Very profound. This reminds me of Arendt speaking of the absolute differences of men.

This reminds me the fact that Caribbean society emerged from the Spaniards colonization. With even more influence from different cultures due to the slave trade and plantation trade.

This reflect how the dominating groups often ignore the diversity in the marginalized group. This reminds me of how Asians got mixed together and not really viewed for their diversity.

Hispanic was imposed from above by the U.S. Census Bureau in 1980 and Latino emerged from below in activist movements of the 1970s. This reminds me the fact that there is a debate on what label the community should use came from the goverment and not the community itself.

The act of naming is tied to the controling so colonizers force ethnic labels. The magrinilized groups resisted by making their own labels. The way the more dominant group imposes labels and names on the smaller of the two reminds me how the US tried to do the same and tell US who we are and tried to force tell many marginizled groups who they were and what they were. WHO are they to tell us who we are.

I've always been the one to raise questions about the authenticity behind diversity initiatives. This reminds me of Abercrombie & Fitch and their efforts to recover their public image after the CEO was exposed for only hiring "cool, good-looking people" (a direct quote from the CEO). The store was also exposed by past employees to have POC working stock in the back while the attractive white employees got paid to walk around and look pretty. I remember when I was about 12 years old I walked into A&F with my mom and immediately got "scouted" and asked to work there. At 12 years old I was so happy about this, and of course my mom did not let me have further communication with the store. Now that I am much older and much more wise, I see how inappropriate that was for Abercrombie.

this reminds me of product management. so say there's a pm at TikTok that notices a decline in engagement and they propose adding this new feature to drive engagement.

a way to measure this would to look at how many people actually use it and the user behaviors to get them to do it. once they pinpoint the ideal behavior, they try to get other people to mimic it, so they might notify people there's a new feature they should use, incorporate pop-up ads, etc.

Although greetings and closings are not required for memos like emails, this strongly reminds me to structure my memos logically and transparently.

Very unrelated annotation but this reminds me of Remus Lupin, who's a werewolf.

This is a shift in power. Speed becomes more important than depth. It reminds me of Twitter/X and social media breaking stories before major news outlets do today. We’re still living in this tension—immediacy vs. credibility.

This passage made me think about how hard it is to stay neutral when talking to someone with very different beliefs. The author tries to stay calm but feels the need to speak up against things he sees as harmful. It can be frustrating when logic doesn’t change someone’s mind, but it shows how strong personal beliefs can be. This moment reminds me that sometimes, we have to push back, even if it means creating distance between ourselves and the people we want to understand.

Again, this reminds me of Interstellar

This reminds me of the movie Interstellar, in which a 2 hour endeavor turned into several years due to how time passed differently in the planet they were on.

The newspapers first saw radio as a novelty and not a serious competitor. There have been many times in history when new technologies have been underestimated and this was certainly one of them. It reminds me of how some dismissed the internet in the 90s.

This reminds me of the instance with the scamming doctor taking advantage of the lack of regulations on the new medium of radio. It's another example of how people will do whatever it takes to capitalize/extort new mediums. It's interesting to hear about the struggle between massively successful commercial radio, and the public satisfaction of an audience that had never been exposed to such egregious advertising methods.

reminds me of artist that was so precise landscape artist of year

This reminds me of how marketing today still focuses on teenage girls, especially in beauty and fashion. Social media now plays a big role in this, making it easier for brands to directly reach young audiences.

This reminds me of the concept of intersectionality, which describes the experience of belonging to multiple, different (primarily minority) social categories. I like that the authors took this approach of refraining to define girlhood as a one specific idea that is applicable to all girls. It's significant because due to intersectionality, all women and girls won't have the same life experiences or even the same relationship to girlhood. For example, a Black disabled girl will navigate life a bit differently in comparison to a white queer girl, and so on.

Reviewer #2 (Public review):

Summary:

The current paper consists of two parts. The first part is the rigorous feature optimization of the MEG signal to decode individual finger identity performed in a sequence (4-1-3-2-4; 1~4 corresponds to little~index fingers of the left hand). By optimizing various parameters for the MEG signal, in terms of (i) reconstructed source activity in voxel- and parcel-level resolution and their combination, (ii) frequency bands, and (iii) time window relative to press onset for each finger movement, as well as the choice of decoders, the resultant "hybrid decoder" achieved extremely high decoding accuracy (~95%). This part seems driven almost by pure engineering interest in gaining as high decoding accuracy as possible.<br /> In the second part of the paper, armed with the successful 'hybrid decoder,' the authors asked more scientific questions about how neural representation of individual finger movement that is embedded in a sequence, changes during a very early period of skill learning and whether and how such representational change can predict skill learning. They assessed the difference in MEG feature patterns between the first and the last press 4 in sequence 41324 at each training trial and found that the pattern differentiation progressively increased over the course of early learning trials. Additionally, they found that this pattern differentiation specifically occurred during the rest period rather than during the practice trial. With a significant correlation between the trial-by-trial profile of this pattern differentiation and that for accumulation of offline learning, the authors argue that such "contextualization" of finger movement in a sequence (e.g., what-where association) underlies the early improvement of sequential skill. This is an important and timely topic for the field of motor learning and beyond.

Strengths:

Each part has its own strength. For the first part, the use of temporally rich neural information (MEG signal) has a significant advantage over previous studies testing sequential representations using fMRI. This allowed the authors to examine the earliest period (= the first few minutes of training) of skill learning with finer temporal resolution. Through the optimization of MEG feature extraction, the current study achieved extremely high decoding accuracy (approx. 94%) compared to previous works. For the second part, the finding of the early "contextualization" of the finger movement in a sequence and its correlation to early (offline) skill improvement is interesting and important. The comparison between "online" and "offline" pattern distance is a neat idea.

Weaknesses:

Despite the strengths raised, the specific goal for each part of the current paper, i.e., achieving high decoding accuracy and answering the scientific question of early skill learning, seems not to harmonize with each other very well. In short, the current approach, which is solely optimized for achieving high decoding accuracy, does not provide enough support and interpretability for the paper's interesting scientific claim. This reminds me of the accuracy-explainability tradeoff in machine learning studies (e.g., Linardatos et al., 2020). More details follow.

There are a number of different neural processes occurring before and after a key press, such as planning of upcoming movement and ahead around premotor/parietal cortices, motor command generation in primary motor cortex, sensory feedback related processes in sensory cortices, and performance monitoring/evaluation around the prefrontal area. Some of these may show learning-dependent change and others may not.

Given the use of whole-brain MEG features with a wide time window (up to ~200 ms after each key press) under the situation of 3~4 Hz (i.e., 250~330 ms press interval) typing speed, these different processes in different brain regions could have contributed to the expression of the "contextualization," making it difficult to interpret what really contributed to the "contextualization" and whether it is learning related. Critically, the majority of data used for decoder training has the chance of such potential overlap of signal, as the typing speed almost reached a plateau already at the end of the 11th trial and stayed until the 36th trial. Thus, the decoder could have relied on such overlapping features related to the future presses. If that is the case, a gradual increase in "contextualization" (pattern separation) during earlier trials makes sense, simply because the temporal overlap of the MEG feature was insufficient for the earlier trials due to slower typing speed.

Several direct ways to address the above concern, at the cost of decoding accuracy to some degree, would be either using the shorter temporal window for the MEG feature or training the model with the early learning period data only (trials 1 through 11) to see if the main results are unaffected would be some example.

I love that it is for every learner. This reminds me of equity over equality.

Author response:

The following is the authors’ response to the original reviews.

Public Reviews:

Reviewer #1 (Public review):

Summary:

Here, the authors propose that changes in m6A levels may be predictable via a simple model that is based exclusively on mRNA metabolic events. Under this model, m6A mRNAs are "passive" victims of RNA metabolic events with no "active" regulatory events needed to modulate their levels by m6A writers, readers, or erasers; looking at changes in RNA transcription, RNA export, and RNA degradation dynamics is enough to explain how m6A levels change over time.

The relevance of this study is extremely high at this stage of the epi transcriptome field. This compelling paper is in line with more and more recent studies showing how m6A is a constitutive mark reflecting overall RNA redistribution events. At the same time, it reminds every reader to carefully evaluate changes in m6A levels if observed in their experimental setup. It highlights the importance of performing extensive evaluations on how much RNA metabolic events could explain an observed m6A change.

Weaknesses:

It is essential to notice that m6ADyn does not exactly recapitulate the observed m6A changes. First, this can be due to m6ADyn's limitations. The authors do a great job in the Discussion highlighting these limitations. Indeed, they mention how m6ADyn cannot interpret m6A's implications on nuclear degradation or splicing and cannot model more complex scenario predictions (i.e., a scenario in which m6A both impacts export and degradation) or the contribution of single sites within a gene.

Secondly, since predictions do not exactly recapitulate the observed m6A changes, "active" regulatory events may still play a partial role in regulating m6A changes. The authors themselves highlight situations in which data do not support m6ADyn predictions. Active mechanisms to control m6A degradation levels or mRNA export levels could exist and may still play an essential role.

We are grateful for the reviewer’s appreciation of our findings and their implications, and are in full agreement with the reviewer regarding the limitations of our model, and the discrepancies in some cases - with our experimental measurements, potentially pointing at more complex biology than is captured by m6ADyn. We certainly cannot dismiss the possibility that active mechanisms may play a role in shaping m6A dynamics at some sites, or in some contexts. Our study aims to broaden the discussion in the field, and to introduce the possibility that passive models can explain a substantial extent of the variability observed in m6A levels.

(1) "We next sought to assess whether alternative models could readily predict the positive correlation between m6A and nuclear localization and the negative correlations between m6A and mRNA stability. We assessed how nuclear decay might impact these associations by introducing nuclear decay as an additional rate, δ. We found that both associations were robust to this additional rate (Supplementary Figure 2a-c)."

Based on the data, I would say that model 2 (m6A-dep + nuclear degradation) is better than model 1. The discussion of these findings in the Discussion could help clarify how to interpret this prediction. Is nuclear degradation playing a significant role, more than expected by previous studies?

This is an important point, which we’ve now clarified in the discussion. Including nonspecific nuclear degradation in the m6ADyn framework provides a model that better aligns with the observed data, particularly by mitigating unrealistic predictions such as excessive nuclear accumulation for genes with very low sampled export rates. This adjustment addresses potential artifacts in nuclear abundance and half-life estimations. However, we continued to use the simpler version of m6ADyn for most analyses, as it captures the key dynamics and relationships effectively without introducing additional complexity. While including nuclear degradation enhances the model's robustness, it does not fundamentally alter the primary conclusions or outcomes. This balance allows for a more straightforward interpretation of the results.

(2) The authors classify m6A levels as "low" or "high," and it is unclear how "low" differs from unmethylated mRNAs.

