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—Even losing you (the joking voice, a gesture I love) I shan't have lied. It's evident the art of losing's not too hard to master though it may look like (Write it!) like disaster.

He then showed you how he could make a few strokes on the keyset to designate the type of link he wanted established, and pick the two symbol structures that were to be linked by means of the light pen. He said that most links possessed a direction, i.e., they were like an arrow pointing from one substructure to another, so that in setting up a link he must specify the two substructures in a given order.

"Most of the structuring forms I'll show you stem from the simple capability of being able to establish arbitrary linkages between different substructures, and of directing the computer subsequently to display a set of linked substructures with any relative positioning we might designate among the different substructures. You can designate as many different kinds of links as you wish, so that you can specify different display or manipulative treatment for the different types."

"You usually think of an argument as a serial sequence of steps of reason, beginning with known facts, assumptions, etc., and progressing toward a conclusion. Well, we do have to think through these steps serially, and we usually do list the steps serially when we write them out because that is pretty much the way our papers and books have to present them—they are pretty limiting in the symbol structuring they enable us to use. Have you even seen a 'scrambled-text' programmed instruction book? That is an interesting example of a deviation from straight serial presentation of steps.3b6b "Conceptually speaking, however, an argument is not a serial affair. It is sequential, I grant you, because some statements have to follow others, but this doesn't imply that its nature is necessarily serial. We usually string Statement B after Statement A, with Statements C, D, E, F, and so on following in that order—this is a serial structuring of our symbols. Perhaps each statement logically followed from all those which preceded it on the serial list, and if so, then the conceptual structuring would also be serial in nature, and it would be nicely matched for us by the symbol structuring.3b6c "But a more typical case might find A to be an independent statement, B dependent upon A, C and D independent, E depending upon D and B, E dependent upon C, and F dependent upon A, D, and E. See, sequential but not serial? A conceptual network but not a conceptual chain. The old paper and pencil methods of manipulating symbols just weren't very adaptable to making and using symbol structures to match the ways we make and use conceptual structures. With the new symbol-manipulating methods here, we have terrific flexibility for matching the two, and boy, it really pays off in the way you can tie into your work.3b6d This makes you recall dimly the generalizations you had heard previously about process structuring limiting symbol structuring, symbol structuring limiting concept structuring, and concept structuring limiting mental structuring.

As we are currently using it, the term includes the organization, study, modification, and execution of processes and process structures. Whereas concept structuring and symbol structuring together represent the language component of our augmentation means, process structuring represents the methodology component (plus a little more, actually). There has been enough previous discussion of process structures that we need not describe the notion here, beyond perhaps an example or two. The individual processes (or actions) of my hands and fingers have to be cooperatively organized if the typewriter is to do my bidding. My successive actions throughout my working day are meant to cooperate toward a certain over-all professional goal.

Critique

C’est ce détail qui m’a le plus fait apprécié l’article de Fabrice Maroux.

Rossana de Angelis

Article de Joanie Grenier (2017), extrait de la revue « Mémoires du livre ».

Résumé

Mais il a une méfiance des auteurs de la transparence du système de contrôle qui doit donc s’adapter. L’auteur questionne « les instances de validation » et la valorisation du contrôle par les « pairs » avec la contre-expertise. Il y a donc trois tendances : le libre accès à la science, la recherche contrôlée par les intermédiaires et les revues en libre accès qui sont créés par les chercheurs.

Introduction

Ce texte remet en question la posture de l’écriture électronique, dans un contexte où le texte écrit est né en ligne à l’instar d’avoir été numérisé. L’auteur questionne aussi sur la valeur de l’écriture en ligne quand elle est placée en comparaison avec une écriture papier dite plus “conventionnelle”.

Désintermédiation ou « hyperintermédiation » ?

Dans le cas présent, l’intermédiaire en question est le distributeur De Marque, entreprise fondée en 2009 et rapidement devenue le leader du livre numérique au Québec, grâce notamment à une entente avec l’Association nationale des éditeurs de livres (ANEL) et à la mise sur pied de l’Entrepôt numérique, espace virtuel abritant les contenus numériques qui sont ensuite offerts à la vente.

dont certains ne sont plus fonctionnels - qu’il est possible de consulter directement d’un clic

Compte rendu critique de « De l’éditeur au lecteur : De Marque et la distribution du livre numérique ». Un texte de Joanie Grenier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, diffusé le 2 mai 2017 dans la revue Mémoires du livre, consulté sur Érudit, la plateforme universitaire québécoise de diffusion numérique.

