Carbon Paper Duplication<br /> by [[OrcaType]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2025-10-16T09:17:15

Benefits of wax carbon paper over film-based carbon paper:<br /> - darker printing<br /> - better shelf-life

Benefits of film-based carbon paper over wax carbon paper:<br /> - crumple resistant<br /> - smudge resistant<br /> - sharper text over generations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vy2ht2t4pI

for - youtube - Just have a think - new paper - new metric for measuring emissions - ERF - to - paper - Increased transparency in accounting conventions could benefit climate policy - https://hyp.is/CUcbhF2TEfCn1ieAeq73JA/iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adb7f2 - climate crisis - carbon emissions - agriculture has the highest of all - AgroSphere Technologies - cite this paper

for - AgroSphere Technology key research paper - carbon emissions - paper claims agriculture is the highest summary - The paper cited here is very important for AgroSphere Technology because - It shows how critical a role regenerative agriculture plays in mitigating the climate crisis - The claim of the paper is that carbon emissions from Agriculture are the biggest emissions of all

for - post - LinkedIn - Glenn - post - LinkedIn- Carbon Credits - ecological prostitution - metaphor - carbon credits - obese people - quote - carbon credits like obese people overconsuming without feeling guilty - Offsetting with carbon credits is morally equivalent to - obese people hiring someone else to go on a diet for them or even - demanding that people in countries suffering from food-insecurity reduce their food intake - so that obese people can continue to overconsume without feeling guilty. - It resembles the colonial hoax of “paying” the poor to clean up the mess they cause.- Glenn Sankatsing

for - post - LinkedIn - Glenn - post - LinkedIn - Carbon Credits - ecological prostitution - metaphor carbon credit - obese people

for - from - youtube - Just have a think - A controversial new paper challenges established emissions accounting criteria - https://hyp.is/9AQ6VF2SEfCsW8_68Y6AUA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9f16OTL1Lg - climate crisis - ERF - agriculture 60% - fossil fuels 18% - agriculture is the biggest contributor to carbon emissions summary - This paper uses Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) as a metric to measure global carbon emissions instead of the traditional Global Warming Potential (GWP) - It points out the problematic nature of GWP and how ERF provides a more accurate picture - Using ERF, the most surprising result of this study is that agriculture is the leading sector causing global warming - Measured from a baseline of emissions since 1750, - agriculture contributes 60% while - fossil fuels contributes 18% - Projects like Project Drawdown already prioritize agriculture, this gives even more validation and priority on transforming the agricultural sector - This also increases importance on efforts in: - regenerative farming - bioreginalism - permaculture - agroforestry - rewilding

for - key insight - GHG accounting - gross carbon accounting - count old growth deforestation as new carbon emissions - just like exposing millions-of-years-old fossil fuels

Around The Office - Hard to Find Office Supplies

Typing Skills: Fields of Typing. 16 mm, Instructional film. Periscope Film, 1972. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvF0atKsggY.

Typing Skills: Fields of Typing <br /> Coronet Instructional Films, a division of Esquire, Inc., 1972<br /> Lawrence W. Erickson, Ed.D. Professor of Education, University of California, Los Angeles<br /> Production: Coronet Films and Creative Establishment, Inc.<br /> Director and Writer: Don B. Klugman<br /> Photography Robert Flaxman<br /> Editing: Barbara Kaplan

Periscope Film XD72104 archived at https://stock.periscopefilm.com/xd72104-typing-skills-fields-of-typing-1972-typewriter-based-careers-educational-film/

Alternate version at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMmsE6GMIR8

Warm ups of fingers

Rules of good typing - concentrate on the copy

Typewriters in the piece: <br /> - Olivett editor 5<br /> - Others...

• copy typing - types material already written or typed
• setting margins
• centering letters on page
• formatting and spacing
• double spacing with wide margins
• editor's marks

Backspace from center method for setting tab stops

Uses for typewriters:<br /> - check writing - billing - chain feeding - financial records and reports - filling in forms - carbon copies

index and file cards - inserted into a pleated page which may have lines.

for - adjacency - fine dining - inequality - high carbon - fine dining is inherently based upon inequality and has a high carbon footprint

Am 14.05.2025 zeigte eine französische Studie mit 15.000 Teilnehmern, dass Männer 26 % mehr Treibhausgase ausstoßen als Frauen, hauptsächlich durch höheren Fleischkonsum und Autonutzung. Nach Kontrolle sozioökonomischer Faktoren beträgt der Unterschied 18 %. Der Konsum von rotem Fleisch und das Autofahren erklären fast den gesamten verbleibenden Unterschied von 6,5-9,5 %. Traditionelle Geschlechternormen, die Männlichkeit mit Fleischkonsum und Autofahren verbinden, spielen eine bedeutende Rolle. Frauen zeigen mehr Besorgnis über die Klimakrise, was zu klimafreundlicherem Verhalten führen könnte. [Zusammenfassung mit Mistral generiert] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/may/14/car-use-and-meat-consumption-drive-emissions-gender-gap-research-suggests

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/une-etude-attribue-la-majorite-des-vagues-de-chaleur-et-secheresses-extremes-aux-10-les-plus-riches-20250507_6MJB3JEG6VDA7KZTB5MYR4LL6Y/

https://taz.de/Wohlstand-erzeugt-Erderhitzung/!6086888/

https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/570944/repsol-harbour-most-aligned-with-paris-agreement/

https://carbontracker.org/reports/paris-maligned-iii/

Nur 36 Firmen waren 2023 für über die Hälfte der weltweit ausgestoßenen Treibhausgase verantwortlich. Das ergibt eine Analyse der Daten in der Carbon Majors Database. Die meisten der 169 in dieser Datenbank erhaltenen Firmen haben im Jahr 2023, dem damals heißesten Jahr der Weltgeschichte, ihre Emissionen gesteigert.