We thank the reviewer for this observation. We analyzed gene methylation levels using the m6A-GI (m6A gene index) metric, which reflects the enrichment of the IP fraction across the entire gene body (CDS + 3UTR). While some genes may have minimal or no methylation, most genes likely exist along a spectrum from low to high methylation levels. Unlike earlier analyses that relied on arbitrary thresholds to classify sites as methylated, GLORI data highlight the presence of many low-stoichiometry sites that are typically overlooked. To capture this spectrum, we binned genes into equal-sized groups based on their m6A-GI values, allowing a more nuanced interpretation of methylation patterns as a continuum rather than a binary or discrete classification (e.g. no- , low- , high methylation).

(3) The authors explore whether m6A changes could be linked with differences in mRNA subcellular localization. They tested this hypothesis by looking at mRNA changes during heat stress, a complex scenario to predict with m6ADyn. According to the collected data, heat shock is not associated with dramatic changes in m6A levels. However, the authors observe a redistribution of m6A mRNAs during the treatment and recovery time, with highly methylated mRNAs getting retained in the nucleus being associated with a shorter half-life, and being transcriptional induced by HSF1. Based on this observation, the authors use m6Adyn to predict the contribution of RNA export, RNA degradation, and RNA transcription to the observed m6A changes. However:

(a) Do the authors have a comparison of m6ADyn predictions based on the assumption that RNA export and RNA transcription may change at the same time?

We thank the reviewer for this point. Under the simple framework of m6ADyn in which RNA transcription and RNA export are independent of each other, the effect of simultaneously modulating two rates is additive. In Author response image 1, we simulate some scenarios wherein we simultaneously modulate two rates. For example, transcriptional upregulation and decreased export during heat shock could reinforce m6A increases, whereas transcriptional downregulation might counteract the effects of reduced export. Note that while production and export can act in similar or opposing directions, the former can only lead to temporary changes in m6A levels but without impacting steady-state levels, whereas the latter (changes in export) can alter steady-state levels. We have clarified this in the manuscript results to better contextualize how these dynamics interact.

Author response image 1.

m6ADyn predictions of m6A gene levels (left) and Nuc to Cyt ratio (right) upon varying perturbations of a sampled gene. The left panel depicts the simulated dynamics of log2-transformed m6A gene levels under varying conditions. The lines represent the following perturbations: (1) export is reduced to 10% (β), (2) production is increased 10-fold (α) while export is reduced to 10% (β), (3) export is reduced to 10% (β) and production is reduced to 10% (α), and (4) export is only decreased for methylated transcripts (β^m6A) to 10%. The right panel shows the corresponding nuclear:cytoplasmic (log2 Nuc:Cyt) ratios for perturbations 1 and 4.

(b) They arbitrarily set the global reduction of export to 10%, but I'm not sure we can completely rule out whether m6A mRNAs have an export rate during heat shock similar to the non-methylated mRNAs. What happens if the authors simulate that the block in export could be preferential for m6A mRNAs only?

We thank the reviewer for this interesting suggestion. While we cannot fully rule out such a scenario, we can identify arguments against it being an exclusive explanation. Specifically, an exclusive reduction in the export rate of methylated transcripts would be expected to increase the relationship between steady-state m6A levels (the ratio of methylated to unmethylated transcripts) and changes in localization, such that genes with higher m6A levels would exhibit a greater relative increase in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (Nuc:Cyt) ratio. However, the attached analysis shows only a weak association during heat stress, where genes with higher m6A-GI levels tend to increase just a little more in the Nuc:Cyt ratio, likely due to cytoplasmic depletion. A global reduction of export (β 10%) produces a similar association, while a scenario where only the export of methylated transcripts is reduced (β^m6A 10%) results in a significantly stronger association (Author response image 2). This supports the plausibility of a global export reduction. Additionally, genes with very low methylation levels in control conditions also show a significant increase in the Nuc:Cyt ratio, which is inconsistent with a scenario of preferential export reduction for methylated transcripts (data not shown).

Author response image 2.

Wild-type MEFs m6A-GIs (x-axis) vs. fold change nuclear:cytoplasmic localization heat shock 1.5 h and control (y-axis), Pearson’s correlation indicated (left panel). m6ADyn, rates sampled for 100 genes based on gamma distributions and simulation based on reducing the global export rate (β) to 10% (middle panel). m6ADyn simulation for reducing the export rate for m6A methylated transcripts (β^m6A) to 10% (right panel).

(c) The dramatic increase in the nucleus: cytoplasmic ratio of mRNA upon heat stress may not reflect the overall m6A mRNA distribution upon heat stress. It would be interesting to repeat the same experiment in METTL3 KO cells. Of note, m6A mRNA granules have been observed within 30 minutes of heat shock. Thus, some m6A mRNAs may still be preferentially enriched in these granules for storage rather than being directly degraded. Overall, it would be interesting to understand the authors' position relative to previous studies of m6A during heat stress.

The reviewer suggests that methylation is actively driving localization during heat shock, rather than being passively regulated. To address this question, we have now knocked down WTAP, an essential component of the methylation machinery, and monitored nuclear:cytoplasmic localization over the course of a heat shock response. Even with reduced m6A levels, high PC1 genes exhibit increased nuclear abundance during heat shock. Notably, the dynamics of this trend are altered, with the peak effect delayed from 1.5h heat shock in siCTRL samples to 4 hours in siWTAP samples (Supplementary Figure 4). This finding underscores that m6A is not the primary driver of these mRNA localization changes but rather reflects broader mRNA metabolic shifts during heat shock. These findings have been added as a panel e) to Supplementary Figure 4.

(d) Gene Ontology analysis based on the top 1000 PC1 genes shows an enrichment of GOs involved in post-translational protein modification more than GOs involved in cellular response to stress, which is highlighted by the authors and used as justification to study RNA transcriptional events upon heat shock. How do the authors think that GOs involved in post-translational protein modification may contribute to the observed data?

High PC1 genes exhibit increased methylation and a shift in nuclear-to-cytoplasmic localization during heat stress. While the enriched GO terms for these genes are not exclusively related to stress-response proteins, one could speculate that their nuclear retention reduces translation during heat stress. The heat stress response genes are of particular interest, which are massively transcriptionally induced and display increased methylation. This observation supports m6ADyn predictions that elevated methylation levels in these genes are driven by transcriptional induction rather than solely by decreased export rates.

(e) Additionally, the authors first mention that there is no dramatic change in m6A levels upon heat shock, "subtle quantitative differences were apparent," but then mention a "systematic increase in m6A levels observed in heat stress". It is unclear to which systematic increase they are referring to. Are the authors referring to previous studies? It is confusing in the field what exactly is going on after heat stress. For instance, in some papers, a preferential increase of 5'UTR m6A has been proposed rather than a systematic and general increase.

We thank the reviewer for raising this point. In our manuscript, we sought to emphasize, on the one hand, the fact that m6A profiles are - at first approximation - “constitutive”, as indicated by high Pearson correlations between conditions (Supplementary Figure 4a). On the other hand, we sought to emphasize that the above notwithstanding, subtle quantitative differences are apparent in heat shock, encompassing large numbers of genes, and these differences are coherent with time following heat shock (and in this sense ‘systematic’), rather than randomly fluctuating across time points. Based on our analysis, these changes do not appear to be preferentially enriched at 5′UTR sites but occur more broadly across gene bodies (potentially a slight 3’ bias). A quick analysis of the HSF1-induced heat stress response genes, focusing on their relative enrichment of methylation upon heat shock, shows that the 5'UTR regions exhibit a roughly similar increase in methylation after 1.5 hours of heat stress compared to the rest of the gene body (Author response image 3). A prominent previous publication (Zhou et al. 2015) suggested that m6A levels specifically increase in the 5'UTR of HSPA1A in a YTHDF2- and HSF1-dependent manner, and highlighted the role of 5'UTR m6A methylation in regulating cap-independent translation, our findings do not support a 5'UTR-specific enrichment. However, we do observe that the methylation changes are still HSF1-dependent. Off note, the m6A-GI (m6A gene level) as a metric that captures the m6A enrichment of gene body excluding the 5’UTR, due to an overlap of transcription start site associated m6Am derived signal.

Author response image 3.

Fold change of m6A enrichment (m6A-IP / input) comparing 1.5 h heat shock and control conditions for 5UTR region and the rest of the gene body (CDS and 3UTR) in the 10 HSF! dependent stress response genes.

Reviewer #2 (Public review):

Dierks et al. investigate the impact of m6A RNA modifications on the mRNA life cycle, exploring the links between transcription, cytoplasmic RNA degradation, and subcellular RNA localization. Using transcriptome-wide data and mechanistic modelling of RNA metabolism, the authors demonstrate that a simplified model of m6A primarily affecting cytoplasmic RNA stability is sufficient to explain the nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of methylated RNAs and the dynamic changes in m6A levels upon perturbation. Based on multiple lines of evidence, they propose that passive mechanisms based on the restricted decay of methylated transcripts in the cytoplasm play a primary role in shaping condition-specific m6A patterns and m6A dynamics. The authors support their hypothesis with multiple large-scale datasets and targeted perturbation experiments. Overall, the authors present compelling evidence for their model which has the potential to explain and consolidate previous observations on different m6A functions, including m6A-mediated RNA export.

We thank the reviewer for the spot-on suggestions and comments on this manuscript.

Reviewer #3 (Public review):

Summary:

This manuscript works with a hypothesis where the overall m6A methylation levels in cells are influenced by mRNA metabolism (sub-cellular localization and decay). The basic assumption is that m6A causes mRNA decay and this happens in the cytoplasm. They go on to experimentally test their model to confirm its predictions. This is confirmed by sub-cellular fractionation experiments which show high m6A levels in the nuclear RNA. Nuclear localized RNAs have higher methylation. Using a heat shock model, they demonstrate that RNAs with increased nuclear localization or transcription, are methylated at higher levels. Their overall argument is that changes in m6A levels are rather determined by passive processes that are influenced by RNA processing/metabolism. However, it should be considered that erasers have their roles under specific environments (early embryos or germline) and are not modelled by the cell culture systems used here.

Strengths:

This is a thought-provoking series of experiments that challenge the idea that active mechanisms of recruitment or erasure are major determinants for m6A distribution and levels.

We sincerely thank the reviewer for their thoughtful evaluation and constructive feedback.

Recommendations for the authors:

Reviewer #1 (Recommendations for the authors):

(1) Supplementary Figure 5A Data: Please double-check the label of the y-axis and the matching legend.

We corrected this.

(2) A better description of how the nuclear: cytoplasmic fractionation is performed.

We added missing information to the Material & Methods section.

(3) Rec 1hr or Rec 4hr instead of r1 and r4 to indicate the recovery.

For brevity in Figure panels, we have chosen to stick with r1 and r4.

(4) Figure 2D: are hours plotted?

Plotted is the fold change (FC) of the calculated half-lives in hours (right). For the model (left) hours are the fold change of a dimension-less time-unit of the conditions with m6A facilitated degradation vs without. We have now clarified this in the legend.

(5) How many genes do we have in each category? How many genes are you investigating each time?

We thank the reviewer for this question. In all cases where we binned genes, we used equal-sized bins of genes that met the required coverage thresholds. We have reviewed the manuscript to ensure that the number of genes included in each analysis or the specific coverage thresholds used are clearly stated throughout the text.

