10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Dec 2018
    1. Numerator layout, i.e. lay out according to y and xT (i.e. contrarily to x). This is sometimes known as the Jacobian formulation. Denominator layout, i.e. lay out according to yT and x (i.e. contraril

      两种布局;

    1. Fentanyl, a newer synthetic opioid painkiller, is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and 30 to 50 times more potent than heroin,[57] with only 2 mg becoming a lethal dose. It is pure white, odorless and flavorless, with a potency strong enough that police and first responders helping overdose victims have themselves overdosed by simply touching or inhaling a small amount.[193][194][195]

      .

    1. A syntactically annotated corpus (treebank) is a part of Russian National Corpus.[2] It contains 40,000 sentences (600,000 words) which are fully syntactically and morphologically annotated. The primary annotation was made by ETAP-3 and then manually verified by competent linguists.
  2. Nov 2018
    1. Net sales = gross sales – (customer discounts, returns, and allowances) Gross profit = net sales – cost of goods sold Operating profit = gross profit – total operating expenses Net profit = operating profit – taxes – interest Net profit = net sales – cost of goods sold – operating expense – taxes – interest
    2. Another equation to calculate net income: Net sales = gross sales – (customer discounts + returns + allowances) Gross profit = net sales – cost of goods sold Gross profit percentage = [(net sales – cost of goods sold)/net sales] × 100%. Operating profit = gross profit – total operating expenses Net income = operating profit – taxes – interest
    3. Another equation to calculate net income: Net sales (revenue) - Cost of goods sold = Gross profit - SG&A expenses (combined costs of operating the company) - Research and development (R&D) = Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) - Depreciation and amortization = Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) - Interest expense (cost of borrowing money) = Earnings before taxes (EBT) - Tax expense = Net income (EAT)
    4. Here is how you reach net profit on a P&L (Profit & Loss) account: Sales revenue = price (of product) × quantity sold Gross profit = sales revenue − cost of sales and other direct costs Operating profit = gross profit − overheads and other indirect costs EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) = operating profit + non-operating income Pretax profit (EBT, earnings before taxes) = operating profit − one off items and redundancy payments, staff restructuring − interest payable Net profit = Pre-tax profit − tax Retained earnings = Profit after tax − dividends

      $$Sales Revenue = (Price Of Product) - (Quantity Sold)$$

      $$Gross Profit = (Sales Revenue) - (Cost)$$

      $$Operating Profit = (Gross Profit) - (Overhead)$$

      Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) $$EBIT = (Operating Profit) + (Non-Operating Income)$$ Earnings Before Taxes (EBT) $$EBT = (Operating Profit) - (One Off Items, Redundancy Payments, Staff Restructuring) - (Interest Payable$$

      $$Net Profit = (EBT) - (Tax)$$

      $$ Retained Earnings = (Net Profit) - (Dividends)$$

    5. Net profit is a measure of the fundamental profitability of the venture. "It is the revenues of the activity less the costs of the activity. The main complication is . . . when needs to be allocated" across ventures. "Almost by definition, overheads are costs that cannot be directly tied to any specific" project, product, or division

      Revenue - Cost

    6. Net profit: To calculate net profit for a venture (such as a company, division, or project), subtract all costs, including a fair share of total corporate overheads, from the gross revenues or turnover. Net profit = sales revenue − total costs
    1. He believed giving governments any flexibility in setting money growth would lead to inflation and therefore

      在權衡與法則兩者間,Friedman認為央行應當選擇法則。

    1. Neutronium (sometimes shortened to neutrium,[1] also referred to as neutrite[2]) is a hypothetical substance composed purely of neutrons.

      claim that neutronium is a "hypothetical substance"

    1. A function point is a "unit of measurement" to express the amount of business functionality an information system (as a product) provides to a user.

      function point

    1. Рекомендации Рабочей группы W3C по веб-аннотации (по состоянию на 23 февраля 2017 года): Модель данных веб-аннотации Словарь веб-аннотации Протокол веб-аннотации Архитектура веб-аннотации , интерактивная иллюстрация W3C

      Зафиксировать важность этой страницы! И почему такой страницы до сих пор нет в русскоязычном сегменте?

