Let's look at a concrete example before going deeper. Consider someone who calls himself Cookie Monster. Saying that he is a cookie monster conveys the idea that there is a group of entities that are each called cookie monster, and he is one of them. Saying that he is the cookie monster conveys either that the 'group' of entities really has only one member (him), or that he is the most outstanding member of the group. In each case, the focus is on some kind of classification scheme. Saying that he is cookie monster says something about him personally - he really enjoys cookies, eat them messily, etc.

In the first example, Doctor is being used as the name of the person; the doctor is more of a descriptive phrase. It's short for Doctor <his name>. tend bar is a set phrase, it's a synonym for being a bartender. It's also similar to the way other people describe their work: a mailman could say I deliver mail, a programmer would say I write code, a garbageman would say I collect garbage, and a composer would say I write music. These are all using the noun to refer to the general concept, rather than any specific item, so no article is needed. You would add an article when you need to be specific, e.g. I write the music in TV commercials. ShareShare a link to this answer (Includes your user id)Copy linkCC BY-SA 3.0 Edit Follow Follow this answer to receive notifications answered Apr 15 '15 at 21:18 BarmarBarmar 15.2k11 gold badge2525 silver badges4242 bronze badges 13 3 Your examples suggest bar is a mass noun, but I don't believe it functions as such— the entire phrase refers to an activity. It's more like saying I play ball than I write music. – choster Apr 15 '15 at 21:25 @choster There are varying degrees of cohesiveness in these verb + noun strings. They're very hard to categorise accurately. – Edwin Ashworth Jan 20 '18 at 0:40 @EdwinAshworth True. My last example would be perfectly fine if it were I write music in TV commercials and a mailman could say I deliver the mail. – Barmar Jan 20 '18 at 0:42 And we've had the 'He's in hospital / *'He's in infirmary' / 'He's in theatre' / *'He's in ward' kerfuffle. – Edwin Ashworth Jan 20 '18 at 0:57 @EdwinAshworth Those are also AmEn vs BrEn differences. We don't say "in hospital" here in America. – Barmar Jan 20 '18 at 1:00

,

En dashes, which are about the width of an upper-case N, are often mistaken for hyphens. But, traditionally, en dashes function as a kind of super hyphen. They’re meant to give you a little extra glue when you have a compound modifier that includes a multi-word element that can’t easily be hyphenated. For example, the phrase Elvis Presley–style dance moves uses an en dash because Elvis-Presley-style dance moves is awkward; “Elvis Presley” isn’t a compound modifier, so hyphenating it looks odd. But, keep in mind, not all readers will notice en dashes or understand what they mean. Sometimes, it’s better to simply reword the phrase. Elvis Presley–style dance moves or: dance moves like Elvis Presley’s pre–World War II buildings or: buildings constructed before World War II En dashes are also used to show ranges of numbers, such as times, page numbers, or scores (I’ll schedule you from 4:30–5:00). But, outside of formal printed publications, this type of en dash is commonly replaced with a simple hyphen.

mistake

Sentence joining with Coach and his assistant Coach

A good trick to remember on to vs. onto is to mentally say “up” before on in a sentence. If it still makes sense, then onto is probably the correct choice.

In that film, he replaced Kevin Spacey in the role of J. Paul Getty after Spacey had an #MeToo downfall.

Include articles, such as the. Articles help readers and translation software identify the nouns and modifiers in a sentence. Examples Empty the container. The empty container

Paragraph

Keep sentences small. They’re easier to work with that way.If something doesn’t feel right, there’s a problem with one or more of your sentences. Listen to that feeling. Try to pinpoint exactly which word or phrase is triggering it. Naming exactly what’s wrong, in grammatical terminology or otherwise, will come later.Understanding a word’s etymology will teach you how to use it. Words contain imprints of their histories.The subject of a sentence should appear as close to the beginning of a sentence as possible.You don’t have to “grab” anyone with the first line of your story. Just write a simple sentence that says what you want it to say. It’s harder than it sounds! And also very effective, if done well.“A writer’s real work is the endless winnowing of sentences, the relentless exploration of possibilities, the effort, over and over again, to see in what you started out to say the possibility of saying something you didn’t know you could.”Noun phrases (“the realization that…”) almost always sound clunky and dead. Try rewriting them as verb phrases (“realizing that…”).Prepositions are difficult to get right, even for native English speakers.A reader’s experience has nothing to do with a writer’s. A sentence that reads “naturally” or “conversationally” to a reader may have been painstakingly assembled by a stressed-out writer who wishes they could sound more natural or conversational.