Zu den Hauptverschmutzern gehört auch die #Adnoc, deren Anteile an der österreichischen #OMV mit denen des österreichischen Staates syndiziert sind.

Frühere Versionen des von InfluenceMap produzierten Carbon Majors-Bericht spielten bei Prozessen gegen fossile Unternehmen eine wichtige Rolle. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/05/half-of-worlds-co2-emissions-come-from-36-fossil-fuel-firms-study-shows

Carbon Majors 2023 Data Update: https://carbonmajors.org/briefing/The-Carbon-Majors-Database-2023-Update-31397

Der Artikel diskutiert die Notwendigkeit von Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) zur Erreichung der Klimaneutralität. Aktuell werden weltweit etwa 2,2 Gigatonnen CO₂ pro Jahr entnommen, hauptsächlich durch Aufforstung. Neue Technologien wie Direct Air Capture (DAC) sind noch wenig verbreitet, machen nur ein Promille aus. Um die Pariser Klimaziele zu erreichen, müsste die CO₂-Entnahme bis 2050 auf 7 bis 9 Gigatonnen pro Jahr steigen. Deutschland plant, bis 2045 klimaneutral zu werden, und benötigt dafür eine nationale CDR-Strategie. Derzeit kostet die Entnahme einer Tonne CO₂ mit neuen Methoden 100 Mal mehr als die Vermeidung einer Tonne Emissionen. 27 Staaten und die EU haben Vorschläge zur Ausweitung von CDR bis 2050 gemacht. [Zusammenfassung generiert mit Mistral] https://www.zeit.de/wissen/umwelt/2024-06/carbon-dioxide-removal-co2-entnahme-klimaneutralitaet-entwicklung

Drei führende Klimawissenschaftler kritisieren die Illusion der "Net Zero-Politiken", die darauf setzen, das 1,5°-Ziel durch die Entfernung von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre zu erreichen. Sie werfen vielen ihrer KollegInnen vor, unrealistischen Konzepten nicht offen entgegenzutreten, um ihren politischen Einfluss nicht zu verlieren. Sie kritisieren auch die bisherigen Integrated Assessment Models des Weltklimarats, die von der Voraussetzung ausgehen würde, die Klimakatastrophe ließe sich mit marktwirtschaftlichen Mitteln beheben und fordern auf, deutlich zu sagen, dass sich eine Erhitzung der Erde auf 3 und mehr Grad nicht durch kleine Schritte, sondern nur durch einen Bruch mit dem bisherigen Wirtschaftssystem erreichen lässt.

Anstatt uns unseren Zweifeln zu stellen, beschlossen wir Wissenschaftler, immer aufwändigere Fantasiewelten zu konstruieren, in denen wir sicher wären. Der Preis, den wir für unsere Feigheit zahlen mussten: Wir mussten den Mund halten über die immer größer werdende Absurdität der geforderten Kohlendioxid-Entfernung im planetarischen Maßstab.

Greta Thunberg hat diesen Aufsatz als einen wichtigsten und informativsten Texte zur Klima- und ökologischen Krise bezeichnet.

Climate scientists: concept of net zero is a dangerous trap. Thread von Greta dazu auf Twitter: https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1385869663188492290

Eine Studie zeigt, dass das Kraftwerk Drax in North Yorkshire trotz Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) bis in die 2050er Jahre die CO₂-Emissionen erhöhen wird. Die intensive Waldnutzung zur Gewinnung von Holzpellets in den USA reduziert die Kohlenstoffspeicher in Wäldern für mindestens 25 Jahre. Selbst mit CCS-Technologie bleiben die Emissionen über Jahrzehnte hoch, was die Klimakrise verschärft. Kritiker bezweifeln Drax' Behauptung, "klimaneutral" zu sein, und fordern eine Neubewertung der staatlichen Unterstützung für Biomasse-Energie. [Zusammenfassung generiert mit Mistral] https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/nov/04/drax-will-keep-raising-carbon-emission-levels-until-2050s-study-says

Die Studie des Potsdam-Instituts für Klimafolgenforschung zeigt, dass Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) theoretisch bis 2050 jährlich 7,5 Milliarden Tonnen CO₂ entfernen könnte. Allerdings würde dies die planetaren Belastungsgrenzen stark überschreiten, insbesondere in Bezug auf Stickstoffeintrag, Süßwasserverbrauch, Entwaldung und Biosphärenintegrität. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Grenzen reduziert sich das Potenzial auf nur 200 Millionen Tonnen CO₂ jährlich. Die Studie betont die Notwendigkeit, neben der CO₂-Bilanz auch andere ökologische Faktoren zu berücksichtigen und schlägt vor, durch weniger Fleischkonsum Flächen für Klimaplantagen freizumachen. [Zusammenfassung generiert mit Mistral]

