Bartoli lives with her husband, the Swiss baritone Oliver Widmer, on the Goldküste shore of Lake Zurich, Switzerland, and in Rome, part of the year. The couple married in 2011 after 12 years together.[11] Bartoli lived in Monaco in the early 2010s.[12]
Switch the order of this paragraph. This should somewhat follow chronological order and begin with her years in Monaco. Then move to her marriage and currently dwelling.
featuring cities such as Villa de Leyva, Monguí,
Villa de Leyva and Monguí are not cities but rather small towns
In 2007, Wikipedia introduced three templates to reduce the proliferation of templates at the top of article talk pages: {{WikiProjectBannerShell}}, {{WikiProjectBanners}}, and {{ArticleHistory}}. If you come across a talk page where you can't see the table of contents until you scroll down, adding one of these templates might help. If one or more of these templates are already in place, consider putting {{skiptotoctalk}} at the very top of the page, before any other templates. This template provides a quick link for other editors to bypass the templates.
Yes, Downey is Iron Man, but he really is Actor Man ... In the realm where box office is irrelevant and talent is king, the realm that actually means something, he has always ruled, and finally this summer he gets to have his cake and let us eat him up all the way to the multiplex, where his mastery is in full effect.
Downey has become blockbuster biggest hit with the release of Iron Man. After all the struggle he faced with his drug issue and knew what he had to do in order to be successful in his career. He turned his whole life around and became the man we all know today which is a super hero by the name of Iron Man. Well respected man around the world. Downey has become one of blockbuster most talented people, which they crown him as talent king. Master of his craft.
when he knew he would likely be facing another stint in prison or another form of incarceration such as court-ordered rehab, "I said, 'You know what? I don't think I can continue doing this.' And I reached out for help, and I ran with it. You can reach out for help in kind of a half-assed way and you'll get it and you won't take advantage of it. It's not that difficult to overcome these seemingly ghastly problems ... what's hard is to decide to do it.
As Downey quoted " what's hard is to decide to do it."a lot of people suffer with addiction and they always wonder, when is it the right time to stop and will it actually help me out or will it be a waste of time. A lot of people are afraid to move forward ask for help. What mostly holding them back is the judgement of other people. reach out for help and make a difference in your life.
Downey was arrested for possession of heroin, cocaine, and an unloaded .357 Magnum handgun while he was speeding down Sunset Boulevard. A month later, while on parole, he trespassed into a neighbor's home while under the influence of a controlled substance, and fell asleep in one of the beds
The type of problems that drugs can bring into your life. how it affects you and your lifestyle. where it could take you which it could either be prison or death. How drugs can affect your mindset and start making you do things that you never pictured of doing
explaining in 1999 to a judge: "It's like I have a shotgun in my mouth, and I've got my finger on the trigger, and I like the taste of the gun metal."
As Downey explains to the judge how it feels to take drugs. As he quoted "I like the taste of the gun metal" and from my perspective view to me is that once you start and it finally gets into your body. A trigger is being pulled and it releases all the chemical into your body and you get that high feeling that you been craving which gets you addicted cause it feels really good. That makes you wanna keep taking it over and over again.
Downey was "surrounded by drugs." His father, a drug addict, allowed Downey to use marijuana at age six, an incident which his father later said he regretted.[17] Downey later stated that drug use became an emotional bond between him and his father
As we are born no one really decides the type of lifestyle we are going to live and the type of issue that are going to come with it. As we grow and learn the first person we are ever to be taught is by are parents. The example they give us on what good and whats wrong. If there gonna lead us to the right path or the wrong path. The decision is all up to the parents leading by example.
Notes
These should be under references, not notes
the Japanese
Reword to ‘to Japan’ or another phrase like “Japanese creators” or “Japanese musician”
This was partially owed to new technologies that became available
Reword?
musician
Perhaps reword to “performer” if that is the intent.
electronic and digital
Should this match the article title? Also this seems redundant to me (perhaps I’m just ignorant on this topic)
has been the musical instrument industry standard interface since the 1980s through to the present day.[5] It dates back to June 1981, when Roland Corporation founder Ikutaro Kakehashi proposed the concept of standardization between different manufacturers' instruments as well as computers, to Oberheim Electronics founder Tom Oberheim and Sequential Circuits president Dave Smith. In October 1981, Kakehashi, Oberheim and Smith discussed the concept with representatives from Yamaha, Korg and Kawai.[21] In 1983, the MIDI standard was unveiled by Kakehashi and Smith.[22][23]
Possibly combine with history?
released
Showcased
synthesized
Change to "synthesize"
compositions for synthesizer.
Mention RCA synth and Milton Babbit
A new breed of synthesizers appeared, mainly in America.
Re-phrase: "In America, a new breed of synthesizers appeared."
was
delete word
invention of the miniaturized transistor in 1947
Citation needed
on
delte word
electronic
delete this word
ome universally accepted varieties of MIDI software applications include music instruction software, MIDI sequencing software, music notation software, hard disk recording/editing software, patch editor/sound library software, computer-assisted composition software, and virtual instruments. Current developments in computer hardware and specialized software continue to expand MIDI applications.
Expand to talk about Open Sound Control
he album demonstrated that besides creating strange sounds, the synthesizer could be used to make beautiful music.
Rewrite to remove intensifiers.
arly pioneers included Luigi Russolo, Halim El-Dabh,[4] Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Henry, Edgard Varèse, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Ikutaro Kakehashi,[5] and King Tubby.[6] Music technology has been and is being used in many modernist and contemporary experimental music situations to create new sound possibilities.
Expand section to include Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Boulez. Talk about IRCAM. Talk about Voders, Vocoders. Talk about analogue instruments—such as the theremin, trautonium and ond maretenot.
Professional training
Add paragraph discussing the main schools for computer music: Stanford, MIT, and UCSD.
Although in the 2010s, the term is most commonly used in reference to modern electronic devices and computer software such as digital audio workstations and Pro Tools digital sound recording software, electronic and digital musical technologies have precursors in the electric music technologies of the early 20th century, such as the electromechanical Hammond organ, which was invented in 1929.
Delete sentence. Mention analog technology
Music technology is connected to both artistic and technological creativity. Musicians and music technology experts are constantly striving to devise new forms of expression through music, and they are physically creating new devices and software to enable them to do so. Although in the 2010s, the term is most commonly used in reference to modern electronic devices and computer software such as digital audio workstations and Pro Tools digital sound recording software, electronic and digital musical technologies have precursors in the electric music technologies of the early 20th century, such as the electromechanical Hammond organ, which was invented in 1929. In the 2010s, the ontological range of music technology has greatly increased, and it may now be electronic, digital, software-based or indeed even purely conceptual.
Rewrite in the active voice.
Add the word "analogue"
Timeline
Talk about the VODER and Vocoder. Expand timeline beyond 1994.
Use in music education
Add paragraph to discuss how computer music and early RCA synthesizers started in academic institutions.Add paragraph on music notation software in schools and Computer Music and production programs at universities.
Computer and synthesizer technology joining together changed the way music is made, and is one of the fastest changing aspects of music technology today. Dr. Max Matthews, a telecommunications engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories' Acoustic and Behavioural Research Department, is responsible for some of the first digital music technology in the 50s. Dr. Matthews also pioneered a cornerstone of music technology; analog to digital conversion.
Expand this section to talk about Max/MSP/Jitter, the Disklavier, Csound, Barry Vercoe.
VibratoEdit Vibrato is a small oscillation in the pitch of a note that is usually considered expressive
I think it can be used for making more tone’s color
Xerasia,
haha, this links to the article about Fruitworm beetles, not the metal band
were arrested and imprisoned,
why? maybe it's just a morbid curiosity
Release date: 8 April 2016
so yes, it did get released!
