- Dec 2018
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robinderosa.net robinderosa.net
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The Future of the Public Mission of Universities
A compelling tour through the financial and human impacts of various initiatives to privatize public infrastructures — including public education.
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- Nov 2018
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Discuss?
Read and annotate other contributions to this conversation about choosing a Creative Commons license sparked off by Robin DeRosa on Twitter, that has generated other contributions from folks like Maha Bali, Steve Foerster, and Steel Wagstaff (add more in the replies).
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Thoughts on Licensing
Steel Wagstaff's contribution to the conversation about choosing a Creative Commons license sparked off by Robin DeRosa on Twitter, and generating other contributions from folks like Maha Bali and Steve Foerster (add more in the replies).
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blog.mahabali.me blog.mahabali.me
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On Attribution vs Privilege of CC0
Maha Bali's contribution to the conversation about choosing a Creative Commons license sparked off by Robin DeRosa on Twitter, and generating other contributions from folks like Steve Foerster and Steel Wagstaff (add more in the replies).
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stevefoerster.com stevefoerster.com
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Not Even Attribution
Steve Foerster's contribution to the conversation about choosing a Creative Commons license sparked off by Robin DeRosa on Twitter, and generating other contributions from folks like Maha Bali and Steel Wagstaff (add more in the replies).
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Zero Is My Hero (CC0)
Unfortunately, because Steve's blog doesn't have a copyright statement, all the material in the blog is fully protected by copyright.
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in economically developing societies, small scale proprietary educational institutions often serve the poor more successfully than public institutions do
What is the evidence of this claim?
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Why racial achievement gaps were so pronounced in affluent school districts is a puzzling question raised by the data.
Portland, OR: Parents' socioeconomic status broken down by race vs. educational attainment (reading & math).
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We’ve long known of the persistent and troublesome academic gap between white students and their black and Hispanic peers in public schools.
Portland, OR: Parents' socioeconomic status vs. educational attainment (reading & math).
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Money, Race and Success: How Your School District Compares
Statistical comparison of educational measures in relation to income and race.
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xolotl.org xolotl.org
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other works
I'll try to link related works here:
- "A Comprehensive Framework For Evaluating Educational Vouchers" by Henry Levin.
- "The common in higher education: a conceptual approach" by Krystian Szadkowski
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DeAngelis basically calls for a total revolution in how education is funded and delivered in the USA based on a smattering of shaky results drawn from less than 20 studies using different methodologies on limited populations in contexts ranging from urban Washington DC to Bogota, Columbia to Delhi and Andhra Pradesh, India.
DeAngelis uses the "fallacy of the inverse" to make his argument, which takes this form: "If some students who do X have good outcomes, then every student who does not do X will have bad outcomes." Read more in my annotation on DeAngelis's article.
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files.eric.ed.gov files.eric.ed.gov
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A Comprehensive Framework For Evaluating Educational Vouchers
A self-described nonpartisan framework for evaluating school voucher programs.
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(1) Freedom to Choose; (2) Productive Efficiency; (3)Equity; and (4) Social Cohesion
The four dimensions of evaluation for education.
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Balancing individual choice for addressing childrearingpreferences with a common educational experience that will promote equity and socialcohesion has always been a major challenge for the educational system. To a large extentthese goals are in conflict and place the school system under continual tension
Observation that public education exists in an ongoing (and unresolvable?) tension between providing for individual and social needs.
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it is importantto address the role of the schools in a democratic society characterized by considerableethnic, racial, regional, and socioeconomic diversity such as the United States
on the unique situation of the USA
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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This article provides a map of the three-element conceptual set of the common (the common good, the commons, and the common) in reference to higher education.
Compare to a facile and polemic post on K12 education as a public good, by Cato Instittute's Corey DeAngelis.
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Krystian Szadkowski
Learn more about Krystian in his bio at Adam Mickiewicz University and at Academia. View Krystian on Google Scholar and Twitter.
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The common in higher education: a conceptual approach
A thoughful exploration of education as a/the commons.
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A Convention In My Mind
A post by Sherri Spelic that led me to the works of Jana Bacevic, like the one Sherri refers to in this post, "The paradox of resistance: critique, neoliberalism, and the limits of performativity".
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janabacevic.net janabacevic.net
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The paradox of resistance: critique, neoliberalism, and the limits of performativity
I found this post from Sherri Spelic's post, "A Convention In My Mind.
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This is why, in the seemingly interminable debates about the ‘validity’ of neoliberalism as an analytical term, both sides are right: yes, on the one hand, the term is vague and can seemingly be applied to any manifestation of power, but, on the other, it does cover everything, which means it cannot be avoided either.
Neoliberalism's ambiguity: it can describe anything, and yet is also everything.
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Neoliberalism is the requirement to submit all your research outputs to the faculty website, but neoliberalism is also the pride you feel when your most recent article is Tweeted about.
The Tweet pride part of this hits home.
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In formal terms, critique is a form of a Russell’s paradox: a set that at the same time both is and is not a member of itself.
Critique as Russell's paradox.
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Namely, the object or target of critique becomes increasingly elusive, murky, and de-differentiated: but, strangely enough, so does the subject.
Interesting: so something like as critique gets deeper (?) the agency of the critic disperses.
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Varieties of neoliberalism, varieties of critique?
