3,331 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. For decades, code contributions have been how open source projects learned who to trust. People would show up, do the work, take responsibility for their changes, and stick around. Over time, trust emerged from the work itself. AI tools have changed the economics of this very quickly. We use them ourselves every day, but a pull request no longer tells us as much as it used to about the person submitting it. A substantial patch used to imply substantial effort, and that effort was a reasonable proxy for good faith. That assumption no longer holds. For a browser, this matters. A browser runs untrusted input from the entire internet on the user’s machine, and one well-disguised vulnerability is all an attacker needs. We have already seen patient, well-resourced campaigns in open source to earn maintainer trust and abuse it. What has changed is how much faster and cheaper it has become to produce work that looks like a serious contribution.
    2. At the same time, every change that enters Ladybird becomes our responsibility. It has to fit the architecture, survive future refactoring, interact correctly with the rest of the browser, and be understood by the people maintaining it. Whether code was typed by hand is beside the point. What matters is who is responsible for it once it enters the browser. Ladybird is becoming a browser for real users. The people introducing changes to it must be the people who decide those changes belong in the project, and who will answer for the consequences.
    1. Cards are made in three standard sizes, the approximatemeasurements being 3 in. x 5, 4 in. x 6, and 5 in. x 8.The smallest size is sufficient for the file index, and thelargest is almost invariably used for the Ledger Cards.Whether for other purposes the middle or largest sizeis most suitable, must depend entirely on the specialruling, and the amount of information it is to contain.
    2. To purchase desks having innumerablepigeon-holes and drawers on the assumption that theywill be useful for something is both uneconomical andunwise. In the modern office every receptacle formaterial that has no definite purpose is a snare, itinvites disorder, and encourages slovenly methods.

      In the past, desks with a number of pigeon holes were used as part of one's database and organizational system. Once card indexes and filing cabinets came to the fore, these affordances of desks ultimately disappeared.

    3. As regards appliances the makers cater for the manwhose ledger accounts can be housed in a single drawer,as well as for the business whose accounts are numberedby the hundreds of thousands. Generally, ledger cardsare made 8 inches wide by 5 inches high, but to meetthe demand for a card giving more room for entries,cards are often printed eight inches high and five incheswide. These necessitate a different shaped drawer,and when used in large quantities a considerable economyin space is effected by building them into a book-keeper'sdesk, provided with a sliding top.
  2. Jun 2026
    1. While nature took billions of years to perfect molecules, we are harnessing AI to unlock trillion-dollar materials breakthroughs in months, not millennia.

      cusp.ai 的核心叙事:把亿年进化压缩成数月突破。这句话精准捕捉了 AI for science 的终极承诺——不是辅助科学家,而是替代进化时间本身。「数月而非千年」是一种时间折叠,和 AlphaFold 对蛋白质折叠的影响如出一辙,只是目标换成了材料。

    1. Are native iOS and Android apps available? Campfire is designed to work beautifully on the mobile web — either as a tab in your mobile browser, or as a PWA (Progressive Web App) which you can launch right from your mobile device’s home screen like all your other apps. And like native apps, you’ll get badges on your icon and push notifications if you’d like.
  3. May 2026
    1. Other esophagus motility disorders

      Dysphagia for liquids as well as solids tends to be intermittent and nonprogressive. DY

      Manometry is not routinely used for mild to moderate symptoms because the findings seldom influence medical management

      Barium esophagography is useful to exclude mechanical obstruction and to evaluate esophageal motility

      Upper endoscopy also is performed to exclude a mechanical obstruction (as a cause of dysphagia) and to look for evidence of erosive refl traders ux esophagitis (a common cause of chest pain) or eosinophilic esophagitis (confirmed by esophageal biopsy)

    1. It turns out our friend Tom has been scoring games with a typewriter since at least 2013!

      Keeping score at a baseball game with a typewriter is not only possible but is also a much more detailed record of the match. (ORTEGA. Full count! Fouled back three in a row ... OH, THAT BALL’S LANDIN’ WHERE THE FANS ARE STANDIN’!!! Walk. Off. Home. Run. Thanks for your attendance and drive safely.) —Tom Hanks in "I Am TOM. I Like to TYPE. Hear That?" on Aug. 3, 2013 in the New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/04/opinion/sunday/i-am-tom-i-like-to-type-hear-that.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

      cc: u/lou_spirito<br /> u/Informal-Writer-1140<br /> u/oogieball<br /> u/joe_skidiachi_irl

      Other examples of his scoring efforts: - https://www.reddit.com/r/BaseballScorecards/comments/1jn2475/yes_tom_hanks_does_schlep_a_typewriter_to_ball/ - https://www.reddit.com/r/BaseballScorecards/comments/1jm0l8k/tom_hanks_keeps_score/ - https://www.reddit.com/r/BaseballScorecards/comments/1jm4pie/tom_hanks_scorecard/

      Posted at https://reddit.com/r/BaseballScorecards/comments/1tb7fbw/tom_hanks_scoring_baseball_games_via_typewriter/

  4. Apr 2026
    1. i got a hermes 3000

      Sarah treated the internal felt of her typewriter by spraying it down with white distilled vinegar. This kills any living molds, etc. Vodka is also good for removing scents on typewriters (and vintage bags).

      The variable line spacer is inside the platen of a Hermes 3000.

      The carriage of the H3K comes off with the removal of two bolts.

      For rust removal Sarah starts with a wire brush then does PB Blaster for more.

      Replace rusted springs.

      Fingernail polish for a H3K:<br /> - Sally Hansen Insta-Dry line "Time is Money" (discontinued?) - Expressie Essie quick dry "In the Modem" (closest in her opinion) - Sinful Colors Eucalypta - Blank Beauty (color match to Hermes Ambassador) - Orly (meh, too green)

      The case doesn't remove intuitively.