(6) Simulations on 1000 genes or 2000 genes?

We thank the reviewer for this question and went over the text to correct for cases in which this was not clearly stated.

Reviewer #2 (Recommendations for the authors):

Specific comments:

(1) The manuscript is very clear and well-written. However, some arguments are a bit difficult to understand. It would be helpful to clearly discriminate between active and passive events. For example, in the sentence: "For example, increasing the m6A deposition rate (⍺m6A) results in increased nuclear localization of a transcript, due to the increased cytoplasmic decay to which m6A-containing transcripts are subjected", I would directly write "increased relative nuclear localization" or "apparent increase in nuclear localization".

We thank the reviewer for this careful observation. We have modified the quoted sentence, and also sought to correct additional instances of ambiguity in the text.

Also, it is important to ensure that all relationships are described correctly. For example, in the sentence: "This model recovers the positive association between m6A and nuclear localization but gives rise to a positive association between m6A and decay", I think "decay" should be replaced with "stability". Similarly, the sentence: "Both the decrease in mRNA production rates and the reduction in export are predicted by m6ADyn to result in increasing m6A levels, ..." should it be "Both the increase in mRNA production and..."?

We have corrected this.

This sentence was difficult for me to understand: "Our findings raise the possibility that such changes could, at least in part, also be indirect and be mediated by the redistribution of mRNAs secondary to loss of cytoplasmic m6A-dependent decay." Please consider rephrasing it.

We rephrased this sentence as suggested.

(2) Figure 2d: "A final set of predictions of m6ADyn concerns m6A-dependent decay. m6ADyn predicts that (a) cytoplasmic genes will be more susceptible to increased m6A mediated decay, independent of their m6A levels, and (b) more methylated genes will undergo increased decay, independently of their relative localization (Figure 2d left) ... Strikingly, the experimental data supported the dual, independent impact of m6A levels and localization on mRNA stability (Figure 2d, right)."

I do not understand, either from the text or from the figure, why the authors claim that m6A levels and localization independently affect mRNA stability. It is clear that "cytoplasmic genes will be more susceptible to increased m6A mediated decay", as they always show shorter half-lives (top-to-bottom perspective in Figure 2d). Nonetheless, as I understand it, the effect is not "independent of their m6A levels", as half-lives are clearly the shortest with the highest m6A levels (left-to-right perspective in each row).

The two-dimensional heatmaps allow for exploring conditional independence between conditions. If an effect (in this case delta half-life) is a function of the X axis (in this case m6A levels), continuous increases should be seen going from one column to another. Conversely, if it is a function of the Y axis (in this case localization), a continuous effect should be observed from one row to another. Given that effects are generally observed both across rows and across columns, we concluded that the two act independently. The fact that half-life is shortest when genes are most cytoplasmic and have the highest m6A levels is therefore not necessarily inconsistent with two effects acting independently, but instead interpreted by us as the additive outcome of two independent effects. Having said this, a close inspection of this plot does reveal a very low impact of localization in contexts where m6A levels are very low, which could point at some degree of synergism between m6A levels and localization. We have therefore now revised the text to avoid describing the effects as "independent."

(3) The methods part should be extended. For example, the description of the mRNA half-life estimation is far too short and lacks details. Also, information on the PCA analysis (Figure 4e & f) is completely missing. The code should be made available, at least for the differential model.

We thank the reviewer for this point and expanded the methods section on mRNA stability analysis and PCA. Additionally, we added a supplementary file, providing R code for a basic m6ADyn simulation of m6A depleted to normal conditions (added Source Code 1).

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Wy42QGDEPdfT-OAnmH01Bzq83hWVrYLsjy_B4n CJGFA/edit?usp=sharing

(4) Figure 4e, f: The authors use a PCA analysis to achieve an unbiased ranking of genes based on their m6A level changes. From the present text and figures, it is unclear how this PCA was performed. Besides a description in the methods sections, the authors could show additional evidence that the PCA results in a meaningful clustering and that PC1 indeed captures induced/reduced m6A level changes for high/low-PC1 genes.

We have added passages to the text, hoping to clarify the analysis approach.

(5) In Figure 4i, I was surprised about the m6A dynamics for the HSF1-independent genes, with two clusters of increasing or decreasing m6A levels across the time course. Can the model explain these changes? Since expression does not seem to be systematically altered, are there differences in subcellular localization between the two clusters after heat shock?

A general aspect of our manuscript is attributing changes in m6A levels during heat stress to alterations in mRNA metabolism, such as production or export. As shown in Supplementary Figure 4d, even in WT conditions, m6A level changes are not strictly associated with apparent changes in expression, but we try to show that these are a reflection of the decreased export rate. In the specific context of HSF1-dependent stress response genes, we observe a clear co-occurrence of increased m6A levels with increased expression levels, which we propose to be attributed to enhanced production rates during heat stress. This suggests that transcriptional induction can drive the apparent rise in m6A levels. We try to control this with the HSF1 KO cells, in which the m6A level changes, as the increased production rates are absent for the specific cluster of stress-induced genes, further supporting the role of transcriptional activation in shaping m6A levels for these genes. For HSF1-independent genes, the HSF-KO cells mirror the behavior of WT conditions when looking at 500 highest and lowest PC1 (based on the prior analysis in WT cells), suggesting that changes in m6A levels are primarily driven by altered export rates rather than changes in production.

Among the HSF1 targets, Hspa1a seems to show an inverse behaviour, with the highest methylation in ctrl, even though expression strongly goes up after heat shock. Is this related to the subcellular localization of this particular transcript before and after heat shock?

Upon reviewing the heat stress target genes, we identified an issue with the proper labeling of the gene symbols, which has now been corrected (Figure 4 panel i). The inverse behavior observed for Hspb1 and partially for Hsp90aa1 is not accounted for by the m6ADyn model, and is indeed an interesting exception with respect to all other induced genes. Further investigation will be required to understand the methylation dynamics of Hspb1 during the response to heat stress.

Reviewer #3 (Recommendations for the authors):

Page 4. Indicate reference for "a more recent study finding reduced m6A levels in chromatin-associated RNA.".

We thank the reviewer for this point and added two publications with a very recent one, both showing that chromatin-associated nascent RNA has less m6A methylation

The manuscript is perhaps a bit too long. It took me a long time to get to the end. The findings can be clearly presented in a more concise manner and that will ensure that anyone starting to read will finish it. This is not a weakness, but a hope that the authors can reduce the text.

We have respectfully chosen to maintain the length of the manuscript. The model, its predictions and their relationship to experimental observations are somewhat complex, and we felt that further reduction of the text would come at the expense of clarity.

I think number is really large, however it also reminds me that there are many more unsolved murders, missing person cases, and more people that have been murdered that we might not even know about.

Reminds me of Walt Disney's EPCOT

This reminds me of my own experience with scrolling through short videos on social media. Sometimes, I just want to relax for a bit, but before I know it, I’ve spent hours immersed in the content. Moreover, the algorithm seems to cater more and more to my emotions—especially when I’m feeling anxious or down, it pushes similar emotionally charged content, trapping me in a cycle. I can’t help but wonder: is this kind of personalized recommendation truly helping users, or is it exploiting their psychological vulnerabilities to maximize engagement?

This reminds me of the airline that created a search site to compare all flights and prices, but got caught pushing their own flights even if they weren't the better deal

Every time I read articles related to story-telling, it reminds me of when I was writing my college applications. The hardest part of the process was packaging and positioning myself (and my story) into a concise, meaningful, yet authentic story for the admissions team. I've always thought stories worked best because it lets the audience easily empathize—and therefore easily remember—the purpose behind the story, but I didn't consider that it also tapped into our pattern-seeking instinct. Its interesting to know that there is an even larger psychological phenomenon going on behind what my college counsellors had encouraged.

The idea of needing tension reminds me of the design lifecycle. First, you must identify the issue that you are trying to solve with your design. If there is no apparent issue, no gap that is being filled with your solution, it may not be something desirable on the market. Although that may not be the the goal of your product, it is necessary to consider: would anyone actually use this? How is this different from the other solutions out there? Then, the other parts of the narrative are like the analytical portions of pitching your idea. How do the needs that your solution is addressing ultimately lead to the resolution of the issue. In other words, how does your solution solve the challenges you've identified. The takeaway form the narrative structure is that it can be applied beyond storytelling to anything that you want to "stick" with an audience.

[C] This reminds me of Bruce's first class where we learned about three horizons and practiced backcasting. I see why backcasting was taught with three horizons because they both focus on having a place you are going and the interventions that get you there.

[C] This reminds me of preparing for my Story Circles assignment. Where I had to script my story in advance making different perspectives were clearly expressed to make the narrative engaging and meaningful.

[C] This reminds me of the World Cafe process in my class activities. Where small groups discuss key questions to explore sustainability issues. Similar to how the Three Horizons workshop encourages structured discussions for future planning.

Meta’s strategy of rolling out changes gradually to avoid mass user backlash is a fascinating example of how companies manage user dissatisfaction in a capitalist system. It reminds me of how streaming services adjust pricing—rather than increasing prices for all users at once, they introduce higher tiers gradually. This raises an important question: Should companies be required to include users in decision-making processes beyond passive feedback mechanisms? What would a model of 'digital democracy' within a platform like Meta look like?

This reminds me of the article we read this week for our digital power up. Teach students where they are going, assess where they are, and together teacher and student can work to close the gap between the two.

Could there be similar or parallel linguistic moves (we are talking about instilling animacy here, so maybe similar ideas?) that can remind or organically make us recognize our connectedness and reliance to other beings or kin on this earth.

Also, here Kimmerer echoes what Alex Parrish has argued regarding animal rhetoric and why to understand it fully is to acknowledge that human communication or rhetoric is not special. That is humans are not special and above the other species.

What impressed me the most was that shame makes individuals want to hide themselves, while guilt causes individuals to fix their mistakes. This does reflect the emotional patterns of many people in real life. If a person is often humiliated from childhood rather than being educated to face his mistakes, they may habitually choose to escape rather than actively correct their behavior. This reminds me that many adults subconsciously avoid criticism or failure rather than reflect and improve, which may be related to their childhood experiences.

This connects to the broader idea of public shaming or public criticism because it shows how something that appears lighthearted can still have a lasting negative impact. The prank is a form of mild public humiliation, which reminds me of how “cancel culture” can sometimes involve actions that are disproportionate to the offense—whether it’s a joke, a misunderstanding, or a genuine mistake. It made me question where we draw the line between humor and harm, especially when the “victims” of these pranks or criticisms are vulnerable, like children or public figures. Would love to see more consideration given to this balance in discussions around both public shaming and humor.

[C] This reminds me of a group project in all the classes. When we created shared documents to make sure everyone's input was included and was helpful to move to next steps. It also connects to our class activities were we give everyone a voice to lead and make out with stronger outcomes.