The easy way to tell if you need who or whom is to substitute it for he or him and see which one makes sense.

!

tense refers to temporally when while aspect refers to temporally how.

Lie: I felt sick, so I lay down.Here’s where it can get a bit tricky. The past tense of lie is lay, but not because there is any overlap between the two verbs. So when you say, “I lay down for a nap,” you’re actually using the verb lie, not lay, despite the way it sounds.

ed tech)

the Corpus was also used as a basis for grammar and language reference titles as well as dictionaries.

beablelearn the

the singular form of the string (note that it can be used for numbers other than one in some languages, so '%s item' should be used instead of 'One item')

This will of course depend on your perspective, but: beware Finnish and other highly inflected languages. As a grammar nerd, I actually love this stuff. But judging by my colleagues, you won’t.

grammar : a punctuation mark — that is used especially to indicate a break in the thought or structure of a sentence

tell read_xlsx() take

as

American People

Impeachment Fever

ns, an

trigger167aware

trigger aware

, b

ass, a

Hundreds of studies — from eating better to avoiding the impulse to react to people on the basis of their skin color — have demonstrated

“value bets”— bets when he actually had a good hand —

The aim of this book is to give you the knowledge and tools to write microcopy; and no, you don’t need to be a copywriter or content writer.

If we’re speaking of garden-variety errors, the most common error I’ve observed that manages to get past any number of sets of expert eyes and wind up printed in books is the use of “lead” where “led” is meant—that is, the past tense of the verb “to lead.”

They mistake the apostrophe for a piece of punctuation when it is a spelling issue. 

MN: You can have friends or you can correct people’s grammar.

I still firmly believe that copy editors need only enough grammar to get them through the demands of their particular manuscripts; being a grammarian is entirely beside the point. Or to put it another way, grammar is part of what you do as a copy editor, but only a part. That said, it’s fun to know about the subjunctive, so I’ll concede that particular pleasure.

After encountering Virgil, he

elocution

Chinese, says Bacon, is written "in Character� Real, which express neither letters nor words ... but things or notions;

s d

The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city-state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. "Vatican" is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager, "Vatican territory".

“There are only three places that have a ‘the’ in the front of their name: the Vatican, The Hague, and the Bronx.” —Mary Higgins Clark

six month

high speed

time here, b

desk,

or

here,

The specter of upcoming departure influenced behavior in a way that removed one from reality — academics in Lyon mattered less at home, new friends would return to their countries of origin and communication would lapse, and why invest for comfort when somewhere so briefly?

we’d

fifteen minute

,

His most famous contribution to the study of grammar may have been his tentative suggestion that sentences ending with a preposition

Lowth's grammar is the source of many of the prescriptive shibboleths that are studied in schools,

It was the schoolteacher and writer Anne Fisher whose English primer of 1745 began the notion that it's somehow bad to use they in the plural and that he stands for both men and women.

CITY YOU

Him

god

Gardena

gefrunon

sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum

Incessentaly correcting graamer

Incessentaly correcting graamer

To begin to develop a grammar of fake news, I collected six types of false information we’ve seen this election season.

t is not a pedagogical grammar resource, as it is not limited to the actual material covered in the first-year textbook (DiB).

Becauseでしょう indicates guess, it can be used for current events and past events that we are not certain.

ています can be used to mean an action (instantaneous or continuative) takes place on a regular basis.

For English, telling the difference between instantaneous and continuative verbs is easy, because we seldom, if ever, use “be +ing” form for the former. For Japanese, however, the situation is complicated, as ていますcan be used with both kinds of verb.

use ‘本を貸していただけませんでしょうか’ to make it even politer.

‘本を貸してくださいませんか’ (Can’t you lend me your book?)

By asking questions, the listeners feel that they have a choice to say no and thus are not offended by your request. In Japanese, you should also ask questions when you ask for a favor.

when you ask the same people to do something FOR you, e.g. lend you a book or sign a recommendation letter for you, you can’t just use ください.