    1. Instead of trying to extract the internal dynamics resulting from them,modern scholarship has largely reduced the perceived asymmetry in the functionality of culturalor political features to an ‘objective’ asymmetry in power. This tendency has been mostprominently pronounced in postcolonial scholarship in the wake of Edward Said’s workOrientalism (1978).

      I am a little bit unsure about this? How does work Edward Said fit into this asymmetry? In my understanding, criticizing a western imagination of the orient should challenge an euro-centric worldview? Is it problematic because such criticisms are situated in binaries (such as the east and the west), and overlooks multidimensional dynamics during the intercations?

    2. This might be done in different ways, such as enhancing one’s own sports fitness, but ifthe entities involved are cultures or social bodies such as nations, this perception will result inasymmetrical exchanges with the counterpart, where one entity draws more and/or moreimportant features from the other than vice versa.

      I found the descriptions/explanations of asymmetry so far a bit confusing...Is it an asymmetry in power? Or it could be understood as difference in a given aspect measured by a hierarchical system? This also reminds me of how Axel Michaels explained that hybridity could simultaneously describe the oppressing and the oppressed, between which an asymmetry exists. (p.4)

    3. It is only by using a methodological transculturality as a default mode or heuristicconcept, i.e. by looking at the formative and transformative processes resulting in any givencultural manifestation, that we discover such cultural entanglements as a result of processes ofnegotiation,

      Is methodological transculturality a means or discovering hidden transculturality?

    4. . Enlightenment brought a religio naturalis, a ‘religion’ of reason, whichunderlies all religions and which endures all historical religions. Enlightenment also promotedthe idea of the universality of cultures and a Universalgeschichte of cultures (cf. Häfner 1994).Only through this ‘discovery’ of a unity in cultural diversity could disciplines such as culturalstudies emerge.

      I found this particularly interesting since when in junior and senior high school, we learned about the Enlightenment as something extremely positive and great in unprecedented ways?

    5. It is based on defining(and reifying) cultures – and disciplines – in accordance with the nation model of the nineteenthcentury.

      Though this might seem to be an obvious question, I've been wondering what are the motivations/contexts of imagining cultures/nations within clearly defined borders in the first place. Is it because, as stated here, that such enclosed model used to be popular in history? Or is it a reaction to threat perceived upon realizing new differences?

    6. These reductions make forcultural memory (Assmann and Hölscher 1988; A. Assmann 1993; J. Assmann 1997), out ofwhich history as a joint point of reference emerges.

      I'm interested in what the term "cultural memory" describes! What are some examples? Are aforementioned institutions such as marriage, family, death, god examples? Or it describes something more specific? How is cultural memory formed?

    1. Cephalosporins or extended-spectrum penicillins are commonly used (eg, cephalexin, 0.5 g orally four times daily for 7–10 days; see Table 35–6). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (two double-strength tablets orally twice daily for 7–10 days) should be considered when there is concern that the pathogen is MRSA (see Tables 35–5 and 35–6). Vancomycin, 15 mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours, is used for patients with signs of a systemic inflammatory response.

      cephalexin, dicloxacillin, penicillin VK, amoxicillin/clavulanate, or clindamycin (for penicillin-allergic patients). [1-2] These beta-lactam antibiotics provide excellent coverage against streptococci and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA

    1. Urgent treatment for neoplasm consists of (1) cautious use of intravenous diuretics and (2) mediastinal irradiation, starting within 24 hours, with a treatment plan designed to give a high daily dose of radiation but a short total course of therapy to rapidly shrink the local tumor. Intensive radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy will palliate the process in up to 90% of patients. In patients with a subacute presentation, radiation therapy alone usually suffices. Chemotherapy is added if lymphoma or small-cell carcinoma is diagnosed

      endovascular stenting emerging as first-line therapy for rapid symptom relief, while definitive treatment targets the underlying cause

      Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone 4 mg every 6 hours) are commonly prescribed but lack robust supporting data; they may be more beneficial in lymphoma or thymoma and as prophylaxis against radiation-induced edema. [2-4] Importantly, SVC syndrome is no longer considered a medical emergency except in rare cases with life-threatening cerebral edema, laryngeal edema, or altered mental status. When thrombosis is present, catheter-directed thrombolysis or aspiration thrombectomy should be performed within 2-5 days of symptom onset before thrombus organization occurs. [3] The role of long-term anticoagulation after stenting remains unclear, though it is standard when significant thrombosis is present The American College of Chest Physicians recommends obtaining histologic diagnosis before treatment in suspected lung cancer cases, as stenting does not interfere with tissue diagnosis. [2] For small cell lung cancer (SCLC), chemotherapy alone is recommended as first-line treatment given rapid response rates. [2] For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), radiation therapy and/or stent insertion are recommended, with response rates of 59% for chemotherapy and 63% for radiation therapy. [2] Patients with chemotherapy- or radiation-refractory disease should receive vascular stents For device-related thrombosis (catheters, pacemakers), catheter removal should be considered in conjunction with anticoagulation. [4] Endovascular therapy is first-line for device-related obstruction, while surgical bypass may be preferred for mediastinal fibrosis. [7] Both approaches show good mid-term patency, though secondary interventions are common (approximately 27-28%

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    1. Treatment of superficial vein reflux (see Varicose Veins, above) has been shown to decrease the recurrence rate of venous ulcers. Where there is substantial obstruction of the femoral or popliteal deep venous system, superficial varicosities supply the venous return and should not be removed.