The three main varieties of critique of neoliberal knowledge production: marxist, poststructuralist, and neo-materialist (eg, big data, ai, machine learning).
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Relatedly, given the level of agreement among academics about the general direction of these changes, engagement with developing long-term, sustainable alternatives to exploitative modes of knowledge production has been surprisingly scattered.
Alternative practices to exploitative knowledge production have not kept up with critiques.
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www.hastac.org www.hastac.org
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Collaborative Close Reading
Valuable close reading activity — could be offline like this, or online using something like Hypothesis.
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poseidon01.ssrn.com poseidon01.ssrn.com
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Because students were not randomly assigned to the MPCP or the public school comparison group, we cannot assume causality regarding the relationship between the voucher program and crime and must, instead, infer causality.
causality inferred
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www.cato.org www.cato.org
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a specific good or service is strongest for a good or service deemed to be a “public good.”
Based on my understanding of public goods, I’m thinking most or all are not provided by government. A public good might be protected or endangered by government policy, but provided by it? There are examples like lighthouses, but most services provided by government are excludable and rivalrous. I agree education is not a classic public good.
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By Corey A. DeAngelis
You can learn more about Corey from his linked Cato Institute bio and list of publications, at The Heartland Institute, and at GMU's Mercatus Institute. You can see a record of Corey's citations on Google Scholar. Visit Corey on Twitter, where his account has a banner picture of Milton Friedman, and on LinkedIn. You might also find Corey's take on Trump's 2018 State of the Union address and his 28 Aug 2018 EdChoice interview interesting.
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In order to reduce the externalities associated with government schooling, we should allow private schools to continue their specialized approaches by reducing the quantity and intensity of regulations linked to private school choice program funding.
Another policy leap: no evidence has been presented that supports the idea of regulation increasing "the externalities associated with government schooling".
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Market entry and competitive pressures could improve the diversity and quality of educational options available to children while reducing average educational costs.
The important word here is "could". Is there evidence that market entry leads to any of these outcomes?
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Specifically, states should pass legislation to enact universally accessible Education Savings Accounts (ESAs) to allow families to customize their children’s educational experiences.
Note that there is a jump here from vouchers to ESAs that is nowhere substantiated in any of the previous argument or data.
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Since government schooling in the United States results in a net negative externality relative to private schools of choice, we should not subsidize government schooling based on the economic argument that it is a merit good.
Setting aside that this article is riven with logical leaps and unconvincing data, the bigger question is whether a purely economic evaluation of schooling mechanisms is enough to make a policy recommendations of such magnitude.
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Since schooling fails both the nonrivalry and nonexcludability conditions, there is no strong argument for government operation of schooling on the basis of the service being a public good.
As the author himself argued that people are just mispeaking when they say education is a public good, we can just ignore this conclusion as a strawman.
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However, these estimates should be treated with caution
No, these estimates should be treated with caution because they equal "about half of the U.S. GDP in 2016".
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The only quasi-experimental study linking private school choice to crime finds that private schools reduce the likelihood that male students will commit felonies by 4 percentage points in Milwaukee.
Near as I can tell, this study is just as likely to suggest that students that complete school are less likely to commit crimes than students that don't. The private school choice connection is a stretch.
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I exclude the two most costly types of crime — rape and murder — from this calculation in order to provide a more conservative estimate.
So then included are the "less costly" types of crime, including crimes more often prosecuted against people of color.
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it is infeasible to quantify the effects of tolerance, political participation, and racial segregation on society overall
Here the author admits that it is hard to quantify educational benefits.
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over the course of 13 years of k-12 schooling
Do the numbers being used here actually reflect the costs of the full 13 years of K-12 schooling? It seemed like most of the data was just for a few grades here and there.
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Hanushek estimates that a one-standard-deviation increase in student cognitive ability leads to a 13 percent increase in lifetime earnings.
I can't read this paper behind its paywall, but note that here we are grabbing a one-standard deviation measure from a study on teacher effectiveness and using it to extrapolate individual lifetime earnings based on standard deviations in math score tests from one meta-analysis of a a small collection of studies on voucher-based educations.
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Overall, Shakeel, Anderson, and Wolf find that private school choice programs increase reading scores by 4 percent of a standard deviation and math scores by 7 percent of a standard deviation.
Except that the results from this study are pretty inconclusive overall and especially for the USA, so here the author is applying a global result to a USA context.
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Data and Analysis
Here we go: now the author will extrapolate the spurious conclusions from above to the entire public school population.
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the preponderance of the scientific evidence suggests that government schools produce socially less-desirable outcomes than do private schools of choice
Where "the preponderance of evidence" means the very small number of methodologically and statistically unconvincing studies included here that focus on private schools of choice.
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Table 1: Government-schooling externalities and their signs
Now that I've dug deeper, I see how unsubstantiated this table is. The primary issue is that very limited and methodologically imperfect studies that purport to show positive externalities for voucher-based choice programs are flipped to suggest that "government schooling" has negative externalities.
Here's an analogous argument: Because some small studies of people that ate carrots with lunch shows that they had less indigestion than control groups that didn't eat carrots with lunch, all lunches without carrots cause indigestion.
Also, if one explores the references, it turns out most of them are by one or more of the same set of authors.
