Ramadan.
marshall matters.
Ramadan.
marshall matters.
Maghrib (eveni
... and I am.
competitive intelligence is more than analyzing competitors; it embraces the entire environment and stakeholders: customers, competitors, distributors, technologies, and macroeconomic data. It is also a tool for decision making.
a tool for decision making
Competitive intelligence (CI) is the systematic collection and analysis of information from multiple sources, and a coordinated CI program. [1] It is the action of defining, gathering, analyzing, and distributing intelligence about products, customers, competitors, and any aspect of the environment needed to support executives and managers in strategic decision making for an organization.
Magic Quadrant
the criteria for the Magic Quadrant cater more towards investors and large vendors than towards buyers
investors vendors rather than buyers
f sweet light crude oil f
is this where the L of CL comes from in the ticker for CME traded oil commodity futures or is it the l in "oil barrel" ?
jesting to the oki mtlcsm for a more carbony liquid fuel at room temperature and standard cabin pressure.
I was brought here from the discussion:
'Into The Wild' bus removed from Alaska wilderness - Hacker News »Link«
The Root (magazine) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I used this Wikipedia page to check the legitamacy of website cited by the Twitter post "The FBI said it has stopped using the "Black Identity Extremist" tag and acknowledged that white supremacist violence is the biggest terrorist threat this country faces."
The conclusion was that it a real website called "The Root."
and was widowed b
eee
... we can make all of humanity successful through science's world-engulfing industrial evolution provided that we are not so foolish as to continue to exhaust in a split second of astronomical history the orderly energy savings of billions of years' energy conservation aboard our Spaceship Earth. These energy savings have been put into our Spaceship's life-regeneration-guaranteeing bank account for use only in self-starter functions.
Buckminster Fuller
https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/g779bo/revising_risk_communications/frupixf/
The United Kingdom Terror Threat Levels, often referred to as UK Threat Levels, are the alert states that have been in use since 1 August 2006 by the British government to warn of forms of terrorist activity. Before then a colour-based alert scheme known as BIKINI state was used.[1] The response indicates how government departments and agencies and their staffs should react to each threat level.
UK Threat Levels
Moral censorship is the removal of materials that are obscene or otherwise considered morally questionable. Pornography, for example, is often censored under this rationale, especially child pornography, which is illegal and censored in most jurisdictions in the world.[17][18]
Is a large majority of censorship under this rationale? Why? Who mainly does it?
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.[1] It is one of several views of epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism.
Empiricism emphasizes the role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions.
This page is about xxx
Family structure and marriage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India#Family_structure_and_marriage
Religious Culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India#Religious_culture
Many states have enacted (or are in various stages of enacting/considering) their own intrastate crowdfunding exemption laws. As of July 2016, thirty-one (31) states[23] have intrastate crowdfunding exemptions in place and seven (7) states[24] are in various stages of enacting/considering sponsored legislation regarding such intrastate crowdfunding. To date only one (1) state[25] has reviewed, and rejected, an intrastate crowdfunding exemption. Based on available information to date, the remaining states do not appear to be investigating the possibility of enacting an intrastate crowdfunding exemption. Anthony J. Zeoli, an Illinois attorney who drafted the intrastate crowdfunding exemption bill approved in Illinois, maintains an active database of all active and proposed intrastate crowdfunding exemption laws, as well as comparitave summaries of each.
Current status
The word meme is a shortening (modeled on gene) of mimeme (from Ancient Greek μίμημα pronounced [míːmɛːma] mīmēma, "imitated thing", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, "to imitate", from μῖμος mimos, "mime")[15] coined by British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene (1976)[11][16] as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.
etymology
A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices, that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme.
unit of apperceptive communication
league championship
mid page annotation
compete
now I can...
championships (against
annotate
Alfred Mitchell-Innes, writing in 1914, argued that money exists not as a medium of exchange but as a standard of deferred payment, with government money being debt the government may reclaim through taxation.