      Failure of venous insufficiency ulcerations to heal is most often due to inconsistent use of first-line treatment methods. Ongoing control of edema is essential to prevent recurrent ulceration; the use of compression stockings following ulcer healing is critical, with recurrence rates 2–20 times higher if compression stockings are not used

      Duplex ultrasound evaluation should assess blood flow direction, venous reflux, and venous obstruction, and include examination of the deep venous system, great saphenous vein (GSV), small saphenous vein (SSV) and its thigh extension (Giacomini vein), accessory saphenous veins, and perforating veins. Venography is recommended primarily in patients with post-thrombotic disease, especially when intervention is planned, as it provides greater anatomic detail than duplex ultrasonograph The examination also identifies patterns of disease that have treatment implications. Axial reflux is defined as uninterrupted retrograde flow from groin to calf and can occur in either superficial or deep systems. [4] Junctional reflux is limited to the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction, while segmental reflux occurs in a portion of a truncal vein. [4] Understanding whether reflux originates from superficial junctions versus deep venous incompetence fundamentally changes treatment planning, as superficial disease is amenable to ablation while deep disease typically requires conservative management Management of secondary varicose veins from post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is fundamentally different and more challenging. Compression therapy, lifestyle modifications, and symptom management form the cornerstone of PTS treatment. [4-8] Elastic compression stockings (20-30 mm Hg), leg elevation, weight loss, and exercise constitute the primary therapeutic approach Endovascular interventions for PTS—including percutaneous transluminal venoplasty and stenting—are reserved for select patients with significant iliofemoral obstruction who have failed conservative management. [7] These procedures require careful patient selection and standardized criteria. The role of superficial venous ablation in PTS patients with concomitant superficial reflux remains controversial and should be approached cautiously, as the underlying deep venous pathology may limit benefit

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  5. Mar 2026
    1. Venoactive drugs (diosmin, hesperidin, horse chestnut seed extract) may be considered as adjuncts to compression for symptomatic relief in countries where available

    2. Endovenous ablation is contraindicated or relatively unsuitable when venous anatomy precludes catheter-based treatment, specifically: aneurysmal dilation of the GSV close to the saphenofemoral junction, subcutaneous location of truncal veins above the saphenous fascia and close to the skin, and significant tortuosity of the GSV or SSV. [1] In these scenarios, high ligation and stripping is recommended as the preferred alternative (grade 1 strong recommendation

    3. Endovenous Thermal Ablation (RFA/EVLA)

      Relative contraindications include inappropriate vein size, with veins <2 mm and >15 mm representing potential contraindications for RFA specifically. [1] A history of superficial thrombophlebitis resulting in a partially obstructed saphenous vein may preclude thermal ablation. [1] Significant tortuosity of the GSV on duplex examination can make catheter delivery difficult.

    4. Endovenous ablation is the preferred treatment for symptomatic varicose veins with axial reflux, offering less postprocedure pain, reduced morbidity, and earlier return to activity

      Endovenous thermal ablation (radiofrequency ablation [RFA] and endovenous laser ablation [EVLA]) has largely replaced surgery as the standard of care

      Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) represents a less invasive option but has higher recurrence rates

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    1. Aortic dissection typically presents acutely with sudden, severe tearing chest or back pain, often described as lancinating in quality. [5-6] Approximately 50% of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm may progress to dissection without timely intervention. [5] In contrast, thoracic aortic aneurysm is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during physical examination or imaging for other indications. [5]

    2. Absolute size thresholds for degenerative aneurysms: [1][3][5]

      Ascending aorta/aortic root: ≥5.5 cm

      Descending thoracic aorta: ≥6.0 cm (or 5.5 cm if favorable anatomy for TEVAR)

      Thoracoabdominal aorta: ≥6.0 cm

      Lower thresholds apply for: [3]

      Marfan syndrome or genetic conditions: 4.0-5.0 cm depending on condition

      Bicuspid aortic valve: 5.0-5.5 cm

      Rapid growth: >0.5 cm/year

      Concomitant cardiac surgery: >4.5 cm if undergoing aortic valve surgery

      Immediate surgical evaluation: [5]

      Any symptomatic aneurysm regardless of size (chest/back pain, dysphagia, hoarseness, hemoptysis)

      Acute complications (dissection, rupture, malperfusion)

      Post-Repair Surveillance

      After TEVAR: CT at 1 month, 12 months, then annually if stable. [1]

      After open repair: CT or MRI within 1 year, then every 5 years if no residual aortopathy. Annual imaging if residual disease or abnormal findings.

    3. Earlier intervention is reasonable when high-risk features are present, including rapid growth (≥0.5 cm/year), symptomatic aneurysm, saccular morphology, or penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers

    4. Any patient with chest or back pain with a known or suspected thoracic aorta aneurysm must be brought to the hospital and undergo urgent imaging studies to rule out the aneurysm as a cause of the pain

      elective surgical repair is suggested at 5.5 cm in patients without underlying connective tissue disorders, with earlier intervention at 4.5-5.0 cm in patients with connective tissue disorders or bicuspid aortic valve

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    1. In working out our true function, Aristotle looks to that feature that separatesman from other living animals. According to Aristotle, what separates mankindfrom the rest of the world is our ability not only to reason but to act onreasons. Thus, just as the function of a chair can be derived from its uniquelydifferentiating characteristic, so the function of a human being is related to ouruniquely differentiating characteristic and we achieve the good when we actin accordance with this true function or telos

      purpose

    1. Choosing a Typewriter for Writers<br /> by [[Joe Van Cleave]]

      Manual typewriters for writers with a focus on machines made without needing to tinker/repair them.

      Joe primarily focuses on typewriters he actually has in his personal collection more than other potential great machines. Having been collecting for his particular purpose for a long time, he's got a pretty tight set of good recommendations.