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000257365/kein-platz-fuer-klimaplantagen

https://climateuncensored.com/has-global-warming-accelerated-a-short-response-to-hansen-et-al/

https://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/research/oxford-offsetting-principles

for - youtube - carbon inequality - Tax the Rich - Kevin Anderson - wealth2well - Deep Humanity - Deep Education

question - decarbonization - redistribution - is there any research with concrete decarbonization rates that are just across the entire class spectrum?

wealth2wellth - Deep Humanity Wealth2Wellth program advocates Deep education of the elites to voluntarily share their economic and carbon wealth with the 99%

for - Trump tariffs - lowering carbon emissions?

for - report - Action Aid - climate justice - stats - 70% of economic growth of global North - unequal carbon budget

for - adjacency - tariff - substitution - coal for LNG - higher carbon emissions

for - adjacency - higher carbon emissions - made in US

for -adjacency - economic slowdown - carbon emissions - Trump tariffs

for - carbon emission impacts of Trump tariffs

for - climate crisis - impacts of Trump tariffs - carbon emission impacts of Trump tariffs

comment - I'm surprised that not one analyst has commented on the potential slowdown of a possible recession due to lower consumer activity due to the tariffs - Remember the significant lowering of carbon emissions during COVID? - Of course it wouldn't be durable and carbon emissions could rise after Trump and tariffs may no longer be in place but now is a good time to strategize how to decarbonize strategically

Feedback-Mechanismen im Kohlenstoffzyklus könnten dafür sorgen, dass die globale Erhitzung in den kommenden Jahrhunderten noch deutlich stärker ist als bisher angenommen. Nur eine radikale Senkung der CO2-Emissionen der Atmosphäre kann noch bewirken, dass die 2°-Grenze des Pariser-Abkommens eingehalten wird. Das ergibt eine neue Studie des Potsdam Instituts für Klimafolgenforschung zur Klimasensitivität. Mit Klimasensitivität ist die Temperaturerhöhung gemeint zu der es bei einer Verdoppelung des Treibhausgehalts in der Atmosphäre kommt.

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000262699/erderw228rmung-laut-studie-langfristig-wom246glich-intensiver-als-gedacht?ref=entzs1

Studie: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adb6be

for - article - evolution of modernity - article - Resilience - evolution of modernity - author - Richard Heinberg - polycrisis - post carbon institute

Summary - A well thought out overview of hotter outer species arrived at our polycrisis in modernity

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/dereglement-climatique-locean-un-puits-de-carbone-incroyablement-resilient-20250320_XKIOAEGGOZC63GH2JGO5DKHVPI/

for to - Oxfam report - Carbon Inequality kills - https://hyp.is/AwEIYgP2EfCxcWvHdtbEhA/policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/carbon-inequality-kills-why-curbing-the-excessive-emissions-of-an-elite-few-can-621656/

for - carbon inequality - stats - carbon inequality

for - carbon inequality - stats - carbon inequality - 5 months in our carbon budget - if everyone emitted like the top 1% - source - Oxfam - Carbon Inequality kills - 2024

for - carbon inequality - stats - carbon inequality - 2 days of our carbon budget - if everyone emitted transportation emissions of 50 richest billionaires - source - Oxfam - Carbon Inequality kills - 2024

for - carbon inequality - report - Oxfam - carbon inequality kills - 2024 - from - London School of Economics blog - Billionaire plutocrats are driving the climate crisis - https://hyp.is/QOvgOgP1EfCx4Lto0mV-kQ/blogs.lse.ac.uk/inequalities/2024/11/19/billionaire-pollutocrats-are-driving-the-climate-crisis/

for - carbon inequality - from - Christine Wamsler - homepage - Lund University - https://hyp.is/XgmNsgPHEfCBOPszkHcE3Q/www.lucsus.lu.se/christine-wamsler

for - adjacency - recession - carbon emissions

Das britische Climate Change Commitee beschreibt in seinem siebten Carbon Bürger Scenario https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/feb/26/uk-urged-to-act-now-on-net-zero-two-kebabs-worth-of-meat-climate-change-committee

https://issues.fr/lanalyse-des-donnees-a-long-terme-invite-a-repenser-les-differences-regionales-dans-la-sequestration-du-carbone-oceanique/

Tats Artikel zu den Absorthohn CO2 Emissionen durch Privatschätz und Jachten der Superreichen. Durch Privatschätz und Linienflüge verursacht ein Prozent der Menschheit allein 50 Prozent aller Flugemissionen. Die Informationen des Artikels stammen vor allem aus einer Oxfam-Studie vom Oktober und aus einer Studie des deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung. https://taz.de/Klimasuenden-der-Superreichen/!6066360/

for - carbon inequality - Kevin Anderson

Met Office-Analyse: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal/long-range/forecasts/co2-forecast-for-2025