Modern Monetary Theory
uniform graph partitioning or a balanced graph partition problem can be shown to be NP-complete
uniform graph partitioning
Rice's theorem states that all non-trivial, semantic properties of programs are undecidable
Rice's theorem
front-cover texts
mid page
create a world
annotation made on dash
Wikipedia:About
annotation made on wikipedia
Sidewiki allowed users to interact with a website in ways that the site owner could not control, which upset some website owners. Jeff Jarvis complained that Sidewiki "takes comments away from my blog and puts them on Google. That sets up Google in channel conflict vs me. It robs my site of much of its value",
Testing
"Man is the measure of all things."
man measure all things
In systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors. They are contrasted with functional requirements that define specific behavior or functions
This is a strange term because one might read "non-functional" and interpret in the sense of the word that means "does not function", when instead the intended sense is "not related to function". Seems like a somewhat unfortunate name for this concept. A less ambiguous term could have been picked instead, but I don't know what that would be.
Two years after the project was started, in 2003, a IBM study found that "vandalism is usually repaired extremely quickly—so quickly that most users will never see its effects" and concluded that Wikipedia had "surprisingly effective self-healing capabilities".[5][6] The inclusion of false or fabricated content has, at times, lasted for years on Wikipedia due to its voluntaristic editorial oversight.
I think some kind of link to the changes in the information would help. Not quite a debate forum but just a way of the public being able to see who changed what at which point before they view the information.
MQTT
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol -> publish-subscribe network protocol that transports messages between devices, usually through TCP/IP
Protocol defines 2 network entities:
When used by academics, an arbitrage is a transaction that involves no negative cash flow at any probabilistic or temporal state and a positive cash flow in at least one state; in simple terms, it is the possibility of a risk-free profit after transaction costs. For example, an arbitrage opportunity is present when there is the possibility to instantaneously buy something for a low price and sell it for a higher price.
Randomly reading about this -- reminded me of you :)
long term and interactive matching process between external technologies and internal requirements
matching technologies to requirements
In his influential book The Great Good Place, Ray Oldenburg (1989, 1991) argues that third places are important for civil society, democracy, civic engagement, and establishing feelings of a sense of place.
In community building, the third place is the social surroundings separate from the two usual social environments of home ("first place") and the workplace ("second place")
El Paquete Semanal, by Michaelanne Dye, et. a
https://michaelannedye.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/dye_el-paquete_chi_2018.pdf
South Korea and the U.S. In 2007
Hello! This is cool
Many features have been introduced continuously to Object Pascal with extensions to Delphi and extensions to FreePascal. In reaction to criticism, Free Pascal has adopted generics with the same syntax as Delphi, provided Delphi compatibility mode is selected, and both Delphi (partial) and Free Pascal (more extensive) support operator overloading. Delphi has also introduced many other features since version 7,[6] including generics. Whereas FreePascal tries to be compatible to Delphi in Delphi compatibility mode, it also usually introduced many new features to the language that are not always available in Delphi.
Since onion services can receive incoming connections even if they are behind a router doing network address translation (NAT), TorChat does not need any port forwarding to work.
Between 2008 and 2010 weren't any updated packages, resulting in the bundled version of Tor becoming obsolete and unable to connect to the Tor network,[2] which was the reason for the appearance of forks that basically just replaced the bundled Tor.exe with a current one.
"Off-the-Record Communication, or, Why Not To Use PGP"
In 2013, the Signal Protocol was introduced, which is based on OTR Messaging and the Silent Circle Instant Messaging Protocol (SCIMP). It brought about support for asynchronous communication ("offline messages") as its major new feature, as well as better resilience with distorted order of messages and simpler support for conversations with multiple participants.[11] OMEMO, introduced in an Android XMPP client called Conversations in 2015, integrates the Double Ratchet Algorithm used in Signal into the instant messaging protocol XMPP ("Jabber") and also enables encryption of file transfers. In the autumn of 2015 it was submitted to the XMPP Standards Foundation for standardisation.
In cryptography, deniable authentication refers to message authentication between a set of participants where the participants themselves can be confident in the authenticity of the messages, but it cannot be proved to a third party after the event.
the OTR protocol also reveals used MAC keys as part of the next message, after they have already been used to authenticate previously received messages, and will not be re-used
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has notable safe-harbor provisions which protect Internet service providers from the consequences of their users' actions. (Similarly, the EU directive on electronic commerce provides a similar provision of "mere conduit" which, while not exactly the same, serves much the same function as the DMCA safe harbor in this instance.)
Without error correction enzymes, the maximum size of a replicating molecule is about 100 base pairs. For a replicating molecule to encode error correction enzymes, it must be substantially larger than 100 bases.