On 18 December 2015 it was announced that Arktis would be the title of Ihsahn's sixth studio album, due in 2016.[11]
was this album ever released? If so, change the wording to "...sixth studio album, which was released __"
it
What is "it"...being anti-Christian?
Band
Should be labelled, "Ihsahn - Solo Project" or include a chart with releases that lists the collaborators.
As he explained in 1994, he considered Satanism to be hard to define, as there are different ways of Satanism, and to be more of a category the individual would have to set for themselves. He considered most other adolescents to be "soulless" people, too involved in materialistic things
Needs citation
Personal life
This section could be extended.
He is the brother-in-law of Einar Solberg, the lead vocalist of the band Leprous, Kenneth Solberg, former guitarist of the band Leprous, and Lord PZ, who was a part of the band Peccatum together with both Ihsahn and his wife.[12]
This sentence is awkward and needs revision.
Mentioned collaborators include Jørgen Munkeby once again[9] and Devin Townsend, who in a November 2011 interview mentioned that he was "singing a song for Ihsahn's new thing", but added that he could not elaborate any more at that point in time.
This sentence is awkward and needs revision.
guested
played on?
2011 was a busy year for Tveitan.
Opinion, and irrelevant
A video was made for the opening track, "Invocation"
Citation needed.
showcases his progressive influences as well as heavy metal, black metal and classical music
Citation needed
The move was kept top secret, was only known by a handful of people, and they only played three songs. This was to announce the reuniting of the band for a few shows around Europe and America in 2006, namely at Wacken and Inferno Festival.
Citation needed
In December 2002, Ihsahn won the "Notodden Kommunes Kulturpris",[4] a culture prize given by his home city, Notodden, which is populated to about 12,500 inhabitants. He won the prize because he is considered the best-known inhabitant of Notodden, a great musician, a music teacher, and he arranges a lot of concerts for unknown bands. The fact that his band sold more than 500,000 copies was also a reason for getting the prize. 2002 also saw Tveitan contribute guest vocals to the song "Radical Cut", off Arcturus' album The Sham Mirrors.
This paragraph is awkward and needs revision.
was recorded after the parole of Haugen
When?
leaving Tveitan to his own devices
"...to his own devices" is vague and possibly too casual of language
Emperor had a much more refined black metal sound
Opinion...needs citation.
leaving Tveitan the sole remaining member.
Is it still a band if there is only one person?
The Land of the Lost Souls
remove hyperlink
music seminar
What seminar...citation?
n style terms, his solo work and work with other artists have shown multiple musical forms from classical music to industrial metal to progressive metal and more
This sentence is awkward and needs revision.
appeared in
Not sure how "appeared in" is different from "played in"
Born in the town of Notodden, Norway, Tveitan began playing piano at seven and guitar at ten and began recording songs shortly thereafter.
This sentence is awkward and needs revision.
Biography
The biography is quite long and could be divided into smaller sections.
heavy metal, classical, ambient, and techno
Citation needed.
Abbate's dissertation, entitled The "Parisian" Tannhäuser, addressed historical and aesthetic issues related to the Parisian premiere of Richard Wagner's opera in 1861. A significant excerpt from this work was published in the Journal of the American Musicological Society in 1983. In 1990, she published a translation of Jean-Jacques Nattiez's Musicologie générale et sémiologie under the title Music and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Music.
If there is going to be a title labeld "Musicological Work" I think there should be more secondary sources provided, accounts of other people that have read her works and reviewed them. and Instead of not citing these, we dont know where the information is coming from. How do I know "Abbate's dissertation "The Parisian" Tannhauser, is accurately represented here ?
Music--Drastic or Gnostic?". The latter offers a reappraisal of the value of hermeneutic musicological scholarship, favoring meditations on music as performance ("drastic") to those on music as encoded meaning ("gnostic").[citation needed]
Here is a link to the Drastic or Gnostic article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/421160?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents This could be cited, I like this explanation provided here, but I think there would be more put in here to explain her work.
born November 20, 1956) is an American musicologist, described by the Harvard Gazette as "one of the world’s most accomplished and admired music historians".[1] She is currently Paul and Catherine Buttenwieser University Professor at Harvard University.[1] A practitioner of the field’s traditional methodologies, she challenged their limits, mobilizing literary theory and philosophy to provoke new ways of thinking about music and understanding its experience.[2][3] From her earliest essays she has questioned familiar approaches to well-known works, reaching beyond their printed scores and composer intentions, to explore the particular, physical impact of the medium upon performer and audience alike. Her research focuses primarily on the operatic repertory of the 19th century, offering creative and innovative approaches to understanding these works critically and historically. Some of her more recent work has addressed topics such as film studies and performance studies
Abbate is not just "mobilizing literary theory and philosophy in search for new ways to approach new works, but she also explores sound technology. But I do not believe this is a clear representation of Abbate's work, at least not for an introduction.
Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin, King's College, Cambridge, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.[citation needed]
Harvard provides a better collection of her career, also why not just put a citation ? https://tdm.fas.harvard.edu/people/carolyn-abbate
Abbate completed her BA at Yale University in 1977. While still an undergraduate at Yale, she reconstructed the score of Claude Debussy’s La chute de la maison Usher (The Fall of
Where can we find a citation for this, Is there a link for her reconstructed score?
The Met was founded in 1880 as an alternative to the previously established Academy of Music opera house, and debuted in 1883 in a new building on 39th and Broadway (now known as the "Old Met"). It moved to the new Lincoln Center location in 1966.
Needs a citation
Several operas are presented in new productions each season.
weird syntax
The old Met had a seating capacity of 3,625 with an additional 224 standing room places.
This sentence is off-topic. Put with info on old Met.
The average audience rate for the 3800-seat theater in 2011 was 79.2%, down from a peak of 88% in 2009.[91] Beyond performing in the opera house in New York, the Met has gradually expanded its audience over the years through technology. It has broadcast regularly on radio since 1931 and on television since 1977. In 2006, the Met began live satellite radio and internet broadcasts as well as live high-definition video transmissions presented in cinemas throughout the world. In 2011, the total HD audience reached 3 million through 1600 theaters worldwide.[91] In 2014, according to Wheeler Winston Dixon, high ticket prices are making it difficult for average people to attend performances.[92]
need additional information
The company's annual operating budget for the 2011-12 season was $325 million, of which $182 million (43%) comes from private donations.
update this information
The Philadelphia Met was designed by noted theater architect William H. McElfatrick and had a seating capacity of approximately 4,000. The theater still stands and currently functions as a church and community arts center.
citations needed
On August 7, 2019 the New York Times reported that the Metropolitan Opera and Levine both privately settled their lawsuits. Continuing with the lawsuits "could have put into the public record more details of accusations..." New York Times, August 7, 2019. Article by Michael Cooper
more information needed here
Following the investigations in March 2018, the Met stated that there was conclusive evidence for "sexually abusive and harassing conduct" by Levine.
cite
Joseph Volpe retired as general manager on August 1, 2006 and his post was given to Peter Gelb, formerly a record producer. Gelb began outlining his plans in April 2006; these included more new productions each year, ideas for shaving staging costs, and attracting new audiences without deterring existing opera-lovers. Gelb saw these issues as crucial for an organization which is dependent on private financing.
citation needed
. Volpe was the Met's third-longest serving manager until his retirement in 2006. He was the first head of the Met to advance from within the ranks of the company, having started his career there as a carpenter in 1964
citation needed
The immediate post-Bing era saw a continuing addition of African-Americans to the roster of leading artists. Kathleen Battle, who in 1977 made her Met debut as the Shepherd in Wagner's Tannhäuser, became an important star in lyric soprano roles. Bass-baritone Simon Estes began a prominent Met career with his 1982 debut as Hermann, also in Tannhäuser.