[C] This reminds me of group brainstorming sessions in class where there wasn’t a set leader but we naturally divided roles and built off each other's ideas. It also connects to concepts from other readings about distributed leadership and collective creativity.

(I) This reminds me of buddhist thinking. A sense of being in the present and respecting exactly what is happening in the moment.

(C)

This reminds me a bit of the philosophy that guided my middle school. We used to start every morning by sitting in a circle. And we also had other times when we would sit in a circle too, whether someone got in trouble, or we were doing an activity.

That definitely reminds me of my own experience in middle school when I was harassed online by a group of fans just for sharing an opinion that wasn’t praising their idol. It felt overwhelming because it wasn’t just one or two people—it was an entire crowd attacking me at once. Looking back, that was a clear example of dogpiling, where a large group targets a single person to silence or intimidate them. Social media made it so easy for them to spread negativity, and the sheer number of people involved made it feel impossible to escape. It really showed me how crowd harassment isn’t just about big historical events like riots or persecution—it happens in everyday online spaces too.

This made me think about the broader implications of fake crowds in online harassment. If public opinion can be skewed by a small number of accounts, it complicates the idea of "public backlash." How much of what we perceive as widespread criticism is actually manufactured? This reminds me of other cases where bot networks have been used for political propaganda, misinformation, and even to incite violence.

This reminds me of when I used to sell sneakers online. I’d calculate how much I made based on the sale price, but I never really considered the cost of shipping, transaction fees, or discounts I gave to repeat buyers. If I had tracked those properly, I would have understood my actual profit better.

This sentence reminds me of an article I once read, which mentioned that certain “concepts” in language can influence the way people think.

The author's concern here points our an important concept of design: to reflect on the shortcomings of current systems/solutions. It reminds me of my experience in design spaces (or even business classes, where we discuss business solutions to current problems) where I see people trying to improve on current solutions because they work, but forget to evaluate their shortcomings. One reason this happens is because the flaw doesn't apply to everyone, and (like the author mentions) the indifferent majority assumes this system works for everybody. Another is that because the existing system is so popular, people assume that the unintended consequences are unchangeable or worth sacrificing for the best version of the solution. Ultimately, that means designers (or business individuals) don't reflect, only build off of the current product. This mindset applies to what the author is saying about AI, where she worries existing norms or systems will be integrated into the structure of AI, because people aren't taking the time to reflect on the implications of the existing system.

This reminds me of the Montessori teaching method where the teacher, guides, observes and intervenes, and scaffolds when necessary.

Annotation #3:

I think this is a really interesting approach to thinking about this. Can new, novel technologies really reduce emission reduction costs? This reminds me of the argument on whether electric cars really do help the environment at all, or if they are just shifting the source of pollution from a point source (the car) to a nonpoint source (factories, byproducts of production, etc.)

https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/industries/electric-cars-are-they-really-ecological

reminds me of IS in Kashmir

[C} This reminds me of Arnsteins ladder of participation. This definitely starts to move into the citizen power section.

[C] this seems like such an interesting idea for a change method. Almost reminds me of stoicism or something like that. Curious how this plays into stakeholder engagement.

(C) This is a significant claim that I imagine many people would disagree with. This idea reminds me of the theory of knowledge that I believe Plato (?) talks about, where truth is inside each one of us, rather than in the outside world.

(C)

This also reminds me of Bruce's Sustainable Futures class, specifically the presencing process. The 5 phases also simplify this otherwise complex process into a manageable experience.

(C)

This reminds me of a lot of what we have discussed in Bruce's Sustainable Futures class with the multi-level-perspective. Before considering the meso or micro level, the changes in the landscape level must be taken into account as the landscape level affects all other levels.

(C)

The idea of creating strategic options in the face of a daunting future reminds me of the goal of the accounting and finances classes I took as a part of my business minor. The end goal of financial book-keeping and analysis is to empower decision makers in a chaotic world with as much information and clairty as possible.

[C] This reminds me of the topic I discuss in my intercultural communication class which is that bringing individuals from diverse backgrounds together can result in innovative solutions. When diverse individuals work together. They can solve problems more quickly and efficiently like at Hayworth, Inc.

(C) This reminds me a lot of Bruce's class from last semester. Making sure that we engage all stakeholders possible when considering large scale change.

(I) This concept of riding the highs and lows and trusting ourselves to experience despair as both unavoidable but also necessary to be able to best envision our ideal future, reminds me of an event I went to this weekend. I saw a "play"/theater performance put on by Motus Theater for Boulder County as a community engagement event around the update of the Boulder Valley Comprehensive Plan. There was a lot of pain and trauma shared by the community. Although it was stressful, it felt important that everyone's issues were experessed and understood before we could move into themes of hope.

[C] The underlying concept of focusing on the positive reminds me of appreciative inquiry. I think that even though this process is very different, (so far) I have taken away that by awknowledging our shared experiences and not what is different is a similar moral of AI.

(C) that reminds me of a bunch of times where ive felt uncomfortable and then i start talking about something im happy about and i all of a sudden feel better. i love the idea of people connecting over positivity.

[c] this reminds me of visioning from last semesters class giving people the freedom to dream a strong shared vision without worrying about a direct path to it while designing the vision

reminds me of my dad haha

I like the description and the details here. reminds me of the song "Jolene", same vibe I think

This reminds me of the pandemic and how we had to do all forms of communication through zoom and social media it felt very disorienting. Because growing up having to interact in-person to suddenly being dependent on the internet for everything caused a lot of people to lose that sense of human interaction since it was such a long time. Honestly, I think interacting online and having email and all these options are very accessible and great. But nothing can truly beat and have the same effect of interacting face-to-face with another person.

The study on deciphering bad handwriting through Mechanical Turk reminds me of the broader role of crowdsourcing in machine learning. One notable example is the ImageNet dataset, which was built using crowdsourced labeling of images.

The example of Fold-It is fascinating because it highlights how human intuition and problem-solving skills can outperform computers in certain complex tasks. It reminds me of how CAPTCHA tests often rely on human pattern recognition to verify users.

The mention of YouTube’s aggressive copyright enforcement reminds me of the ongoing debate about the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The system often disproportionately affects small content creators, who may have their videos removed or demonetized due to false claims, even when their use of copyrighted material falls under fair use. One relevant source is the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), which has criticized the DMCA’s takedown system for being overly automated and biased in favor of large media corporations. Their article “Takedown Hall of Shame” provides real-world examples of wrongful takedowns and how they harm online expression.

I can't imagine what a change it was to receive news the moment it happened versus finding out from papers or different publications. This reminds me of the infamous "Where were you when 9/11 happened?" as everyone found out at around the same time because the news was broadcast instantly across the country. It's so strange to think about the fact that news would break late, and then even then, some people found out sooner than others based on how effectively the publication spread. I was thinking about this before as well, when Marconi used to wireless telegraph to announce the winner of a sporting event right as it happened.

This kind of reminds me a topic that I struggle with in CS as well which are edge cases. Sometimes we focus a lot on the main purpose of a design that we don't consider all the weird possible other uses of it. Sometimes those uses can help us design a better upgrade or attachment other times it ruins the purpose of the original function. For myself, I think its really hard to think about those edge cases or unique possibilities but I think being in design and just thinking about all possibilities has helped me with the whole process overall.

I totally agree with this statement here. I think this should always be done whenever possible. It reminds me of a scene from Silicon Valley where they are testing a app in a focus group, and all the people really hate the app. The main character talks about how they have never had a problem with other testers, and its pointed out that they previously only tested with other engineers. Through that they realized they needed to do significant overhaul of the design to make it work. It emphasizes the importance of testing of "real users" because at the end of the day those are the people who you want to make it for.

This reminds me of asking leading questions in interviews, showing the deep parallels between testing and research. it is important to ensure that the decisions made by the user were independent and did not require the researchers guidance. The researcher won't be there to help all users navigate their solution the real-world and if lots of guidance is required, it might be a good idea to re-think the design for better accessibility or provide supporting documentation such that the user can independently navigate the interface. This once again shows the overlap between the ideas of heuristic and values that are used in the design process.

This "great man" descriptor along with the "aura of greatness" reminds me of current figures like Zuckerberg and Musk. While they have made innovative contributions to the realm of technology, the praise they recieve for them feels like it is more about their persona and what they represent rather than their actual contributions. For example, in Musk's case, he's been placed in a rather important government role under the current administration, even though he doesn't seem that qualified in the realm of politics. It appears his "great man" persona granted him that position, which seems to be the case for many men that excel in a specific industry.

This reminds me of the rise of TikTok where creators had to gain their credibility on the platform to share information that they want to share about a certain topic. Then, we have to trust that they know what they are talking about and to not throw the information out of the window.

I'm literally cracking up. After so long of social media joking about Ohio and "Ohio rizz," every time I hear the word "Ohio" it just reminds me of gen alpha slang and I laugh. My younger sister also is always talking about something "ohio rizzler gyatt sigma huzz" like hello.

The concept of trauma dumping really resonated with me. It’s easy to forget that sharing personal struggles, especially in the context of social media, can affect others differently depending on the platform and audience. I’ve seen people feel very comfortable sharing their personal experiences with large, sometimes uninvited, audiences, and that can be overwhelming for those who don’t have the emotional capacity or relationship to process such deep emotions.

This post made me rethink the impact of social media and our attitude toward technology. In the past, when people talk about digital detox, most of the views were emphasized on how social media can harm mental health, distract people, and make people anxious and addicted. But this post reminds me that seeing technology itself as a problem and trying to stay away from it completely can be an escape rather than a solution.

This is an interesting perspective that people feel as though gayness is something that does not improve upon the world. Like there is no benefit to being gay in the sense fo productivity as comapred to other identies and cultures

. I think this also attributes to what we were talking about in the context of Darwinism in the sense of how they technically don't contribute to it because they are not producing any children.

Would this be the justifcation for why so many homosexual men married women because at least they could contrubute to society, while also reciving an heir to pass on all of their wealth to the next generation. Was their a sense of duty and fufillment that came with it, even if they were not sexually attracted to their wives. This also reminds me of how gay men sought purpsoe through learning about the world like the Greeks, as they did not identify with these terms and were just guys who casually enaged in sexual activites with men.

This reminds me of another article we read last week, how where you are from follows you everywhere, and it makes up your identity which must ultimately be recognized. The stereotype following Appalachia is a concept that undermines the Black Appalachian experience, it does not allow for Affrilachia to be heard, so it is pleasing to see how after the term was coined more and more people shared their stories and creativity regarding the subject. Like it is mentioned in the last paragraph following this, this is what can push that stereotype out of the picture when it comes to Appalachia, shining light on those who have "been pushed to the margins."

After watching the video in class it reminds me of how they spoke of being "a decade behind everyone else" and this really puts into perspective their poverty levels as white folk, but this truly puts into perspective how life was for Black Appalachians.

This quote reminds me of narrative four exchanges I've done in precious courses. For those who may not know, narrative four is a program our university is apart of that helps to foster empathy in lieu of what is called a "single story". When stories are told about certain groups of people, it often becomes, as Adichie notes, the "only story". This is inherently harmful to the formation of identity for people of color.