Eigen's Paradox Error threshold
What if the driving force is Completion instead of Competition
The possibility of Self-replication, bootstrapping is inherent in the formation of symbol bearing structures,
Advocates contrast missional living with the concept of a select group of "professional" missionaries, emphasizing that all Christians should be involved in the Great Commission of Jesus Christ.
dog
are the best uwu
Machine Learning Scientist: Machine learning scientists research new methods of data analysis and create algorithms.[32] Data Analyst: Data analysts utilize large data sets to gather information that meets their company’s needs.[32] Data Consultant: Data consultants work with businesses to determine the best usage of the information yielded from data analysis.[31] Data Architect: Data architects build data solutions that are optimized for performance and design applications.[32] Applications Architect: Applications architects track how applications are used throughout a business and how they interact with users and other applications.[32]
There is also the specialization of Artificial Intelligence Engineer. Artificial Intelligence Engineers are software engineers that specialize in designing models, algorithms, and use other techniques which requires using data science to build the AI algorithms and systems.
hrase regular expressions, also called regexes, is often used to mean the specific, standard textual syntax for representing patterns for matching text, as distinct from the mathematical notation described below. Each character in a regular expression (that is, each characte
asd
is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
corporatist
From Google: relating to or characterized by advocacy for the control of a state or organization by large interest groups
American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron,[nb 1] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.
test
The earliest known written mention of the philosophers' stone is in the Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis (c. 300 AD).[2] Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam, who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly from God. This knowledge was said to be passed down through biblical patriarchs, giving them their longevity. The legend of the stone was also compared to the biblical history of the Temple of Solomon and the rejected cornerstone described in Psalm 118.[3] The theoretical roots outlining the stone’s creation can be traced to Greek philosophy. Alchemists later used the classical elements, the concept of anima mundi, and Creation stories presented in texts like Plato's Timaeus as analogies for their process.[4] According to Plato, the four elements are derived from a common source or prima materia (first matter), associated with chaos. Prima materia is also the name alchemists assign to the starting ingredient for the creation of the philosophers' stone. The importance of this philosophical first matter persisted throughout the history of alchemy. In the seventeenth century, Thomas Vaughan writes, "the first matter of the stone is the very same with the first matter of all things"
Syncretism across NeoPlatonic (anima mundi), Platonic (Timaeus, classical elements), and Judeo-Christian (Adam) elements
how religion is taught is more important than what is taught
this is true of more than just religion
It means that the nature of a medium (the channel through which a message is transmitted) is more important than the meaning or content of the message.
so meta
known as siddhi or abhijñā, were ascribed to the Buddha and subsequent disciples
crossover between western/eastern spiritualism
Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model in which the cloud provider runs the server
It still has a server. I dislike the name "serverless" because it is inaccurate.
more developers are becoming DevOps skilled and distinctions between being a software developer or hardware engineer are blurring
Related concepts in other fields are: In natural language, the coordinating conjunction "and". In programming languages, the short-circuit and control structure. In set theory, intersection. In predicate logic, universal quantification.
Strictly speaking, are these examples of dualities (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality_(mathematics))? Or can I only, at strongest, say they are analogous (a looser coonection)?
For instance, cor does not distribute over cand: compare (A cand B) cor C with (A cor C) cand (B cor C); in the case ¬A ∧ C , the second expression requires B to be defined, the first one does not
Because the conditional connectives thus complicate the formal reasoning about programs, they are better avoided.
This technique may allow a developer to delay offering full support and responsibility for remaining issues.
presentation was nearly always considered separately, rather than being embedded in the markup itself
semantic markup was of key importance
This concept is variously referred to in markup circles as the rule of separation of presentation and content, separation of content and style, or of separation of semantics and presentation.
First proposed as a somewhat less unwieldy catchall phrase to describe the delicate art of "separating document structure and contents from semantics, presentation, and behavior"
In progressive enhancement (PE) the strategy is deliberately reversed: a basic markup document is created, geared towards the lowest common denominator of browser software functionality, and then the designer adds in functionality or enhancements to the presentation and behavior of the page, using modern technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), or JavaScript.
graceful degradation
2015[50] 2016[51] 2017[52]
Something wrong - none of these sources are for Thailand - word doesn't occur in the pages
They are just a duplicate of the sources for Taiwan
Visually presented language can be transformed into phonological code by silent articulation and thereby be encoded into the phonological store.