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As shown in a review of 11 experimental and quasi-experimental studies, DeAngelis finds that private school choice programs in the United States increase these types of civic outcomes.
Just to be clear here, the author is now talking about himself in the third person.
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This savings happens for two main reasons: (1) school voucher laws usually mandate that the voucher amount must be a fraction of the total per pupil expenditure in traditional public schools; and (2) private school tuition fees are often below the state-mandated maximum voucher funding amount.
Based on this, the savings would be to the government though, right, not the individual taxpayer/voucher user? So the level of taxation is the same, but thanks to vouchers, the government would need to spend less on education?
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all taxed funds are a negative externality if taxed individuals do not consent to the transaction
Again, the view that taxes are inherently coercive.
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Educated Populace
The upshot of this section is there are no clear education advantages to vouchers in the USA.
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the only difference between treatment and control groups is that one group received access to a private school choice program
It turns out the story is a bit more complicated that the author suggests here. The meta-analysis that these conclusions apparently rest on are not compelling for the USA context and the meta-analysis itself is riddled with questionable methodologies and conclusions.
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A meta-analytic and systematic review of 19 experimental voucher studies around the world
I read this article, and found it to be even less supportive of the conclusions drawn here than in the dismal summary below.
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a hard-working individual
Would someone who skated through medical school provide the same social/economic benefit?
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better-educated citizens may produce high-quality goods and services that benefit the rest of society
OK, this at least seems like a social benefit a real economist might include.
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Society benefits from a better-educated populace because individuals are more likely to interact with people who could teach them something new.
Wait, what? This is the first, primary social benefit of education?
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The three externalities that I examine are (1) an educated populace, (2) taxpayer costs, and (3) social cohesion.
What happened to lowered crime and more informed voting? It will be interesting to see how an educated populace and social cohesion are measured.
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random lotteries
exclusion by chance?
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they could take those same funds to schools of their choosing
They could take those funds to other schools, but would they? Maybe the analogy with immunization would be better.
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a realistic counterfactual: a private school of choice that could accept the public school’s per pupil funding amount as full payment for tuition and fees
We shall also see if there is evidence of private schooling that can increase education (rather than just schooling) more efficiently than public schooling.
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if the traditional public schooling system is reducing overall levels of education, or producing education very inefficiently
Two conclusions that the author has set out two prove.
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Pigouvian subsidy
One feels we are getting close to the author's reasoning about why government should support education at all.
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but for which I don’t earn a market income
There are more possible positive externalities from education than blog posts that aren't produced via market incomes, decreases in crime, and informed voting.
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I will be able to command a higher salary in the future, and I will feel good about being an educated citizen
two of the possible individual benefits that might be derived from an education
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as an economist would say
maybe "as some economists would say" given that there is more than one definition of merit goods.
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Fortunately, schools will never suffer from a true free-rider problem because they are not true public goods. That is precisely why private schools and tutoring services operate effectively today without government operating or funding them.
Sidenote: because it's easy to exclude houses from firefighting, no one can take advantage of firefighters without paying, that's why there is a healthy market in private firefighting.
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If someone does not pay me to educate the student, I can simply deny the student services.
If someone does not pay "me" [sic] to fight a fire at their house, I can simply let their house burn.
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because it is not difficult to exclude a person from a school — or any other type of institution with walls — schooling fails the nonexcludability condition
because it is easy to not fight a fire at one house and just prevent the fire from spreading
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Because of this, schooling fails the nonrivalrous part of the definition
therefore, firefighting is rivalrous (and should not be provided by government)
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if students are added to a given classroom, the teacher is less able to tailor the educational approach to each child, which could reduce the average amount of personalized education received by each student
if firefighters must fight fires at every house, they are less able to perfect firefighting at any one house
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If one student occupies a seat in a classroom, another child is prevented from sitting in the same seat.
If the firefighters are fighting fire at one house, they can not fight fire at another house.
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If schooling were indeed a public good, there would perhaps be a stronger economic argument for government funding and operation of schools.
Synopsis of the argument so far: People mistakenly call public schooling a public good when they really mean it is good for the public. But nevertheless, we have proven public schooling is not a public good. We assert without evidence that government funding should focus on public goods. Therefore there is no reason for government to fund public schooling.
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A radio station can be thought of as a true public good.
Hm. Not the example I would have reached for. The radio spectrum might be a better example. One could easily broadcast an excludable radio program encrypted that only people who had paid for a key could decrypt and listen to.
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the market avoids the potential free-rider problem with radio stations by using advertisements as a funding source
The UK has used a different system to support broadcast (receiver licensing) and public broadcasting in the USA uses yet another support mechanism, philanthropy.
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the free-rider problem could be eliminated if all members of society were forced to pay for the service indirectly through taxes
Again, the idea that taxes are coercion rather than say, a common interest contract.
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The economic argument for government using coercion to fund
This seems like a bit of a jump: all taxation is coercion.
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it is important for the current study to examine the externalities of the actual policy in place in the United States
Agree: focus on reality.
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And, of course, schooling and education are not one and the same.
Is anyone arguing that schooling is the only mechanism for education? Another strawman?
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Within seven decades, every state had followed suit; Mississippi was the last state to pass a compulsory schooling attendance law in 1918.
Is there any scholarship about relative social effects during this fairly long (70-year) transition period?