Die Angehörigen des reichsten Prozents der Weltbevölkerung haben bereits in den ersten zehn Tagen dieses Jahrs so viel Emissionen verursacht wie es jedem Menschen 2025 zustehen würde, wenn das 1,5°-Ziel erreicht werden soll. Menachen mit einem Gehalt von über 140.000 USD emittieren in 10 Tagen durchschnittlich 2,1 Tonnen CO2. Die Zahlen ergeben sich aus einer Untersuchung zur Carbon Inequality aus dem Jahr 2023 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/worlds-richest-use-up-their-fair-share-of-2025-carbon-budget-in-10-days

for - climate crisis - impact of Trump tariff strategy - increasing economic and carbon inequality and precarity for the masses - from - Youtube - Trump wants to crash to benefit the ultra wealthy - Trump's planning to crash the global economy - Richard J Murphy - 2024, Dec

// - SUMMARY - Richard J Murphy provides us with a big picture of Trump's objective in his calculated Tariff strategy - It's not that it makes no sense and is a strategy of a madman - On the contrary, he has a very calculated and maniacal strategy that will result in significantly increasing the wealth of the elites - By creating high tariffs, he will bring about a global economic crash - Like the 2008 and 2020 crash, central banks will print trillions of dollars of money and handout bailouts - It is the elites who will receive these bailouts and inflate the value of their assets - This will - substantially increase the wealth of the rich - substantially increase the precarity of the vast majority of people - increase global inequality - financial inequality and - carbon inequality - This increased precarity is bad news for the climate crisis as a precarious population have less flexibility in reducing their carbon footprint and are more dependent than ever on whatever remain job and resources they still have - Given we have this knowledge of the elite's hidden strategy, can we the people intervene in any way? - We need to have an understanding of how elites see the world - The entire worldview of externalizing investment as a game of accumulation must be understood deeply - in order to find leverage points for rapid system change

//

for - study - carbon inequality - A multi-model assessment of inequality and climate change - 2024

for - study - carbon inequality and income inequality, 2024

for - key insight - carbon inequality - the rich individuals of any country - are the ones most responsible for determining the carbon emissions of a country - adjacency - carbon inequality - wealthy - carbon emissions of individuals - carbon emissions of a country

adjacency - between - carbon inequality - wealth inequality - the richest individuals of a country - the carbon emissions of a country - adjacency relationship - It's startling to draw the connection that - it is the wealthiest individuals in a country - that are most responsible for the bulk of a country's emissions!

for - stats - carbon inequality - poorest 50% emit 12% - richest 10% emit 48% - Chancel, 2022

for - climate crisis - climate communications - 2nd framing element - majority of discourse framed around economics of carbon markets - or green growth technological solutions from corporation's - Joe Brewer

Der CO2-Fußabdruck von Reichen und Superreichen wird von diesen selbst wie von.Ärmeren z.T. grotesk unterschätzt, wie eine in vier Ländern.durchgeführte Studie zeigt. So emittiert das reichste Prozent in den USA pro Person und Jahr durchschnittlich 269,3 Tonnen CO2. Sowohl von dieser Gruppe selbst wie von den Menschen der ärmeren Bevölkerungshälfte wird die Menge meist auf nur ca. 30 Tonnen geschätzt. Die Untersuchung ergibt auch, dass die Unterschätzung der carbon inequality mit weniger Unterstützung von Klimapolitik korreliert. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000236252/oekologischer-fussabdruck-von-reichen-wird-drastisch-unterschaetzt

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02130-y

for - question - climate crisis - climate models underestimate warming in some areas up to 4x - what is the REAL carbon budget if adjusted to the real situation?

question - climate crisis - climate models underestimate warming in some areas up to 4x<br /> - What is the REAL carbon budget if adjusted to the real situation? - If we have even less than 5 years remaining in our carbon budget, then how many years do we actually have to stay within 1.5 Deg C?

for - climate crisis - models are underestimating as much as 4x - question - does our current remaining carbon budget of 5 years BAU need to be reduced?

for - youtube - UAB presentation - Remaining Carbon Budget - Kevin Anderson, 2024 - to - paper - Assessing the size and uncertainty of Remaining Carbon Budget (RCB) - Lamboll et al, 2023

to - paper - Assessing the size and uncertainty of Remaining Carbon Budget (RCB) - Lamboll et al, 2023 - https://hyp.is/0OGiIq-6Ee-xlr9v_TU2ZQ/www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01848-5

for - paper - Assessing the size and uncertainty of Remaining Carbon Budget (RCB) - Lamboll et al, 2023 - from - youtube - Climate scientist Kevin Anderson warns: Only 4 years left to stay below 1.5°C without urgent action

from - youtube - Climate scientist Kevin Anderson warns: Only 4 years left to stay below 1.5°C without urgent action - https://hyp.is/u-rKxK-6Ee-TT7OpdMUOTw/www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFDRp-JMf9Q

for - climate crisis - IPCC - working group 3 - Oil companies delay action through fake Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies - We need to act before 2030 - CDR technologies create inaction now when we most need it - Kevin Anderson

for - stats - carbon emissions reduction during covid - decarbonization rate - 17% in early April 2020 and 8.6% average between Jan and Apr 2020 compared to same period in 2019

for - LCA and carbon footprint - McDonough & Braungart - Cradle to Cradle - less bad is not the same as good - Xue & Bakshi, 2022