This reminds me of Universal Design for Learning, which I have read about in other education classes. Although this concept applies to providing equal opportunities for all students within the classroom, I think the flexibility and range of technologies available in this system can help to effectuate this. Not only does this support children's different needs with a variety of resources, but educators as well, in improving their assessment, management, and planning of technologies within curriculum.

This reminds me of how students cram for tests—focusing on memorization instead of actually understanding the material.

This reminds me of the tragedy of the commons, for the simple fact their is a surplus of food, before i go on to the rest of the text, i wonder if they will have the same selfish tendencies that we have in todays world.

I am not sure that a simple transfer of power from white people to brown/Black people would entirely fix the injustice/corruption issue that exists. This reminds me of Justice Clarence Thomas, who is suspected of taking gifts and donations as forms of payment. Instead, perhaps becoming better involved and informed about our options can improve our chances of having BIPOC in positions of power.

This really reminds me of justice-oriented design and how no design choice is ever neutral, and no single design can serve everyone perfectly. There are always tradeoffs, especially in HCI and accessibility. Do you prioritize the majority, or focus on empowering a specific group, even if it means others have a less ideal experience? With limited time and resources, it’s impossible to accommodate everyone, but designing with accessibility in mind helps minimize the most common gaps. There are a lot of ethics that tie into our design choices!

This reminds me of an experience one of my queer friends had attending a Catholic all girls school. They were unable to get a club going similar to the GSA because the school authority figures didn't agree with LGTBTQIA+ people and supporting spaces for them. It's really upsetting that the self expression, initiative, and attempt to make safe places of students are being suppressed because of bigoted staff.

This article highlights the efforts of TCM practitioners like Li and Dr. Zhao, who are "miracle workers" as they undertake complex medical cases that Western biomedicine finds hard to cure. Among the interesting aspects is the way professional success is framed in TCM not just by recovery, but by the ability to succeed where mainstream medicine fails, raising questions about how effectiveness and validity are measured by diverse medical traditions. One of the crucial questions is how such success is assessed because TCM relies on a holistic, individualized approach, whereas Western medicine often demands standardized clinical trials, which makes me question if some of the successes of TCM are not pursued simply because they cannot be cast into biomedical research protocols. This also reminds me of how medical trust is framed by cultural beliefs, since for those socialized into TCM, medical practitioners such as Dr. Zhao represent medical authority, in the same way that Western-trained physicians are perceived in biomedicine, destabilizing the prevalent view that biomedical knowledge represents the pinnacle of medical truth. Lastly, the article suggests that practitioners like Dr. Zhao not only heal patients but also act as cultural ambassadors, raising the profile of TCM in cities like San Francisco, which makes me curious to know how the integration of TCM into Western healthcare systems has gone and whether there are prospects of bridging the gap between these two systems without diminishing the usefulness of either.

This reminds me of coaching practice, where effective communication requires planning and setting goals.

This reminds me of inside jokes with close friends, how a simple phrase can bring back memories.

I really like this point because it shifts the focus of prototyping away from just making and towards learning. It reminds me of how people sometimes get too attached to an early design and resist discarding it, even when it doesn’t fully solve the problem. I wonder, though—what happens when a prototype works well enough that stakeholders push to turn it into a final product, even if it’s not meant to be? Has anyone seen a case where a prototype became the end product, for better or worse?

I found the decision to hold a speak-out, where women publicly shared their personal experiences with abortion to be a very smart move. I think it's interesting that the authors highlight the importance of breaking the silence surrounding such a personal and controversial issue. This reminds me of some of the strategies used in the Civil Rights and anti-slavery movements. Only because personal testimony was used to gain public support for social change. In the context of the 1960s, discussing abortion publicly was seen as unacceptable. So I think Redstockings’ approach was revolutionary in some ways.

This reminds me how digital platforms accelerate the spread of language and culture but often lead to the loss of original context and meaning. A key question to consider is: How can we ensure that cultural borrowing remains respectful rather than exploitative in online spaces, especially when the original cultural creators do not always receive proper recognition?

This reminds me kind of Boulder and how food was often an analogy for sensuality/sexual desire. It plays into the idea of how both love and food can be very satisfactory and how nothing will be as "delicious" as the speaker's lover

This chapter made me think a lot about how content creation and sharing have evolved in the digital age. The example of modifying content—like photoshopping or reposting with changes—reminds me of how so many viral memes or internet trends are built on repurposing existing content. It's fascinating how a simple piece of text or image can take on an entirely new life with minor alterations or context shifts.

Firstly, media, and the portrayal of certain groups within media, is a huge problem with perpetrating stereotypes. This reminds me of a conversation I had with my grandparents once who are from Appalachia. They were telling me about a family who moved down the street who was from the city, and the little kid was talking to my grandma about how they're "hick" now and they're "poor" and I was like ?? that's crazy that a little kid was saying these things, but it's because of the media and probably the biases/stereotypes which those within more urban areas have with those within rural areas, and vice versa! I know my grandparent's have some stereotypes about those who live in urban areas too, and it's crazy to think about.

Reading of the optical illusion reminds me of the T.v. show called "The Brain Games". In "the brain games' the host Jason Silva would do public illusions on random people walking nearby.

This reminds me of the liberal discourse commonly found in Gen Z and millennial spaces, where some argue that being an "infographic warrior" isn’t real activism. The criticism is that simply posting from your phone isn’t enough—you need to be present in your community and actively organize to create meaningful change

I think his mother genuinely meant the best, but just couldn’t figure out how to see him or address him more empathize him. She seemed present, but unable to provide a safe space emotionally for Elliot to truly feel seen and helped. It really reminds me of my own parents so deeply. They’re so good natured but they had no idea how to actually empathize with me, make me feel safe and heard, get to know me deeply, emotionally connect with me, and etc..

I see Elliot’s parents are trying here, and it made me sad. so it’s more likely that they just weren’t aware that they were being emotionally neglectful. They did try and help him. This reminds me of my own parents. They had such good intentions, but they just didn’t know how to be supportive emotionally.

(I) This is a really interesting concept that reminds me of appreciative inquiry. I enjoy the fact that differences are simply acknowledged and they are not trying to be changed. The focus instead rests on the power that exists because of differences.

[C] This reminds me of the ground rule we made for our brainstorming session on the second day of class. All ideas are valid seems to be a common theme in participation methods and relates back to our classes goal of equity.

This reminds me of the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica incident. In that case, Facebook's recommendation algorithm was used to precisely target political ads, trapping users in filter bubbles and potentially influencing election outcomes. This demonstrates that recommendation algorithms are not merely "neutral" tools but can be exploited to manipulate public opinion. While individuals can choose to seek out diverse sources of information, when the entire system is designed to push certain biased content by default, personal efforts may not be enough to counteract the influence of the algorithm.

This links to critical pedagogy - students and instructors critically examine systems and structures and challenge status quo. This reminds me of the podcast episode with Prof. Gloria Ladson-Billings in which she speaks about the connection between critical pedagogy and social justice - and how race continues to impact educational outcomes and access.

This reminds me of some of the arbitrary numbers that are thrust upon educators by the district and state. Classrooms, and the students, are too dynamic from year to year to have a firm percentage of growth or students identified as needing special education.

I agree that this is a naive hope. This reminds me of social media and how it has become an outlet for open communication and spreading information. Although, on the flip side, those platforms can promote hateful language, misinformation, and unproductive discourse. The beginning of the paragraph also touches on the "American Dream", and how that has created more competition rather than equal opportunity. The telegraph was effective in connecting us, but human nature and soicoeconomic factors and institutions are attempting to keep us separate.

This reminds me of the Automatic vs Controlled thinking slides. There are a few slides that are tricks on your mind like reading something that says "don't read" or naming the colors written down in different colors. I wondered why these activities were so confusing and why sometimes social situations feel the same. These Schemas help explain why I will only pick up on certain cues during some situations. Along with why the norms in our society affect the way we subconsciously act based on previous information.

digital IP as crypto backed media... NFTs didnt really take off, but i believe thats because its hard to not reproduce digital media. which leads to the dissoultion of IP, especially market backed IP. I keep saying all digial media should be freely accesible. maybe opening access enables a digial footprint that is similar to DCMA. Is there an open source version of DMCA. how does that tech work.

I also dont think people are much concerned with privacy in optimal conditions. there isnt much i do in private or public that warrents true privacy. most systems i contribute to digitally are not op secret.

i think this manifesto reminds me of the radical versions of left/right concepts thomas sowell probs surface in a conflict of visions. it assumes that the avg person cares or benefits from this.

when it comes to tool usse, i think e should remember this is a specialized tool. for example the avg person probs wont ever use a beat machine, but it does allow the newbie to create loops and digi beats.

i say that to say its unlikely the avg person will build a beat machine. i certainly might. but most wont. and most dont actually benefit from the capability to do so. the same can be said of the plethora of yogurt brands that democratize access to whatever flavor you want.

that is a bit silly of an example. but we should know now that technology does not solve human collaboration. and while the mediums of our conceptual thinking are two way forces having more yogurt flavors doesnt really mean much.

i am curious to see if crypto lands outside of the market based domains, and more into civilian infrastructure tech, warehouse tech, etc. Its just hard to believe that tools communicate anything other than their capapbilities as devloped by humans.

Author response:

The following is the authors’ response to the original reviews.

Reviewer 1:

(1) The overall conclusion, as summarized in the abstract as "Together, our study documents the diversification of locomotor and oculomotor adaptations among hunting teleost larvae" is not that compelling. What would be much more interesting would be to directly relate these differences to different ecological niches (e.g. different types of natural prey, visual scene conditions, height in water column etc), and/or differences in neural circuit mechanisms. While I appreciate that this paper provides a first step on this path, by itself it seems on the verge of stamp collecting, i.e. collecting and cataloging observations without a clear, overarching hypothesis or theoretical framework.

There are limited studies on the prey capture behaviors of larval fishes, and ours is the first to compare multiple species systematically using a common analysis framework. Our analysis approach could have uncovered a common set of swim kinematics and capture strategies shared by all species; but instead, we found that medaka used a monocular strategy rather than the binocular strategy of cichlids and zebrafish. Our analysis similarly could have revealed first-feeding larvae of all species go through a “bout” stage, which was previously proposed as important for sensorimotor decision making (Bahl et al., 2019), but instead we found that medaka and some cichlids have more continuous swimming from an early life stage. Finally, the rate at which prey capture kinematics evolves is not known. Our approach could have revealed rapid diversification of feeding strategies in cichlids (similarly to how adult feeding behavior evolves), but instead we found smaller differences within cichlids than between cichlids and medaka.

(2) The data to support some of the claims is either weak or lacking entirely.

Highlighted timestamps in videos, new stats in fig 1H and fig 2, updated supplementary figures now provide additional support for claims.

- It would be helpful to include previously published data from zebrafish for comparison.