Un aspect rassurant L’aspect pédagogique du texte va ici de pair avec une certaine bienveillance vis-à-vis des lecteurs. En effet, à la conclusion, les auteurs mentionnent le côté « flottant » qu’a l’environnement numérique qui évolue de façon assez rapide. Apporter une vue globale sur le sujet de l’auctorialité permet ainsi de mieux le comprendre et de l’appréhender tout en brisant quelques idées présupposées.

Méthodologie

soit la « technologie wiki » et « le wiki en contexte » (Ibid.).

Pour finir l’objectif est également de faire comprendre que l’édition numérique n’est que le produit d’une évolution culturelle et que sans le développement des téléphonnes, des ordinateurs, du web et d’Internet, l’édition numérique et électronique ne serait pas ce qu’elle est. Ce texte permet de mieux comprendre et mieux réaliser certains faits et la corrélation entre différents secteurs et évolutions au sein de la société. Un texte est toujours le reflet d’une époque.

L’objectif est également d’expliquer en quoi constitue cette nouvelle notion d’édition électronique, en expliquant point par point les trois principales dimensions de ce processus. Il est important d’expliquer cette notion car en compraraison aux méthodes d’éditions précédentes non numériques, elle vient se situer à la fois en continuité ainsi qu’en rupture de celles-ci. L’objectif de cet article est aussi de clarifier l’opinion publique et l’inquiétude que cette évolution a suscité quant aux différents rôles qui se voyaient émancipés dans ce processus numérique, Marin Daco et Pierre Mounier l’expliquent dans leur article en disant : […] on en effet pu laisser penser à une évolution rendant obsolète toute position intermédiaire entre le producteur (auteur) et le consommateur (lecteur). […] Plutôt qu’à une disparition de la position éditoriale, c’est à sa transformation qu’il faut penser. L’objectif est donc d’informer de la manière la plus objective possible et complète, la société, les lecteurs, les auteurs et les éditeurs quant à ce que représente l’édition électronique et ses nombreux et importants enjeux. L’objectif est également d’instruire la société quant à la révolution majeure de la notion de l’accessibilité et de la diffusion du savoir qu’occasionne l’édition électronique diffusée par le web sur Internet. C’est un rapport tout au autre au savoir qu’elle propose, ainsi qu’elle offre également cette notion de collaboration qui n’était guère possible avant.

Objectifs et conclusion

L’article Édition électronique qui nous intéresse ici, est comprit entre les pages 47 jusqu’à la page 55 de l’ouvrage Communication

L’auteur démontre que le numérique s’inscrit dans un héritage de pratiques qu’il ne fait que réunir.

Les deux premières parties tournent autour de la définition de la littérature électronique et du numérique. La troisième partie explique brièvement que le numérique se place dans une continuité de pratiques et caractéristiques qui existent depuis longtemps. Finalement, la quatrième partie propose pour chaque aspect culturel du numérique identifié par Vitali-Rosati, un aspect concordant dans l’œuvre de Plamondon (qui est un livre physique bien réel).

La quatrième partie et la première partie sont beaucoup plus longues que la deuxième et la troisième, qui elles ne prennent que quelques paragraphes. La deuxième et la troisième partie auraient gagné à être jumelées.

Le texte souffre malheureusement de quelque inepties orthographiques et syntaxiques1. L

Le texte expose une certaine tension entre la culture numérique avec l’idéalisme du partage et de la libre circulation du savoir et la culture imprimée qui est centrée sur l’objet livre (le livre papier). L’avènement du livre numérique affecte tous les secteurs gravitant de près ou de loin autour du livre. Il induit de prime abord une modification des habitudes de lecture qui suscite de l’enthousiasme chez certains et de la méfiance chez d’autres. La lecture immersive et linéaire (celle du livre relié) est mise à mal au profit de modes de lecture rapide et fragmentaire qui, semble-t-il, érige en modèle cognitif le déficit d’attention caractéristique des enfants difficiles. On parle de baisse du temps consacré à la lecture et on perçoit une menace à l’acte de lecture lui-même. Le monde éditorial est ébranlé par la dématérialisation des supports de diffusion et la pression vers la gratuité d’accès sur les biens informationnels. Il existe une certaine inquiétude face à la perspective de voir Google et Amazon, devenir les grands éditeurs de demain.