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/21/donald-trump-science-climate-cop29-carbon-markets

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000245264/top-forscher-keywan-riahi-ueber-oesterreichs-schuld-am-klimawandel

Erklär-Artikel im Guardian über Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) und Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Bei der Verabschiedung der Summary for Policy Makers des letzten Teils des AR6 haben sich vor allem Vertreter Saudi-Arabiens dafür eingesetzt, Hinweise auf CDR und CCS aufzunehmen und Hinweise auf erneuerbare Energien zu streichen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/25/carbon-dioxide-removal-tech-polarising-climate-science

Der Bericht geht von Nachhaltigkeitszielen aus.

Mit CDR könnte tatsächlich ein Paris-kompatibler Weg erreicht werden. Die im Moment vorgesehenen Investitionen sind von den dazu nötigen aber extrem weit entfernt.

Die Nachfrage nach CDR stammt im Augenblick zu einem großen Teil aus freiwilligen Verpflichtungen, carbon removal credits zu erwerben.

Die https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/13/no-sign-of-promised-fossil-fuel-transition-as-emissions-hit-new-high

Global Carbon Budget 2024: https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2024-519/

Presseaussendung zum Global Carbon Budget: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/fossil-fuel-co2-emissions-increase-again-in-2024/

for - progress trap - reducing nitrogen air pollution - reduces soil carbon storage

for - post comment - LinkedIn - suggestion - turn COP into a hybrid event with a maximum carbon emission threshold

iI summary, the worldwide emissions share for the construction of buildings, including both operational emissions and embodied emissions from materials production, is estimated to be around 37% of global CO2 emissions in 2021.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6463

Eine neue Studie bestätigt, dass die Hauptursache des immer schnelleren Anstiegs des Methan-Gehalts der Atmosphäre die Aktivität von Mikroaorganismen ist, die durch die globale Erhitzung zunimmt. Damit handelt es sich um einen Feedback-Mechanismus, durch den sich die globale Erhitzung selbst verstärkt. https://taz.de/Zu-viel-Methan-in-der-Atmosphaere/!6045201/

Studie: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411212121

Vorangehende Studien: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01629-0, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01296-7.epdf?sharing_token=CDMa5-ti34UNBqv3kfuCB9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NZRKXEI-7kyXEEvNI7duu65JLcZpmhGxWTeSfYcMCqxqYk5nUrdR60izmjToMNw56RgBqIcn3JXKxSjx13vmB9ZYndGTUMt-52Vs7HT_T6K9Oth4QFRyP51eOpz8pV8l65HFDo2VSfQ6xDXklMtmvt-HGwltAINb_2xgmtAR-V4g%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=taz.de

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000240651/klima-overshoot-gibt-es-ein-zurueck-nach-15-grad-celsius

Nature-Editorial: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03266-9

Erstmals wurde genau erfasst, welcher Teil der von Waldbränden betroffenen Gebiete sich auf die menschlich verursachte Erhitzung zurückführen lässt. Er wächst seit 20 Jahren deutlich an. Insgesamt kompensieren die auf die Erhitzung zurückgehenden Waldbrände den Rückgang an Bränden durch Entwaldung. Der von Menschen verursachte – und für die Berechnung von Schadensansprüchen relevante – Anteil der CO2-Emissione ist damit deutlich höher als bisher angenommen https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-almost-wipes-out-decline-in-global-area-burned-by-wildfires/

Die CO2-Emissionen durch Waldbrände haben seit 2001 um 60% zugenommen, wie sich aus einer neuen Studie ergibt. Den größten Anteil daran haben die borealen Wälder Kanadas und Sibiriens. Sie gehören zu einem Typ von Wäldern, der besonders schlecht an die globale Erhitzung angepasst ist. Die beobachteten Emissionen durch Waldbrände machen unwahscheinlicher, dass Wälder in Zukunft von Menschen emittiertes CO2 reduzieren können. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/17/climate/carbon-fires-forests-global-warming.html

Studie: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl5889

dry cleaning solvents in 1941 were likely Varsol or Stoddard's Formula.

compare to trichloroethane<br /> https://hypothes.is/a/EyBIAFXAEe-AcP-Atlj_aQ

Note discontinuation of carbon tetrachloride<br /> https://hypothes.is/a/bfdi_I90Ee-OQLN0HpsE7Q

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride or carbon tet is a non-flammable, dense, colorless liquid which was often used as a cleaning agent in the mid 1900s, but was phased out due to safety and environmental concerns. High exposure can affect the central nervous system and cause damage to the liver and kidneys. Prolonged exposure can be fatal.

Glen, John M. (1996). Highlander: No Ordinary School, 2nd ed. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 138.