      He's also got some good advice here about how to go about finding a machine and using professional typewriter shops to do so.

      Electric typebar typewriters with more tolerance for poor technique.

      IBM Selectrics, maintenance intensive, need carbon replacement film.

      Printwheel/Daisy Wheel typewriters. Brother, Nakajima, Swintec (components made by Nakajima),

      Ultra portable typewriters

      • Royal / Silver Seiko typewriter - no tabs
      • Olympia Splendid 33, 66, 99 - no tabs the 33 is monochrome

      Portables

      • Smith-Corona 5 Series
      • Olympia SM series: SM1 - SM9
      • Hermes 3000 series (overpriced on the used market)

      Standards

      Big and don't come with a case; will last nearly forever<br /> - Underwood 5<br /> - Royal standards, especially those that came after the 10

      Typebar Electrics

      • Olympia Reporter (Nakajima in Japan); designed in 80s for journalists
      • Royal Saturn (Silver-Seiko) one of the quietest out there; uses 9/16" ribbon; bichrome with tabs,
      • Smith-Corona Electric - first portable electric to hit the market.
      • IBM Selectric (71; manual correction)

      Daisywheel typewriters

      • Brother
      • RaRo has new Daisy wheels
      • delay between keypress and print
    1. insects have advanced numerous fields by serving as model organisms for scientific studies.

      More information on why they are beneficial for us. Could maybe use this for more background information, or just information to help convince an audience.

    1. It has a name now, and it's called Cognitive debt. And today I'm going to show you what it is, and why it's more dangerous than technical debt, and the tree practices that prevent it. A Margaret Ann's story, a computer science professor at the University of Victoria, introduced this concept in early 2026. She's me studying developer productivity for over two decades. When she named Cognitive debt, it spread through the engineering community in days.

      Origin of the "Cognitive Debt" phrase

    1. so i was wondering about antinet ZK, and i want to ask. can you use it for etertainment?

      reply to u/_ItsDin_at https://reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1rp1jny/zettelkasten_for_etertainment/

      How are you defining "use it for entertainment"? <br /> - Having a zettelkasten for tracking knowledge/information in the entertainment business? (Yes, this is possible, I use it for this regularly.)<br /> - Using it for tracking the television, movies, and other past times and hobbies? (Yes, definitely a thing. I have tranches of cards for all these things.)<br /> - Using it as a daily diversion to entertain yourself in general? (Yes, loads of us find the system interesting and entertaining on a regular basis. I suspect that if we didn't we would give it up entirely.)<br /> - Perhaps you had some other definition of entertainment, I didn't cover?

    1. Sarah Anne Bendall

      Sarah A. Bendall FRHistS is a senior lecturer at the Gender and Women's History Research Centre in the Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences. She is a material culture historian whose research examines the roles of women in the production, trade and consumption of global commodities and fashionable consumer goods between 1500-1800. She has particular expertise in seventeenth-century dress and recreative methodologies, such as historical dress reconstruction.

      Sarah was awarded her PhD from the University of Sydney. During her doctoral research she was a visiting research student at Kings College London. Prior to joining ACU, she held positions at the University of Western Australia, the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne. She has been awarded fellowships from The Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford, the Folger Shakespeare Library and the Powerhouse Museum. She was also co-investigator on the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council's Making Historical Dress Network grant (2023-5).

  6. Feb 2026
    1. reply to u/Yiqu at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1r08q2i/buying_a_first_typewriter_for_writing/

      The first three articles you'll find under https://boffosocko.com/research/typewriter-collection/#Typewriter%20Market will give you a quick crash course about what to consider and look out for in your search.

      If you want to get to work, your best bet (and honestly the best value) is to get something from a repair shop that is serviced and ready to go. In the US this means a budget range typically from US$300-$600, or perhaps slightly more if they've recovered the platen which will improve your experience. Prices dramatically in excess of this often include a lot more custom work or less common typefaces which don't necessarily improve your performance (or are people selling typewriters who have less of an idea than you do about typewriters.)

      Many hobbyists here may say to get something cheap that "works", but the amount of time and knowledge you have to scaffold to do that is worth a lot of writing time, and often still requires a lot of cleaning, restoration, and potential tinkering which is even more onerous when you just want to get to writing.

      In case you haven't found them, some great resources on leveraging typewriters as distraction-free writing devices:

      And if you need some serious distraction free advice, since it's hiding as deep knowledge amongst a handful of serious collectors/writers, the bigger your (standard) machine, the more visual space it takes up as you're writing and subtly helps your concentration. Similarly placing it in front of a wall (and not a window) helps a lot too.

  7. Jan 2026
    1. The king of Kish even sometimes enforced order inSumer. For example, Enannatum’s son, Enmetena, wrote that theborder between Lagash and Umma had been determined by thegreat god Enlil himself and had been confirmed by the king of Kish:“Mesalim, king of Kish, at the command of (the god) Ishtaran,measured the field and set up a (boundary-) stone there.” Theauthority of the king of Kish was therefore acknowledged, at leasttemporarily, by both the king of Umma and the king of Lagash.

      There is an interesting example of the mnemonic use of stone here in ancient Sumer. It serves as a boundary/border marker by its physical presence, but apart from any (other local) mnemonic uses, it also carries an inscription as a secondary form of long term written memory.

