includes package definitions for many GNU and non-GNU packages, all of which respect the user’s computing freedom. It is extensible: users can write their own package definitions (see Defining Packages) and make them available as independent package modules (see Package Modules). It is also customizable: users can derive specialized package definitions from existing ones, including from the command line (see Package Transformation Options).

snap list --all and remove with snap remove --revision XXX gnome-3-26-1604

All operating systems with network support have a hosts file to translate hostnames to IP addresses. Whenever you open a website by typing its hostname, your system will read through the hosts file to check for the corresponding IP and then open it. The hosts file is a simple text file located in the etc folder on Linux and Mac OS (/etc/hosts). Windows has a hosts file as well, on Windows you can find it in Windows\System32\drivers\etc\if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-vitux_com-box-3-0')};

-xcf cursorfile cursorsize This lets you change the pointer cursor to one loaded from an Xcursor file as defined by libXcursor, at the specified size.

This runs a loop 555 times. Takes a screenshot, names it for the loop number with padded zeros, taps the bottom right of the screen, then waits for a second to ensure the page has refreshed. Slow and dull, but works reliably.

#!/bin/bash
for i in {00001..00555}; do
   adb exec-out screencap -p > $i.png
   adb shell input tap 1000 2000
   sleep 1s
done
echo All done

:w !sudo tee %

special permission bit at the end here t, this means everyone can add files, write files, modify files in the /tmp directory, but only root can delete the /tmp directory

kpartx /path/to/chromeos.img

I find some of XDG's default dirs, especially ~/.local/share/whatever, to be very annoying. (Almost as annoying as having ~/snap polluting my home dir, but for a different reason.) I shouldn't have to type such long paths or navigate three folders deep in order to access my data files. I therefore make use of the XDG_DATA_HOME environment variable for XDG-style programs, so they will put my files somewhere convenient. However, I don't think Snap can honor that variable, because AppArmor rules require fixed paths. Given 1 & 2, I think ~/.snap/data is a sensible compromise, at least until the underlying components are flexible enough to let the user choose.

$@ is all of the parameters passed to the script. For instance, if you call ./someScript.sh foo bar then $@ will be equal to foo bar.

The solution is absolutely straightforward and posting it *will* be embarrassing.

管線命令僅會處理 standard output，對於 standard error output 會予以忽略 管線命令必須要能夠接受來自前一個指令的資料成為 standard input 繼續處理才行。

x-systemd-automount

I find it much simpler to use a partition label with LABEL=.... It is shorter, easier to remember, and also has the advantage that should the partition go bad and need to be replaced you can create a new partition, give it the same label provided the old partition is either removed or at least changed to be unlabelled and fstab will never know the difference.

sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get clean sudo apt update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-missing sudo apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-broken sudo apt full-upgrade sudo apt -f install dpkg --configure -a

The best practice is this: #!/usr/bin/env bash #!/usr/bin/env sh #!/usr/bin/env python

Here's my bash boilerplate with some sane options explained in the comments

set -euo pipefail

AUR

How to Install MX Linux in VirtualBox on Windows 10

CBL-Mariner is an internal Linux distribution for Microsoft’s cloud infrastructure and edge products and services.

GRUB hidden menu change FAQ  

The Discoverable Partitions Specification

There is one very important reason for enabling job control to be useful inside scripts: the side-effect it has of placing background processes in their own process groups. This makes it much, much easier to send signels to them and their children with one simple command: kill -<signal> -$pgid. All other ways of dealing with signaling entire trees of processes either involve elaborate (sometimes even recursive) functions, which are often bugnests, or risk killing the parent in the process (no pun intended).

Arteck HB030 Keyboard and Normal Escape

The alternative for curl is a credential file: A .netrc file can be used to store credentials for servers you need to connect to.And for mysql, you can create option files: a .my.cnf or an obfuscated .mylogin.cnf will be read on startup and can contain your passwords.

Linux keyring offers several scopes for storing keys safely in memory that will never be swapped to disk. A process or even a single thread can have its own keyring, or you can have a keyring that is inherited across all processes in a user’s session. To manage the keyrings and keys, use the keyctl command or keyctl system calls.

Docker container can call out to a secrets manager for its secrets. But, a secrets manager is an extra dependency. Often you need to run a secrets manager server and hit an API. And even with a secrets manager, you may still need Bash to shuttle the secret into your target application.

Using environment variables for secrets is very convenient. And we don’t recommend it because it’s so easy to leak things

As the sanitized example shows, a pipeline is generally an excellent way to pass secrets around, if the program you’re using will accept a secret via STDIN.

A few notes about storing and retrieving file secrets

As it stands, sudo -i is the most practical, clean way to gain a root environment. On the other hand, those using sudo -s will find they can gain a root shell without the ability to touch the root environment, something that has added security benefits.