Finnland hatte sich beim Ziel der CO2-Neutralität 2035 darauf verlassen, dass große Mengen von CO2 von Wäldern, Böden und Feuchtgebieten absorbiert werden. Inzwischen ist das Land dort keine Kohlenstoffsenke mehr. Dazu trägt die globale Erhitzung selbst bei, durch die viele Bäume sterben, aber auch die Abholzung des Waldes. Finnland ist ein Beispiel für die Schwächung der ländlichen Kohlenstoffsenken, von der viele Länder betroffen sind. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/15/finland-emissions-target-forests-peatlands-sinks-absorbing-carbon-aoe

2023 haben Böden und Landpflanzen fast kein CO2 absorbiert. Dieser Kollaps der Landsenken vor allem durch Dürren und Waldbrände wurde in diesem Ausmaß kaum vorausgesehen, und es ist nicht klar, ob auf ihn eine Regeneration folgt. Er stellt Klimamodelle ebenso in Frage wie die meisten nationalen Pläne zum Erreichen von CO2-Neutralität, weil sie auf natürlichen Senken an Land beruhen. Es gibt Anzeichen dafür, dass die steigenden Temperaturen inzwischen auch die CO2-Aufnahmefähigkeit der Meere schwächen. Überblicksartikel mit Links zu Studien https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/14/nature-carbon-sink-collapse-global-heating-models-emissions-targets-evidence-aoe

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/28/climate/canada-wildfires-emissions-carbon.html

Studien: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07878-z

Noch nie ist die CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre so stark gestiegen wie im vergangenen Jahr, nämlich um 3,37 parts per million (PPM). Die Konzentration liegt jetzt bei 422 PPM. Vor allem die sehr geringe CO2-Aufnahme durch Ozean- und Landsenken hat diese Steigerung verursacht https://taz.de/Hiobsbotschaft-fuers-Klima/!6040258/

Viele CO2-Kompensationsgeschäfte mit chinesischen Firmen, die Bestätigungen für angebliche „upstream emission reduction“ anbieten, sind vermutlich betrügerisch. Durch die Anrechnung solcher angeblicher Reduktionen haben österreichische Firmen wie die OMV, Shell Austria und MOL Austria versucht, den vorgeschriebenen Anteil von 13% erneuerbare Energie in ihren Produkten zu erreichen. Die Staatsanwaltschaft hat eine entsprechende Anzeige des österreichischen Klimaschutzministeriums bisher nicht weiter verfolgt, die beweislage ist aber deutlich. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000239520/millionen-betrugsverdacht-rund-um-co2-ausgleichsgeschaefte-mit-china-weitet-sich-aus

for - quote / critique - The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great - Andrew Carnegie

quote / critique - The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great - Andrew Carnegie - Carnegie goes on to write that the great freedoms offered by industrial mass production has an unavoidable price to be paid - Successful manufacturing and production cooperatives, B-Corporations, worker-owned companies, etc have disproved that it is an either-or situation. - Consider the case of the Spanish manufacturing giant, Mondragon, a federation of worker cooperatives employing 70,000 people located in Spain - where this price is NOT paid - Carnegie's essay reflects a perspective based on the time when he was alive - Were Carnegie alive today to witness the natural conclusion of his trend of progress in the Anthropocene, he would witness - extreme pollution levels of industrial mass production threatening to destabilize human civilization itself - astronomical wealth inequality - And these two are linked: - wealth inequality - a handful of elites have the same wealth as the bottom half of humanity - carbon inequality - that same handful pollutes as much as the bottom half of humanity

to - Mondragon cooperative - explore - https://hyp.is/GeIKao1rEe-9jA_97_KRBg/exploremondragon.com/en/ - Oxfam wealth and carbon inequality reports - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=oxfam

1962 Vintage IBM Typewriter Training Film IBM Selectric Proper Typing Procedures, w/ Bud McDole by [[Computer History Archives Project]]

Right at the Typewriter. 16 mm. San Francisco, CA: KQED, 1962. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPfHAW_OfGo.

On manual typewriters one "snaps" the keys while on an electric keyboard one "taps" the keys for maximum speed and accuracy.

Overview of functionality of an IBM typewriter.

To add longevity to one's carbon papers they should be rotated both top to bottom and front to back within one's packs.

Use plastic type cleaner, meant for cleaning type slugs, to clean the excess ink from a typewriter. Form it into a point and press it to the letter to erase several times. Then erase with eraser shield and eraser.

To type to the very bottom of the page, particularly with a carbon pack, to prevent slippage at the bottom, insert a "trailer sheet" about halfway down the first page. Insert it at the back of the pack just behind the original and between the first carbon sheet.

For typing small sheets of paper (index cards) fold a pleat into a regular sheet of paper and use the lip to hold the smaller sheet you're typing on.

To more quickly type envelopes, do the first then reverse the platen so that only about an inch of the top of the envelope is visible. Then insert the next envelope behind the first and continue reversing the platen. This will allow the finished envelopes to stack at the paper table and speed the threading and typing of envelopes in rapid succession.

Use of the divots on the typing guide for making horizontal or vertical lines while moving the carriage or rotating the platen respectively.

How to change the typeball and the ribbon cartridge on the IBM selectric.

