116 Matching Annotations
  1. Jun 2025
    1. every layer of the modern computing landscape has been built upon the assumption that users are passive recipients rather than active co-creators. What we need instead are computing systems that invite every user to gradually become a creator.

      Is "creator" the right word here? There's lots of software that falls outside of what is the subject of this paper that enables creators. Indeed, it has been a common refrain in criticisms of the FOSS movement that for the types of software that creatives need and/or simply desire to use the proprietary apps tend to have no equals.

  2. May 2025
    1. To dig deep on this though, .gitignore isn't a standard. It's a well documented and familiar syntax from a specific, widely adopted, tool. Maybe we can even pretend the git implementation is a reference implementation too. There's no spec though and, importantly, it isn't considered a standard by the git maintainers themselves. That's why I kept calling it a quasi-standard in my original post.
    1. Software does not need dusting, waxing, or cleaning.  It often does have faults that do need attention, but this is not maintenance, but repair.  Repair is fixing something that has been broken by tinkering with it, or something that has been broken all along.  Conversely, as the environment around software changes, energy must be expended to keep it current.  This is not maintenance; holding steady to prevent decline.
  3. Sep 2024
  4. Aug 2024
    1. I have it too, and I'm not a fan. it only contains imperial bits. So you can't use it on any brand from the European mainland, that have metric screws. They break when you over torque them, instead of the screw. That's good with very old machines. What is bad us that they only provide one of the smallest bit which is most prone to breaking. And also I have many typewriters with even thinner slots on the slotted screws. the bit holder is very fat, making it very difficult to use in narrow spaces. And typewriters have a lot of those. You're better off with a gunsmithing set from Wheeler or Weaver. This is the one I ended up buying: https://www.weaveroptics.com/gunsmithing-tools/driver-and-hammer-sets/multi-bit-tool-kit/WV-849718.html

      via u/Private_Bonkers

      the cons of the Chapman 0623 screwdriver set for typewriter repair

    1. Monopoly is not played on a cartesian plane. It's played on a directed circular graph. Therefore, it is inappropriate to use the Euclidean distance metric to compare the distances between places on the board. We must instead use minimum path lengths. Example: If we used Euclidean distance, then you would have to agree that the distance between, say, Go and Jail is equal to the distance between the Short Line and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Clearly, this is not the intention. In your example, the "nearest railroad" would be the railroad square having the shortest path from wherever you stand. With the game board representing a directed graph, there are no "backwards" paths. Thus, the distance from the pink Chance square to the Reading railroad is not 2. It's 38.
  5. Mar 2024
    1. The development of the card system and itsmore universal adoption within recent years isundoubtedly due in the mail to the development in modernbusiness and factory organisation ; it may be regarded as anoffspring of manufacture in quantities. (Massenfabrikation, Gross-industrie.) The recognised principle in manufacture in quantities ismaximum of output with minimum of labour. The means to attainthis end is specialisation, which in its turn yields greater precisionand accuracy as it^ result. All this is equally applicable to thecard system, and the last factor, greater precision and accuracy,is one of its most conspicuous claims.

      Julius Kaiser contemporaneously posits that mass manufacture and maximizing efficiency (greater output for minimum input) are the primary drivers of card index system use in the early 20th century. These also improve both precision and accuracy in handling information which allow for better company or factory operation, which would have been rising concerns for businesses and manufacturing operations at the rise of scientific management during the time period.

  6. Feb 2024
  7. Dec 2023
  8. Oct 2023
  9. Sep 2023
    1. If IFS is unset, or its value is exactly <space><tab><newline>, the default, then any sequence of IFS characters serves to delimit words. If IFS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters space and tab are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is in the value of IFS (an IFS whitespace character). Any character in IFS that is not IFS whitespace, along with any adjacent IFS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IFS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IFS is null, no word splitting occurs.
  10. Jul 2023
    1. Browser-based interfaces are slow, clumsy, and require you to be online just to use them

      Nope (re: offline). You're confusing "browser-based" and "Web-based" (sort of the way people confuse statically typed" versus strongly typed*). They're different. You can have a fully offline browser-based interface. Most common browsers are every bit as amenable as being used as simple document viewers as Preview.app or Microsoft Word is. The browser's native file format is just a different sort—not DOCX, and not PDF (although lots of browsers can do PDF, too; you can't write apps in PDF, though—at least not in the subset supported by typical browsers). Instead of Office macros written in VBA, browsers support scripting offline documents in JS just like online documents. You can run your offline programs using the browser runtime, unless they're written to expect otherwise.