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the United States should instead fund education directly—rather than schooling
This is a somewhat buried, but key argument in this work: that schooling and education are not equivalent and that public schooling is not an effective mechanism for education.
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When people, including prominent education scholars, say that schooling is a public good, I believe they mean that schooling is “good for the public.”
Should the article stop here? Is the main point then that there is just a confusion in terms and folks are mistakenly saying school is a public good when they just mean it's good for the public?
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For example, someone who pursues 10 college degrees may achieve a well-rounded and advanced education without contributing much to other individuals in society.
Strawman argument: who pursues 10 college degrees?
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(1) the U.S. government should not operate schools at the local, state, or federal level on the basis of schooling’s being a public good;
Seems like a strawman recommendation as the author himself claims that folks are misspeaking when they talk about public education as a public good.
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an original contribution to the literature
a bold statement
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In order to place public schooling into one of the remaining two categories
What I'd like to see addressed first is why it is helpful to categorize public schooling as one of these (or maybe any) specific economic good. What is the value of this framing overall?
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Public schooling fails both conditions specified in the standard economic definition of a public good.
Agree. So why should we even be debating it? According to the author, even the folks who say "education is a public good" meant something else, so let's move on.
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demerit good
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merit good
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public good
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Is Public Schooling a Public Good?
Supposedly the central question of this work, but very shortly, the author holds that what people mean when they say "public schooling is a public good" is really just "public schooling is for the public good" and so one is left wondering if a different consideration of that question might be more valuable.
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www.edchoice.org www.edchoice.org
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Marty Lueken interviews Corey DeAngelis about what brought him to the school choice movement and what research is next for him
An interview with Corey DeAngelis where he talks about what attracted him about school choice, his research, and how he thinks about talking with others about his views.
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Even in the United States, 17 evaluations that are experimental, the majority are positive effects on test scores. But to be honest, even if they were almost all negative, which they’re not, I still don’t think we should use that information alone to prevent people from making decisions for their kids’ educations.
My reading of the data Corey relies on to make this argument is not so clear-cut. Meanwhile, he wants it all ways: people should rely on evidence, people should not use test score evidence to make educational decisions.
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Because as much as I hate it, hate to say, is there are some people out there that just don’t care about the evidence.
After looking at the evidence Corey relies on to make his case in Is Public Schooling a Public Good? An Analysis of Schooling Externalities, I find I care about the evidence, but don't find it compelling.
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poseidon01.ssrn.com poseidon01.ssrn.comdelivery.php11
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Public funding could be a proxy for voucher amount, as publicly-funded vouchers tend to be of significantly greater value than privately-funded ones.
OMG, so say it. Giving people more funding for education has a bigger effect than giving less.
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In addition, the PACES programwas distinctivein providingindividual student incentives for academic achievement.
Why is this not the policy recommendation of the study?
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It could be that there is a much larger gap in the quality of public and private schools in Colombia (and other countries, for that matter) than in the US (Angrist et al. 2006).
Therefore public schools in the USA are not significantly different than privates?
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In summary, these results indicate positive effects of school vouchers that vary by subject (math or reading), location (US v. non-US), and funding type (public or private). Generally, the impacts of private school vouchers are larger for reading than for math. Impacts tend to belarger for programs outside the US relative to those within the US. Impacts also generally are larger for publicly-fundedprograms relative to privately-funded programs.
I'm underwhelmed by the story the conclusions tell. Are most metaanalyses so unable to demonstrate credible results?
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The overall results so far indicate that school vouchers havepositive effects in both reading and math, but that these impactsare largest in programs outside of the US.
So results here are not applicable to the USA context.
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The US programs, overall, had a TOT effect that was not statistically different from zero
Wait, again USA effects were basically zero.
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we see that the US programs had an overall effect that was barely a null effect,
Wait, USA results in reading were barely null?
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As some studies did not report their findings in detail, we made necessary assumptions to derive accurate sample sizes for the treatment and control groups.
Wait, what? Assumptions?
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In the U.S. voucher programs inour meta-analysis, students who lost the voucher lotteries often found other ways to access school choices
Wait, what? The control group managed to participate in the same experience as the other group?
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The counterfactual condition for control group students varied across the programs.
Given this complexity, it may be hard to explain why any of the "control group" students experienced lower educational outcomes.
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Fortunately, much of the research on school vouchers in the U.S., and some of the evaluations abroad, has taken the form of random assignment experiments.
Note: random assignments within the population that has already self-selected to participate in voucher systems, so possibly a measure of that subpopulation.
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www.heartland.org www.heartland.org
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President Trump
The start of Corey DeAngelis's reactions to Trump's 2018 State of the Union address.
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what would be the point of turning private schools into the same types of institutions that are failing these children in the first place?
This seems to presume that public funding is the reason public education is "failing".
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www.belfercenter.org www.belfercenter.org
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2018 State of Digital Transformation
Rubrics for evaluating government digital readiness.
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scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org
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The New CLOCKSS Succession Plan
Nonprofit succession planning.
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medium.com medium.com
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The challenge that entrepreneurs undertake should be less a matter of How can I decentralize everything? than How can I make everything more accountable?
accountability rather than decentralization
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We should care less about whether something is centralized or decentralized than whether it is accountable. An accountable system is responsive to both the common good for participants and the needs of minorities; it sets consistent rules and can change them when they don’t meet users’ needs.
make centralization accountable
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People enter into networks with diverse access to resources and skills. Recentralization often occurs because of imbalances of power that operate outside the given network.