    1. RNAM acts as the advisor for India focused Equity and Fixed Income funds in Japan (launched by Nissay Asset Management) and Korea (Samsung Asset Management)

      NBFC

    1. The relationship of new market exchange systems to indigenous non-market exchange remained a perplexing question for anthropologists. Paul Bohannan argued that the Tiv of Nigeria had three spheres of exchange, and that only certain kinds of goods could be exchanged in each sphere; each sphere had its own different form of special purpose money. However, the market and universal money allowed goods to be traded between spheres and thus served as an acid on established social relationships.[32]

      Not very informational, but maybe look into spheres of exchange

  3. Oct 2018
    1. In English and many other languages using some form of the Latin alphabet, the space is a good approximation of a word divider (word delimiter), although this concept has limits because of the variability with which languages emically regard collocations and compounds.

      пробел -- хороший аппроксиматор разделения слов. но есть коллокации и сложносоставные слова.

    1. Agglutination is a linguistic process pertaining to derivational morphology in which complex words are formed by stringing together morphemes without changing them in spelling or phonetics.
    1. The perplexity of the model q is defined as b − 1 N ∑ i = 1 N log b ⁡ q ( x i ) {\displaystyle b^{-{\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}\log _{b}q(x_{i})}}

      The perplexity formula is missing the probability distribution \(p\)

    1. Engelbart's career was inspired in December 1950 when he was engaged to be married and realized he had no career goals other than "a steady job, getting married and living happily ever after".[14] Over several months he reasoned that: he would focus his career on making the world a better place[15] any serious effort to make the world better would require some kind of organized effort that harnessed the collective human intellect of all people to contribute to effective solutions. if you could dramatically improve how we do that, you'd be boosting every effort on the planet to solve important problems – the sooner the better computers could be the vehicle for dramatically improving this capability.[14]

      Engelbart's guiding philosophy

    1. supplementing "how creative men think" and relates that the systems for indexing data are still insufficient and rely too much on linear pathways rather than the association-based system of the human brain

      linear pathways vs association based

    1. disallowing extremely light or extremely dark coats

      I've adopted two goldens who were too dark and too light, respectively, to be showdogs. It's a shame that people abandon these sweet and loving doggos just because they don't qualify for championships.

    2. Golden retrievers are rarely choosy eaters

      Sometimes to their detriment. Be careful of what you leave in their presence! It will probably get eaten.

    1. Shewanella oneidensis is a bacterium notable for its ability to reduce metal ions and live in environments with or without oxygen. This proteobacterium was first isolated from Lake Oneida, NY in 1988, whence its name.[1]

      Test

    1. Following Christopher Strachey,[2] parametric polymorphism may be contrasted with ad hoc polymorphism, in which a single polymorphic function can have a number of distinct and potentially heterogeneous implementations depending on the type of argument(s) to which it is applied. Thus, ad hoc polymorphism can generally only support a limited number of such distinct types, since a separate implementation has to be provided for each type.

      kind of like clojure multimethods but those can dispatch on arbitary function hence arbitrary "property"

    2. In programming languages and type theory, parametric polymorphism is a way to make a language more expressive, while still maintaining full static type-safety. Using parametric polymorphism, a function or a data type can be written generically so that it can handle values identically without depending on their type.[1] Such functions and data types are called generic functions and generic datatypes respectively and form the basis of generic programming.

      so essentially this is just a way to escape the contrains of types--overspecifying the type of argument for e.g. append function

      I guess the behaviour implement cannot really implement on the type of value

    1. Some philosophers think there is an important distinction between "knowing that" (know a concept), "knowing how" (understand an operation), and "acquaintance-knowledge" (know by relation), with epistemology being primarily concerned with the first of these.[10]

      In my opinion, this is the sequence of that people how to obtian the knowledge.