Articulatory loop
John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Greek: Ίωάννης Βʹ Κομνηνός, Iōannēs II Komnēnos; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as "John the Beautiful" or "John the Good" (Kaloïōannēs), he was the eldest son of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina and the second emperor to rule during the Komnenian restoration of the Byzantine Empire. John was a pious and dedicated monarch who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered following the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier.
Testing note writing.
, nutritionally, and as a source of perfume. The ancient Greeks, Romans and Phoenicians considered large public rose gardens to be as important as croplands such as orchards and wheat fields.[3]
Really interesting!
igen's Paradox[edit] Eigen's paradox is one of the most intractable puzzles in the study of the origins of life. It is thought that the error threshold concept described above limits the size of self replicating molecules to perhaps a few hundred digits, yet almost all life on earth requires much longer molecules to encode their genetic information. This problem is handled in living cells by enzymes that repair mutations, allowing the encoding molecules to reach sizes on the order of millions of base pairs. These large molecules must, of course, encode the very enzymes that repair them, and herein lies Eigen's paradox, first put forth by Manfred Eigen in his 1971 paper (Eigen 1971).[1] Simply stated, Eigen's paradox amounts to the following: Without error correction enzymes, the maximum size of a replicating molecule is about 100 base pairs. For a replicating molecule to encode error correction enzymes, it must be substantially larger than 100 bases. This is a chicken-or-egg kind of a paradox, with an even more difficult solution. Which came first, the large genome or the error correction enzymes? A number of solutions to this paradox have been proposed: Stochastic corrector model (Szathmáry & Maynard Smith, 1995). In this proposed solution, a number of primitive molecules of say, two different types, are associated with each other in some way, perhaps by a capsule or "cell wall". If their reproductive success is enhanced by having, say, equal numbers in each cell, and reproduction occurs by division in which each of various types of molecules are randomly distributed among the "children", the process of selection will promote such equal representation in the cells, even though one of the molecules may have a selective advantage over the other. Relaxed error threshold (Kun et al., 2005) - Studies of actual ribozymes indicate that the mutation rate can be substantially less than first expected - on the order of 0.001 per base pair per replication. This may allow sequence lengths of the order of 7-8 thousand base pairs, sufficient to incorporate rudimentary error correction enzymes. A simple mathematical model
I'm wondering if it would be possible to model Eigen's Paradox with Rholang.
Hewson also identifies three properties of human beings that give rise to agency: intentionality, power, and rationality.
human beings use their intellect to guide their actions and predict the consequences of their actions
They also have differing amounts of abilities and resources resulting in some having greater agency (power) than others.
Collective agency occurs when people act together, such as a social movement
cooperation between two subjects with a mutual feeling of control is what James M. Dow, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Hendrix College, defines as "joint agency."
Although working together towards a common goal tends to cause an increased feeling of agency, the inflation of control could have many unforeseen consequences.
Individual agency is when a person acts on his/her own behalf
describes three types of agency: individual, proxy, and collective
the conception of agency as the capacity of human beings to shape the circumstances in which they live
the choices humans make are dictated by forces beyond their control
As it is possible to deduce another's intentions, the assumption of agency allows one to extrapolate from those intentions what actions someone else is likely to perform.
Thinkers have only just begun to empirically explore the many factors that cause a person to feel as though they are in control
One's agency is one's independent capability or ability to act on one's will
key word: ability to act on
capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices
involve a combination of Local backup for fast backup and restore, along with Off-site backup for protection against local disasters
Recent backups are retained locally, to speed data recovery operations.
Knowledge work can be differentiated from other forms of work by its emphasis on "non-routine" problem solving that requires a combination of convergent and divergent thinking.[2] But despite the amount of research and literature on knowledge work, there is no succinct definition of the term.
workers, whose line of work requires one to "think for a living"
The Journal was a primitive hypertext-based groupware program, which can be seen as a predecessor (if not the direct ancestor) of all contemporary server software that supports collaborative document creation (like wikis). It was used by ARC members to discuss, debate, and refine concepts in the same way that wikis are being used today.
All of the features of NLS were in support of Engelbart's goal of augmenting collective knowledge work and therefore focused on making the user more powerful, not simply on making the system easier to use.
preceded by an index, ☞like this
Had never seen this meaning of "index" before.
The typical use of the pointing hand is as a bullet-like symbol to direct the reader's attention to important text, having roughly the same meaning as the word "attention" or "note".