Recentralization of decentralized processes thanks to varying resources/skills of participants.
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Another approach might be to regard decentralization as a process, never a static state of being — to stick to active verbs like “decentralize” rather than the perfect-tense “decentralized,” which suggests the process is over and done, or that it ever could be.
For decentralization as a process rather than a state.
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Blockchains, for instance, enable permissionless entry, data storage, and computing, but with a propensity to concentration with respect to interfaces, governance, and wealth.
How blockchain is decentralized and not.
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Rather than embracing decentralization as a cure-all, policymakers can seek context-sensitive, appropriate institutional reforms according to the problem at hand. For instance, he makes a case for centralizing taxation alongside more distributed decisions about expenditures. Some forms of infrastructure lend themselves well to local or private control, while others require more centralized institutions.
being more specific about what is centralized and what is decentralized
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When centralization arises elsewhere in an apparently decentralized system, it comes as a surprise or simply goes ignored.Here are some traces of the persistent pattern that I’m talking about:
Examples of centralization within decentralized systems.
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Decentralization is the new disruption
Exploring decentralization today.
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This is Colony.A platform foropen organizations.
a platform for cooperative open communities
Tags
Annotators
URL
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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THE DANGERS OF DECENTRALIZATION
referred to by Nathan Schneider's "What to do once you admit that decentralizing everything never seems to work".
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www.denizcemonduygu.com www.denizcemonduygu.com
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Inventive interactive history of philosophy linking quotes/ideas from various thinkers. No Deleuze!?
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- Oct 2018
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opencontent.org opencontent.org
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Consequently, the SA condition does not apply to your contributions to modified works including these kinds of changes.
Examples would really help. I can't imagine a scenario where anyone would care about this. As was pointed out in the comments, making minor corrections to a CC BY-SA work would not enable anyone to reshare that entire work with corrections under a new license. So the case here is if someone wanted to share minor corrections to a work independently of the work itself and license those minor corrections differently? For example: Here are my typo corrections to a published work, outside of the context of that published work? Example please...
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In other words, the CC licenses (all of which include the BY condition) enable the creator of a work to prohibit you from attributing them. However, except in the extremely rare cases where the creator explicitly prohibits you from attributing them, you are always required to attribute the creator of a work shared under a CC BY license.
Except for the semi-famous case of the open resources collected in lardbucket, how often does this example appear in the wild?
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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Leveraging Technology to Create Social Readers
Read annotations on "Leveraging Technology to Create Social Readers" in EDUCAUSE Review. Sign up or log in above to add your own annotations and replies.
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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Horizon Report 2018 Higher Education Edition
Read annotations on the Horizon Report: 2018 Higher Education Edition from EDUCAUSE. Sign up or log in above to add your own annotations and replies.
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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NGDLE
NGDLE stands for "next generation digital learning environment". Also see ELI's 2015 companion post: 7 Things You Should Know About NGDLE.
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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NGDLE
NGDLE stands for "next generation digital learning environment". Also see ELI's 2018 companion post: 7 Things You Should Read About NGDLE.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Latour’s description of the earth in the Anthropocene as “an active, local, limited, sensitive, fragile, trembling and easily irritated envelope.”
Poetic description of the CZO
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most recently in Scienc
Possibly Gaia 2.0 By Timothy M. Lenton, Bruno Latour Science14 Sep 2018 : 1066-1068 Could humans add some level of self-awareness to Earth's self-regulation?
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Latour realized he was witnessing the beginnings a seismic rhetorical shift: from scientists appealing to transcendent, capital-T Truth to touting the robust networks through which truth is, and has always been, established
Shift in rhetoric to the social production of truth
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In that sense, there is no outside anymore
connect to the intertwined effects of macro and quantum entities
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science was social because it brought together a multitude of human and nonhuman entities and harnessed their collective power to act on and transform the world
The social life of science
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to wonder what it would look like to study scientific knowledge not as a cognitive process but as an embodied cultural practice enabled by instruments, machinery and specific historical conditions
As it always should be
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possibly overstating the reach of French theory
Possibly?
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Those who worried that Latour’s early work was opening a Pandora’s box may feel that their fears have been more than borne out
And yet, who has demonstrated that post-truth emanated from critical theory in academia? How was it transmitted to the Trumpian base?
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Bruno Latour, the Post-Truth Philosopher, Mounts a Defense of Science
Latour on science and truth.
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At a meeting between French industrialists and a climatologist a few years ago, Latour was struck when he heard the scientist defend his results not on the basis of the unimpeachable authority of science but by laying out to his audience his manufacturing secrets: “the large number of researchers involved in climate analysis, the complex system for verifying data, the articles and reports, the principle of peer evaluation, the vast network of weather stations, floating weather buoys, satellites and computers that ensure the flow of information.” The climate denialists, by contrast, the scientist said, had none of this institutional architecture. Latour realized he was witnessing the beginnings a seismic rhetorical shift: from scientists appealing to transcendent, capital-T Truth to touting the robust networks through which truth is, and has always been, established.
A paradigm shift in the rhetoric of science, from metanarratives of truth to the mechanics of truth manufacture.