    1. the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function

      物质抑制某特定生物/生化功能的效力

    1. Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 as part of the United States' successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup.[10] The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams.

      test

    1. In certain databases the key values may be points in some multi-dimensional space

      what is the best data structure for such search problems?

  4. Sep 2018
    1. Li (理, pinyin lǐ)is a concept found in Neo-Confucian Chinese philosophy. It refers to the underlying reason and order of nature as reflected in its organic forms.

      Li

    1. Communism forgets that life is individual. Capitalism forgets that life is social, and the Kingdom of Brotherhood is found neither in the thesis of Communism nor the antithesis of Capitalism but in a higher synthesis. It is found in a higher synthesis that combines the truths of both".[44]

      When did King switch from "the beloved community" to "the Kingdom of Brotherhood." This quote is very Hegelian - is this the Royce influence?

    2. An interesting page. Definitely steers away from any explicitly Marxist understanding. Has the "monopoly capitalism" school ever identified "economic democracy" as the counter-movement?

    1. A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over with a working simple system

      would be interesting to find an exeptions

    1. Back to my question I once asked myself:

      What would I do if I had everything I wanted? Relating to the social, material, and mental categories.. Nothing? Just observing my own mind, how thoughts appear into consciousness, how it feels to be aware? Would that be called nothing or something?

    1. literature

      easier for the lower classes to afford a book as opposed to paying to go to the opera or something else, hence some of the overall holistic appeal?

    2. Secularism and doubts about the accuracy of the Old Testament grew as the scientific outlooked rapidly gained ground among the better educated.

      people were having THOUGHTS?!

    3. imposed fresh moralistic values

      how can one impose someone moral's? i'm not talking about forcing or influencing people to do something, what I'm saying is you can't really force someone to truly feel that way on a moral level about something

    4. Moral standards improved very dramatically, e

      while it is understood that religion can be overall positive for a community is it not a little biased for the author here to blanket state that everyones moral standards improved because they were forced to practice a certain religion?

    1. Leapfrogging in developing countries

      I think this concept cannot be applied to a developing country. A society who never made the experience and the learning path of how the technology was made and conceived. Because I found that certain technologies as are mentioned in this paragraph never rech the level of functionality like in developed countries. The reason is always something, soon or later, will went wrong and nobody will knows how to fix the problem. Then locals have to call a foreign engineer to look what the problem is. And then the parent company never send the best professional to the locals in order to see what the problem is. Then there are other problems like cultural communication between foreign engineer and local engineer and the problem enters in a vicious cycle of "We did all what we could". The other problems are these technologies are seen and transferred out of its system without the corresponding social captial and its value chain constructed.

  5. Aug 2018
    1. reported that the police estimated there were 8,600 in London alone in 1857

      Sadly, a percentage of these prostitutes were children, as Dr. Utell touched upon in Wednesday's class. They may not have been included in this statisical analysis, but they were a part of this "Great Social Evil".

    2. Respectability was their code—a businessman had to be trusted, and must avoid reckless gambling and heavy drinking.

      I believe this was a popular belief for the Greeks as well. Indulgent 'activities' were never taken too far, as the self must maintain a level of decorum and intellectual acuity.

    3. India provides an example of the London-based financiers pouring money and expertise into a very well built system designed for military reasons (after the Mutiny of 1857), and with the hope that it would stimulate industry

      The same can be said for Sri Lanka. These two countries are prime examples of Britain's first attempts of Asian colonization...and eventual failures. Even to this day countries like Japan and China are pumping money and supplies into the militias of these countries in hopes of turning them into "mini colonies". On the bright side, British English is the standard of English taught in both these countries to this day.

    4. They taught in Sunday schools, visited the poor and sick, distributed tracts, engaged in fundraising, supported missionaries, led Methodist class meetings, prayed with other women, and a few were allowed to preach to mixed audiences.

      The life Jane Eyre almost lived.

    5. novelist Charles Dickens, for example, worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in a debtors' prison.

      Dickens' experiences working in a blacking factory at such a young age is likely the inspiration for some of his novels such as "Oliver Twist". The novel is about an orphan boy named Oliver Twist who ends up living on the streets with other orphan children.