  11. Jun 2023
  12. Dec 2022
    1. but

      Si nous restons fidèle au titre de cette sous-partie, la préférence accordée aux logiciels libres ne concerne pas que l'interopérabilité. L'enjeu principal est de garder la possibilité de décrire une vision du monde particulière. Celle-ci passe par l'agencement de l'espace numérique, plus facileemnt aménageable du côté des logiciels libres que des logiciels propriétaires.

      Un logiciel propriétaire est par définition fermé : il impose sa vision du monde et l'utilisateur ne peut pas modifier cette dimension là.

    2. Numérisation des archives papier et limites de la reconnaissance optique des caractères (OCR)

      Très bien.

      Attention à ne pas aller trop vite ! Le terme "limite" utilisé dans un titre sous-entend que vous émettez des réserves sur les technologies d'OCR. Ce sont des technologies très récentes (seulement quelques années) sur lesquelles nous avons peu de recul... Oui il y a des limites à pointer, mais ce sont des technologies qui évoluent très rapidement !

    3. Je ne tiendrai pas compte non plus de l’aspect législatif de l’accessibilité, la protection des renseignements personnels par exemple.

      C'est bien de le préciser. Toutefois, ne pas traiter cette question ne veut pas dire qu'il ne faut pas en tenir compte !

  13. Nov 2022
    1. Justice Felix Frankfurter,a prolific writer as a Harvard lawprofessor before joining the SupremeCourt, was right that “[a]nything thatis written may present a problem ofmeaning” because words “seldomattain[] more than approximate preci-sion.”12

      12 Felix Frankfurter, Some Reflections On the Reading of Statutes, 47 CoLUm . L. rev. 527, 528 (1947), reprinting Felix Frankfurter, Sixth Annual Benjamin N. Cardozo Lecture, 2 Rec. Bar Ass'n City of N.Y. (No. 6, 1947).

    2. Guy de Maupassant, was no lawyer,but his advice can help guide lawyerswho seek precision in their writing.“Whatever you want to say,” he assert-ed, “there is only one word to expressit, only one verb to give it movement,only one adjective to qualify it. Youmust search for that word, that verb,that adjective, and never be contentwith an approximation, never resortto tricks, even clever ones, and neverhave recourse to verbal sleight-of-hand to avoid a difficulty.”11

      11 Guy de Maupassant, Selected Short Sto- ries 10-11 (Roger Colet ed., 1971) (Maupassant quoting French writer Gustave Flaubert).

  14. Oct 2022
    1. @1:10:20

      With HTML you have, broadly speaking, an experience and you have content and CSS and a browser and a server and it all comes together at a particular moment in time, and the end user sitting at a desktop or holding their phone they get to see something. That includes dynamic content, or an ad was served, or whatever it is—it's an experience. PDF on the otherhand is a record. It persists, and I can share it with you. I can deliver it to you [...]

      NB: I agree with the distinction being made here, but I disagree that the former description is inherent to HTML. It's not inherent to anything, really, so much as it is emergent—the result of people acting as if they're dealing in live systems when they shouldn't.

  15. Sep 2022
    1. However, while URLs allow you to locate a resource, a URI simply identifies a resource. This means that a URI is not necessarily intended as an address to get a resource. It is meant just as an identifier.

      However, while URLs allow you to locate a resource, a URI simply identifies a resource.

      Very untrue/misleading! It doesn't simply (only) identify it. It includes URLs, so a URI may be a locator, a name, or both!

      https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986 states it better and perfectly:

      A URI can be further classified as a locator, a name, or both. The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").

      This means that a URI is not necessarily intended as an address to get a resource. It is meant just as an identifier.

      The "is not necessarily" part is correct. The "is meant" part is incorrect; shoudl be "may only be meant as".

  16. Aug 2022
  17. Jul 2022
    1. The trouble with redefining "REST" to mean "not REST" is that the first step in learning known techniques to solve a problem is learning the terminology that people use to explain the techniques. If you think you know the terminology, but you have the wrong definition in your mind, you will not be able to understand the explanations, and you will not be able to figure out why you can't understand them, until you finally figure out that the definition you learned was wrong.
  18. May 2022
  19. Apr 2022
    1. Les conséquences prévisibles renvoient ici aux atteintes aux droits d’auteurs qui caractérisent la « représentation publique » sur le web de documents sous droit acquis à titre privé et constituent le cadre qui régit les évolutions du groupe au fur et à mesure que le nombre de ses membres et que le volume de ses activités s’accroissent.

      Il est peut-être nécessaire ici de bien rappeler la solution de partage et son éventuel caractère illégal pour comprendre les "conséquences prévisibles". Le texte détaille bien la situation et le problème, mais passe très vite sur la solution trouvée et ses modalités (le partage de pair à pair de documents sous droits). "L'atteinte au droits d'auteurs" arrivent alors un peu abruptement.