Much like sudo su, the -i flag allows a user to get a root environment without having to know the root account password. sudo -i is also very similar to using sudo su in that it’ll read all of the environmental files (.profile, etc.) and set the environment inside the shell with it.

This means that unlike a command like sudo -i or sudo su, the system will not read any environmental files. This means that when a user tells the shell to run sudo -s, it gains root but will not change the user or the user environment. Your home will not be the root home, etc. This command is best used when the user doesn’t want to touch root at all and just wants a root shell for easy command execution.

Though there isn’t very much difference from “su,” sudo su is still a very useful command for one important reason: When a user is running “su” to gain root access on a system, they must know the root password. The way root is given with sudo su is by requesting the current user’s password. This makes it possible to gain root without the root password which increases security.

“su” is best used when a user wants direct access to the root account on the system. It doesn’t go through sudo or anything like that. Instead, the root user’s password has to be known and used to log in with.

On RHEL-based operating systems (like CentOS and Fedora), use yum

On Debian-based operating systems (like Ubuntu), use apt-get

Disclaimer If this tool works, great! However, no guarantees are made that it won't hasten the heat death of the universe through the spontaneous combustion of your CPU.

What is the equivalent of unbuffer program on Windows?

If there are some pipe between these commands, you need to flush stdout. for example: script -q /dev/null commands... | ruby -ne 'print "....\n";STDOUT.flush'

By default, fork(2) places a newly created child process in the same process group as its parent, so that e.g. a ^C from the keyboard will affect both parent and child.

But the shell, as part of its session leader duties, creates a new process group every time it launches a pipeline.

Job control is what happens when you press ^Z to suspend a program, or when you start a program in the background using &

A job is the same as a process group.

Windows Subsystem for Linux, also known as WSL, is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables natively on Windows 10 using a Linux image

i found that for the osx host "gonzo" , the vanished files (not the warning message itself) appear in stdout - for linux hosts they _both_ appear in stderr , but nothing in stdout (rsync.err.#num is stderr, rsync.log is stdout)

Proton is a new tool released by Valve Software that has been integrated with Steam Play to make playing Windows games on Linux as simple as hitting the Play button within Steam. Underneath the hood, Proton comprises other popular tools like Wine and DXVK among others that a gamer would otherwise have to install and maintain themselves. This greatly eases the burden for users to switch to Linux without having to learn the underlying systems or losing access to a large part of their library of games. Proton is still in its infancy so support is inconsistent, but regularly improving.

I've been made aware of a "Compatibility tool to run DOS games on Steam through native Linux DOSBox" called "steam-dos". It can be found on https://www.github.com/dreamer/steam-dos . I pulled this tool from git and using it as the the steam play compatibility tool Megarace 2 runs without issue. Saving both settings and games works again! There is no keyboard support for controlling the vehicle in game but both mouse and joystick/gamepad work. To get around a missing launcher.exe error I copied "MegaRace 2.exe" to the same folder as the original and renamed the copy to "Launcher.exe". Linux users: in your MegaRace 2 folder (steamapps/common/MegaRace 2/) create a symbolic link to start.sh named Launcher.exe. This allows the game to launch through Steam. This also allows you to put time on the game through Steam, hitting that coveted 5 minute mark that makes creating a review possible. With that out of the way, the game itself is a nice touch of nostalgia but the port is absolutely terrible. I don't remember it being quite this difficult to install off the 2 CDs. The game won't launch at all without tweaking. Can't save the config settings. Can't save the game at all in fact. While I really like MegaRace 2, you unlock tracks by completing the previous ones. Since the game can't be saved, I end up running The Foundry track over and over until I'm sick of it.So I'm torn. I love the game but I hate the completely broken port. For $3 and a local install of DOSBOX it can be made to work so I will recommend it anyway.

The reason we've avoided registering "Cinnamon" as a desktop name is that it opens up issues with many upstream apps that currently OnlyShowIn=Gnome or Gnome;Unity or just Unity. The relationship Mint has with Gnome and Ubuntu isn't genial enough that we could get them to add Cinnamon to their desktop files, so we would have to distribute and maintain separate duplicate .desktop files just for Cinnamon for these upstream packages.

Also manually adding [Default Applications] x-scheme-handler/zoommtg=ZoomLauncher.desktop to either $HOME/.config/mimeapps.list or $HOME/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list does not lead to xdg-open via exo-open recognizing the zoommtg protocol.

xdg-email

There's a command that knows about your default browser: xdg-open http://google.com This will also work for every other type of URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), like images - which will automatically open with eog, openoffice documents, and so on, and also on filesystem paths (xdg-open /tmp/foobar.png).

Works also on Linux if you install Steam for Windows on Wine.

Support for most major platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, SteamOS)

I didn't mind 20 bucks because Paradox is one of the most linux-friendly companies out there