Wikipedia does not consider itself to be a reliable source. Many academics distrust Wikipedia[23] but may see it as a valuable jumping off point for research, with many of the reliable sources used in its articles generally seen as legitimate sources for more in-depth information and use in assigned papers
Wikipedia can be a starting point when someone is conducting research. So one will start and be guided by wikipedia and then move on to other sources.
Between 2008 and 2012, Wikipedia articles on medical and scientific fields such as pathology,[7] toxicology,[8] oncology,[9] pharmaceuticals,[10][11] and psychiatry[12] were compared to professional and peer-reviewed sources and it was found that Wikipedia's depth and coverage were of a high standard.
There is evidence that wikipedia articles are of high standard.
The reliability of Wikipedia (predominantly of the English-language edition) has frequently been questioned and often assessed. The reliability has been tested statistically, through comparative review, analysis of the historical patterns, and strengths and weaknesses inherent in the editing process unique to Wikipedia.[1] Incidents of conflicted editing, and the use of Wikipedia for 'revenge editing' (inserting false, defamatory or biased statements into biographies) have attracted publicity.[2][3]
The reliability of Wikipedia can in fact be seen as questionable as ant 'edits' can be made to the document/ any information displayed on the web page,
reliability has been tested
This is a confirmation of the creditability for sources extracted from Wikipedia
János Surányi (1976–1980)
Surányi
Artificial intelligence
Your phone learning about you, or suggest podcasts;
NLP
Software engineering
You write a piece of software; or a piece of well-used software
Data structures and algorithms
Google search engine
security and cryptography
banking
Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an Engl
Hey Bill!
In the early American republic, the founding generation consciously chose to associate the nation with the ancient democracies of Greece and the republican values of Rome.
What a great sentence. Thanks to Trump, all federal buildings may ultimately be neoclassical (this is a good thing).
In February 2011, the BBC received several complaints about jokes made in an episode of QI about Margaret Thatcher. Regular panellist Jo Brand commented that Lady Thatcher sounded like "a device for removing pubic hair". Later, panellist Phill Jupitus shouted "Burn the witch!" when a digitally altered picture of Thatcher, showcasing the Thatcher effect optical illusion, was shown on-screen. Several Conservative politicians condemned the remarks; and Lord Tebbit complained that "Lady Thatcher has been treated like this by the BBC for the past 30 years". A spokesperson for the BBC said that the episode was filmed in June 2010 and had no relation to current events.[86]
[n/a]
Meanwhile, a worm makes its way to the young king's brain, while in the north, Crown Prince Chang and Seo-bi track down a mysterious merchant woman who was selling the resurrection plant to find out the culprit behind the zombie invasions.
Oh fuck, why Crown Prince Chang is not become a king ? but a brat ?
a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree generalizes the binary search tree, allowing for nodes with more than two children.
key word:
Ashley Too is activated by a news report. She learns of her real self's coma,
the doll is real AI that aware itself is a doll of another "real" self.
Catherine discovers that Ashley has not been taking medication intended to counter her darker moods.
tự kỉ ?
Jack hides Ashley Too and tells Rachel that she threw it away
why ?
I don't remember how I got to this guy but I like him.
Got here via @codexeditor, who mentioned him as at odds with Wittgenstein.
Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.
NOT in Africa
In 1970 Michener et al. defined "systematic biology" and "taxonomy" (terms that are often confused and used interchangeably) in relationship to one another as follows:
Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is an 1851 novel by American writer Herman Melville. The book is the sailor Ishmael's narrative of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the whaling ship Pequod, for revenge on Moby Dick, the giant white sperm whale that on the ship's previous voyage bit off Ahab's leg at the knee. A contribution to the literature of the American Renaissance, the work's genre classifications range from late Romantic to early Symbolist. Moby-Dick was published to mixed reviews, was a commercial failure, and was out of print at the time of the author's death in 1891. Its reputation as a "Great American Novel" was established only in the 20th century, after the centennial of its author's birth. William Faulkner said he wished he had written the book himself,[1] and D. H. Lawrence called it "one of the strangest and most wonderful books in the world" and "the greatest book of the sea ever written".[2] Its opening sentence, "Call me Ishmael", is among world literature's most famous.
This is a great fish story. I want some tartar sauce.
However, since problems are only addressed when they arise, maintenance is reactive rather than proactive. Small problems left unaddressed can balloon into major failures due to focus on cost.
Unscrupulous providers are incentivized to use inefficient or malicious means to increase break/fix work and thus increase their revenue.