  20. Feb 2022
  21. Jun 2021
  22. May 2021
    1. Ira, still wearing a mask, Hyman. (2020, November 26). @SciBeh @Quayle @STWorg @jayvanbavel @UlliEcker @philipplenz6 @AnaSKozyreva @johnfocook Some might argue the moral dilemma is between choosing what is seen as good for society (limiting spread of disinformation that harms people) and allowing people freedom of choice to say and see what they want. I’m on the side of making good for society decisions. [Tweet]. @ira_hyman. https://twitter.com/ira_hyman/status/1331992594130235393

  23. Apr 2021
  24. Mar 2021
    1. It's a pet peeve, but I wish that people would stop describing their HTTP RPC APIs using the term "REST".

      The only solution is probably to advocate for moving away from "REST" entirely—for all parties. Mend the discord by coining two new terms and clearly articulate the two meanings that should be attached to them.

      ("Indian" is another word like this, but that did not get fully deprecated. This is resulted in lots of confusion. "'Indian'? Like Native Americans?" "No, Indian as in 'from India'" "Oh, all right." A similar thing is happening with "open source".)

      This probably involves making the terms (or at least one of them—so long as it's the right one) somewhat cool. Maybe the non-REST term should be AROH (pronounced like "arrow") for "Application RPC Over HTTP".

  25. Feb 2021
  26. Dec 2020
  27. Nov 2020
    1. the adjective strong or the adverb strongly may be added to a mathematical notion to indicate a related stronger notion; for example, a strong antichain is an antichain satisfying certain additional conditions, and likewise a strongly regular graph is a regular graph meeting stronger conditions. When used in this way, the stronger notion (such as "strong antichain") is a technical term with a precisely defined meaning; the nature of the extra conditions cannot be derived from the definition of the weaker notion (such as "antichain")
  28. Sep 2020
  29. Aug 2020
  30. Jun 2020
  31. May 2020
    1. Ericsson claims (2016, p. 98) that there is no deliberate practice possible for knowledge work because there are no objective criteria (so, poor feedback), because the skills aren’t clearly defined, and because techniques for focused skill improvement in these domains aren’t known.

      According to Ericsson deliberate practice for knowledge work is not possible because the criteria are not objective (you don't know if you're doing well).

      This collides with Dr. Sönke Ahrens' contention that note taking, specifically elaboration, instantiates two feedback loop. One feedback loop in that you can see whether you're capturing the essence of what you're trying to make a note on and a second feedback loop in that you can see whether your note is not only an accurate description of the original idea, but also a complete one.

      Put differently, note taking instantiates two feedback loops. One for precision and one for recall.

  32. Apr 2020
    1. In mainstream press, the word "hacker" is often used to refer to a malicious security cracker. There is a classic definition of the term "hacker", arising from its first documented uses related to information technologies at MIT, that is at odds with the way the term is usually used by journalists. The inheritors of the technical tradition of the word "hacker" as it was used at MIT sometimes take offense at the sloppy use of the term by journalists and others who are influenced by journalistic inaccuracy.
    1. se révèle à nous épuisée devant les changements économiques, politiques et sociaux qu’elle a elle-même engendrés

      j'expliciterai en quoi elle est épuisée, des exemples rapides après l'ouverture de deux points.

  33. Oct 2017
  34. May 2017
    1. Precision: It is a measure of correctness achieved in positive prediction i.e. of observations labeled as positive, how many are actually labeled positive. Precision = TP / (TP + FP) Recall: It is a measure of actual observations which are labeled (predicted) correctly i.e. how many observations of positive class are labeled correctly. It is also known as ‘Sensitivity’. Recall = TP / (TP + FN)

      Example: In cancer research you may want higher recall, Since you want all actual positive observations to classified as True Positive. A lower Precision maybe alright because some healthy people classified as cancerous can be rectified later.

  35. Apr 2017
    1. The Administration could also exercise its regulatory authority—most potently, to direct the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to allow reimbursement for molecular profiling of cancers

      Perhaps the most important measure to keep precision medicine initiate alive. Surge in risk and treatment response prediction in genomic assays is of little value without practical means of affordable molecular profiling of a patient's tumor or more importantly, pre-diagnosis genomic screen.

  36. Aug 2016
    1. qRT-PCR

      qRT-PCR cannot show transcription termination: all it can do is verify the RNAseq data, i.e., more relatively more transcription upstream of an active CGI compared to transcription across the CGI. It is important to be precise about what qRT-PCR can and cannot do.

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