cite
Through this period the constant figure was James Levine
more explanation needed
ng modernized the administration of the company, ended[how?] an archaic[how?] ticket sales system, and brought an end to the company's Tuesday night performances in Philadelphia. He presided over an era of fine singing and glittering new productions, while guiding the company's move to a new home in Lincoln Center. While many outstanding singers debuted at the Met under Bing's guiding hand, music critics complained of a lack of great conducting during his regime, even though such eminent conductors as Fritz Stiedry, Dimitri Mitropoulos, Erich Leinsdorf, Fritz Reiner, and Karl Böhm appeared frequently in the 1950s and '60s.
cite
Under Damrosch, the company consisted of some the most celebrated singers from Europe's German-language opera houses. The new German Met found great popular and critical success in the works of Wagner and other German composers as well as in Italian and French operas sung in German. Sadly Damrosch died only months into his first season at the Met.
cite
On April 26, 1910, the Met purchased the Philadelphia Opera House from Oscar Hammerstein I. The company renamed the house the Metropolitan Opera House and performed all of their Philadelphia performances there until 1920, when the company sold the theater and resumed performing at the Academy of Music. During the Met's early years, the company annually presented a dozen or more opera performances in Philadelphia throughout the season. Over the years the number of performances was gradually reduced until the final Philadelphia season in 1961 consisted of only four operas. The final performance of that last season was on March 21, 1961, with Birgit Nilsson and Franco Corelli in Turandot. After the Tuesday night visits were ended, the Met still returned to Philadelphia on its spring tours in 1967, 1968, 1978, and 1979.
these paragraphs are a bit confusing--combine with the first paragraph in this section
The Metropolitan Opera began a long history of performing in Philadelphia during its first season, presenting its entire repertoire in the city during January and April 1884. The company's first Philadelphia performance was of Faust (with Christina Nilsson) on January 14, 1884, at the Chestnut Street Opera House. The Met continued to perform annually in Philadelphia for nearly eighty years, taking the entire company to the city on selected Tuesday nights throughout the opera season. Performances were usually held at Philadelphia's Academy of Music, with the company presenting close to 900 performances in the city by 1961 when the Met's regular visits ceased.
cite
The company performed not only in the new Manhattan opera house, but also started a long tradition of touring throughout the country. In the winter and spring of 1884 the Met presented opera in theaters in Brooklyn, Boston, Philadelphia (see below), Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Washington D.C., and Baltimore. Back in New York, the last night of the season featured a long gala performance to benefit Mr. Abbey. The special program consisted not only of various scenes from opera, but also offered Mme. Sembrich playing the violin and the piano, as well as the famed stage actors Henry Irving and Ellen Terry in a scene from Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.
cite
such as Renée Fleming and Plácido Domingo, long maintained a close association with the Met, appearing many times each season until they retired.
Neither are retired (Renee doesn't really count...)--and let's get rid of Placido
Met's young artists programs
more specific - Lindemann Young Artists Program?
Minimalism of the late 20th century.
have also done 21st century work
The 2015–16 season comprised 227 performances of 25 operas
update for this year
The Metropolitan Opera is the largest classical music organization in North America.
citation
It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year.[162]
It is estimated that 13-16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year.
It is estimated that three-quarters of the world's dog population lives in the developing world as feral, village, or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon.[49]
3/4 of all dogs are either feral or community dogs living in developing countries.
In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds,
Mixed breeds, on average, live 1.2 years longer than pure breads.
There are many household plants that are poisonous to dogs (and other mammals) including begonia, Poinsettia and aloe vera.[53]
Household plants that are poisonous to dogs. 😢
A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning),[54] grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol,[55] as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials.[56][57]
Household foods that are poisonous to dogs. 😢
nd on to
Test
Language Oriented Programming in MetaLisp Gyuri Lajos's thesis 1992 University of Leeds
Taking the idea of metalinguistic abstraction to its logical conclusion
BACK TO THE FUTURE ◀ <small>go to: thefuture.builders )</small>
They realized it would make more sense to collect information before making conclusions. This was called Grounded theory.
40 years thereafter, about 20 years back in time from today - people finally began to take the above to mind; whereas Grounded theory now is in its early stage of becoming a more used and accepted approach on scientific research and theory development
*Here's a video clip from a University lecture introducing Grounded theory to students from each and every one of all the universities within the country*
https://youtu.be/o6ZQ5ZG9RXY?t=128
the uDEv approach fundamentally differ from GT, but also share the most significant portions of the Grounded theory's base premises
basic difference between uDEv and GT ◀ learn more )
Inspired by such instrumental bands Duane Eddy and The Champs, 1958 saw the release of the first Brazilian instrumental rock song, Here's the Blue Jean Rockers by The Blue Jean Rockers
Needs grammatical adjustment. The word "as" should included before listing bands. Comma splicing also present
the result of close partnership between both and thereafter, her performance turned more rocker.
This paragraph needs to be revised to add citations and to improve grammar and comprehension. Reads as if it was translated from another language
Other artists and bands associated with the Jovem Guarda include Eduardo Araújo (and his late wife, Sylvinha Araújo), Martinha, Renato & Seus Blue Caps, Os Incríveis, Golden Boys, Os Vips, Vanusa and The Fevers.
possibly move into a list?
#52 on the year's charts.
Needs Citation
Blogger
Could use Blogger with students? Same problems as with creating a site. Have to look into this more...
Professors rightly object to its use for final papers, but see it as a valuable jumping off point for research,
The irony of an entry on the "Reliability of Wikipedia" posted on Wikipedia notwithstanding, the author(s) do make the point that I have heard directly from my professors and instructors; that Wikipedia is a good starting point and the footnotes and bibliographies can often lead to more accurate resources.
The Executive [Lincoln] is frequently compelled to affix his signature to bills of the highest importance, much of which he regards as wholly at war with the national interests.
Matrix Reasoning
This is like Raven
Although individuals with a strong need for achievement can be successful lower-level managers, they are usually weeded out before reaching top management positions.
Might be me.
Since all neurons in a single depth slice share the same parameters, the forward pass in each depth slice of the convolutional layer can be computed as a convolution of the neuron's weights with the input volume.[nb 2] Therefore, it is common to refer to the sets of weights as a filter (or a kernel), which is convolved with the input. The result of this convolution is an activation map, and the set of activation maps for each different filter are stacked together along the depth dimension to produce the output volume. Parameter sharing contributes to the translation invariance of the CNN architecture. Sometimes, the parameter sharing assumption may not make sense. This is especially the case when the input images to a CNN have some specific centered structure; for which we expect completely different features to be learned on different spatial locations. One practical example is when the inputs are faces that have been centered in the image: we might expect different eye-specific or hair-specific features to be learned in different parts of the image. In that case it is common to relax the parameter sharing scheme, and instead simply call the layer a "locally connected layer".
important terms you hear repeatedly great visuals and graphics @https://distill.pub/2018/building-blocks/
~40.1 MJ/kg. This is comparable to the theoretical specific energy of gasoline, ~46.8 MJ/kg.
cite: [Lithium-Air Batteries: An Overview] (http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/zhong2/)
some sources claiming up to 87%
It's not so much "some sources claiming" as that the newer PHS are able to achieve 87%. Good source here
RTE includes both hydraulic and equipment-related losses (pump, turbine, generator, motor and transformer). Typical PHS systems' RTE range between 65 and 80%, depending on the technical characteristics of their equipment . Naturally older stations have lower RTE, while technological breakthroughs of the last 25 years have resulted in modern systems with RTE up to 87%
a few months of many years in London and participated in Popular Concerts with Joachim and Piatti.
Should this have a citation?
Austria's highest musical honor.
She must have been quite good to get this honor!