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www.educause.edu www.educause.edu
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Meanwhile, IT organizations are often defined by what's necessary rather than what's possible, and the cumulative weight of an increasingly complex communications infrastructure weighs ever heavier.
In the middle of a deeper exploration of the 2014 edtech landscape.
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In our main article, we argue that those of us in higher education, rather than offloading our vision to venture capital-inspired "solutions" for education, should be using open architecture, through open-source applications, to reinvest in creative people, processes, and possibilities-that is, to reclaim innovation.
A call for and examples of opening knowledge practices.
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www.educause.edu www.educause.edu
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I imagine it is possible that personalized and adaptive learning could well preserve that which is sacred in the faculty-student relationship, freeing faculty to focus on what matters most. After all, what I cherish most about the colleges and universities I have attended are the human connections.
This seems like what everyone who values the human connections in education wants — and promotes as a healthy outcome of technology-enhanced learning — but do we have any evidence that this hope is borne out? It seems that most technology interventions in education are happening in an environment where there are also strong forces working to reduce the costs — especially labor costs — and so machines are most often displacing human connections rather than freeing up time for more.
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Growing up as an immigrant to this world of technology-enabled possibility filled me with a sense of endless wonder that may come less easily to natives.
The idea that a "digital immigrant" may have a more positive relationship with digital technology than a "digital native".
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practices.learningaccelerator.org practices.learningaccelerator.org
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Tool: Knoster Model for Managing Complex Change
A framework for change management.
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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Can Education Keep Up with Technology?
Workforce-readiness focused compendium of how edtech innovations align with preparing students for jobs.
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biopub.hypothes.is biopub.hypothes.isBioPub2
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E. coli
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Global protein acetylation
See for example "Lysine Acetylation Targets Protein Complexes and Co-Regulates Major Cellular Functions" by Chunaram Choudhary, Chanchal Kumar, Florian Gnad, Michael L. Nielsen, Michael Rehman, Tobias C. Walther, Jesper V. Olsen, Matthias Mann, Science, 14 Aug 2009, which demonstrates that "the regulatory scope of lysine acetylation is broad and comparable with that of other major posttranslational modifications".
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mfeldstein.com mfeldstein.com
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More recently, Brad and University of Michigan's Dean of Libraries James Hilton codified what they consider to be the contrasts between open source and Community Source in their essay "The Marketecture of Community," and which Brad elaborates on in his piece "Speeding Up On Curves." They represent different models of procuring software in a two-by-two matrix, where the dimensions are "authority" and "influence":
authority and influence in dimensions in procurement of proprietary and commercial educational technology
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Caption, Subtitle and Translate Video
Amara: the nonprofit transcription service.
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digciz.org digciz.org
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Data has value; what do we owe students when we collect their data?
It would behoove us to be clear about all the "we"s that collect student data: from teachers, to depts, to institutions, to software vendors, to accreditors, to govt agencies, to third parties that harvest data from these other "we"s. Perhaps our first duty is to help students understand the constellation of data collection and sharing they (and we all) participate in, so they can start understanding and be better prepared to make informed choices.
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www.insidehighered.com www.insidehighered.com
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Lastly, professors need to fight for a post-LMS world that allows all faculty to make a living wage. I can’t help but suspect that at least some of the administrative fondness for learning management systems stems from a desire to systematize teaching and deskill professors as part of that process. When everything about teaching online is systematized and deskilled, it becomes easier to train anyone, anywhere to teach our courses.
This is, I think, the core of the issue. All the worthy things the author calls for are not practical in a world where there aren't faculty positions with enough time and resources to make them work. The LMS is less about delivering online education than it is about delivering education in general in a controlled system with boundaries that helps make it easier to deliver without trained faculty with time on their hands.
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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Success through Collaboration: Establishing a Stakeholder-Driven Governance Process
A stakeholder-based IT governance and management strategy.
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elephantinthelab.org elephantinthelab.org
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Do we need an Open Science coalition?
Jon Tennant thinks through an important question.
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- Sep 2018
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www.irrodl.org www.irrodl.org
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One concrete example of combining constructionism and openness into OER-enabled pedagogy is Wiley's (2013) notion of "renewable assignments," which he contrasts with "disposable assignments."
I don't see "renewable assignments" mentioned in Wiley's 2013 work.
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We define OER-enabled pedagogy as the set of teaching and learning practices that are only possible or practical in the context of the 5R permissions which are characteristic of OER.
Definition of "OER-enabled pedagogy".
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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Digital Transformation: What Is It?
Digital transformation in EDU.
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bookbook.pubpub.org bookbook.pubpub.org
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Advancement occurs as a reward for connectedness and usefulness, not for elite recognition.
Change the metric of EDU success from excellence to connectedness and usefulness.
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Open knowledge institutions of higher learning foreground and prioritise the constituent communities that their students, alumni, faculty, staff, administrators, partners and collaborators both comprise and promote.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Political and technological dislocation have fed off each other since the nation’s founding. Now they are dangerously out of whack.
The underlying premise is that there used to be a balance between tech innovation and political response in the USA, but since Reagan, there has not.
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I believe a model where commercial providers develop and maintain open scholarly communications infrastructure requires four basic principles of openness: Open Source, Open Data, Open Integrations, and Open Contracts.