The equivalent practice in the consumer market is that of out-of-warranty appliances, where the customer can pay for repairs as needed (break/fix) or they can buy an extended warranty (managed services).
"linked data" can and should be a very general term referring to any structured data that is interlinked/interconnected.
It looks like most of this article describes it in that general sense, but sometimes it talks about URIs and such as if they are a necessary attribute of linked data, when that would only apply to Web-connected linked data. What about, for example, linked data that links to each other through some other convention such as just a "type" and "ID"? Maybe that shouldn't be considered linked data if it is too locally scoped? But that topic and distinction should be explored/discussed further...
I love its application to web technologies, but I wish there were a distinct term for that application ("linked web data"?) so it could be clearer from reading the word whether you meant general case or not. May not be a problem in practice. We shall see.
Granted/hopefully most use of linked data is in the context of the Web, so that the links are universal / globally scoped, etc.
The goal of the W3C Semantic Web Education and Outreach group's Linking Open Data community project is to extend the Web with a data commons by publishing various open datasets as RDF on the Web and by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources.
The above diagram shows which Linking Open Data datasets are connected, as of August 2014.
Copyleft licenses are institutions which support a knowledge commons of executable software.
The main difference between a decoupled CMS and a headless CMS is that the decoupled architecture is active—it prepares content for presentation and then pushes into the delivery environment—whereas a headless CMS is reactive—it sits idly until a request is sent for content.
Most traditional (monolithic) CMS systems are “coupled”, meaning that the content management application (CMA) and the content delivery application (CDA) come together in a single application, making back-end user tools, content editing and taxonomy, website design, and templates inseparable. Coupled systems are useful for blogs and basic websites as everything can be managed in one place. But this means that the CMS code is tightly connected to any custom code and templates, which means developers have to spend more time on installations, customizations, upgrades, hotfixes, etc. and they cannot easily move their code to another CMS.
There is some confusion around what makes a headless CMS truly “headless”, as vendors use the term somewhat loosely to label their decoupled or hybrid CMS systems. But a true headless CMS is one that was built from the ground up to be API-first, not a full monolith CMS with APIs attached afterwards.
For convenience, conventions have been developed about the precedence of the logical operators, to avoid the need to write parentheses in some cases. These rules are similar to the order of operations in arithmetic. A common convention is:
The Microsoft Calculator program uses the former in its standard view and the latter in its scientific and programmer views.
An expression like 1/2x is interpreted as 1/(2x) by TI-82, as well as many modern Casio calculators,[16] but as (1/2)x by TI-83 and every other TI calculator released since 1996,[17] as well as by all Hewlett-Packard calculators with algebraic notation. While the first interpretation may be expected by some users due to the nature of implied multiplication, the latter is more in line with the standard rule that multiplication and division are of equal precedence,[18][19] where 1/2x is read one divided by two and the answer multiplied by x.
In natural languages, some apparent tautologies may have non-tautological meanings in practice. In English, "it is what it is" is used to mean 'there is no way of changing it'.[1] In Tamil, vantaalum varuvaan literally means 'if he comes, he will come', but really means 'he just may come'.[2]
In the context of first-order logic, a distinction is maintained between logical validities, sentences that are true in every model, and tautologies, which are a proper subset of the first-order logical validities. In the context of propositional logic, these two terms coincide.
A distinction is made between the kind of logic (first-order logic) where this other distinction exists and propositional logic, where the distinction doesn't exist (the two terms coincide in that context).
In the context of first-order logic, a distinction is maintained between logical validities, sentences that are true in every model, and tautologies, which are a proper subset of the first-order logical validities.
P ⇒ Q
It may be confusing for a newcomer (or on first read-through) that the variable/predicate/condition that represents the "necessary condition" in this statement P ⇒ Q is the Q.
One might be forgiven for incorrectly assuming that the P represents the necessary condition. That is because most of the time when one states a statement/relation/implication/etc. about a subject, the sentence/statement begins with the subject. For example, if we're explaining about a "less than" relationship, and we give x < y as an example, one would correctly assume that x is the subject here and x is the thing that is less than.
So it may be a bit surprising to a newcomer (on first read-through) that the subject of this section — the necessary condition — is represented by the Q and not be the P.
(Made even more confusing by the fact that the very same implication P ⇒ Q is also used to express the opposite sufficiency relationship in the very next section. I would argue that Q ⇒ P should have been used instead in exactly one of these sections to make it clearer that the subject is different and/or the relation is different, depending how you look at it.)