On a worldwide scale, illiteracy disproportionately impacts women.[32] According to 2015 UIS data collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, about two-thirds (63%) of the world's illiterate adults are women. This disparity was even starker in previous decades: from 1970 to 2000, the global gender gap in literacy would decrease by roughly 50%.[33] In recent years, however, this progress has stagnated, with the remaining gender gap holding almost constant over the last two decades.[28] In general, the gender gap in literacy is not as pronounced as the regional gap; that is, differences between countries in overall literacy are often larger than gender differences within countries.[34] However, the gap between men and women would narrow from 1990 onwards, after the increase of male adult literacy rates at 80 per cent (see image)
I think literacy overall is important because of situations like these in which there are huge gaps between the genders and regions.
"Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society".
One must understand that in order to remain "literate" in any potential knowledge or skill one must continue to sharpen their knowledge or skill by researching and or applying that potential knowledge or skill into their daily life and communities.
verall literacy are often larger than gender differences within countries.[34] However, the gap between men and women would narrow from 1990 onwards, after the increase of male adult literacy rates at 80 per cent (see image).[27]
literacy can be used as a motivating factor
literacy
Literacy helps us to understand and to communicate in a more thoughtful and deeper way. In today's world, as we seem more divided, literacy opens our perspective to a broader experience and allows us to connect with ohers around us.
"The written word was all around them, in both public and private life: laws, calendars, regulations at shrines, and funeral epitaphs were engraved in stone or bronze. The Republic amassed huge archives of reports on every aspect of public life"
even in ancient times literacy was being utilized. not necessarily in the traditional sense of the word that we always think of, but literacy was found in private and public life. interesting way of thinking about literacy
to include the ability to use language, numbers, images, computers, and other basic means to understand, communicate, gain useful knowledge, solve mathematical problems and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture
The meaning of literacy has broaden because it is used so much in daily life.
The key to literacy is reading development, a progression of skills which begins with the ability to understand spoken words and decode written words, and which culminates in the deep understanding of text.
This can happen across a variety of different platforms. Being literate includes an understand of technology.
an important role in literacy development, gains in childhood literacy often occur in primary school settings. Continuing the global expansion of public education is thus a frequent focus of literacy advocates.
Literacy seems to be strongly embedded in the education of an individual. Education being a way of achieving growth in reading and writing ability, speech, and listening skills.
eaching people to read and write, in a traditional sense of the meaning (literacy) is a very complex task in a native language. To do this in a second language becomes increasingly more complex, and in the case of migrants relocating to another country there can be legal and policy driven boundaries that prohibit the naturalization and acquisition of citizen ship based on language proficiency.
Literacy to me is being able to clearly communicate with the social, cultural, and political activities in society and feel a part of the community and group.
While women and girls comprise the majority of the global illiterate population, in many developed countries a literacy gender gap exists in the opposite direction.
This is so important to think about while teaching. If you have a student that is natively from a country that may not educate women as much as men, you will have to face the issue of bringing that student up to par with some of your other students.
Until recently it was thought that the majority of people were illiterate in ancient times.[19] However, recent work challenges this perception.[20][21] Anthony DiRenzo asserts that Roman society was "a civilization based on the book and the register", and "no one, either free or slave, could afford to be illiterate".
This is interesting, giving a new perspective that literacy is more dynamic, exemplified by the Roman society that requires its citizen to be literate
Literacy to me is not just the ability of learning to read but also the importance of how to properly analyze and understand a piece of text.
"Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society".[7]
I believe literacy is the ability to understand, speak, communicate, etc. but also the continuous learning and practicing. It is important to be literate in almost all real-life situations and it would be impossible to fulfill your potential if you were illiterate. It gives us opportunities to connect and further educate ourselves to be successful.
These skill sets include phonological awareness, phonics (decoding), fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary. Mastering each of these subskills is necessary for students to become proficient readers.
I think a huge fallacy in this assertion is that there are several aspects that are dependent on a number of factors. It is too reductive and not realistic to expect a single teacher to grasp all of these. A solution would be to have a more holistic approach where all courses and teachers are trying to deliver these skill sets.
The public library has long been a force promoting literacy in many countries.[70] In the U.S. context, the American Library Association promotes literacy through the work of the Office for Literacy and Outreach Services.
I'm reading Bombay London New York right now and in the novel, the author Kumar discusses these very ideas surrounding literary and its connections to public library spaces. Libraries and other ways of accessing text are fundamental in developing one's literacy. This is even more prudent today.
Egyptian hieroglyphs emerged from 3300-3100 BCE and depicted royal iconography that emphasized power amongst other elites. The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system was the first notation system to have phonetic values.
Very interesting, 1st recorded use of phonics in relation to literacy.
On a worldwide scale, illiteracy disproportionately impacts women.
This is sad to think about, especially in this day and age, but many third world countries have low literacy rates and because of lack of access to education, women in these countries have little to no opportunity to learn how to speak, write, and read correctly.
"Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society".
I agree that Literacy enables an individual's motivation to achieve their goals and to further take control of their own knowledge and potentials while also making them more aware of what is going on around them.
defining literacy as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts".
Unlike medieval times, when reading and writing skills were restricted to a few elites and the clergy, these literacy skills are now expected from every member of a society.[2] Literacy is a human right essential for lifelong learning and social change.
This little piece of the text states that being able to read is a human right that people have to have. This is interesting because there are people on this earth that do not think that it is necessary to read. There are students that are not reading at their age or grade level.
Literacy is also a catalyst for participation in social, cultural, political and economic activities, and for learning throughout life’.
I could not agree with this quote any more. Without Literacy one can not engage in social, cultural, political, economic ideology. Living a lifestyle when one is illiterate can be extremely difficult.
Reading development involves a range of complex language-underpinnings including awareness of speech sounds (phonology), spelling patterns (orthography), word meaning (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of word formation (morphology), all of which provide a necessary platform for reading fluency and comprehension.
So many parts come together to form literacy. I am able to see here that it is not just reading and writing but also the way we speak, the meaning of the words, and more.
Reading development involves a range of complex language-underpinnings including awareness of speech sounds (phonology), spelling patterns (orthography), word meaning (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of word formation (morphology), all of which provide a necessary platform for reading fluency and comprehension.
When thinking of literacy many people are just thinking of reading and being able to understand language. But there is so much more to being literate in a language.
The modern term's meaning has been expanded[by whom?] to include the ability to use language, numbers, images, computers, and other basic means to understand, communicate, gain useful knowledge, solve mathematical problems and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture.
this is important because it shows how much literacy has grown over time and what 'literacy' means in todays society.
iteracy, which includes the abilities to apply to printed material critical analysis, inference and synthesis;
How can this encompass digital literacy and non-printed texts; how does being literate change as the world of tech is constantly changing?
The modern term's meaning has been expanded[by whom?] to include the ability to use language, numbers, images, computers, and other basic means to understand, communicate, gain useful knowledge, solve mathematical problems and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture
This quote defines literacy in a great way, since it shows that literacy can apply to so many different things, not just words.
the abilities to apply to printed material critical analysis, inference and synthesis; to write with accuracy and coherence; and to use information and insights from text as the basis for informed decisions and creative thought
this is what language literacy means to me.
The key to literacy is reading development, a progression of skills which begins with the ability to understand spoken words and decode written words, and which culminates in the deep understanding of text.
This is a focus on text in literacy.
closed
close, closure, closed
In 2016, Fryer published a paper concluding that although minorities (African Americans and Hispanics) are more likely to experience police use of force than whites, they were not more likely to be shot by police than whites.[11] The study generated considerable controversy and criticism.[12][13][14][15]
Summary of Fryer's study on police violence.