Hindawi CEO lays out the four elements he sees as key to proprietary companies participating effectively in building and providing infrastructure to support open science.
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about.hindawi.com about.hindawi.com
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The plan, which was initiated by Robert Jan Smits, the Open Access Envoy of the European Commission, outlines 10 principles, which can be distilled into four essential actions:
A summary of Plan S, the European plan to support open access publishing.
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www.orfg.org www.orfg.org
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Stakeholder FAQs
FAQs on open access policies from the Open Research Funders Group.
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Open education resources and perceptions of financial value
OER and cost perceptions.
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www.nationalreview.com www.nationalreview.com
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Are We Setting a Generation Up for Failure? Part II
Also see Part I of this interview with Jonathan Haidt.
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www.nationalreview.com www.nationalreview.com
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Are We Setting a Generation Up for Failure? Part 1
Also see Part II of this interview with Jonathan Haidt.
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catalog.northeastern.edu catalog.northeastern.edu
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The College of Social Sciences and Humanities is a leader in the experiential liberal arts.
Outline of experiential education requirements at a specific university.
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www.chronicle.com www.chronicle.com
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The Promise of the Experiential Liberal Arts
Argues for integrating experiential education into liberal arts, and experiential liberal arts into every discipline to advance "soft skills".
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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Between publishers' higher costs of textbooks and students' struggle with large amounts of reading materials, getting students to both access and engage more deeply with texts is a challenge.
Two challenges that #OER and #annotation together can provide infrastructure to help solve: the high cost of learning materials and engaging teachers and learners in social reading, discussion and analysis.
Issues to solve: both OER and annotation don't require digital reading, but are both made more powerful through it. Yet technology access and reading preferences don't always support to digital reading.
Solution: Explore online and offline, digital and print experiments in OER and annotation/social reading.
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- Aug 2018
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most of all, re-establishes education as a force for equity and social mobility — and I think open licensing is a crucial piece of that equation.I’m not content, though, with open licensing being the extent of our vision, and I hope many others feel the same way.
Amen: open licensing as key infrastructure in improving public education rather than an end in itself!
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Collaboration started during April, 2018.
Inception date for the Joint Roadmap for Open Science Tools.
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levels.patreon.com levels.patreon.com
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Patreon Engineering Levels
Engineering focus, but a very detailed rubric of how to rank different personnel levels. Could maybe be generalized/adapted for other fields.
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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Facebook is rating the trustworthiness of its users on a scale from zero to 1
See also my tweet: What I coincidence! Like Facebook, I also measure people's credibility on a scale of zero to one, or what I like to think of as a scale of Pinocchio to Cassandra. It would be cool to hear what @marshallk @holden and @vgr think of this:
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twitter.com twitter.com
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insert awesome emoji here
❤️
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twitter.com twitter.com
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emoji-tate
👍🏿❤️
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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Administrators who are charged with the development of open education policy may not fully understand the opportunities inherent in OER and OEP, partic-ularly for learners.
The other key area of alignment: with learners.
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Open Education: Policies
Join other folks annotating the full PDFs of @EDUCAUSELI's other two related posts about content and practices in open education:
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They clearly align the open education policy with the university’s mission statement and strategic goals.
Institutional alignment is absolutely critical so the policies can be shaped for the institution and so leadership can provide aligned support.
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ecok.libguides.com ecok.libguides.com
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Open Education: Practices
Join other folks annotating the full PDFs of @EDUCAUSELI's other two related posts about content and policies in open education:
- 7 Things You Should Know About Open Education: Content
- 7 Things You Should Know About Open Education: Policies
While I think this post does a good job of summarizing OEP, I'm disheartened to see the piece shaped so clearly from the perspective that OER is the necessary heart or foundation of OEP. From my POV, OER and open-licensing is a key infrastructural component, but is neither necessary nor sufficient in the larger and more important project to "reconceptualize and improve pedagogy and advance authentic, participatory, engaged learning" that this work rightly champions. Why must OEP always rest so heavily on OER? It's as if we have mistaken tactics for goals.
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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Open Education: Content
Join other folks annotating the full PDFs of @EDUCAUSELI's other two related posts about practices and policies in open education:
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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7 Things You Should Know About Open Education: Policies
Join other folks annotating the full PDFs of @EDUCAUSELI's three related posts about content, practices and policies in open education:
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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7 Things You Should Know About Open Education: Content
Join other folks annotating the full PDFs of @EDUCAUSELI's three related posts about content, practices and policies in open education:
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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7 Things You Should Know About Open Education: Practices
Join other folks annotating the full PDFs of @EDUCAUSELI's three related posts about content, practices and policies in open education:
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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The parable of the farmers and the Teleporting Duplicator
Openaccess parable.
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www.lifewithalacrity.com www.lifewithalacrity.com
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Ten Principles of Self-Sovereign Identity
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a self-elected “rogue” state
A singular description of Facebook.
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Unfortunately, powerful institutions co-opted their efforts and kept them from fully realizing their goals.
Very clear assessment of what happened to OpenID.
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- Jul 2018
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joi.ito.com joi.ito.com
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The Practice of Change Joi's Keio University Graduate School of Media and Governance PhD Dissertation.
Joi Ito's dissertation, openly licensed CC BY.