Propos du document

Topological Structures: How Objects are Organized in Spatial Systems

New York-based startup Tastemakers has raised a $1 million seed-round — led by Precursor Ventures — for its business that connects Africa adventures to global consumers.

Because of this distinction, outcome and impact evaluations are going to look a little different.

In the end, it’s important to remember that these are guidelines, and you will no doubt encounter program evaluation projects that cross the lines of research, and vice versa. Understanding how the two differ will help you decide how to move forward when you encounter the need to assess the effect of a program in practice.

Explain defining features of content analysis as a strategy for qualitative data analysis and when it is most effectively used

A few exemplars of studies employing Thematic Analysis:

We are usually relatively unfamiliar with our participants, at least on a personal level. This can make sitting down for an interview where we might be asking some deep questions a bit awkward and uncomfortable, at least at first. Because of this, we want to craft our questions in such a way that they are not off-putting, inadvertently accusatory or judgmental, or culturally insensitive.  To accomplish this we want to make sure we phrase questions in a neutral tone (e.g. “Tell me what that was like”, as opposed to, “That sounds horrible, what was that like”). To accomplish this we can shift perspectives and think about what it would be like for us to be asked these questions (especially by a stranger), and we can pilot test our questions to see how they ‘feel’ to others. Also, if we are conducting interviews on topics that may be particularly hard for people to talk about, we likely will want to start out with some questions that are easier to address prior to getting into the heavier topics. Make them relatable Unlike surveys, where researchers may not be able to explain the meaning of question, when conducting interviews, we are present to help further explain questions if there is some confusion. However, ideally our questions are as clear as possible from the beginning. This means that we avoid jargon or technical terms, we anticipate areas that might be hard to explain and try to provide some examples or a metaphor that might help to get the point across, and we do our homework to relay our questions in a cultural context that is appropriate. Like the discussion above, pilot testing our questions can be very helpful for ensuring the relatability of our questions, especially with community representatives. What sounds good in our heads as a question, might make little sense to our intended audience. Make them individually distinct, but collectively comprehensive Just like when we are developing survey questions, you don’t want to ask more than one question at the same time. This is confusing and hard to respond to for the participant, so make sure you are only asking about one idea in each question.  However, when you are thinking about your list of questions, or your whole interview guide collectively, ensure that you have comprehensively included all the ideas related to your topic. It’s extremely disheartening as a qualitative researcher that has concluded their interviews and realized there was a really important area that you failed to include in your guide. To avoid this, make sure to know the literature in your area well and talk to other people who study this area to get there perspective on what topics need to be included.

These two categories exist as opposite extremes on a continuum.

assure there is fair distribution of risks and benefits related to our research, be conscientious in our recruitment efforts to support equitable representation, and that we ensure special protections to vulnerable groups involved in research activities. As you plan your qualitative research study sampling plan, make sure to consider who is invited and able to participate and who is not.

across our participants.

Federal Reserve System

In this chapter you will learn:

Il n'en reste pas moins que, du point de vue des relations plus que des représenta-tions, du dynamisme intellectuel.plus que des syntagmes, la ratiocina-tion est marquée par une engrammation dans l'imaginaire.

2 1 L'INTELLECT IMAGEANT

mais au lieu de les affecter à un sens littéral, à un message d'ex-pression ou de communication, elle les inscrit dans de nouvelles combi-naisons linguistiques qui rendent active une pluralité de niveaux de signi-fications, entre lesquels s'instaure une coexistence, par libre jeu, de sens figurés.

les images médiatement riches de pensée, parce qu'elles nécessitent une démarche interprétative pour livrer leur profon-deur de pensée

les images immédiatement donatrices de savoirs, parce qu'elles laissent l'information effieurer sans délai à la surface des figures (formes spatiales et images verbales)

Impact of Fully Connected Layers on Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification

Deep convolutional Gaussian processes

Deep processing of structured data

On the loss landscape of a class of deep neural networks with no bad local valleys

How deep is deep enough? - Optimizing deep neural network architecture

Create a note by selecting some text and clicking the button

Create a note by selecting some text and clicking the button

CREATE Overview

As virtuous men pass mildly away,    And whisper to their souls to go, Whilst some of their sad friends do say    The breath goes now, and some say, No: So let us melt, and make no noise,    No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move; 'Twere profanation of our joys    To tell the laity our love. Moving of th' earth brings harms and fears,    Men reckon what it did, and meant; But trepidation of the spheres,    Though greater far, is innocent. Dull sublunary lovers' love    (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove    Those things which elemented it. But we by a love so much refined,    That our selves know not what it is, Inter-assured of the mind,    Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss. Our two souls therefore, which are one,    Though I must go, endure not yet A breach, but an expansion,    Like gold to airy thinness beat. If they be two, they are two so    As stiff twin compasses are two; Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show    To move, but doth, if the other do. And though it in the center sit,    Yet when the other far doth roam, It leans and hearkens after it,    And grows erect, as that comes home. Such wilt thou be to me, who must,    Like th' other foot, obliquely run; Thy firmness makes my circle just,    And makes me end where I begun.

This argument dictates that one might reasonably withhold access to A (desirable), where it is likely or inevitable that such freedom will lead to circumstance B (undesirable).

Les Cours Planning Tarifs Les Salles Inscriptions

“If you’re not on MySpace, you don’t exist.”

Understanding how content travels and how to optimize it for successful rhetorical effect(s) in these travels is a key reason to attend to structure.

structure

Consequently, efforts to design for temporal experience must do more than simply build desirable temporal models into technologies.

In their view, time is both independent of and dependent on behaviour: temporal structures are produced and reproduced through everyday action, and these in turn shape the rhythm and form of ongoing practices. Existing temporal structures become taken for granted and appear to be unbending, but time is also treated as malleable in that temporal structures can be changed and new ones estab-lished. The objective/subjective dichotomy is not inherent to the nature of time, but is a property of the particular tem-poral structures being enacted at a particular moment. They call for a focus on examining how temporal structures be-come established for a particular activity, and how they are sustained, reinforced or modified in practice.

Designing for an alternative temporal experience means understanding the ways in which multiple temporali-ties intersect, whether these frame a person’s working day, or allow a family to spend time together. While scheduling technologies do of course have a role to play here [see e.g. 31], many of the temporal structures that frame everyday life are not so much scheduled as unfold in a way that isunremarkable [54], or are so firmly established that they are no longer seen as alterable.

Journalists usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. The essential and most interesting elements of a story are put at the beginning, with supporting information following in order of diminishing importance. This structure enables readers to stop reading at any point and still come away with the essence of a story.

Charney states that "an effective lead is a 'brief, sharp statement of the story's essential facts.'"[10][full citation needed][clarification needed] The lead is usually the first sentence, or in some cases the first two sentences, and is ideally 20–25 words in length. A lead must balance the ideal of maximum information conveyed with the constraint of the unreadability of a long sentence. This makes writing a lead an optimization problem, in which the goal is to articulate the most encompassing and interesting statement that a writer can make in one sentence, given the material with which he or she has to work. While a rule of thumb says the lead should answer most or all of the five Ws, few leads can fit all of these.

News writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event—who, what, when, where and why (the Five Ws) and also often how—at the opening of the article. This form of structure is sometimes called the "inverted pyramid", to refer to the decreasing importance of information in subsequent paragraphs.

In the meantime, however, white labor had continued to regard the United States as a place of refuge; as a place for free land; for continuous employment and high wage; for freedom of thought and faith. It was here, however, that employers intervened; not because of any moral obliquity but because’ the Industrial Revolution, based upon the crops raised by slave labor in the Caribbean and in the southern United

In its stead

They found that people’s ability to detect road hazards, reaction time, and control of the vehicle were all impaired by cell phone use.