3 Olympic exchange theory
Here is a debunk. Titanic Switch Theory conclusions and references
Hypothes.is is the 113,770th most popular site on the Internet according to Alexa.com
Hypothes.is is a "peer review layer for the entire Internet"
Qt (pronounced "cute"[7][8][9]) is a free and open-source widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces as well as cross-platform applications that run on various software and hardware platforms such as Linux, Windows, macOS, Android or embedded systems with little or no change in the underlying codebase while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed. Qt is currently being developed by The Qt Company, a publicly listed company, and the Qt Project under open-source governance, involving individual developers and organizations working to advance Qt.[10][11][12] Qt is available under both commercial licenses[4] and open source[13] GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0, and LGPL 3.0 licenses.[5][6]
Qt-library in Wikipedia
As log-bilinear regression model for unsupervised learning of word representations, it combines the features of two model families, namely the global matrix factorization and local context window methods
What does "log-bilinear regression" mean exactly?
The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of greenhouse gases could change the climate. Many other theories of climate change were advanced, involving forces from volcanism to solar variation. In the 1960s, the warming effect of carbon dioxide gas became increasingly convincing. Some scientists also pointed out that human activities that generated atmospheric aerosols (e.g., "pollution") could have cooling effects as well. During the 1970s, scientific opinion increasingly favored the warming viewpoint. By the 1990s, as a result of improving fidelity of computer models and observational work confirming the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages, a consensus position formed: greenhouse gases were deeply involved in most climate changes and human-caused emissions were bringing discernible global warming. Since the 1990s, scientific research on climate change has included multiple disciplines and has expanded. Research has expanded our understanding of causal relations, links with historic data and ability to model climate change numerically. Research during this period has been summarized in the Assessment Reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (such as more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), biotic processes (e.g., plants), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world. The latter effect is currently causing global warming, and "climate change" is often used to describe human-specific impacts.
This section needs citations included.
Climate change
Wikipedia resource
Democratic People's Republic of Korea[a]
North Korea itself rejects communism.
“There are two ways of looking at a place: There is what it calls itself, and there is what analysts or journalists want to say a place is,” Owen Miller, who lectures in Korean history and culture at London’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), told Newsweek.
“On neither of those counts is North Korea Communist. It doesn’t call itself Communist—it doesn’t use the Korean word for Communist. It uses the word for socialism but decreasingly, less and less over the decades.”
The state’s official ideology is juche, a Sino-Korean word used in both North and South Korea that roughly translates as “independence, or the independent status of a subject,” according to Miller.
“Juche is enshrined in North Korea’s constitution, explicated in thousands of propaganda texts and books, while teachers indoctrinate North Korean children with the ideology at an early age.
The concept evolved in the 1950s, in the wake of the Korean War, as North Korea sought to distance itself from the influence of the big socialist powers: Russia and China. However the concept has a more profound resonance for North Koreans, alluding to the centuries when Korea was a vassal state of the Chinese.
“When Kim Il Sung started using the word, he was using [it] to refer to this sense of injured pride, going back decades and much further, hundreds of years under Chinese control. He is saying North Korea is going to be an independent nation in the world, independent of other nations,” Miller says.”
The term was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data (or data web)[3] that can be processed by machines[4]—that is, one in which much of the meaning is machine-readable.
what semantic web mean in relation to machines
The Semantic Web is an extension of the World Wide Web through standards by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).[1] The standards promote common data formats and exchange protocols on the Web, most fundamentally the Resource Description Framework (RDF). According to the W3C, "The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries".[2] The Semantic Web is therefore regarded as an integrator across different content, information applications and systems.
definition of semantic web
A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred
Now Hypothesis annotations not only show when they were created, but also a second timestamp if they were edited.
https://astrosociety.org/edu/publications/tnl/23/23.html
Broken link - is in archive.org though. Here is the quote:
Marsden continued to refine his calculations, and discovered that he could trace Comet Swift- Tuttle's orbit back almost two thousand years, to match comets observed in 188 AD and possibly even 69 BC. The orbit turned out to be more stable than he had originally thought, with the effects of the comet's jets less pronounced. Marsden concluded that it is highly unlikely the comet will be 15 days off in 2126, and he called off his warning of a possible collision. His new calculations show Comet Swift-Tuttle will pass a comfortable 15 million miles from Earth on its next trip to the inner solar system. However, when Marsden ran his orbital calculations further into the future, he found that, in 3044, Comet Swift-Tuttle may pass within a million miles of Earth, a true cosmic "near miss.''
Marsden's prediction, and later retraction, of a possible collision between the Earth and the comet highlight that fact that we will most likely have century-long warnings of any potential collision, based on calculations of orbits of known and newly discovered asteroids and comets. Plenty of time to decide what to do.
https://web.archive.org/web/20130402063233/https://astrosociety.org/edu/publications/tnl/23/23.html
an active supervolcano
It is not a supervolcano. Its VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) is variously estimated as 6 or 7. A super volcano has VEI at least 8. This is just taken from the title of the New Scientist article - NS does tend to use hyperbole (exaggeration for emotional effect) sometimes.
This is a recent paper labeling it as VEI 7
Pan, B., de Silva, S.L., Xu, J., Chen, Z., Miggins, D.P. and Wei, H., 2017. The VEI-7 Millennium eruption, Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano, China/DPRK: New field, petrological, and chemical constraints on stratigraphy, volcanology, and magma dynamics. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 343, pp.45-59.
This 2016 paper calls it VEI <=6
Despite its historical and geological significance, relatively little is known about Paektu, a volcano that has produced multiple large (volcanic explosivity index ≤ 6) explosive eruptions, including the ME, one of the largest volcanic events on Earth in the last 2000 years
The explosive ME deposited 23 ± 5 km3 dense rock equivalent (DRE) of material emplaced in two chemically distinct phases in the form of ash, pumice, and pyroclastic flow deposits
Iacovino, K., Ju-Song, K., Sisson, T., Lowenstern, J., Kuk-Hun, R., Jong-Nam, J., Kun-Ho, S., Song-Hwan, H., Oppenheimer, C., Hammond, J.O. and Donovan, A., 2016. Quantifying gas emissions from the “Millennium Eruption” of Paektu volcano, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea/China. Science advances, 2(11), p.e1600913. Press release
Study provides new evidence about gas emissions from ancient North Korean volcanic eruption
USGS definition of a supervolano:
The term "supervolcano" implies a volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI), meaning that at one point in time it erupted more than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles) of material. Eruptions of that size generally create a circular collapse feature called a caldera.
The NS article is just using hyperbole for a more dramatic headline for emotional effect
Andy Coghlan (15 April 2016). "Waking supervolcano makes North Korea and West join forces". NewScientist. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
In your own supervolcano article it is listed as a Vel 7, a "super eruption'" as your page puts it, but not quite a supervolcano. The page itself explains that a supervolcano is 8 or more.
the guitar frustrates me a lot because I'm not good enough to play it sometimes so I get mad and throw a moody.
And producing an annotated block of text that highlights the names of entities:
text
There is ongoing work, mostly for embedded Linux systems, to support 64-bit time_t on 32-bit architectures, too
The kernel is now just about fixed, with the end in site and it is over to the glibc library writers and only then can application writers update to be 2038 compatible:
2019 update: Approaching the kernel year-2038 end game By Jonathan Corbet January 11, 2019
Strangelets are small pieces of strange matter, perhaps as small as nuclei. They would be produced when strange stars are formed or collide, or when a nucleus decays
An excellent cite here for strangelets is the LHC safety review in 2011. It also gives additional details that would be useful for the article and includes a short summary of the state of current research on strangelet production. The supplement to the review describes how the LHC confirmed the emerging picture, which is that strange matter does not form at high energies
Also, just as icecubes are not produced in furnaces, the high temperatures expected in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC would not allow the production of heavy nuclear matter, whethernormal nuclei or hypothetical strangelets.