      Link to: https://hypothes.is/a/rpPeOl4IEeyqH1-fAP0WQw

    1. for - Yann Lecun - paper - Yann Lecun - AI - LLMs are dead - language is optional for reasoning - to paper - VL-JEPA: Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture for Vision-language - https://hyp.is/eSxi8OxGEfCF7QMFiWL9Fg/arxiv.org/abs/2512.10942

      Comment - That language and reasoning are separate is obvious. - If we look at the diversity of life and its ability to operationalize goal seeking behavior, that already tells you that - Michael Levin's research on goal-seeking behavior of organisms and the framework of multi-scale competency architecture validates Lecun's insight - Orders of magnitude fewer efficiency of Lecun's team's prototype compared to LLM also validates this

    1. It was my discovery of wiki technology some time in 2002 that ended this undirected search and constituted the other fundamental change in the way I dealt with information. What I liked about it from the beginning was that it allows of easily linking bits of information and favors the braking down of large chunks of information into smaller bits. This emphasis on the granularity of information reminded me not only of the old index card method, but it also convinced me almost immediately that it was a significant improvement over the paper-based system. I adopted this technology and I have never looked back.

      Movement from index cards to wikis in early 2002 by Manfred Kuehn.

    2. In other words, this is just a testimony in which I offer some personal reflections on the role ConnectedText plays in my own research, backed up by some reflections on the way this is related to the way in which I and many other scholars have used card indexes and journals during the precious century for keeping or making notes.

      Some observations on digital note taking with an app from someone who'd previously spent time using card indexes.

    1. Put ideas on index cards – one to a card – and then arrange them in differ-ent structures. Again, you can do this in a series of passes, using a differentcriterion each time; this will help you to identify core concepts, structuresand outliers.

      It's almost as if they're suggesting putting ideas onto index cards after-the-fact rather than from the start as older manuals would have suggested. This would seem to add a huge amount of work to the process.

    2. Mind-mapping and conceptual mapping are other useful structuring tools,whether on a whiteboard or using software. Sorting good old-fashioned indexcards (or Post-its) on the wall, table, or floor in different configurations is alsohelpful. There is usually more than one possible structure; the right one is theone that serves your question and thinking.

      Of course no mention of how the material gets onto the "good old-fashioned" index cards.

  8. Dec 2025
    1. for - Yuval Noah Harari - youtube - Big Think - Yuval Noah Harari - Why advanced societies fall for mass delusion

      • SRG comment - mass delusion -
      • A good talk that looks at the dangers posed by AI:
        • it can be considered a legal person and autonomously derail institutions and the legal system
        • it can amplify the harmful control of dictators and authoritarian leaders
        • information is not truth. Truth is a rare form of information and overloading information systems with fictions is a way for totalitarian leaders to gain mass following
    1. In 1979 and 1980, two political leaders came into power who would turn this economic revolution into a political one. Margaret Thatcher in [music] the UK and Ronald Reagan in the US.

      for - economic history - Volcker Shock - 2 political allies - Thatcher (1979) and Reagan (1980) came to power - cast taxes, social programs and regulation as the bogeyman

      • SRG comment - Reagan and Thatcher policies - advocating for inequality - against the sacred
    1. We conclude that our species must alter longstanding patterns of cultural evolution to avoid environmental disaster and escalating between-group competition.

      for - cultural evolution - futures - directional change<br /> - our species must alter longstanding patterns of cultural evolution to avoid - environmental disaster and - escalating between-group competition

      • SRG comment - validation for cultural change from traditional patterns that brought us to the anthropocene
    1. Because one human lifetime may encompass a million bacterial generations, individual species and the microbiome itself can evolve within a single host.

      for - quote - one human lifetime - evolution of a million generations of bacteria - Because one human lifetime may encompass a million bacterial generations, individual species and the microbiome itself can evolve within a single host.

      • SRG comment
      • wow! One human lifetime might encompass a million generations of bacteria!
      • meme- our gut is an evolutionary lab for bacteria!
    1. And why does this happen? How do we have such a huge shift in human social relations? One of the big reasons is status competition

      for - reason for - social shift - from egalitarianism - to power hierarchy - status competition - SRG comment - Goliath's Curse - status competition - Deep Humanity antidote

    2. we need to educate general practitioners, not just specialists, right? We need to to look at the anthroposine geoysiology and say, okay, we need some GPS for anthroposine geoysiology.

      for - metaphor - medical - anthropocene - beyond experts, we need GPs for Anthropocene geophysiology - SRG comment - Is SRG GP for anthropocene?

    3. one of the things that I find really interesting that's not talked about very much is the impacts of nitrogen fixing and the production of artificial fertilizers which contributed to the number one issue which is human population growth

      for - progress trap - nitrogen for fertilizers - anthropocene research - releases lots of methane - climate crisis - leverage point - replacing nitrogen fertilizers

    4. there's still so many people outside who just don't know or it's so abstract to them this big dimension. I'm and in the I'm working in a museum

      for - climate communications - difficulty of communicating anthropocene - SRG comment - climate crisis as hyperobject - apply Deep Humanity for impactful climate education

    1. Reply to u/banksclaud at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1pf09vb/please_help_surprise_my_son/

      Etsy can often have people flipping machines without having any work done, so be careful on what price you're paying for what you're getting. If it's over $350, it ought to fully serviced and have some sort of guarantee. Otherwise, find something at your local repair shop: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html

      This question is asked so often, I've written up some good general advice which should apply to your child: https://boffosocko.com/2025/03/29/first-time-typewriter-purchases-with-specific-recommendations-for-writers/ For the age and your desire not to be bulky, go for a portable machine and not a larger standard or the more finnicky ultra-portables.

      Some might opt for the brighter colored typewriters for kids for the "fun" factor, but I've found, having done a few type-ins with a huge variety of machines, that it's often the adults that are drawn to the colorful machines (which tend to be less well-built and plastic-y/cheaper) while kids will respond well to the older, duller vintage machines.

