A Java style monitor

The operations notify c and notify all c are treated as "hints" that P may be true for some waiting thread.

condition variable c

The implementation given here is incorrect

Sample Mesa-monitor implementation with Test-and-Set

signal(queueEmptyCV); -- OR -- notifyAll(queueEmptyCV);

bounded producer/consumer problem

signal c

broadcast c

Monitors provide a mechanism for threads to temporarily give up exclusive access in order to wait for some condition to be met, before regaining exclusive access and resuming their task.

A monitor consists of a mutex (lock) object and condition variables.

In concurrent programming (also known as parallel programming), a monitor is a synchronization construct that allows threads to have both mutual exclusion and the ability to wait (block) for a certain condition to become false.

Each user obtains a different outcome based on the choices they make.

link server systems

base URL, which contains the address of the user's institutional link-server, followed by a query string, consisting of key-value pairs serializing a ContextObject. The ContextObject is most often bibliographic data, but as of version 1.0 OpenURL can also include information about the requester, the resource containing the hyperlink, the type of service required, and so forth. For example:

is often a bibliographic citation or bibliographic record in a database. Examples of these databases include Ovid Technologies,

An OpenURL is similar to a web address, but instead of referring to a physical website, it refers to an article, book, patent, or other resource within a website.

(2001-05-31) 31 May 2001

anyone can edit.

One of the significant differences between the two is that a call to a partially applied function returns the result right away, not another function down the currying chain; this distinction can be illustrated clearly for functions whose arity is greater than two.

Currying and partial function application are often conflated.

Contrast with partial function application

As such, curry is more suitably defined as an operation which, in many theoretical cases, is often applied recursively, but which is theoretically indistinguishable (when considered as an operation) from a partial application.

Trajectory

robotics researchers

Optical flow

Using | x y | ≤ p {\displaystyle |xy|\leq p} , we know y {\displaystyle y} only consists of instances of a {\displaystyle a} . Moreover, because | y | ≥ 1 {\displaystyle |y|\geq 1} , it contains at least one instance of the letter a {\displaystyle a} .

In all cases, the technique is appropriate for structures with high degree (large fanout). For low-degree structures, outline editors or graph viewers are more effective.

A backronym, or bacronym, is an acronym that is assigned to a word that existed prior to the invention of the backronym.

The word is a blend of back and acronym.

agitprop (1930) (a portmanteau of "agitation" and "propaganda")

is a popularly held but false belief about the origin or derivation of a specific word

Prior to version 6.0, BitTorrent was written in Python, and was free software.

As a result, it is no longer open source.

BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer (P2P) communications protocol for file sharing. It may also refer to: BitTorrent (company), a company which develops and maintains the BitTorrent protocol BitTorrent (software), the original BitTorrent client

Merchant offers iDEAL as payment method Consumer selects iDEAL and selects their bank Consumer is redirected to their bank's login page Participating bank displays transaction data Customer enters account number and signs the transaction digitally using a 2FA token Bank authorizes transaction in real-time, deducting the amount directly from the consumer's account (if there is not enough balance, the transaction will be refused) Merchant received real-time confirmation of the payment by the bank Consumer is redirected back to the merchant page with a confirmation that the payment has been successful

On 22 September 1599, a group of merchants met and stated their intention "to venture in the pretended voyage to the East Indies (the which it may please the Lord to prosper), and the sums that they will adventure", committing £30,133 (over £4,000,000 in today's money).

with Indian revenues of £13,464,561 (equivalent to £229.9 million in 2019)

By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the East India company had a private army of about 260,000

"Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification."

A class should only have a single responsibility, that is, only changes to one part of the software's specification should be able to affect the specification of the class.

One should "depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions."

"Objects in a program should be replaceable with instances of their subtypes without altering the correctness of that program." See also design by contract.

such an entity can allow its behaviour to be extended without modifying its source code.

–

Interface specifications can be reused through inheritance but implementation need not be.

The existing interface is closed to modifications and new implementations must, at a minimum, implement that interface.

abstracted interfaces, where the implementations can be changed and multiple implementations could be created and polymorphically substituted for each other.

This assumes that the module has been given a well-defined, stable description (the interface in the sense of information hiding).

Once the View is "done" then it should be closed for modification.

In these two languages, the "Function is a first-class citizen, which allows for aggregation of behaviors outside of the class.

This allows the shooter to relax and concentrate on the intended target at which they are shooting.