A Professor is proposed for antient Languages, the Latin, Greek and Hebrew, particularly, but these Languages being the foundation common to all the Sciences, it is difficult to foresee what may be the extent of this school. At the same time no greater obstruction to industrious study could be proposed than the presence, the intrusions, and the noisy turbulence of a Multitude of small boys: and if they are to be placed here for the rudiments of the Languages, they may be so numerous, that its character & Value as an university, will be mixed in those of a Grammar school. It is therefore greatly to be wished, that preliminary schools, either on private or public establishment, would be distributed in districts thro the state, as preparatory to the entrance of Students into the University.

Genome-wide methylation data mirror ancestry information

Ekman and Friesen ultimately assembled all these combinations

First, though, I will show how this dissension was lost to historical view by considering how the recurrent critical narra-tive of Charlotte’s regrettable but inevitable “minor[ing]”

Sample of food riots in Bilād al-Shām {#tbl:food-riots}

After an introduction into the overall argument, the first part of this paper focusses on price data and potential correlation with food riots.

who we associate with, and understanding the impact of those relationships increases

In its stead

proletarianise

Here are the top 5 conspiracy theories associated with measles and other sorts of vaccines.

He lay there he did not know how long. He strained his ears to catch the sound of the train, but he heard nothing more than a vague rattling and buzzing far off . . . Presently he grew tired of lying down there. He rose and walked back to the station. There was a good crowd on the platform. He asked someone, ‘What has happened to the train?’‘A goods train has derailed three stations off, and the way is blocked. They have sent up a relief. All the trains will be at least three hours late today . . .’‘God, you have shown me mercy!’ Rama Rao cried, and ran home.His wife was waiting at the door, looking down the street. She brightened up and sighed with relief on seeing Rama Rao. She welcomed him with a warmth he had not known for over a year now. ‘Oh, why are you so late today?’ she asked. ‘I was somehow feeling very restless the whole evening. Even the children were worried. Poor creatures! They have just gone to sleep.’When he sat down to eat she said, ‘Our tenants in the Extension bungalow came in the evening to ask if you would sell the house. They are ready to offer good cash for it immediately.’ She added quietly, ‘I think we may sell the house.’‘Excellent idea,’ Rama Rao replied jubilantly. ‘This minute we can get four and a half thousand for it. Give me the half thousand and I will go away to Madras and see if I can do anything useful there. You keep the balance with you and run the house. Let us first move to a better locality . . .’‘Are you going to employ your five hundred to get more money out of crossword puzzles?’ she asked quietly. At this Rama Rao felt depressed for a moment and then swore with great emphasis, ‘No, no. Never again.’

People came to him when the patient was on his last legs. Dr Raman often burst out, ‘Why couldn’t you have come a day earlier?’ The reason was obvious—visiting fee twenty-five rupees, and more than that, people liked to shirk the fact that the time had come to call in Dr Raman; for them there was something ominous in the very association. As a result, when the big man came on the scene it was always a quick decision one way or another. There was no scope or time for any kind of wavering or whitewashing. Long years of practice of this kind had bred in the doctor a certain curt truthfulness; for that very reason his opinion was valued; he was not a mere doctor expressing an opinion but a judge pronouncing a verdict. The patient’s life hung on his words. This never unduly worried Dr Raman. He never believed that agreeable words ever saved lives. He did not think it was any of his business to provide comforting lies when as a matter of course nature would tell them the truth in a few hours. However, when he glimpsed the faintest sign of hope, he rolled up his sleeve and stepped into the arena: it might be hours or days, but he never withdrew till he wrested the prize from Yama’s hands.Today, standing over a bed, the doctor felt that he himself needed someone to tell him soothing lies. He mopped his brow with his kerchief and sat down in the chair beside the bed. On the bed lay his dearest friend in the world: Gopal. They had known each other for forty years now, starting with their kindergarten days. They could not, of course, meet as much as they wanted, each being wrapped in his own family and profession. Occasionally, on a Sunday, Gopal would walk into the consulting room and wait patiently in a corner till the doctor was free. And then they would dine together, see a picture and talk of each other’s life and activities. It was a classic friendship, which endured untouched by changing times, circumstances and activities.

system B, I think Terry called it? too structured?)