Review of the Safety of LHC Collisions LHC Safety Assessment Group, 2011
Implications of LHC heavy ion data for multi-strange baryon production LHC Safety Assessment GroupSept 26, 201
ATM withdrawals are limited to five per month for primary account holders
Unless card is shipped to Italy, Austria or the UK
this term is used to refer to any Eastern Orthodox Christian
This explains how in the Eastern Orthodox church all Christians think of themselves as being the servant of God. And about how Jesus was as well. Being a Servant
Kahle has been critical of Google's book digitization, especially of Google's exclusivity in restricting other search engines' digital access to the books they archive. In a 2011 talk Kahle described Google's 'snippet' feature as a means of tip-toeing around copyright issues, and expressed his frustration with the lack of a decent loaning system for digital materials. He said the digital transition has moved from local control to central control, non-profit to for-profit, diverse to homogeneous, and from "ruled by law" to "ruled by contract". Kahle stated that even public-domain material published before 1923, and not bound by copyright law, is still bound by Google's contracts and requires permission to be distributed or copied. Kahle reasoned that this trend has emerged for a number of reasons: distribution of information favoring centralization, the economic cost of digitizing books, the issue of library staff without the technical knowledge to build these services, and the decision of the administrators to outsource information services
Student skills[edit] Typically, literacy in the classroom has focused on the following building blocks: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, text comprehension (NEIRTIC, 2004). However, as the electronic age permeates our society, students need to be prepared for jobs that require further literacy skills. Some of these skills include the following (Kinzer, 2003, para. 15): Keyboarding Layout and design skills for creating presentations and web pages Critical thinking about video, still images, audio, text, and interrelationships, and how they jointly convey intended and unintended messages Skill in using a variety of software types Information gathering, retrieval, and copying into presentation formats Scaling images
Internet Workshop - instructional model that educates students on a newly emerging form of literacy, the Internet. It is good to be aware of the skills that my students will need as young adults, applying for jobs.
Timeline of carbon capture and storage
Not been updated for a decade (as of 2019). Lots of newer material in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
The total carbon capture capacity of the facility is 800,000 tonnes per year.
They plan to expand to capture 2.3 million tonnes per year by 2025 and 5 million tonnes per year before 2030. They say they are commercially self-sustaining, with no government subsidies.
depending on body size and degree of tolerance.[
thus the 5 mg/kg body weight
This is the first time that ALMA has ever observed the surface of a star and this first attempt has resulted in the highest-resolution image of Betelgeuse available.
This is about a decade out of date. There is a higher resolution image from 2009
The Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse Credit: Xavier Haubois (Observatoire de Paris) et al.
The figure in the paper itself is this one:
The paper is here:
Haubois, X., Perrin, G., Lacour, S., Verhoelst, T., Meimon, S., Mugnier, L., Thiébaut, E., Berger, J.P., Ridgway, S.T., Monnier, J.D. and Millan-Gabet, R., 2009. Imaging the spotty surface of Betelgeuse in the H band . Astronomy & Astrophysics, 508(2), pp.923-932.
There are other images of similar resolution. This is an article from 2018.
Ariste, A.L., Mathias, P., Tessore, B., Lèbre, A., Aurière, M., Petit, P., Ikhenache, N., Josselin, E., Morin, J. and Montargès, M., 2018. Convective cells in Betelgeuse: imaging through spectropolarimetry. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 620, p.A199.
Fortune
So here, Wikipedia authors cite "Fortune" as a major section of the profile of Machiavelli's life without bothering to mention the specific power and significance of the word "fortuna" within the original text. Seems like a giant omission, even for people (like me) who have limited knowledge of the language of the original text.
He lost the title of "World's Shortest Man"
He is still in the record as the shortest mobile man
Khagendra Thapa Magar is currently listed on the Guiness world records site as the shortest man living (mobile))
Junrey Balawing is listed as the shortest man - living (non-mobile)
Balawing is the world's shortest man alive
He is in the record as the shortest non mobile man
Khagendra Thapa Magar is currently listed on the Guiness world records site as the shortest man living (mobile))
Junrey Balawing is listed as the shortest man - living (non-mobile)
Well known potentially hazardous asteroids are normally only a hazard on a time scale of hundreds of years
Many are only potentially hazardous on a timescale of thousands of years or millions of years. Example, Swift-Tuttle's first chance of impact is a small chance of impact in 4479 of 1 in a million.
For the alternative formulation, where X is the number of trials up to and including the first success, the expected value is E(X) = 1/p.
No cite given, the calculation can be done as here
Thus a wet bulb temperature of 35 °C (95 °F) is the threshold beyond which the body is no longer able to adequately cool itself
Confusingly doesn't explain that wet bulb temperatures differ significantly from the heat index. The US system of heat index is roughly the “perceived heat”, how warm it feels, and is used mainly for public outreach such as heat wave warmings, rather than scientific research.
Sadly, because the conversion depends on radiant heat (as well as humidity), there is no systematic way to convert one to the other. It gives an idea of what the temperature feels like - but how well you can tolerate it may depend on the amount of humidity and how much of the perceived heat is due to radiant heat.
A wet bulb temperature of 33°C (92°F) corresponds very roughly to a heat index of around 57°C (135°F) in the absence of radiant heat.
But with radiant heat the heat index can increase relative to those values and be larger than you’d expect from the wet bulb temperature by over 7°C (11°F) for indoor conditions and over 11°C (18°F) for outdoor conditions with direct sunlight.
Iheanacho, I., 2014. Can the USA National Weather Service Heat Index Substitute for Wet Bulb Globe Temperature for Heat Stress Exposure Assessment?.
Because of this factor, it was once believed that the highest heat index reading actually attainable anywhere on Earth was approximately 71 °C (160 °F)
Says who??
In Hardy's words, "Exposition, criticism, appreciation, is work for second-rate minds. [...] It is a melancholy experience for a professional mathematician to find himself writing about mathematics. The function of a mathematician is to do something, to prove new theorems, to add to mathematics, and not to talk about what he or other mathematicians have done."
similar to Nassim Taleb's "History is written by losers"
believe that a limited convention is possible.
So does James Kenneth Roger, Attorney at Osborn Maledon, P.A more about him - cited later in this article
He uses various arguments against this, mainly that it would defeat its purpose if it was unlimited because States would be reluctant to call such a convention.
However, he acknowledges that the Philadelphia convention in 1787) (not called under article V) went beyond its own remits and then he says that the main protection is that 3/4 of States have to support any amendments made by any such convention, which would include a majority of at least 22 out of the original at least 34 who called the convention in the first place (at most 12 total can be against any ammendment).
For more details: later annotation in page
The fact that Congress has not called such a convention, and that courts have rejected all attempts to force Congress to call a convention, has been cited as persuasive evidence that Paulsen's view is incorrect
Rogers’ legal opinion about Paulson’s argument is misparaphrased in this article. He does not use the fact that no convention has been held yet as a reason to suppose that the convention has to be limited, indeed he acknowledges that the Philadelphia convention in 1787 ) (although not called under article V) and cites this as a reasonable concern.
He uses other arguments against this, mainly that it would defeat its purpose if it was unlimited because States would be reluctant to call such a convention out of fear of what other things it might decide. He also says that if they thought this would happen the States would immediately rescind their applications, so preventing the convention, something Idaho has already done.
He does say that if the convention was unlimited then all existing applications could be aggregated together to call a single convention to discuss them all but he does not use the fact that this has not happened as an argument to say that such a convention is impossible. However, he says that the main protection is that 3/4 of States have to support any amendments made by any such convention. This would include a majority of the original 34 or more States that called for it (at most 12 of them could refuse to ratify). The arguments are
It then says
It gives the example of the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 which exceeded its mandate of revising the Articles of Confederation to show that there are well founded concerns about whether a modern convention with a limited mandate could exceed its original scope.
It says it would be difficult for a government to intervene as a constitutional convention could concievably claim independent authority.
However it goes on to say that any ammendments have to be ratified by 3/4 of the States. So, if the convention proposes extra amendments the would only be accepted if ratified by 38 States. This would mean that most of the States that originally requested it would also ratify it thus legitimizing their actions.