      Here's a few 1950's advertisements directed at parents of kids just for fun: <br /> - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTrkDa-GuSI<br /> - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOIRul7pXDY

  9. Nov 2025
    1. Intertwined with its concern over ethnicity and religion, the Orange Order presented an ideal of nationalism that differed from the conceptions being presented by other competing forces in Canada. While other Canadian thinkers of the early-twentieth century began to conceive of the Canadian nation as part of a North American tradition, along with the United States, or as a “northern nation” that, through the crucible of Arctic winters, broke with both the United States and Europe, the Orange Order celebrated Canada’s past and highlighted the accomplishments of the British in North America. As the Order saw it, the devotion of the Loyalists and the rise of an Anglophone hegemony in North America were foundational to Canada’s existence, and both owed their authority to British identity. Indeed, as Scott See points out with regard to the Orange Order’s Loyalism of the nineteenth century, The Orange Order served as a form of connective tissue to link the Old World with the New. It was a complex blend of full-throated dedication to the Empire and unswerving support for Britain’s imperial endeavors, as well as an indigenous pronouncement of colonial identity in North America that applauded the British connection, yet strove to articulate a distinct identity of Britishness. (See Citation2014, 182)

      "Intertwined with its concern over ethnicity and religion, the Orange Order presented an ideal of nationalism that differed from the conceptions being presented by other competing forces in Canada. While other Canadian thinkers of the early-twentieth century began to conceive of the Canadian nation as part of a North American tradition, along with the United States, or as a “northern nation” that, through the crucible of Arctic winters, broke with both the United States and Europe, the Orange Order celebrated Canada’s past and highlighted the accomplishments of the British in North America. As the Order saw it, the devotion of the Loyalists and the rise of an Anglophone hegemony in North America were foundational to Canada’s existence, and both owed their authority to British identity. Indeed, as Scott See points out with regard to the Orange Order’s Loyalism of the nineteenth century,

      The Orange Order served as a form of connective tissue to link the Old World with the New. It was a complex blend of full-throated dedication to the Empire and unswerving support for Britain’s imperial endeavors, as well as an indigenous pronouncement of colonial identity in North America that applauded the British connection, yet strove to articulate a distinct identity of Britishness. (See Citation2014, 182)"

      SPECIFIC BRITISH IDENTITY -> EMPHASIZES THIS AS OPPOSED TO NORTH AMERICAN IDENTITY CURRENTS LIKE AMERICANISM

      Flag is connection between Canadians and the British Empire. Again, empty identity though. " “the Flag of our Empire, upon which the sun never sets is the outward and visible emblem of our loyalty to the great British Commonwealth, of which Canada is an integral part” (“Forms” Citation1937). This strain of thought resembled the ideas of imperialists like Stephen Leacock, who before World War I had advocated for greater Canadian participation in British imperial ventures as a means of sharing in the military victories won overseas and the spread of Anglo-Saxon civilization."

    1. As a form, fanfictions make intertextuality visible because they rely on readers' ability to see relationships between the fan-writer's stories and the original media sources.

      What many people who brush fan fiction off as irrelevant tend to ignore is the vast understanding of a pre-existing setting needed to contextualize the writings made, as well as the effort and organization required to properly build off of such settings.

    2. What they were less likely to say explicitly, but what seemed clear to us, was that fanfiction writing also helped to develop and solidify relationships with various friends, online or otherwise.

      Writing, for many, tends to be most rewarding when you can share it with someone. To show others your ability to express thoughts, emotions, and ideas through your use of language is helpful in gaining confidence and experience, and this is even more true when you receive direct criticism as well.

    1. when that base looks for solutions, they can't find a bunch of glib corporatists in fancy suits with flashy smiles. They have to see authentic hardcrable defenders of the working class and hear ideas that speak to them, not at them.

      for - MAGA base - when the old economy dies, they will be looking for defenders of the working class - adjacency - corporation to cooperation - MAGA base

    1. Award-Winning Writer Explains Her Entire Process — Susan Orlean - YouTube<br /> by [[David Perell]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-05T09:13:24


      0:00:38 Susan Orlean uses index cards as part of her process. She's done this for three or four books by October 29, 2025.

      She uses her index cards (often in the range of 700) to arrange and re-arrange the material. She uses it to refresh her memory as she's working with it.

      Things can be as small as a name of a character. Some are references to longer research documents.

      "chunk of thought" (her version of atomic notes)

      attention economy [7:59]

  10. Oct 2025
    1. Jean Piaget Society

      The Jean Piaget Society: Society for the Study of Knowledge and Development is an international, interdisciplinary organization dedicated to exploring the developmental construction of human knowledge. Established in 1970, it draws inspiration from the work of Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980), who pioneered theories on cognitive development, genetic epistemology, and the active role of children in constructing knowledge. piaget.org for membership, conference details, and resources.

    1. reply to u/warriorkitten18 at https://reddit.com/r/adhdwomen/comments/1mqzm12/index_card_system_please_discuss/

      Apologies for the delay in reply. I've read extensively about card indexes for productivity and the variety of systems and uses over the past couple of centuries.

      Given your context, I'd recommend reading one book which describes an index card system in full, walks you through it card by card, helps you make it, and describes how it's used. It's thorough, but fully adaptable to your particular needs. Best, it's written by two women in the early 1980s and though there wasn't much in the culture about ADHD at the time, I suspect that one or both of these women were coping with nearby neurodivergent issues (not to mention the eternal brain fog forced by pregnancy, lack of sleep, and early childhood woes.)

      Young, Pam, and Peggy Jones. 1981. Sidetracked Home Executives: From Pigpen to Paradise. ed. Sydney Craft Rozen. New York: Warner Books. http://archive.org/details/sidetrackedhomee00youn (November 3, 2023).