Backus-Naur Form (BNF) notation

else

n bu

They found that people’s ability to detect road hazards, reaction time, and control of the vehicle were all impaired by cell phone use.

their

most clear

according to which being watched by others while performing a task causes physiological arousal, which increases an organism’s tendency to make the dominant response.

cortissimo

The FORM-CLASS words (sometimes called open or lexical words) contribute content-meaningto the text and comprise the central subject matter in dictionaries.Whereas STRUCTURE-CLASS words (sometimes called closed, grammatical, or function words) contributegrammatical-structural meaning to the text. That is, they signal the relationships betweenwords in a sentence and function to make a text cohesive. They work rather like mortarto connect the bricks of the form-class words to each other.

The function of a word in a sentence—that is, its role and its relationship to otherwords—always determines its part of speech in that sentence.

We certainly don't follow the Latin-based, old-fashioned advice that forbids splittingan infinitive verb 'to boldly go' or, ending a sentence with a preposition (‘I have nobodyto go with’). These rules were based on the fact that allLatin infinitives are expressed as one word. Also, that Latin prepositions are always placedbefore the noun, so can never appear at the end of a Latin sentenc

There are lots of other rules such as not starting a sentence with ‘and’, or ‘but’,or ‘because’ that you might remember from school, but these are what some grammarianscall ‘bogus’ or ‘zombie’ rules.

Traditional grammar was based on nine parts of speech:

presents a more specific model of scientific research in psychology. The researcher (who more often than not is really a small group of researchers) formulates a research question, conducts a study designed to answer the question, analyzes the resulting data, draws conclusions about the answer to the question, and publishes the results so that they become part of the research literature. Because the research literature is one of the primary sources of new research questions, this process can be thought of as a cycle. New research leads to new questions, which lead to new research, and so on. Figure 1.1 also indicates that research questions can originate outside of this cycle either with informal observations or with practical problems that need to be solved. But even in these cases, the researcher would start by checking the research literature to see if the question had already been answered and to refine it based on what previous research had already found.

For this reason, the evidence provided by scientific research may be viewed as a threat to a persons system of beliefs about the world.

This led to the hypothesis that people high in hypochondriasis would recall negative health-related words more accurately than people low in hypochondriasis but recall non-health-related words about the same as people low in hypochondriasis.

group group

But, we all know that is an estimate that sometimes be off.

As a general rule, studies are higher in external validity when the participants and the situation studied are similar to those that the researchers want to generalize to and participants encounter everyday, often described as mundane realism.

But how? Some clues come from data gathered at the end of the study, which showed that students who expected their rats to learn quickly felt more positively about their animals and reported behaving toward them in a more friendly manner (e.g., handling them more).

For example, you can download a plug-in for your web-browser that let’s your seamlessly move content that you find on the web into Zotero.

An university instructor measures the time it takes her students to finish an exam by looking through the stack of exams at the end.

We applied these guidelines for the definition of RASH. We restricted HTML, which does not use the aforementioned patterns in a systematic way, allowing the creation of arbitrary and, sometimes, quite ambiguous structures by selecting a good subset of elements expressive enough to capture the typical components of a scholarly article while being also well-designed, easy to reuse and robust.

Unit 2. Por and Para Prepositions All Students of Spanish discover quickly that the prepositions por and para are a force with which to be reckoned. At first, we discover that the both mean "for"; however, under colser inspection, we find out that each has several other meanings; some are shared by both, and others are unique to each one.

over

consis-tent system with a coherent and regular grammar

love

lots

3

the

Travle

Coffee, Tea, and Wate

to Profits

the

Profits

the

that

But they don’t just share stories: They also share their specific, concrete strategies they used to build their businesses beyond even what they imagined

get clear

sit quiet and learn

3

fears, doubts, and overwhelm

at the event

we

come

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me

rothschild

double

excel,

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Profits

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Yotu

results

the suits against Harvard and MIT has merit

At The New Yorker, it is a copy editor’s duty to deploy the serial comma, along with lots of other lip-smacking bits of punctuation, as a bulwark against barbarianism.