(This is the maths here: 38 out of 50 have to ratify so that means up to 12 could refuse to ratify, and a convention requres 2/3 of 50 or 34 States to be initiated. If the ones that don't ratify are all from the original States, then that would make it 22 that ratify of the original 34 or over 64% of them)
The section concludes that
The second argument—that the States have no power beyond initiating a convention—is partially correct. They do, however, have indirect authority to limit the convention. Congress’s obligation to call a convention upon the application of two thirds of the States is mandatory, so it must call the convention that the States have requested. Thus, Congress may not impose its own will on the convention. As argued above, the purpose of the Convention Clause is to allow the States to circumvent a recalcitrant Congress. The Convention Clause, therefore, must allow the States to limit a convention in order to accomplish this purpose. The prospect of a general convention would raise the specter of drastic change and upheaval in our constitutional system. State legislatures would likely never apply for a convention in the face of such uncertainties about its results, especially in the face of a hostile national legislature. [73] States are far more likely to be motivated to call a convention to address particular issues. If the States were unable to limit the scope of a convention, and therefore never applied for one, the purpose of the Convention Clause would be frustrated.
A related concern is whether States’ applications that are limited to a particular subject should be considered jointly regardless of subject or tallied separately by subject matter to reach the twothirds threshold necessary for the calling of a convention. [74] This is an important question because if all applications are considered jointly regardless of subject matter, Congress may have the duty to call a convention immediately based on the number of presently outstanding applications from states on single issues[74].
If the above arguments about the States’ power to limit a convention are valid, however, then applications for a convention for different subjects should be counted separately. This would ensure that the intent of the States’ applications is given proper effect. An application for an amendment addressing a particular issue, therefore, could not be used to call a convention that ends up proposing an amendment about a subject matter the state did not request be addressed. [76]
Footnote
73
These fears, however, are mitigated by the States’ own powers over ratification.
74 . Paulsen, supra note 3, at 737–43. 75 . Id. at 764. Paulsen counts forty ‐ five valid applications as of 1993.
76
If it were established that applications on different topics are considered jointly when determining if the twothirds threshold has been reached, states would almost certainly rescind their outstanding applications to prevent a general constitutional convention. Some states have already acted based on fears of a general convention. For example, in 1999 the Idaho legislature adopted a resolution rescinding all of its outstanding applications for a constitutional convention. S.C.R. 129, 1999 Leg. (Idaho 1999). Georgia passed a similar resolution in 2004. H.R. 1343, Gen. Assemb. 2004 (Ga. 2004). Both resolutions were motivated by a fear that a convention could exceed its scope and propose sweeping changes to the Constitution.
pdf here
.[29]
There is a formatting error in all these Rogers bookmarks. Should ilnk to this cite pdf here
Rogers 2007.
There is a formatting error in all these Rogers bookmarks. Should ilnk to this cite pdf here
Rogers 2007, p. 1007
There is a formatting error in all these Rogers bookmarks. Should ilnk to this cite pdf here
" (PDF).
pdf here
Rogers, 2007 & 1014–20.
Rogers & 2007 1008.
Rogers & 2007 1009.
Rogers & 2007 1010.
Rogers, 2007 & 1010–20.
Rogers, 2007 & 1014–19.
There is a formatting error in all these Rogers bookmarks. Should ilnk to this cite pdf here
It is this combination of features that also makes HyperCard a powerful hypermedia system. Users can build backgrounds to suit the needs of some system, say a rolodex, and use simple HyperTalk commands to provide buttons to move from place to place within the stack, or provide the same navigation system within the data elements of the UI, like text fields. Using these features, it is easy to build linked systems similar to hypertext links on the Web.[5] Unlike the Web, programming, placement, and browsing were all the same tool. Similar systems have been created for HTML but traditional Web services are considerably more heavyweight.
; some studies have reported that in adult humans about 700 new neurons are added in the hippocampus every day
2019 study finds thousands of young neurons in brain tissue through to the ninth decade of life.
By utilizing highly controlled tissue collection methods and state-of-the-art tissue processing techniques, the researchers found thousands of newly formed neurons in 13 healthy brains from age 43 up to age 87 with a slight age-related decline in neurogenesis (about 30% from youngest to oldest).
Old Brain, New Neurons? Harvard University press release
New neurons in red in brain tissue from a 68-year-old Original paper: Moreno-Jiménez, E.P., Flor-García, M., Terreros-Roncal, J., Rábano, A., Cafini, F., Pallas-Bazarra, N., Ávila, J. and Llorens-Martín, M., 2019. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Nature medicine, 25(4), p.554.
was nicknamed the annus confusionis ("year of confusion")
It was actually called the ultima annus confusionis, or the "final year of confusion". Also the primary source says it was 443 days.
The primary source here is Macrobius, in his Saturnalia) 1, 14, 3:, 400 AD
He first describes various Roman theories about when intercalation) (insertion of leap days or months) started, the earliest being an idea from Varro that it was a very ancient law inscribed on a bronze column around 472 BCE .
He then goes on to say (page 165 and page 166):
There was a time when intercalation) was entirely neglected out of superstition, while sometimes the influence of the priests, who wanted the year to be longer or shorter to suit the tax farmers,298 saw to it that the number of days in the year was now increased, now decreased, and under the cover of a scrupulous precision the opportunity for confusion increased.299
But Gaius Caesar took all this chronological inconsistency, which he found still ill-sorted and fluid, and reduced it to a regular and well-defined order;300 in this he was assisted by the scribe Marcus Flavius, who presented a table of the individual days to Caesar in a form that allowed both their order to be determined and, once that was determined, their relative position to remain fixed.301
When he was on the point of starting this new arrangement, then, Gaius Caesar let pass all the days still capable of creating confusion: when that was done, the final year of confusion was extended to 443 days.302 Then imitating the Egyptians, who alone know all things concerned with the divine, he undertook to reckon the year according to the sun, which completes its course in 365¼ days.303
The source says
Caesar called 46 BC the ultimus annus confusionis ("The final year of confusion")
Roman wits, however, called it the annus confusionis ("Year of Confusion").
Your ref 2 says
We think of the calendar as a universal measure of time. It's like a perfect grid that can be extended endlessly into the future. There's a website that tells me my birthday in the year 2128 will fall on a Monday.
But in antiquity, calendars were simply ways of organizing religious festivals, the terms of contracts, and other social arrangements. People knew calendars could be shifted and manipulated-even for political reasons. Priests and officials "kept" the time, and different calendars were in use throughout the world. Calendar time simply wasn't as fixed back then. An ancient calendar was more like a schedule, subject to change and revision.
So Caesar's reform was all the more remarkable. As both high priest and dictator of Rome, he had the authority to impose a whole new scheme on the Roman world. Cicero joked that this man now wished to control the very stars, which rose according to his new calendar as if by edict. Caesar's calendar still needed some minor adjustments, but Europe never got another jumbo year like 46 BC. And to this day, we are still marching along on Caesar's time.
The Longest year in History University of Houston scholar Richard Armstrong
Here is an academic secondary source
... our seasons come always at very nearly the same time, as fixed by our calendar, so much so that if ther is any variety, we remark on it, and say that spring is late, or autumn early, this year. It needs some little historical knowledge and imaagination to remind us of a time when it was not so; when months were lunar, many days were named and not numbered, and the year had so little to do with the seasons that it was quite possible for November or December to arrive before the summer was well over. Yet this was the case in the greatest civilizations of classical antiquity until a comparatively late date. For Rome, the year which we call 46 B.C. is called by Macrobius the last year of the muddled reckoning, annus confusionis ultimus, and it was 445 days long, so much had the nominal dates got behind the real ones; with the next year began the Julian reckoning, albeit with sundry boggles on the part of the Roman officials who did not quite undersatnd it, and long delays before the whole Western world adopted it.