Compound interest, in finance, unpaid interest that is added to the principal

According to the endurantist view, material objects are persisting three-dimensional individuals wholly present at every moment of their existence

The perdurantist view is that an individual has distinct temporal parts throughout its existence.

antipode

However, it does seem that objects can change over time. If one were to look at a tree one day, and the tree later lost a leaf, it would seem that one could still be looking at that same tree.

Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations

Alfred Korzybski remarked that "the map is not the territory" and that "the word is not the thing", encapsulating his view that an abstraction derived from something, or a reaction to it, is not the thing itself.

The map–territory relation describes the relationship between an object and a representation of that object, as in the relation between a geographical territory and a map of it.

"The menu is not the meal."

Esoteric concepts are concepts which cannot be fully conveyed except by direct experience

emphasized the disutility of 1:1 maps and other overly detailed models: "A model which took account of all the variation of reality would be of no more use than a map at the scale of one to one."

a drawing of a pipe with the caption, Ceci n'est pas une pipe ("This is not a pipe")

A map is not the territory it represents, but, if correct, it has a similar structure to the territory, which accounts for its usefulness.

Mustache is described as a "logic-less" system because it lacks any explicit control flow statements, like if and else conditionals or for loops

Here, when x is a Boolean value then the section tag acts like an if conditional, but when x is an array then it acts like a foreach loop.

It is named "Mustache" because of heavy use of braces, { }, that resemble a sideways moustache.

Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach, a 13th-century epic poem of the Arthurian knight Parzival (Percival) and his quest for the Holy Grail (12th century).

encapsulation refers to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination thereof:[3][4] A language mechanism for restricting direct access to some of the object's components.[5][6] A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods (or other functions) operating on that data.[1][7]

object orientation

some programming languages that provide lexical closures view encapsulation as a feature of the language orthogonal to object orientation.

Examples

As there are no fully standard definitions of use cases, each project must form its own interpretation.

3 Templates

Brief: (equivalent to a user story or an epic) The member edits any part (the entire article or just a section) of an article they are reading. Preview and changes comparison are allowed during the editing.

There are many ways to write a use case in text, from use case brief, casual, outline, to fully dressed etc., and with varied templates.

1,000 species

DOAJ

It is produced by Clarivate Analytics

Critics, including Sarah Posner and Joe Conason, maintain that prosperity teachers cultivate authoritarian organizations. They argue that leaders attempt to control the lives of adherents by claiming divinely-bestowed authority.[63] Jenkins contends that prosperity theology is used as a tool to justify the high salaries of pastors.

In a study of the Swedish Word of Life Church, he noted that members felt part of a complex gift-exchange system, giving to God and then awaiting a gift in return (either from God directly or through another church member).[66]

Concerning the discipline of sociology, he described the dichotomy of sedentary life versus nomadic life as well as the inevitable loss of power that occurs when warriors conquer a city. According to the Arab scholar Sati' al-Husri, the Muqaddimah may be read as a sociological work. The work is based around Ibn Khaldun's central concept of 'aṣabiyyah, which has been translated as "social cohesion", "group solidarity", or "tribalism". This social cohesion arises spontaneously in tribes and other small kinship groups; it can be intensified and enlarged by a religious ideology. Ibn Khaldun's analysis looks at how this cohesion carries groups to power but contains within itself the seeds – psychological, sociological, economic, political – of the group's downfall, to be replaced by a new group, dynasty or empire bound by a stronger (or at least younger and more vigorous) cohesion. Some of Ibn Khaldun's views, particularly those concerning the Zanj people of sub-Saharan Africa,[27] have been cited as a racist,[28] though they were not uncommon for their time. According to the scholar Abdelmajid Hannoum, Ibn Khaldun's description of the distinctions between Berbers and Arabs were misinterpreted by the translator William McGuckin de Slane, who wrongly inserted a "racial ideology that sets Arabs and Berbers apart and in opposition" into his translation of the Muqaddimah.

Based on all available forms, the hypothetical proto-Celtic word may be reconstructed as *dru-wid-s (pl. *druwides) meaning "oak-knower".