I went gleaning for fruit to try and reduce my carbon footprint. Was it enough? by [[Caitlin Hernández]]

Die Methanemissionen haben einer neuen Studie zufolge 2020 mit 400 Millionen Tonnen einen Rekordwert erreicht. In den vergangenen 5 Jahren sind sie schneller gewachsen als je zuvor seit Beginn der Industrialisierung. Zwei Drittel der Methan-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre sind menschlich verursacht. Ein Drittel der Erderhitzung seit der vorindustriellen Zeit geht auf Methan zurück. Die Ziele des 2021 von EU und USA initiierten Global Methane Pledge seien, so einer der Autoren, so fern wie eine Oase in der Wüste. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/climat-lhumanite-est-desormais-responsable-de-deux-tiers-des-emissions-mondiales-de-methane-20240910_WAPRSVRKVNFABEPS55M46JCGDE/

Studie: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6463

Der Flugtourismus hat.inzwischen das Niveau vor der Covid-Krise übertroffen. Das Wachstum des Tourismus gehört zu den wichtigsten Treibern der Klimakrise. Die Branche reagiert darauf mit Ignoranz, Greenwashing und dem Verweis auf falsche Lösungen wie CO₂-Kompensatio und Biofuels. Hintergrundartikel mit Verweisen auf weitere Informationen.https://www.theguardian.com/news/article/2024/sep/06/flight-shame-climate-impact-tourism-boom-covid-environment-net-zero

Die Fossilindustrie finanziert seit Jahrzehten Universitäten und fördert damit Publikationen in ihrem Interesse, z.B. zu false solutions wie #CCS. Hintergrundbericht anlässlich einer neuen Studie: https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/sep/05/universities-fossil-fuel-funding-green-energy

Studie: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.904

Advanced Typing - Shortcuts (1943)

Advanced Typing: Shortcuts. 16 mm. Vol. MN-1512c. United States Navy Training Film, 1943. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUJfCfqgsX0.

Correct typing posture: fingers curved<br /> arms sloping up<br /> light fast strokes<br /> steady rhythm

fast continuous motion of return lever<br /> using backing sheet (aka temping sheet ??)

Shortcuts:<br /> mise en place for office supplies (she doesn't use this phrasing though) - greater efficiency - cuts down on searching

tabulators can be helpful. There are two types:<br /> - automatic - handset

Use tabs for paragraphs, dating letters, columns of numbers, and letter closings.

To clear all tab stops, put carriage to left, hold tab clear key and move the carriage across. (Usually applies to Royal, Remington, Underwood, and Electromatic).

On LC Smith and Woodstock machines sometimes have a tab clear lever on the back.

Decimal tabulator keys help to align a variety of numbers around a decimal point.

Always have a few tabs set to prevent a flying carriage which can be hard on the machine.

When using carbon sheets which are slightly longer than the paper size, cut off a small triangle at the top left hand side. This makes it easier for one to separate the carbons from the copies by holding the top left with one hand and pulling the carbons out from the bottom of the stack.

To align multiple sheets of paper for carbon copies, use a folded sheet at the top to taco the pages into the machine. Remove the folded sheet once the carbon pack is rolled forward.

Paper bail rollers should be set to split the pages into thirds (for two rollers).

Remington noiseless machines have a pressure indicator on the front of the machine (usually above the keyboard) which can be used when using thick carbon packs that may cause the ribbon guide to stick or bind.

Only erase when the carriage is fully left or right to prevent eraser crumbs from falling into the machine.

Use a soft eraser on carbon copies. Use and insert slips of paper behind the carbons and allowing them to stick out the sides, erasing from back sheet to front so as not to allow the eraser to mark your carbon copies. For the front sheet, use a shield and ink eraser and erase with a horizontal motion. After erasing, easily pull out the inserted sheets.

When typing a correction, tap the key lightly two or three times rather than hard once.

When in a rush and it's necessary to add a word (on double spacing), underline the last letter of the prior word and type a slash (/). Then move the typing line up and type the insertion above the prior line. This creates an "arrow" of sorts for the inserted word.

Details for inserting extra letters in misspelled words using half-spacing machines. (Underwoods and Electromatics don't have this function.)

Light pencil marks at the bottom of the sheet can help to indicate the coming bottom of the sheet.

Putting up the card holders (fingers) on Underwoods and Royals. They help to hold the card and improve print quality and reduce noise.

Card holders can cause markings on carbon packs if they're not lowered.

Trick for quickly writing postcards in succession: Disengage the ratchet using the platen spring release (or variable platen switch) Type the address on the front of the card. When done give the platen a quick practiced spin. The postcard with "jump" up and stop at the paper table and be in position for rolling in the opposite direction to write the message on the back of the card! When done a faster spin of the platen will shoot the card over the back of the typewriter where it can land in a box to collect all the postcards which were written in such a manner. <br /> timestamp 23:22

Time saving methods for addressing envelopes:

• Front seat principle. Insert the envelope in the usual way and type out the address. When done, turn the envelope down through the machine with the right hand. With the left hand, place the next envelope between the top of the first envelope and the front of the platen. Feed the first envelope back through the machine (in reverse) and the second will be rolled in to place for typing. Continue in this fashion until finished. All the finished envelopes will stack up in the back at the paper table.

• Chain feeding. The first envelope is inserted and rolled partway into the machine. A second envelope is inserted between the platen and the second envelope (behind the platen). Turn the first envelope to the writing line and type the address. Take out the first envelope and insert the next the same way as before.