We appreciate the suggestion. Mearns et al. (2020) provided a comprehensive account of prey capture in zebrafish larvae in an almost identical setup with similar analyses. We do not feel it is necessary to recount all the findings in that paper here. There are many studies on prey capture in zebrafish from the past 20 years, and reproducing these here would not add anything to that extensive pre-existing literature.

- Justification is required for why it is meaningful to compare hunting strategies when both fish species and prey species are being varied. For instance, artemia and paramecia are different sizes and have different movement statistics.

We added text explaining why different food was chosen for medaka/cichlids. There is no easy way to stage match fishes as evolutionarily diverged as cichlids, medaka, and zebrafish. Size is a reasonable metric within a species, but there is no guarantee that sizematched larvae of two different species are at the same level of maturity. Therefore, we thought the most appropriate stage to address is when larvae first start feeding, as this enables us to study innate prey capture behavior before any learning or experience-dependent changes have taken place. Given that zebrafish, medaka and cichlid larvae are different sizes when they first start feeding, it was necessary to study their hunting behavior to different prey items.

- It would be helpful in Figure 1A to add the abbreviations used elsewhere in the paper. I found it slightly distracting that the authors switch back and forth in the paper between using "OL" and "medaka" to refer to the same species: please pick one and then remain consistent.

Medaka is the common name for the japanese rice fish, O. latipes. Cichlilds do not have common names are only referred to by their scientific names. Since readers are more likely to be familiar with the common name, medaka, we now use medaka (OL) throughout the manuscript, which we hope makes the text clearer.

- The conceptual meaning of behavioral segmentation is somewhat unclear. For zebrafish, the bouts already come temporally segmented. However in medaka for instance, swimming is more continuous, and the segmentation is presumably more in terms of "behavioral syllables" as have been discussed for example mouse or drosophila behavior (in the last row of Figure S1 it is not at all obvious why some of the boundaries were placed at their specific locations). It's not clear whether it's meaningful to make an equivalence between syllables and bouts, and so whether for instance Figure 1H is making an apples-to-apples comparison.

We clarified the text to say we are comparing syllables, rather than bouts.

- The interpretation of 1H is that "medaka exhibited significantly longer swims than cichlids"; however this is not supported by the appropriate statistical test. The KS test only says that two probability distributions are different; to say that one quantity is larger than another requires a comparison of means.

Updated Fig 1H; boostrap test (difference of medians) and re plotted data as violin plots.

(2) The data to support some of the claims is either weak or lacking entirely.

Highlighted timestamps in videos, new stats in fig 1H and fig 2, updated supplementary figures now provide additional support for claims.

- I think the evidence that there are qualitatively different patterns of eye convergence between species is weak. In Figure 2A I admire the authors addressing this using BIC, and the distributions are clearly separated in LA (the Hartigan dip test could be a useful additional test here). However for LO, NM, and AB the distributions only have one peak, and it's therefore unclear why it's better to fit them with two Gaussians rather than e.g. a gamma distribution. Indeed the latter has fewer parameters than a two-gaussian model, so it would be worthwhile to use BIC to make that comparison. The positions of the two Gaussians for LO, NM, and AB are separated by only a handful of degrees (cf LA, where the separation is ~20 degrees), which further supports the idea that there aren't really two qualitatively different convergence states here.

Added explanation to text.

- Figure S2 is unfortunately misleading in this regard. I don't claim the authors aimed to mislead, but they have made the well-known error of using colors with very different luminances in a plot where size matters (see e.g.

https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A %2F%2Fwww.r-project.org%2Fconferences%2FDSC2003%2FProceedings%2FIhaka.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cdme arns%40princeton.edu%7C17ae2b44f0f246f15ddd08dc9b8e2 01c%7C2ff601167431425db5af077d7791bda4%7C0%7C0%7

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Thus, to the eye, it appears there's a big valley between the red and blue regions, but actually, that valley is full of points: it's really just one big continuous blob.

Kernel density estimation of eye convergence angles were added to Figure S2. The point we wish to make is that there is higher density when both eyes are rotated invwards (converged) in cichlids, but not medaka (O. latipes). The valley between converged and unconverged states being full of points is due to (1) slight variation with placement of key points in SLEAP, which blurs the boundary between states and (2) the eye convergence angle must pass through the valley in order to become converged, so necessarily there are points in between the two extremes of eye convergence.

- In Figure 2D please could the authors double-check the significance of the difference between LO and NM: they certainly don't look different in the plot.

Thank for for flagging this. We realize the way we previously reported the stats was open to misinterpretation. We have updated figure 2C, D and F to use letters to indicate statistical groupings, which hopefully makes it clearer which species are statistically different from each other.

- In Figure 2G it's not clear why AB is not included. It is mentioned that the artemia was hard to track in the AB videos, but the supplementary videos provided do not support this.

The contrast of the artemia in the AB videos is sufficiently different from the other cichlid videos that our pre-trained YOLO model fails. Retraining the model would be a lot of extra work and we feel like a comparison of three species is sufficient to address the sensorimotor transformations that occur over the course of prey capture in cichlids.

- The statement "Zebrafish larvae have a unique swim repertoire during prey capture, which is distinct from exploratory swim bouts" is not supported by the work of others or indeed the authors' own work. In Figure 4F all types of bouts can occur at any time, it's just the probability at which they occur that varies during prey capture versus other times (see also Mearns et al (2020) Figure S4B).

The point is well taken that there probably is not a hard separation between spontaneous and prey capture swims based on tail kinematics alone, which is also shown in Marques et al. (2018). However, we think that figure 2I of Mearns et al., which plots the probability of swims being drawn from different parts of the behavior space during prey capture (eyes converged) or not (eyes unconverged), shows that the repertoire of swims during the two states is substantially different. Points are blue or red; there are very few pale blue/pale red points in that figure panel. Figure S4B is showing clustered data, and clustering is a notoriously challenging problem for which there exists no perfect solution (Kleinberg, 2002). The clusters in Mearns et al. incorporated information about transition structure, as this was necessary for obtaining interpretable clusters for subsequent analyses. However, a different clustering approach could have yielded different boundaries, which may have shown more (or less) separation of bout types during prey capture/exploratory swimming. Therefore, we have updated the text to say that zebrafish perferentially perform different swim types during prey capture and exploration, and re-interpreted the behavior of cichlids similarly.

- More discussion is warranted of the large variation in the number of behavioral clusters found between species (11-32). First, how much is this variation really to be trusted? I appreciate the affinity propogation parameters were the same in all cases, but what parameters "make sense" is somewhat dependent on the particular data set. Second, if one does believe this represents real variation, then why? This is really the key question, and it's unsatisfying to merely document it without trying to interpret it.

Extended paragraph with more interpretation.

- What is the purpose of "hovers"? Why not stay motionless? Could it be a way of reducing the latency of a subsequent movement? Is this an example of the scallop theorem?

Added a couple of sentences speculating on function.

- I'm not sure "spring-loaded" is a good term here: the tension force of a coiled tail is fairly negligible since there's little internal force actively trying to straighten it.

Rewrote this part to highlight that fish spring toward the prey, without the implication that tension forces in the tail are responible for the movement. However, we are not aware of any literature measuring passive forces within the tail of fishes. Presumably the notochord is relatively stiff and may provide an internal force trying to straighten the tail.

- There are now several statements for which no direct evidence is presented. We shouldn't have to rely on the author's qualitative impressions of what they observed: show us quantitative analysis.

* "often hover"

* "cichlids often alternate between approaches and hover swims"

* "over many hundreds of milliseconds"

* "we have also observed suction captures and ram-like attacks"

* "may swim backwards"

* "may expel prey from their mouth"

* "cichlid captures often occur in two phases"

Added references to supplementary videos with timestamps to highlight these behaviors.

- I don't find it plausible that sated fish continue hunting prey that they know they're not going to eat just for the practice.

Removed the speculation.

- In Figure 3 is it not possible to include medaka, based on the hand-tracked paramecia?

The videos are recorded at high frame rate, so it would be a lot of additional work to track these manually. Furthermore, earlier in prey capture it is very difficult to tell by watching videos which prey the medaka are tracking, especially as single paramecia can drift in and out of focus in the videos. Since there is no eye convergence, it is very difficult to ascertain for certain when tracking a given prey begins. In Fig 4, it was only possible to track paramecia by hand since it is immediately prior to the strike and from the video it is possible to see which paramecium the fish targeted. Our analyses of heading changes was performed over the 200 ms prior to a strike, which we think is a conservative enough cutoff to say that fish were probably pursuing prey in this window (it is shorter than the average behavioral syllable duration in medaka).

- Figure 3 (particularly 3D) suggests the interesting finding that LA essentially only hunt prey that is directly in front of them (unlike LO and NM, the distribution of prey azimuth actually seems to broaden slightly over the duration of hunting events).

This is worthy of discussion.

We offer a suggestion for the many instances of prey capture being initiated in the central visual field in LA later in the manuscript when we discuss spitting behavior. We have added text to make this point earlier in the manuscript. The increase in azimuthal range at the end of prey capture may be due to abort swims (e.g. supp. vid. 1, 00:21). The widening of azimuthal angles is present in LO and NM also and is not unique to LA.

- The reference Ding et al (2016) is not in the reference list.

Wrong paper was referenced. Should be Ding 2019, which has been added to bibliography.

- I am not convinced that medaka exhibit a unique side-swing behavior. I agree there is this tendency in the example movie, however, the results of the quantification (Figure 4) are underwhelming. First, cluster 5 in 4K appears to include a proportion of cases from LA and AB. These proportions may be small, but anything above zero means this is not unique to medaka. Second, the heading angle (4N) starts at 4 degrees for LA and 8 degrees for medaka. This difference is genuine but very small, much smaller than what's drawn in the schematic (4M). I'm not sure it's justifiable to call a difference of 4 degrees a qualitatively different strategy.

We have changed the text to highlight that side swing is highly enriched in medaka. Comparing 4J to 3B we would argue that there is a qualitative difference in the strategy used to capture prey in the cichlid larvae we study here and medaka. We agree that further work is required to understand distance estimation behaviors in different species. In this manuscript, we use heading angle as a proxy for how prey position might change on the retina over a hunting sequence. But as the heading and distance are changing over time, the actual change in angle on the retina for prey may be much larger than the ~8 degree shift reported here. The actual position of the prey is also important here, which, for reasons mentioned above, we could not track. Given the final location of prey in the visual field prior to the strike (Fig 4J), the most parsimonious explanation of the data is that the prey is always in the monocular visual field. In cichlids, the prey is more-or-less centered in the 200 ms preceding the strike. While it is true theat the absolute difference in heading is 4 degrees, when converted to an angular velocity (4N, right), the medaka (OL) effectively rotate twice as fast as LA (20 deg/s vs 40 deg/s), which we think is a substantial difference and evidence of a different targeting strategy.

- 4K: This is referred to in the caption as a confusion matrix, which it's not.

Fixed.

- 4N right panel: how many fish contributed to the points shown?

Added to figure legend (n=113, LA; n=36, OL). Same data in left and right panels.