,

The sewer is not the theater of the sewer.

create

guarantee

editions of the SAVE-SD workshop

can find hard

in addition to

in

This is, actually, one of the crucial step to guarantee the use of RASH

RASH, of any

developed will take care about deciding

scripts

Among other things above just using the RASH grammar only, this script adds relatively sophisticated checking of the datatype microsyntaxes of attribute values.

It is worth noticing that, excepting three properties from schema.org for defining author's metadata (see Section 2 of the RASH documentation for additional details), RASH does not constrain any particular vocabulary for introducing RDF statements

the

other two ways

The first,

A different discourse can be done for the pattern popup, which is used for any structure that, while still not allowing text content inside itself, is nonetheless found in elements with a mixed content context [+t+s], and it is meant to represent complex substructures that interrupt but do not break the main flow of the text,

acceptable/accepted

environment

Formulas have been taken in particular consideration, since different ways are possible so as to implement them

allows

contain additional ones

this is a quite odd situation

a bunch of

development robust

, we developed

imprecise on the full HTML.

as primary language

In services made available by the company would enable

i.e.,

i.e.

v

According to the language periodical Språktidningen, ‘hen’ was by 2014 used once in the Swedish media for every 300 used of ‘hon’ or ‘han’, up from one in every 13,000 in 2011

A Swedish headteacher has been reported to the country’s Equality Ombudsman for refusing to use ‘hen’, the new gender-neutral pronoun, in what could be a landmark case for transgender rights.

The Swedish school system has wholeheartedly, and probably too quickly and eagerly, embraced this new agenda. Last fall, 200 teachers attended a major government-sponsored conference discussing how to avoid "traditional gender patterns" in schools. At Egalia, one model Stockholm preschool, everything from the decoration to the books and toys are carefully selected to promote a gender-equal perspective and to avoid traditional presentations of gender and parenting roles

"ip," "nis," and "hiser"

"It maximises the student's ability to control their identity," says Keith Williams, the university's registrar, who helped to launch the updated student information system in 2009

For example, when new students attended orientation sessions at American University in Washington DC a few months ago, they were asked to introduce themselves with their name, hometown, and preferred gender pronoun (sometimes abbreviated to PGP).

“We introduce ourselves with the pronouns we use and explain why that’s done,” they said. “Literally from the day that students step on campus for the first time, we want them to know about nonbinary pronouns and that we are not going to assume their pronouns.”

“My name is Aubri and I use they/them pronouns, what pronouns do you use?” Drake said. “It should be part of social interaction.”

The use of they/them to identify a single person, rather than two or more people, has not been without controversy.Maryland state education official Andy Smarick made headlines earlier this month after sharing his thoughts via Twitter on Merriam-Webster Dictionary’s use of the singular “they” when referring to one of the dictionary’s staffers.“The singular they is an affront to grammar. Language rules are all that separates us from animals. We. Must. Stand. Firm,” Smarick wrote in a tweet that has since been deleted.The dictionary retorted in a tweet: “Then you’re talking to the wrong dictionary — we’re descriptivists. We follow language, language doesn’t follow us.”

Wald settled on ey/em — a pronoun set that comes from the ends of the words “they” and “them.”“Now when I introduce my pronouns, I usually say ‘ey/em, or anything else gender-neutral,’” ey said.

We still need deliberate effort to remove sexism – like the Washington Post’s recent move from she/he to they as their default pronoun.

Jane Austen uses they in the singular 75 times in Pride and Prejudice (1813) and as Rosalind muses in 1848’s Vanity Fair: “A person can’t help their birth.”

Around 1809, Samuel Taylor Coleridge rejected “he” as the generic pronoun (“in order to avoid particularising man or woman, or in order to express either sex indifferently”, he wrote in his notebooks), settling on “it” as an ideal, neutral solution

heesh

Shakespeare followed in 1594, in The Comedy of Errors: “There’s not a man I meet but doth salute me/As if I were their well-acquainted friend”

At the start of 2016, the good folks of the American Dialect Society got together to crown their Word of the Year. They (see what I’m doing here) have decided that the word could now be used as a singular pronoun, flexing the English language so a plural could denote a singular, genderless, individual.

Geoffrey Chaucer in 1395, who wrote in The Pardoner’s Tale: “And whoso fyndeth hym out of swich blame, They wol come up…”