In any case Quintilian makes it clear that non-alphabetic signs can be employed as memory images, and even goes on to mention how 'shorthand' signs (notae) can be used to signify things that would otherwise be impossible to capture in the form of a definite image (he gives "conjunctions" as an example).[36]

The Art of Signs (Latin Ars Notoria) is also very likely a development of the graphical mnemonic. Yates mentions Apollonius of Tyana and his reputation for memory, as well as the association between trained memory, astrology and divination.[37] She goes on to suggest It may have been out of this atmosphere that there was formed a tradition which, going underground for centuries and suffering transformations in the process, appeared in the Middle Ages as the Ars Notoria, a magical art of memory attributed to Apollonius or sometimes to Solomon. The practitioner of the Ars Notoria gazed at figures or diagrams curiously marked and called 'notae' whilst reciting magical prayers. He hoped to gain in this way knowledge, or memory, of all the arts and sciences, a different 'nota' being provided for each discipline. The Ars Notoria is perhaps a descendant of the classical art of memory, or of that difficult branch of it which used the shorthand notae. It was regarded as a particularly black kind of magic and was severely condemned by Thomas Aquinas.[38]

Child considered that folk ballads came from a more democratic time in the past when society was not so rigidly segregated into classes, and the "true voice" of the people could therefore be heard. He conceived "the people" as comprising all the classes of society, rich, middle, and poor, and not only those engaged in manual labor as Marxists sometimes use the word.

Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett), the first enslaved African American to sue for her freedom in the courts based on the law of the 1780 constitution of the state of Massachusetts, which held that "all men are born free and equal." The Jury agreed and in 1781 she won her freedom. Her lawyer had been Theodore Sedgwick.

Celtic Tree Alphabet

The Isle of Man has five inscriptions. One of these is the famous inscription at Port St. Mary (503) which reads DOVAIDONA MAQI DROATA ᚛ᚇᚑᚃᚐᚔᚇᚑᚅᚐ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚇᚏᚑᚐᚈᚐ᚜ or 'Dovaidona son of the Druid'.

Of other significance, this passage is recognized as the first example of cosmological mapping in the history of Greece.[4]

It was later determined that humans impose meaning even on nonsense syllables to make them more meaningful. The nonsense syllable PED (which is the first three letters of the word "pedal") turns out to be less nonsensical than a syllable such as KOJ; the syllables are said to differ in association value.[5] It appears that Ebbinghaus recognized this, and only referred to the strings of syllables as "nonsense" in that the syllables might be less likely to have a specific meaning and he should make no attempt to make associations with them for easier retrieval.

Ebbinghaus had also documented the serial position effect, which describes how the position of an item affects recall. The two main concepts in the serial position effect are recency and primacy. The recency effect describes the increased recall of the most recent information because it is still in the short-term memory. The primacy effect causes better memory of the first items in a list due to increased rehearsal and commitment to long-term memory.

Anomie (/ˈænəˌmi/) is a "condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals".[1] It is the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and the community, e.g., under unruly scenarios resulting in fragmentation of social identity and rejection of self-regulatory values.

Early Christians used the ichthys, a symbol of a fish, to represent Jesus,[94][95] because the Greek word for fish, ΙΧΘΥΣ Ichthys, could be used as an acronym for "Ίησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ" (Iesous Christos, Theou Huios, Soter), meaning "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour".

Redux, which features a single store, often called a single source of truth

use universal loading to render identical HTML on both the server and client.

React does not attempt to provide a complete "application library". It is designed specifically for building user interfaces[3] and therefore does not include many of the tools some developers might consider necessary to build an application.

numerically evaluate the derivative of a function specified by a computer program

Voxel-based morphometry is a computational approach to neuroanatomy that measures differences in local concentrations of brain tissue

classical logic was abstracted from the mathematics of finite sets and their subsets …. Forgetful of this limited origin, one afterwards mistook that logic for something above and prior to all mathematics, and finally applied it, without justification, to the mathematics of infinite sets. This is the Fall and original sin of [Cantor's] set theory ..."[24]

the axiom of infinity (which is, indeed, an axiom and not a logical truth)

Discovery learning can occur whenever the student is not provided with an exact answer but rather the materials in order to find the answer themselves.

two genes, egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1) (which inhibits haemoglobin production under high oxygen concentration) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), were also identified to be positively selected

50 Tibetans and 40 Han Chinese from Beijing

The misspelling of referrer originated in the original proposal by computer scientist Phillip Hallam-Baker to incorporate the field into the HTTP specification.[4] The misspelling was set in stone by the time of its incorporation into the Request for Comments standards document RFC 1945; document co-author Roy Fielding has remarked that neither "referrer" nor the misspelling "referer" were recognized by the standard Unix spell checker of the period.

"weed whacker"

Ballas developed this into what he called the "Weed Eater", since it chewed up the grass and weeds around trees.