• Uses paper bail. Do the first envelope in the usual way. Spin it out of the machine up and behind the paper bail into a box behind the typewriter.

For quickly doing labels or small cards:<br /> Create a small zig-zag fold into a piece of paper to create a pocket slot which can be scotch taped on either side. This template paper can then be inserted so that the pocket is visible above the writing line, but the paper below it is still in the platen. The label or card can be placed into the pocket and the platen reversed to feed the label or card in backwards to the desired typing line. Using a v-groove or hole in the typing line can create a pencil line to serve as a guide for inserting many labels at the same place so that the typing lines up between labels.

Some offices had special platens for holding cards like this.

Pockets like this can also be used to hold the page to add additional lines at the bottom of pages. Deeper pockets may need to be used for doing this with carbon packs whose carbons are longer than the pages.

Alternately one can do something similar by creating a inverted u-shaped set of slits into an index card. to hold such labels.

When in the midst of a page and needing to do another piece urgently, roll back the letter until about 2 inches from the top, and then place in the new page and one between each of the carbons. Then roll forward to do the short message as necessary. Turn back to the insertion position to remove the copies and then continue with the first letter where you left off.

For drawing horizontal lines on typewriter paper, push the carriage to the extreme left and place the pencil or pen at the edge of the card guide and the scale. Then move the carriage to the right to effect the line. For vertical lines, put the carriage at the desired space and place the pencil at the card guide and scale and move the platen up/down as necessary.

for - sustainable building - building reuse vs new build - which is better? - California Forever - intentional community - green debate

sustainable building - building reuse vs new build - which is better? - Study by Preservation Green Lab in 2012 concluded that in most cases, reusing existing buildings is far lower carbon footprint than building new - Research study shows that we cannot expand human activity into intact nature any longer if we are to stay within planetary boundaries - Rockstrom - https://hyp.is/0dbJ4FQSEe-QxY8q4Y3yvw/www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaboF3vAsZs

https://web.archive.org/web/20240715081505/https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/fluege-klimaneutral-100.html

for - urban agriculture - 2024 study - 6x carbon footprint as conventional agriculture

summary - The results are not surprising. It is the infrastructure used to build the urban agriculture system that has the greatest carbon footprint - This can be lowered dramatically by - having longer lasting UA projects - having larger scale projects - reusing urban demolition waste materials to build UA systems

from - search - Google - 2024 percentage of carbon emissions from food system - https://www.google.com/search?q=2024+percentage+of+carbon+emissions+from+food+system&sca_esv=9d5b952a18faf0f8&sxsrf=ADLYWIIlye-Qwjiqr8aEdCoiJshs-88Yqw%3A1720874425938&ei=uXWSZvvuOMjXhbIP-YeX6Aw&ved=0ahUKEwi7r_HmhKSHAxXIa0EAHfnDBc0Q4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=2024+percentage+of+carbon+emissions+from+food+system&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiNDIwMjQgcGVyY2VudGFnZSBvZiBjYXJib24gZW1pc3Npb25zIGZyb20gZm9vZCBzeXN0ZW0yChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEdI3A5QmwhYpA1wAXgBkAEAmAGUA6AB6QiqAQUzLTIuMbgBA8gBAPgBAZgCAaACBJgDAIgGAZAGCJIHATGgB6IR&sclient=gws-wiz-serp - search results returned of interest - Food from urban agriculture has carbon footprint 6 times - A new study finds that fruits and vegetables grown in urban farms and gardens have a carbon footprint that is, on average, six times greater . - https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240122140408.htm

Ein indigenes Volk hat vor dem kolumbianischen Verfassungsgericht einen Vertrag über Carbon Credits gestoppt, der angeblich in seinen Namen abgeschlossen worden war und der amerikanischen Fluggesellschaft Delta Airlines zum Greenwashing diente.

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/colombie-grande-victoire-pour-les-tribus-indigenes-en-amazonie-sur-la-question-des-credits-carbone-controverses-20240711_37QCA6KJGREZVA2YN7ZJ6WYAQA/

Die Crisis Advisory Group begründet in einer Studie zu Carbon Credits, dass diese nur für die Entfernung von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre vergeben werden sollten, nicht für die Vermeidung von Emissionen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jun/26/voluntary-carbon-market-offsetting-industry-reforms-cccg-climate-crisis-advisory-group-aoe

for - quote - carbon cycle - hijacked by political institutions and business

quote - carbon cycle - hijacked by political and business institutions - (see below) - In completely hijacking the global car carbon cycle now - the temperature of the planet - the pH of the oceans and - the oxygen levels in the oceans - are no longer determined by Earth system processes like it has been for all of Earth history - it is fundamentally rooted in human institutions - There really isn't any disentangling the the science from the the political

adjacency - between - carbon cycle - human processes - politics and business - adjacency relationship - The carbon cycle is no longer controlled by earth system processes, - as it has been for billions of years, - but rather by human processes of politics and business

for - stats - carbon sequestration - salt marshes - 30x more sequestration than rainforests

https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000224037/eines-der-staerksten-treibhausgase-nimmt-rasant-zu