    6. Virginia Woolf said the angel had to be killed.

      Virginia Woolf wrote about women needing to have the space to write, think, and be themselves in "A Room of One's Own". Women need their own space to express themselves and expand their ideas.

    7. They instead concentrated on the argument that it was not necessary to believe in God in order to behave in moral fashion.

      I feel this is an important point that was over looked then and forgotten now. People can be good people and not have a religious background or upbringing.

    8. Blasphemy laws meant that promoting atheism could be a crime and was vigorously prosecuted.

      I find it interesting that religion was such an important part of people's everyday lives back then. People were punished because they didn't believe in God, or they didn't practice the religion they were supposed to.

    9. English family life increasingly became compartmentalised

      similar to the seperate social spheres for men and women, work and home were kept seperate

    10. The Victorian frame of mind is largely composed of their characteristic modes of thought and feeling

      makes sense as the middle class is usually the largest so once they had more time to be involved politically rather than just work, they had a good influence

    11. extension of scientific assumptions

      This kind of answers my question, they felt social problems should be solved more scientifically rather than based on religion.

    12. Nonconformists fighting bitterly against the established status of the Church of England, especially regarding education and access to universities and public office.

      it seems like the church was having a positive effect on these changes, so why so much push back?

    13. Their movement, often called "Philosophic Radicalism," fashioned a formula for promoting the goal of "progress" using scientific rationality, and businesslike efficiency, to identify, measure, and discover solutions to social problems.

      I feel like we could use some of this today

    14. rapid rise of the middle class, in large part displacing the complete control long exercised by the aristocracy.

      I find this interesting since (at least in jane eyre) there seemed to be a lot of reflection of aristocracy in the novel

    15. The princely states were not affected and remained under British guidance.[17]

      So basically Britian was getting a lot more land/power and after this im guessing stuff kinda went quiet politically?

    16. There were unprecedented demographic changes: the population of England and Wales almost doubled from 16.8 million in 1851 to 30.5 million in 1901,[3] and Scotland's population also rose rapidly, from 2.8 million in 1851 to 4.4 million in 1901.

      people have lots of kids in peaceful/prosperous times (following war)

    17. romanticism and even mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts

      interesting that romanticism is matched with the higher moral values rather than rationalism.

    18. There was a strong religious drive for higher moral standards

      I'm wondering what happened in the Georgian period that made them want higher morals?

    1. He believed that anomie is common when the surrounding society has undergone significant changes in its economic fortunes, whether for better or for worse and, more generally, when there is a significant discrepancy between the ideological theories and values commonly professed and what was actually achievable in everyday life. This was contrary to previous theories on suicide which generally maintained that suicide was precipitated by negative events in a person's life and their subsequent depression.

      Is this what America is experiencing in the midst of Donald J. Trump's new Republican party?

      I'm left wondering if there is a potential link to Jonah Goldberg having used the word Suicide specifically in the title of his recent book? Neither Durkheim nor anomie appear within the text however.

    1. Ile-Ibinu Yoruba words (by which name the country was afterward known)

      Indigenous name of the Kingdom of Benin

      The indigenous name of the Kingdom of Benin is Ile-Ibinu, although it was known as simply Ubunu during its first century of origin.

      The Kingdom of Benin, or Ile-Ubinu, emerged in a region formerly named Igodomigodo. At the founding of Benin in the 11th century, the kingdom's inhabitants knew it as Ubinu (related to the word for a center for king's governance), but by the fall of the Ogiso dynasty in the 12th century, it became known as Ile-Ibinu, the name by which it was known for the majority of its history. The name Benin is a Portuguese corruption of the Kingdom's original name.

      Alt details: The Portuguese corruption 'Benin' became commonly accepted by locals as the name for Benin City after the 15th century. (Fact check this.) Ubinu was colloquially referred as Bini by its inhabitants. Some regions/tribes referred to the Kingdom as Ubinu up until the 19th century.