"weed eater"

Mott–Schottky plot

during the Cold War the United States developed several dedicated reconnaissance aircraft designs, including the U-2 and SR-71, to monitor the nuclear threat from the Soviet Union.[5] Other types of reconnaissance aircraft were built for specialized roles in signals intelligence and electronic monitoring, such as the RB-47, Boeing RC-135 and the Ryan Model 147 drones.

The most recent studies propose, in summary, a model of binary system of hypernova (BdHN I) with two neutron stars, where one of them collapses in a black hole, surrounded by an accretion disk and from whose poles the GRB is launched

A backdoor is usually a secret method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer system, a product, or an embedded device, etc.[23] Companies may also willingly or unwillingly introduce backdoors to their software that help subvert key negotiation or bypass encryption altogether. In 2013, information leaked by Edward Snowden showed that Skype had a backdoor which allowed Microsoft to hand over their users' messages to the NSA despite the fact that those messages were officially end-to-end encrypted.

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model.

compatibility with hex keys

Very large-scale integration was made possible with the wide adoption of the MOS transistor, originally invented by Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959.[2] Atalla first proposed the concept of the MOS integrated circuit chip in 1960, followed by Kahng in 1961, both noting that the MOS transistor's ease of fabrication made it useful for integrated circuits.[3][4] General Microelectronics introduced the first commercial MOS integrated circuit in 1964.[5] In the early 1970s, MOS integrated circuit technology allowed the integration of more than 10,000 transistors in a single chip.[6] This paved the way for VLSI in the 1970s and 1980s, with tens of thousands of MOS transistors on a single chip (later hundreds of thousands, then millions, and now billions).

n September 2003, in an interactive session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported th

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (/ˈæbdəl kəˈlɑːm/ (listen); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and politician who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development

deep neural networks, deep belief networks, recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks have been applied to fields including computer vision, machine vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, audio recognition, social network filtering, machine translation, bioinformatics, drug design,

The term banister (also bannister) refers to the system of balusters and handrail of a stairway

In furniture construction it is known as a spindle

Susceptibility to bias

Viewing Wikipedia as fitting the economists' definition of a perfectly competitive marketplace of ideas, George Bragues (University of Guelph-Humber), examined Wikipedia's articles on seven top Western philosophers: Aristotle, Plato, Immanuel Kant, René Descartes, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Thomas Aquinas, and John Locke. Wikipedia's articles were compared to a consensus list of themes culled from four reference works in philosophy. Bragues found that, on average, Wikipedia's articles only covered 52% of consensus themes. No errors were found, though there were significant omissions

related to the wolves that were first domesticate

RDF is an abstract model with several serialization formats (i.e. file formats),

The traditional solution for SPAs has been to change the browser URL's hash fragment identifier in accord with the current screen state. This can be achieved with JavaScript, and causes URL history events to be built up within the browser. As long as the SPA is capable of resurrecting the same screen state from information contained within the URL hash, the expected back-button behavior is retained.

A single-page application (SPA) is a web application or website that interacts with the web browser by dynamically rewriting the current web page with new data from the web server, instead of the default method of the browser loading entire new pages. The goal is faster transitions that make the website feel more like a native app.

The Speckled Band" is a classic locked room mystery

protect against polluting the global environment

can be used to avoid variable hoisting from within blocks

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe it represents the words of God revealed by the archangel Gabriel to Muhammad.[21][22][23] The Quran, however, provides minimal assistance for Muhammad's chronological biography; most Quranic verses do not provide significant historical context.[24][25] Early biographies

quality of his music

he continued to revise and refine his earlier work,

These attacks may have been psychological in origin rather than physical.

make a 4 container A-B-C-D fountain, which can be turned upside down so that the full and empty container switch places

Ready meals and convenience cooking spare the consumer effort in preparation of a meal while providing high levels of energy and pronounced, if mostly artificial, flavour.

HubSpot

"a financial threat to HubSpot, its share price, and the company’s future potential."

Almost all modern courses on Renaissance counterpoint, a mainstay of college music curricula, are indebted in some degree to this work by Fux.

The modern practice of the committee questioning nominees on their judicial views began with the nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in 1955; the nomination came shortly after the Supreme Court handed down its landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, and several southern senators attempted to block Harlan's confirmation, hence the decision to testify.[1][8]

United States presidential election

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States presidential election, 1932.

1932 United States Senate elections 1932 United States House of Representatives elections History of the United States (1918–1945) Timeline of the Great Depression Causes of the Great Depression Great Contraction First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt

solved their problems and either the protagonist or antagonist wins the conflict.

described plot as the cause-and-effect relationship between events in a story

Since HDLs are not considered to be programming languages by most hardware engineers