Is there any reason we couldn't rewrite this to express the logical relation between P and Q with the subject first? If we let P be the subject (that is, "necessary condition" that we're illustrating/explaining), could we not rewrite this as P ⇐ Q?
In fact, that is exactly how this relation was expressed below, in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency#Simultaneous_necessity_and_sufficiency !:
that P is necessary for Q, P ⇐ Q, and that P is sufficient for Q, P ⇒ Q
The logical relation is, as before, expressed as "if P, then Q" or "P ⇒ Q"
It is confusing on first read-through that the exact same logical relation between P and Q is stated for both necessity and sufficiency. Since they are dual of each other, it seems like, in order to allow the same P and Q to be used in both examples (in other words, in order to allow their variable scope to be the entire article instead of just the "Necessity" and "Sufficiency" section's local scope), that P and Q should be reversed in this section.
In algebra, for some set S together with an operation ⋆ {\displaystyle \star } to form a group, it is necessary that ⋆ {\displaystyle \star } be associative.
Seems like a simpler example (of individually necessary and jointly sufficient) that is easier to follow could be found.
It may be the case that several sufficient conditions, when taken together, constitute a single necessary condition (i.e., individually sufficient and jointly necessary)
Mathematically speaking, necessity and sufficiency are dual to one another. For any statements S and N, the assertion that "N is necessary for S" is equivalent to the assertion that "S is sufficient for N".
that a number x {\displaystyle x} is rational (S) is sufficient but not necessary to x {\displaystyle x} being a real number (N) (since there are real numbers that are not rational)
being a male is a necessary condition for being a brother, but it is not sufficient—while being a male sibling is a necessary and sufficient condition for being a brother
in order for human beings to live, it is necessary that they have air
This is an abstract form of De Morgan's laws, or of duality applied to lattices.
A plane graph is said to be self-dual if it is isomorphic to its dual graph.
In mathematical contexts, duality has numerous meanings[1] although it is "a very pervasive and important concept in (modern) mathematics"[2] and "an important general theme that has manifestations in almost every area of mathematics".[3]
While there are no legal precedents to spell out specifically what the actual terms mean, it can be interpreted from the testimony of people like Professor Mark Lemley from Stanford University, in front of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary that the individual terms are defined as follows
Drawing from anti-trust/competition law; fair terms means terms which are not anti-competitive and that would not be considered unlawful if imposed by a dominant firm in their relative market.
The most controversial issue in RAND licensing is whether the "reasonable" license price should include the value contributed by the standard-setting organization's decision to adopt the standard. A technology is often more valuable after it has been widely adopted than when it is one alternative among many; there is a good argument that a license price that captures that additional value is not "reasonable" because it does not reflect the intrinsic value of the technology being licensed. On the other hand, the adoption of the standard may signal that the adopted technology is valuable, and the patent holder should be rewarded accordingly. That is particularly relevant when the value of the patent is not clearly known before the adoption of the standard.
RAND terms exclude intangible goods which the producer may decide to distribute at no cost and where third parties may make further copies. Take for example a software package that is distributed at no cost and to which the developer wants to add support for a video format which requires a patent licence. If there is a licence which requires a tiny per-copy fee, the software project will not be able to avail of the licence. The licence may be called "(F)RAND", but the modalities discriminate against a whole category of intangible goods such as free software[11] and freeware.[12]
Excluding costless distribution schemes
The Free Software Foundation suggests the term "uniform fee only" (UFO) to reflect that such "(F)RAND" licenses are inherently discriminatory.
A standard-setting organization is an industry group that sets common standards for its particular industry to ensure compatibility and interoperability of devices manufactured by different companies.
generic-sounding term may be interpreted as something more specific than intended: I want to be able to use "data interchange" in the most general sense. But if people interpret it to mean this specific standard/protocol/whatever, I may be misunderstood.
The definition given here
is the concept of businesses electronically communicating information that was traditionally communicated on paper, such as purchase orders and invoices.
limits it to things that were previously communicated on paper. But what about things for which paper was never used, like the interchange of consent and consent receipts for GDPR/privacy law compliance, etc.?
The term should be allowed to be used just as well for newer technologies/processes that had no previous roots in paper technologies.
When applied to metadata or general data about identification, the process is also known as data anonymization.