- In the Discussion it is hypothesized that medaka use their lateral line in hunting more than in other species. Testing this hypothesis (even just compared to one other species) would be fairly straightforward, and would add significant interest to the paper overall.

We agree that this is an interesting experiment for follow up studies, but it is beyond the scope of the current manuscript as we do not have the appropriate animal license for this experiment.

Reviewer 2:

The paper is rather descriptive in nature, although more context is provided in the discussion. Most figures are great, but I think the authors could add a couple of visual aids in certain places to explain how certain components were measured.

Added new supplemental figure (Supp Fig 2)

Figure 1B- it could be useful to add zebrafish and medaka to the scientific names (I realize it's already in Figure A but I found myself going back and forth a couple of times, mostly trying to confirm that O. latipes is medaka).

Added common names to 1B, sprinkled reminders of OL/medaka throughout text.

Figure 1G. I wasn't sure how to interpret the eye angle relative to the midline. Can they rotate their eyes or is this due to curvature in the 'upper' body of the fish? Adding a schematic figure or something like that could help a reader who is not familiar with these methods. Related to this, I was a bit confused by Figure 2A. After reading the methods section, I think I understand - but I little cartoon to describe this would help. It also reminds the reader (especially if they don't work with fish) that fish eyes can rotate. I also wanted to note that initially, I thought convergence was a measure of how the two eyes were positioned relative to the prey given the emphasis given on binocular vision, and only after reading certain sections again did I realize convergence was a measure of eye rotation/movement.

New supplemental figure explaining how eye tracking is performed

Figure 3. It was not immediately clear to me what onset, middle, and end represented - although it is explained in the caption. I think what tripped me up is the 'eye convergence' title in the top right corner of Figure 3A.

Updated figure with schematic illustrating that time is measured relative to eye convergence onset and end.

The result section about attack swim, S-strike, capture spring, etc. was a bit confusing to read and could benefit from a couple of concise descriptions of these behaviors. For example, I am not familiar with the S strike but a couple of paragraphs into this section, the reader learns more about the difference between S strike vs. attack swim. This can be mentioned in the first paragraph when these distinct behaviors are mentioned.

Added description of behavior earlier in text.

Figure 4. Presents lots of interesting data! I wonder if using Figure 1E could help the reader better understand how these measurements were taken.

New supplemental figure added, explaining how tail tracking is performed.

I probably overlooked this, but I wonder why so many panels are just focused on one species.

Added explanation to the text.

Is the S-shaped capture strategy the same as an S strike?

Clarified in text to say "S-strike-like". This is a description of prey capture from adult largemouth bass in New et al. (2002). From the still frames shown in that paper, the kinematics looks similar to an S-strike or capture spring. The important point we wish to make is that tail is coiled in an S-shape prior to a strike, which indicates this that a kinematically similar behavior exists fishes beyond just larval cichlids and zebrafish.

At the end of the page, when continuous swimming versus interrupted swimming is discussed, please remind the reader that medaka shows more continuous swimming (longer bouts).

Added "while medaka swim continuously with longer bouts ("gliding")".

After reading the discussion, it looks like many findings are unique. For example, given that medaka is such a popular model species in biology, it strikes me that nobody has ever looked into their hunting movements before. If their findings are novel, perhaps they should state so it is clear that the authors are not ignoring the literature.

We have highlighted what we believe to be the novelty of our findings (first description of prey capture in larval cichlids and medaka). To our knowledge, we are first to describe hunting in medaka; but there is an extensive literature on medaka dating back to the early 20th century, some of which is only published in Japanese. We have done our best to review the literature, but we cannot rule out that there are papers that we missed. No English language article or review we found mentions literature on hunting behavior in medaka larvae.

Reviewer 3:

More evidence is needed to assess the types of visual monocular depth cues used by medaka fish to estimate prey location, but that is beyond the scope of this compelling paper. For example, medaka may estimate depth through knowledge of expected prey size, accommodation, defocus blur, ocular parallax, and/or other possible algorithms to complement cues from motion parallax.

Added sentence to discussion highlighting that other cues may also contribute to distance estimation in cichlids and medakas. Follow-up studies will require new animal license.

None. It's quite nice, timely, and thorough work! For future work, one could use 3D pose estimation of eye and prey kinematics to assess the dynamics of the 2D image (prey and background) cast onto the retina. This sort of representation could be useful to infer which monocular depth cues may be used by medaka during hunting.

Great suggestion for follow up studies. Bolton et al. and Mearns et al. both find changes in z associated with prey capture, and it would be interesting to see how other fish species use the full 3-dimensional water column during prey capture, especially considering the diversity of hunting strategies in adult cichlids (ranging from piscivorous species, like LA, to algar grazers).

In Figure 4N, you use "change in heading leading up to a strike as a proxy for the change in visual angle of the prey for cichlids and medaka." This proxy makes sense, but you also have the eye angles and (in some cases) the prey positions. One could estimate the actual change in visual angle from this information, which would also allow one to measure whether the fish are trying to stabilize the position of the prey on a high-acuity patch of the retina during the final moments of the hunt. This information may also shed light on which monocular depth cues are used.

As addressed in comment to reviewer 1, this would require actually manually tracking individual paramecia over hundreds of frames. It is not possible to determine exactly when hunting begins in medaka, and it is prone to errors if medaka switch between targets over the course of a hunting episode. This question is better addressed with psychophysics experiments in embedded animals where it is possible to precisely control the stimulus, but this requires new animal licenses and is beyond the scope of this paper.

In Figure 5, you could place the prey object a little farther from the D. rerio fish for the S-strike diagram.

Fixed.

Figure 4F legend should read "...at the peak of each bout."

Fixed.

As a dancer who was trained in ballet, modern, jazz, afro Caribbean, hip hop, African and many more styles for about 15 years, to learn more about the origin of jazz is quite interesting in a way because there is a known saying of " Ballet is the foundation of all dance" and for a while I have believed that because ballet is what we all started in, it's the most popular etc. But when I read this, it makes me wonder how untrue that is. It's a series of genres hat can form one new style of dance it's no always ballet or on its own. I wonder what caused ballet dance to take the title. (And for a dancer who has recently left high school for dance and forgot most of the dance terms the bottom is really helpful)

reminds me of the concept of rationalising thought. rehearsing it in your head and hearing it from a new perspective of logic.

Caswell argues that humanities scholars often treat 'the archive' as a metaphor while ignoring actual archival theory and practice. This reminds me of how historical narratives sometimes overlook the role of archivists in shaping what gets preserved. Should archivists push back more against this erasure, or does it even matter if scholars use 'archive' metaphorically?

cool backdrop - reminds me of Otis and Marlena by Joni Mitchell

This reminds me of the oppression other minorities have experienced in the past.

was impressed by the author's mention of "situational disability". Everyone may experience the trouble of "disability" in certain situations, such as being unable to operate fine motor skills when wearing thick gloves, or being unable to concentrate in a noisy environment. This reminds me that our physical abilities are dynamic, and everyone will experience "insufficiency" in specific situations, so we need to maintain more empathy and understanding for others' experience of disability.

The movie in this web page- -Catch Me if You Can is a story about the hero who uses fake checks to cheat millions of dollars. The FBI is obsessed with chasing the hero, but the hero enjoys the chase game on the run. The film delves into the delicate relationship between identity, deception, and law enforcement. It implies the existence of advanced fraud and reminds the public to be careful about being defrauded.

I wanted to touch on this specific section because I agreed with the approach, but more importantly, I believe this is the essence of what we have been learning to do in this class. Understanding what exactly is needed in a specific circumstance, and context I think is what drives a good solution. This is why sometimes simple solutions such as the Macca Scoop literally dominate in there specified problems (For those who don't know the Macca Scoop is used to place a specific amount of chips, or fries in the container which improves efficiency and produces cost exponentially which is hilarious since it's just a simple plastic thing). This is why I believe designing and research go hand and hand because you need to understand what the problem needs for the context. Especially once budgets and production get involved.

Wicked Reading: I wanted to focus on Design and Technology on page 19. Specifically the section where he expresses systematic thinking. I think this insight is beyond useful since we as a society have begun to incorrectly define things we interact with daily such as technology. The issue with these definitions is that they affect how we approach and interact with technology. Although it seems small I can see how these definitions tend to cause impacts on design, and overall expansion of ideas since they focus on the wrong things such as product, instead of valuing how technology-based design all holds very important principles that should be maintained, and I agree with this since it reminds me of one of my favorite insights on how the methodology is usually more important than the content. It is about how you do it.

This talk really points out one of the main problems in education and how traditional systems discourage creative confidence. It frustrates me that schools would still focus on standardized testing and rigid curricula rather than innovation and self-expression. The speaker's argument reminds me of how students are often afraid to take risks because they fear making mistakes. If education encouraged more open-ended thinking, students might feel more empowered to explore new ideas.

The word "Atman" means "higher self" which contrast with the word "deha" the lower self (Majithia 78). I believe this indicates that "[t]he Adhyatman" are the higher selves or souls. What is interesting about the word "Brahma" is that it looks very similar to the word "Brahman" which means the "universal self" (Majithia 78). While through context, I understand that this is meant to essentially be god, the implications of the idea of the universal self suggests to me that Brahma is the soul that all higher selves are trying to become. Especially since Brahma is known as "Soul of Souls" (1087) gives this idea of superiority and reminds me of the phrase best of the best.

Majithia, Roopen. The Highest Good in the Nicomachean Ethics and the Bhagavad Gita: Knowledge, Happiness, and Freedom. Bloomsbury Academic, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350215122.

Majithia, Roopen. The Highest Good in the Nicomachean Ethics and the Bhagavad Gita: Knowledge, Happiness, and Freedom. Bloomsbury Academic, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350215122.

There are many things here that Krishna declares himself to be. He claims to be Vayu (the wind), Yama (the lord of death), Agni (fire), Varuna (the ocean), and Prajapati (the creator), through the concept of Vishvarupa, Krishna's universal form. This reminds me of the Abkallu in ancient Mesopotamian mythology. Similarly, the Abkallu, or Akkadian: 𒉽𒂗𒆠 apkallu, were semi-divine beings who were thought to transmit divine wisdom to kings, in order to ensure the maintenance of cosmic order, just as Krishna's role depicted here is the source of cosmic balance and order. In short, both figures serve as divine intermediaries between humans and the cosmos. Their wisdom-bearing roles share striking similarities.

Bondzhev, Asen. (2024). Enki’s Seven Sages (Adapa/Oannes and the Apkallu): Humanity’s Cosmic Guardians. Open Journal for Studies in History. 7. 31-44. 10.32591/coas.ojsh.0701.03031b.

Reminds me of how poeple describe art in a way

The point about vague feedback like “It’s good” or “Could be improved” resonates with me because such comments lack depth and don’t provide any room for growth. I find this perspective useful because it highlights the importance of offering constructive, specific feedback that fosters creativity and problem-solving. It also reminds me to be more intentional in my own feedback, focusing on generating ideas rather than just critiquing.