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edscoop.com edscoop.com
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Commentary: At Lansing Community College in Michigan, OER has been transformative. The college's librarian describes what it will take to make OER work long-term.
Regina Gong outlines the OER program at Lansing Community College.
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www.federalregister.gov www.federalregister.gov
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Applications for New Awards; Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education-Open Textbooks Pilot Program
FIPSE grants for OER textbooks.
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teachtogether.tech teachtogether.tech
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Teaching Tech Together
Resources to help design/conduct effective teaching about technology.
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coherence.clir.org coherence.clir.org
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The Committee on Coherence at Scale, sponsored by CLIR, analyzes emerging national-scale digital projects and their potential to help transform higher education in terms of scholarly productivity, teaching, cost-efficiency, and sustainability.
Dormant (?) group focused on infrastructure from the POV of EDUs and libraries.
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ecok.libguides.com ecok.libguides.com
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Embodying a commitment to learner-driven education, OEP involves students in “active, constructive engagement with [open] content, tools and services in the learning process” in ways designed to help promote learners’ self-management, cre-ativity, and ability to work in teams.
The editorial addition of "[open]" in this quote betrays what seems like an underlying bias in this work: that open educational PRACTICES require and are always based on open educational RESOURCES. Hence the move to changing OEP to "OER-enabled pedagogy" below. I would argue that yes, there is a deep connection between OEP and OER, that OEP benefits from using OER, but that OEP is possible without OER. And unlike, Abruzzi's story, one might just as easily start from an OEP experience and eventually come to use OER as a part of it.
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OEP provide the architecture and philosophical underpin-ning for fulfilling the promise of using OER to expand collabora-tive, inclusive, accessible, and active learning and related pedagogy.
Again, this makes it seem like OEP is solely an outgrowth of OER, when I would argue that "expanding collaborative, inclusive, accessible, and active learning" is a primary goal that may or may not engage OER.
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A key tenet is the positioning of the learner as a central, active player in the learning experience.
Agreed. And this tenet is far more important that the copyright status of the materials involved.
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Going forward, practitioners and researchers envision that the focus around OEP will evolve from a relatively narrow emphasis on development, revising, and distribution of OER to further development of related practices, architectures, principles, and policies
This imagines that current OEP activities are more focused on OER than may in fact be the case.
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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an institutional rather than a user focus
This is key: Desires to use portfolios in institutional/program assessment practices are part of what has made them cumbersome. Portfolio use in programs that emphasized their value for students and learning have always been the best examples in my opinion (eg, Portland State, LaGuardia CC, Clemson), even if they also use them in institutional/program assessment too.
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e-portfolios did not become the standard form of assessment as proposed
Agreed, and yet I still believe that portfolios are a powerful part of what some call "authentic" assessment practices.
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for many students owning their own domain and blog remains a better route to establishing a lifelong digital identity
DoOO is definitely a great goal, especially if it is viewed in part as a portfolio activity, so people use their domains to build up a lifelong portfolio. What seems key is having the right supports in place to help people and institutions reach such goals not only technically, but most importantly, as a set of practices integrated into their personal and institutional workflows.
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e-portfolios
FWIW, I think the eportfolio community coalesced around not using a hyphen or capital P in the term. Some prefer to just talk about "portfolios", reasoning that the "electronic" part was not a necessary ingredient and probably should be updated to "digital" regardless.
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What has changed, what remains the same, and what general patterns can be discerned from the past twenty years in the fast-changing field of edtech?
Join me in annotating @mweller's thoughtful exercise at thinking through the last 20 years of edtech. Given Martin's acknowledgements of the caveats of such an exercise, how can we augment this list to tell an even richer story?
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2008: E-Portfolios
My first entry into edtech was in eportfolios, back in 2004 when I was at Portland State University. PSU was probably an early adopter of eportfolios, so 2008 may be the right year to put them in as a wider focus.
Tags
- ai
- 2ndlife
- elearning
- 20yearsofedtech
- virtualworlds
- video
- assessment
- digitalliteracies
- analytics
- blogs
- wikis
- edtech
- standards
- educause
- badges
- blockchain
- web20
- ple
- lms
- authenticlearning
- connectivism
- ope
- mweller
- eportfolios
- opentextbooks
- authenticassessment
- socialmedia
- oer
- learningobjects
- accreditation
- moocs
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- Jun 2018
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StoryEngine is way to listen to, support, and create with the people who matter most to an organization or a cause. It can be used to do research, to monitor or evaluate a program, to generate learning, or facilitate grant reporting. StoryEngine is based in-depth interviews that get transformed into stories. These stories are assets — for communications, advocacy, and more — as well as data. Together the stories create larger dataset that can analyzed to surface insights and learning that inform decision-making.
StoryEngine qualitative methodology.
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library.educause.edu library.educause.edu
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This report provides institutional leaders with a better understanding of the IT experiences and needs of their faculty who engage in research or seek to expand their research capabilities.
EDU research technology needs
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er.educause.edu er.educause.edu
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3 Strategies for Overcoming Faculty Resistance to Active Learning Techniques
short list of good small and medium sized strategies to engage students in active learning
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hybridpedagogy.org hybridpedagogy.org
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Building Blocks
The four building blocks in "architecting educator learning": ignorance, partnerships, open infrastructure, boundary crossing.
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