      If you need other perspectives, there are also areas with potential solutions like the Bullet Journal (notebooks), Getting Things Done (GTD), Hipster PDA, and a variety of others. Almost all of these were built on the ideas behind the early 1900s version of the Memindex, which I've written about here: https://boffosocko.com/2023/03/09/the-memindex-method-an-early-precursor-of-the-memex-hipster-pda-43-folders-gtd-basb-and-bullet-journal-systems/. They're all roughly the same in shape, practice, and philosophy, but the Young/Jones SHE version uses index cards, speaks directly to your use case, and suggests an approach for the ADHD set. Assuredly a nearby library can get you a copy, you can find them used, or read the linked online version which you can check out.

      If you'd like to see portions of my personal system, I've written a bit about it along with lots of other resources at https://boffosocko.com/research/zettelkasten-commonplace-books-and-note-taking-collection/#Productivity

      It's worked well for me for many years. The secret is to read the basics and then adapt the pieces of the system to suit your own needs and methods of working. For example, I love crossing things off of lists, which my index cards didn't really encourage because you do them and move them to the next day/week/month/year forward, but I bought a rotating date stamp that allows me to stamp each card with the date as "done" before re-filing it. For me, the haptic feedback of the "thonk" of the stamp is even better than crossing things off and gives me a sense of accomplishment when I see them and finish filling an entire card up with dates.

      A decade on, the best part of my collection are the separate index cards I had laying around while using the rest of the system and on which I wrote down quotes from my daughter, new words as she learned them, words she made up, goofy jokes, etc.

      Enough for now, the card for the dog groomer came up yesterday, so I'm off to take our dog to the appointment I made when I saw it. Thonk! Refiled for next month's reminder.

      Good luck.

    1. How about using ascratch pad slightly smaller than thepage-size of the book—so that theedges of the sheets won't protrude?Make your index, outlines, and evenyour notes on the pad, and then insertthese sheets permanently inside thefront and back covers of the book.

      This practice is not too dissimilar to that used by zettelkasten practitioners (including Niklas Luhmann) who broadly used his bibliographic cards this way.

      By separating his index and ideas from the book and putting them into a physical index, it makes them easier to juxtapose with other ideas over time rather than having them anchored directly to the book itself. For academics and researchers, this will tend to help save time from having to constantly retrieve these portions from individual books.

    2. I use the end-pa-pers at the back of the book to makea personal index of the author's pointsin the order of their appearance

      The making of a personal index is a first step in building a mesh of knowledge. In just a few years, Vannevar Bush will speak of "associative trails" a phrase he uses twice in "As We May Think" (The Atlantic, July 1945), but of potentially more import is his phrase "associative indexing" which lays way to either juxtaposing or linking two ideas (either similar or disjoint) together. It bears asking the question of of whether it's more valuable to index and juxtapose similar ideas or disjoint ideas which may more frequently lead to better, more useful, and more relevant and rich future ideas.

      It affords an immediate step, however, to associative indexing, the basic idea of which is a provision whereby any item may be caused at will to select immediately and automatically another. This is the essential feature of the memex. The process of tying two items together is the important thing. Bush, Vannevar. 1945. “As We May Think.” The Atlantic 176: 101–8. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/ (October 22, 2022). #

    1. for - paper - title - Memory, Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness: A Perspective Based on the Memory Theory of Consciousness - author - Andrew E. Budson, Ken A Paller - adjacency - memories - sleep - dreams - Memory Theory of Consciousness - MToC

      summary - The authors present a theory of dreaming and sleep that I resonate with, that sleep is a time in which the brain performs unconscious processing of memories, consolidating them by taking advantage of consciousnesss down time to perform massive parallel processing to connect memories together. - dreams are seen as a small conscious byproduct of the massive parallel processing task, and their meaning may have value depending on how we interpret them.

    1. Introduction: AI is now recently everywhere but we still need humans

  11. Sep 2025
    1. Developers can ramp up more quickly on new APIs, providing quicker feedback to the platform while the APIs are still the most malleable. Mistakes in APIs can be corrected quickly by the developers who use them, and library authors who serve them, providing high-fidelity, critical feedback to browser vendors and platform designers.
    1. Knowing how discourse communities work will not only help you as you navigate the writing assigned in different general education courses and the specialized writing of your chosen major, but it will also help you in your life after college.

      this is a great model for approaching new environments -- it allows for one to focus explicitly on identifying the discourse community and integrating ourselves into that discourse community to make the transition more smooth.

      This would especially be most valuable for those that are neurodivergent, especially Autism and ADHD, etc.

    2. Because questions vary significantly from discipline to discipline and from field to field, it is important that you assess your questions according to the discourse community you are writing within.

      This is good advice -- not just for individual courses that we take from different Discourse Communities, but as we define our majors and focuses, it is important to join the discourse so that we can stay abreast of the latest information, discussions and practical solutions within it.

    1. Confessions of an Office Supply Junky - Episode 5: The Hipster PDA - YouTube<br /> by [[Joe Van Cleave]] video circa 2016<br /> accessed on 2025-09-15T12:38:20

      Joe Van Cleave had a pencil box with index cards and a pen with which he used to keep a "Random Access Journaling System, using index cards and topical filing by subject" (dated March 2004). He was using 4 x 6" index cards.

      He had a 3 x 5" hipster PDA based on Merlin Mann's idea that had thin metal covers with index cards and a book ring to hold it all together. He used colored cards to create section dividers in his hipster PDA.

      He mentions the overlap of the hipster PDA with David Allen's Getting Things Done (GTD) movement.