[I] This reminds me of a teacher I previously had who spoke about the importance of being seen as each others equals. Despite her being our instructor, she saw us as equals because we each provided something that would benefit each other. She taught us the knowledge that she had learned throughout her education and in return we provide her with insight, new knowledge, students to be taught, and understanding.

[I] This concept reminds me to a book I read "The Subtle Art of Not Giving a Fuck", which included a chapter on the art of noticing. Basically it was about how the more I look for a certain thing or item the more I will notice it and it will eventually seem like a larger thing than it was. For example, when people say they "see angel numbers" everywhere it is simply because their brain is subconciously looking for it in everything they see.

(C) This reminds me of ideas we explored in Bruce's Sustainble Futures class. When imagining what could be, or seeing the best potential version of something or someone is inherently generative. Your imagination brings the possibility of that highest future into reality.

(I) I also like the idea of thinking about what are "life giving" forces. My mom speaks in these types of terms. Life is growth and change and collaboration and integration. Death is stagnation, isolation, and permanence. Life giving forces are important to identify and cultivate!

I) Problem solving can be useful in short spurts or in contained instances, but long term problem focused thinking can lead to a negative, problem oriented culture. This reminds me of things in my own life where if I focus too much on what is going wrong, I can build a sense of overwhelming doom. It is important to highlight strengths and successes, even personally, in order to stay postivie and motivated when difficult or problematic instances arise.

This section reminds me of how compensation is determined in tort law. Harms to individuals are assigned monetary value based, in part, by the current and future "value" of the individual which is determined by their future expected income potential and current income. This sorting is inherently a gendered, radicalized and classed process.

Reminds me of the concept we spoke of in class–the embodied knowledge that we generate through movement and sport.

I appreciate this Marxist critique. This also reminds me of what we discussed in class about the way the organization of sports culture and of athletes is inspired by military techniques of uniformity and drills.

reminds me of heraclitus

Reminds me of the symbolic significance of the cemetery and the Gede Lwas

This reminds me of Kathryn Schulz's ted talk because she talks about the joy from exploring the uncertainty and the knowledge gained from understanding errors in life.

Reminds me of the Kathy Schultz video regarding being wrong: Often the public (or in the case of individuals, other people) don't allow us to be wrong without consequences.

This reminds me of a reading from Fanon where he posits that the Western world uses its works (like medicine, technology, etc.) as a justification for the acts of brutality it commits against its enslaved people and colonies. Further, he mentions that during a truly revolutionary struggle, Western forms of medicine become adopted into the traditional belief system harmoniously in the creation of a new national identity.

I annotated this because I feel like it really highlights what the real world application of our communication skills is. It shows that some of the things we are going to do in class wont just be for grades, its also to help us succeed! but it reminds me that this will build a solid foundation for effective communication, and fostering these skills and begin applying them

This reminds me of when I was breaking down the root of environment-related words for my environmental ethics class last semester. We looked at words in English and in other languages like "earthworm," "dirt," "soil," etc. It was so interesting to see the different connotations/definitions for each word.

This idea reminds me of the problems we want to create in the "Building Thinking Classrooms" framework. Story is such a powerful way to engage participants to feel invested in a problem and motivated to solve it.

This statement is both fascinating and concerning. It highlights the power of social media data mining in revealing deeply personal aspects of individuals' lives. While this could be used positively in certain cases, it raises serious privacy concerns. Many people may not even be aware that their online interactions could be analyzed in such a way. It reminds me of how companies like Facebook have been criticized for their data collection practices, sometimes leading to ethical debates about user consent and privacy. Should there be stricter regulations on what personal attributes can be inferred from social media data?

This reminds me of how kids will make up silly and random words such as, "rizz" to create meaning to something. Instead of using the English language such as, "flirting", that would cover what they're trying to express.

This reminds me that there is always something to learn and to be open minded.

hackneyed: (of a phrase or idea) lacking significance through having been overused; unoriginal and trite.

This reminds me of political language in which we discuss many of the same subjects and stay true to opposing sides but can never create new ones to meet in the middle.

ANOTHER IMPORTANT THING TO RESEARCH, REMINDS ME OF NCLB

It is so interesting to hear about even back in early times women were still idolized for their beauty. Going to the village and walking by natives to get paid kind of reminds me of modeling in our generation. Pretty privilege is something that has many foreseen benefits since the start of time.

Rituals are a large part of cultural practice, and in many ceremonies, a level of secrecy is required, some to uphold traditional standards. This reminds me of Sambia, a tribe in Papa New Guinea that historically relied on the confidentiality of rituals to maintain power for men through shared knowledge.

This reminds me of the discourse that took place with The Little Mermaid live action movie. It is so bizarre that where people draw the line with a mythical and magical character like a mermaid is their race. It's okay if they have every magical power but being Black is just too unrealistic. This discourse is cyclical.

There was a youtube video essay I saw recently about the exploitation of children in predetory media. It discusses movies like lolita and precious. This part of the essay reminds me of the main argument the video was making.

Reminds me of Amy in the passage quickly wiping her tear as she gets ready to take her photo at the police station. The strain that constantly having to switch between child and adult put on black girls is exhausting.

Reminds me a lot of Amy from The passage. She seems to be very familiar with the foster care system as she calls out/ notices that there isn't any lady coming to pick her up—the beginning of the adultification of black children.

White women are seen as desirable and innocent for essentially not doing anything extraordinary while black women have to fight harder and do more to be seen as. valid love interest and not someone who you can have sex with and dispose. This reminds me of the relationship the doctor and richards have in " The Passage" They only have sex and never talk about their feelings for real and when he is intimatley sleeping next to her Richards is dreaming of the blood sucking white girl demon he created.

This reminds me of the viewing and characterization of Amy in the television show the passage and how her "street smarts" was brought on by the anger she had towards her drug addicted mother and the forced independence she had to take on because of her "Irresponsible" parent.

I like the point that Lorde makes throughout this essay about how the erotic becomes a source of strength for women when reclaimed. This reminds me as viewing the erotic as a form of resistance, as a form of power. It is taking a term one step further as to represent a internal sense of satisfaction, joy, and connection to oneself and others. To mean more than just something as simple as sex.

I find this sentence powerful because it illustrates that not all disruption is automatically negative; rather, its ethical standing depends on what system or norm you’re trying to change. If a practice is itself harmful or unjust—like a discriminatory social norm—then disrupting it may be praiseworthy. However, if you’re simply undermining a supportive community or causing chaos for personal amusement, that’s problematic. This approach encourages a deeper look at the underlying reasons for disruption before labeling the act as “trolling” or “harassment.” It reminds me that we need to evaluate the legitimacy of what’s being disrupted and the motives for doing so.

This specific section of the NASW Code of Ethics specifically reminds me of an event at my job where a In-Community therapist (IIC) violated boundaries with a client / youth. We define youths as any of our clients under 21 years old, whom we work to monitor and adjust services per their mental and behavioral health needs. In this event, the IIC sent her husband to the shelter where the youth was to send food to the client. While this was a nice gesture, it violated the youth's HIPPA rights and crossed many personal boundaries. In this instance, I think about the professional obligations that conflicted with the IIC's personal, ethical dilemmas. When receiving the call that the youth was hungry must have risen many ethical uncertainties for this therapist/ IIC.

As someone with a Hispanic background, I find the description of Ādhān al-Qāḍī, or "The Judge’s Ears," to be both evocative to the average reader and relatable to myself and others who are of a similar cultural background. In addition, this recipe serves as a history lesson in showing us the impact that the invasions of the Moors of Spain for centuries had on the nation’s culinary practices. The appreciation for a pastry that is "scrumptiously luscious and brittle to the bite" speaks to a universal love for food that delights the senses. In Hispanic culture, we have our own array of pastries that carry rich flavors and textures, such as empanadas and arepas, which also offer that satisfying crunch and warmth. The imagery of the pastry being "fit for a judge" resonates with me. It reflects the importance of quality and craft in food, much like how our traditional dishes often carry the weight of cultural significance. In Hispanic communities, cooking is not just about sustenance; it’s an art form passed down through generations, much like the care taken in preparing a delicate pastry like Ādhān al-Qāḍī. The recipe’s mention of the pastry maintaining its crispness even after freezing and reheating reminds me of how many of our beloved recipes also stand the test of time. For instance, many Hispanic desserts, like flan or tres leches cake, can be enjoyed days later without losing their charm. This speaks to the craftsmanship involved in creating foods that are meant to be savored repeatedly. Moreover, the notion of a pastry being "deliciously addictive" is something I can wholeheartedly agree with. In Hispanic culture, gatherings often revolve around food, and the irresistible nature of treats encourages sharing and connection among family and friends. It’s fascinating how something as simple as a pastry can evoke such depth and history, bridging cultural divides and celebrating the joy that food brings to our lives. Your description inspires me to seek out this pastry and explore its flavors, reminding me of the beauty found in diverse culinary traditions.

This reminds me of modern debates about AI replacing jobs in industries like customer service, content creation, etc.

This reminds me of a new kind of trolling in a Chinese video platform, since it is a socialize platform, there are a lot of bots that comments under some video or posts those praises a company's product, such as a type of phone, and say that the product sucks, some add some comment about another product and tell how well it is （commonly praise those who paid for it to do so）. Sometimes it is just an unwise human doing so. Here is where trolling plays a role. Some people post a fake post that is usually wrong in a very obvious way that human can tell in just a glance. But the bots can't identify that so it will comment and do its job under that trolling tab. People usually do that for fun as far as I concern.

This reminds me of the take that emojis are (on a super basic level) reinventing heiroglyphics as a way to communicate via symbols. So in that respect--this reliance on visual literacy has ALWAYS been a way for us to communicate, we simply lean into more or less depending on the era and culture

I can see through these examples that crime measurements are sort of used for people sick reasons, specifically the last example. It reminds me in my old small town how a group of firefighter had this argument that crime in out town was raising because of a rise of Mexican descending people were moving to our town. It was this whole debate but luckily nothing ever came about it, but they tried to argue that they were all criminals and should leave.

I think this point was pretty interesting. This reminds me of how in class, we talked about how when brainstorming ideas, we need to unfilter out our ideas and let them flow out, because if we filter out our ideas, we may lose out on interesting ideas that can contribute to the bigger picture of how we want the project to look like. Plus, taking a little bit and looking back at the idea later can also add interesting insights that make it useful as opposed to just saying it's a dumb idea and forgetting about it.

This reminds me of the stories my mother would tell me about the internet before it evolved. She described a time when the online world was less structured, often experimental, and far removed from the interconnected digital landscape we know today. Those earlier experiences reflect a simpler, more exploratory phase of online communication.

This kind of reminds me of the way my sisters (those born in the 1990s) used to social interact online. I remember seeing them posting or journeying on their own web page, it's called QQ Space. This was the most common platform people used to social online.

Reminds me of slavers' statues taken down in Southern US

Reminds me of the importance of intersectionality and understanding the fact that everyone has a different and unique perspective from different and unique lived life experiences.

reminds me of the NPC a bit -- non-playable character. Almost part of the setting's furniture.