Footnote: Macrobius, Saturnalia) 1, 14, 3: no one, except moderns who sould know better, ever calls it the annus confusionis simply.
Rose HJ. The Pre-Caesarian Calendar: Facts and Reasonable Guesses. The Classical Journal. 1944 Nov 1;40(2):65-76.
An Oblivious Tree is a rooted tree with the following property: All the leaves are in the same level. All the internal nodes have degree at most 3. Only the nodes along the rightmost path in the tree may have degree of one.
Note this is not the definition of the oblivious decision trees in the CatBoost paper.
There a oblivious decision tree means a tree where the feature used for splitting is the same across all intermediate nodes within the same level of the tree, and the leaves are all in the same level.
See: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/353172/what-is-oblivious-decision-tree-and-why
He was at first unable to afford the surgery that he needed immediately.
WTH America, seriously? One of the greatest musicians of all times and he was unable to afford a surgery that could save his life?
Such are great historical men—whose own particular aims involve those large issues which are the will of the World-Spirit.
Its mission is to use biologically-detailed digital reconstructions and simulations of the mammalian brain to identify the fundamental principles of brain structure and function
Most neuroscientists think this is impossible with current knowledge.
This annotation paraphrases parts of the article in BBC Futures, Will we ever ... simulate the human brain?, which is cited as a summary of the issues on page 9 of the 2015 mediation report on the Blue Brain project
A billion dollar project claims it will recreate the most complex organ in the human body in just 10 years. But detractors say it is impossible. Who is right?
Is it even possible to build a computer simulation of the most powerful computer in the world – the 1.4-kg (3 lb) cluster of 86 billion neurons that sits inside our skulls?
The very idea has many neuroscientists in an uproar, and the HBP’s substantial budget, awarded at a tumultuous time for research funding, is not helping
The problem is that though neuroscientists have built neural nets since the 1950s, the vast majority treat each neuron as a single abstract point.
Markram wants to treat each neuron as a complex entity together with the active genes that switch on and off inside them, the 3000 synapses that let each neuron connect with its neighbours, the ion channels (molecular gates) that allow them to build up a voltage by moving charged particles in and out of membrane boreders and the electrical activity.
Critics say that even building a single neuron model in this way is feindishly difficult. Then we have even less knowledge about how these cells connect.
Markram's idea was to do a complete inventory of which genes are switched on in which cells in which parts of the brain, the "single-cell transcriptome" and then based on that he thinks he can recreate the electrical behaviour of each cell and how the neurons branches grow from scratch.
Eugene Izhikevich from the Brain Corporation thinks we should be able to build a network with the connectivity and anatomy of a real brain, but that it would just be a fantastically detailed simulation of a dead brain in a vat - that it would not be possible to simulate an active brain.
Markram himself says that his aim is not to build a brain that could act like us.
“People think I want to build this magical model that will eventually speak or do something interesting,” says Markram. “I know I’m partially to blame for it – in a TED lecture, you have to speak in a very general way. But what it will do is secondary. We’re not trying to make a machine behave like a human. We’re trying to organise the data.”
Chris Eliasmith from University of Waterloo, Canada, told BBC Futures:
“The project is impressive but might leave people baffled that someone would spend a lot of time and effort building something that doesn’t do anything,”
He is involved in the IBM brain simulation called SyNAPSE which also doesn't do very much. He says
“Markram would complain that those neurons aren’t realistic enough, but throwing a ton of neurons together and approximately wiring them according to biology isn’t going to bridge this gap,”
Grandparents
This leaves out his maternal grandparents, Malcolm (1866–1954) and Mary MacLeod (née Smith; 1867–1963)
Jetsun Milarepa (Tibetan: .mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ, Wylie: rje btsun mi la ras pa, 1028/40–1111/23)[1] was a Tibetan siddha, who famously was a murderer as a young man then turned to Buddhism to become an accomplished buddha despite his past. He is generally considered as one of Tibet's most famous yogis and poets, serving as an example for the Buddhist life. He was a student of Marpa Lotsawa, and a major figure in the history of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.[1]
This is a hagiography completed in 1488,three and a half centuries after his death It was written by an inspirational poet and nyönpa or "religious madman" Gtsang-smyon He-ru-ka. It is a classic of Tibetan literature, but is not a biography. This article only presents this later acount.
The earliest known account of his life is strikingly different, attributed to Milarepa's principle disciple, Gampopa, though it's probably lecture notes by one of his students.
In this earliest account, he is not a murderer. There is no mention of him killing anyone with black magic, or of his trial constructing towers under Marpa. It's his mother who dies when he is young, not his father. T
Andrew Quintman whose thesis and then book was about Milarepa's life hasn't attempted to deduce his "real life". Though he does say there is good evidence he existed as a historical figure.
For an expanded version of this article with cites, and discussion of the earlier accounts, see Milarepa
Compusophic Systems
those old school tech companies names! compu-sophic! computer - philosophic
10,000 are passing inside the orbit of Neptune on any given day.
A better cite as the Sky at Night is no longer available to watch:
The hunt is now on for more 'Oumuamua-like objects. Extrapolating from this one discovery, there ought to be some 10,000 of them passing through our Solar System inside the orbit of Neptune.
'Oumuamua: 'space cigar's' tumble hints at violent past - BBC News
A practical example of service design thinking can be found at the Myyrmanni shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland. The management attempted to improve the customer flow to the second floor as there were queues at the landscape lifts and the KONE steel car lifts were ignored. To improve customer flow to the second floor of the mall (2010) Kone Lifts implemented their 'People Flow' Service Design Thinking by turning the Elevators into a Hall of Fame for the 'Incredibles' comic strip characters. Making their Elevators more attractive to the public solved the people flow problem. This case of service design thinking by Kone Elevator Company is used in literature as an example of extending products into services.
The report estimated 86,000 casualties, including 3,500 fatalities, 715,000 damaged buildings, and 7.2 million people displaced, with two million of those seeking shelter, primarily due to the lack of utility services. Direct economic losses, according to the report, would be at least $300 billion
This is not modeling a single event. The cite itself explains that it is for all three segments of the fault hypothetically rupturing as a single faujlt of magnitude 7.7. In actuality it would be three separate earthquakes.
The combined rupture of all three segments simultaneously is designed to approximate the sequential rupture of all three segments over time. The magnitude of Mw7.7 is retained for the combined rupture.
It also explains that these are mainly minor injuries.
Nearly 86,000 total casualties are expected for the 2:00AM event. A large portion of these casualties are minor injuries, approximately 63,300, though 3,500 fatalities are also expected. It goes on to explain that these are immediate deaths from buildings and bridges Those estimates include casualties resulting from structural building and bridge damage only. Therefore, the estimates do not included injuries and fatalities related to transportation accidents, fires, or hazmat exposure. This section deals only with injuries. Fatalities are addressed under mortuary services. The injuries and casualties estimated by the model are only for those that occur at the time of the event. The model does not provide for increases in these numbers that occur post event. For example, those that sustain injuries may die later, or injuries incurred as a result of response activities may result in fatalities
Under mortuary services it has this table which breaks down the 3,500 by state:
That’s for the eight states of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Missisicpi. Total population 43 million according to the 2000 data they were using.
Most in Tennessee which had a population of 5.69 million and would have 1,319 casualties in this scenario.
By comparison, the US yearly death rate is 8.1 per thousand so for Tennessse, about 45,000 a year.
In the conclusion it says
“Some impacts may be mitigated by retrofitting infrastructure in the most vulnerable areas. By addressing infrastructure vulnerability prior to such a catastrophic event, the consequences described in this report may be reduced substantially.The resource gaps and infrastructure damage described in this analysis present significant unresolved strategic and tactical challenges to response and recovery planners. It is highly unlikely that the resource gaps identified can be closed without developing new strategies and tactics and expanded collaborative relationships.”