      JVC started using a hipster PDA in February 2007

      He archived them in chronological order.

      Grass roots use of the hipster PDA nudged larger stationers like Oxford to make vertical lined index cards specifically for hipster PDAs.

      JVC also shows a storyboard done on index cards with two book rings as binding.

      Renaissance Art has a 3x5" index card holder made out of leather as a wallet.

      JVC was also using a bulldog clip to hold together his index cards.

    1. * get attached = encariñarse. * Each and every one = todos y cada uno. * 📌 complemento proposicional "to" = Indica dirección o acción como reacción del sujeto de la oración hacia el objeto de esta. Usualmente se usa para complementar a algunos verbos intransitivos ya que estos carecen de OD y por consecuencia de OI eso es porque estos verbos no indican una modificación ni beneficio al objeto de la oración. Solo indican un cambio de estado del sujeto en reacción a objeto.

    1. But if Cox and Trump represent two rival impulses within the Republican coalition, Trump is undoubtedly winning. “Democrats own what happened today,” Representative Nancy Mace of South Carolina said on Wednesday. “Y’all caused this,” Representative Anna Paulina Luna of Florida told Democrats on the House floor. “It’s time for the Trump administration to shut down, defund, & prosecute every single Leftist organization,” the influential Trump adviser Laura Loomer posted on X. “We must shut these lunatic leftists down. Once and for all. The Left is a national security threat.”Other influential figures on the right have been equally or more strident. “The Left is the party of murder,” Elon Musk declared on X before a suspect had even been identified. Andrew Tate, the misogynist who has been charged with sex trafficking in two countries (which he denies); Alex Jones, the conspiracy-theorist broadcaster; and Libs of TikTok influencer Chaya Raichik all invoked “civil war.”

      people calling for retribution without any facts

    1. No one's going to care. And does that mean that I'm I'm worthless? I'm pointless. I'm I'm meaningless. No,

      for - adjacency - existential isolation - footprints in the sand - noone will care for us a thousand years from now - Milarepa - alone vs loneliness - Donald Hoffman - I've often thought about this on walks in nature - plants sit next to each other, - some just sprouting, - others in full, vibrant maturity, - some withering, - and others dead and decayed - life and death are juxtapositioned - A blade of grass may live and die without the rest of the world knowing anything about it - When a tree falls in the forest, does anybody hear? - To live a life embodying the sacred, it doesn't matter if no-one knows anything about you - and yet, in contrast, biology and psychology tells us e are social beings, INTERbeings by nature - How do we reconcile these opposites? - Milarepa - the yogi living in solitude mountain retreat - in a yogic song I wrote, there's a difference between being alone and loneliness - How do we flip the loneliness of existential isolation of being human - to the fullness of the boundless wisdomin the aloneness of one particular headset in this lifetime?

      New meme - the fullness of being alone - the Fullness of Emptiness

    2. Almost all of us think of ourselves as an object in spaceime only here for a short amount of time and will soon die

      for - quote - Almost all of us think of ourselves as an object in spacetime only here for a short amount of time and will soon die - Donald Hoffman When I say you transcend any scientific

      • Almost all of us think of ourselves as
        • an object in spacetime only here for a short amount of time and will soon die.
      • When I say you transcend any scientific theory,
        • that means the theory that I am just a 160lb object in spacetime is just a theory and it's not the truth.
      • That's not the truth about who I am.
      • That's just a theory that I have because spacetime itself is just a theory.
      • Nothing inside spacetime is anything but my headset interpretation of a reality that infinitely transcends anything I can experience.
    1. This paper’s authors argue that using GWP to assess the relative planetary warming  caused by various different sectors is therefore a deeply flawed metric. They propose that a better measure for policymakers to adopt would be something  called Effective Radiative Forcing, or ERF.

      for - youtube - Just have a think - new paper - new metric for measuring emissions - ERF - to - paper - Increased transparency in accounting conventions could benefit climate policy - https://hyp.is/CUcbhF2TEfCn1ieAeq73JA/iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adb7f2 - climate crisis - carbon emissions - agriculture has the highest of all - AgroSphere Technologies - cite this paper

  12. Aug 2025
    1. Где ва́ши

      I want to make this so a user can open this in Google slides and be prompted to make a copy they can work from. I feel like I saw this before. Is it possible?

  13. Jul 2025
    1. Before I started working on a computer, writing a piece would be like making something up every day, taking the material and never quite knowing where you were going to go next with the material. With a computer it was less like painting and more like sculpture, where you start with a block of something and then start shaping it. . . . You get one paragraph partly right, and then you’ll go back and work on the other part. It’s a different thing.

      https://www.millersbookreview.com/p/writerly-life-joan-didion

      apparently quoted from Joan Didion: The Last Interview

    1. for - Jeffrey Epstein - evidience for Bipartisan coverup - 2007-2025

      summary - Reporter nick Bryant has been investigating the Epstein case for many years and he shares evidence that strongly suggests a bipartisan coverup at the highest level - This would imply that political / business leaders at the highest level, both democrat and republican and international elites as well engaged in illegal sex with minors and children - He contextualizes the Epstein case in the historical concept of Komrpomat, as written in his previous book The Franklin Scandal

    2. David Boy is one of the architects of the victim compensation program and he's a very he's a dirty

      for - David Boie - lawyer for Epstein victims - Epstein compensation program - lawyer David Boy - victims must sign NDA not to disclose any other perpetrators - to - Business Insider - News Inside the messy effort to compensate 225 Jeffrey Epstein accusers - https://hyp.is/qCXM_mMMEfC1a_NlKIJWAg/www.businessinsider.com/inside-jeffrey-epstein-victims-compensation-program-fund-2022-1

  14. Jun 2025