‘As I know all other things. Guru Nayak, listen carefully to what I have to say. Your village is two days’ journey due north of this town. Take the next train and be gone. I see once again great danger to your life if you go from home.’ He took out a pinch of sacred ash and held it out to him. ‘Rub it on your forehead and go home. Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred.’‘Why should I leave home again?’ the other said reflectively. ‘I was only going away now and then to look for him and to choke out his life if I met him.’ He shook his head regretfully. ‘He has escaped my hands. I hope at least he died as he deserved.’ ‘Yes,’ said the astrologer. ‘He was crushed under a lorry.’ The other looked gratified to hear it.

‘Ah, tell me more.’‘A knife has passed through you once?’ said the astrologer.‘Good fellow!’ He bared his chest to show the scar. ‘What else?’‘And then you were pushed into a well nearby in the field. You were left for dead.’

The tiger had held a reign of terror for nearly five years, in the villages that girt Mempi Forest.

In a mood of optimism they named him ‘Attila’. What they wanted of a dog was strength, formidableness and fight, and hence he was named after the ‘Scourge of Europe’.The puppy was only a couple of months old; he had square jaws, red eyes, a pug nose and a massive head, and there was every reason to hope that he would do credit to his name. The immediate reason for buying him was a series of house-breakings and thefts in the neighbourhood, and our householders decided to put more trust in a dog than in the police. They searched far and wide and met a dog fancier. He held up a month-old black-and-white puppy and said, ‘Come and fetch him a month hence. In six months he will be something to be feared and respected.’ He spread out before them a pedigree sheet which was stunning. The puppy had running in his veins the choicest and the most ferocious blood.

The company had been owned by members of the same family for more than a century and their management style was characterized by benevolent paternalism. However, with increased market competition, declining profits, lost export contracts and redundancy, the company’s owners decided to distance Beverage Co from its informal industrial relations history. In its place they introduced a more strategic form of human resource management, which included several employee participation (EP) schemes.

A similar team structure exists at the head office, with clerical workers engaged in administration, sales and marketing. However, there is no union recognition for these employees and despite several requests from the GMB union; management has decided to keep this side of the business non-unionized.

dark visitation of The Word

I have never written a true poem, it seems. Snatchesof my salacious dreams, sandwiched together all afternoon at my desk, awaiting the dark visitation of The Word.When you arrive, unfasten your notebook, and recite,I am only a schoolboy with a schoolboy’s hard mind.You are the headmaster. Now you must master me.

your practiced slouch, your porkpie hat at rakish angle,commending the dumpling-shaped lump atop your pelvis—as if we’ve one more thing to consider amidst the striptease of all your stanzas and all your lines—draws me down into the center of you: the prize peony,so that I’m nothing more than an ant whose singular laboris to gather the beading liquid inside you; bring it to light.

How is

.

Let’s sayit’s the Almighty, twirling His whistle, ready to blow itat any moment and let loose the bottomless Apocalypse:the ocean would make bone of a body, coral of bone.

THE SNAKE-SONG

Why I Don’t Piss in the Ocean

ROMEO Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?------------------E JULIET Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer.-----------------F ROMEO O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do;---------------E They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.--------------F

It matters not how strait the gate,       How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate,       I am the captain of my soul.

Out of the night

That is, Pixar’s films encourage adult audiences to both encounter and deny each film’s veiled dark content and its implications for them.

All That’s Plastic Melts: Pixar Noir

They also cause them to ponder their relationship to “the end”

If identification with the object is ex-hilarating, it is also, at moments, fright-ening.

A more specific framework for ana-lyzing female scientists emerges when drawing on studies across fiction genres.

While previous scholarship gener-ally considers audiences’ reactions to the representations of scientists and ex-perts within non-fiction programming, the scholarship on their representations in fiction programming garners a little more depth of inquiry.

Scientists of all types—doctors, fo-rensics experts, chemists, biologists, physicists, and others—appear regularly throughout television programming.

The Big Bang Theory offers a unique moment to explore the representations of female scientists within the situa-tion comedy

Starting with the third and fourth sea-sons, The Big Bang Theory introduced more regular female characters as love interests for the main characters.

UNLIKE SCIENCE FICTION AND POLICE PROCEDURALS,the situation comedy genre historically has offered few, if any, represen-tations of female scientists.

Bernadette’s and Amy’s scientific careers set them up as suitable partners for their accomplished boyfriends, but these careers become fodder for the developments of their relationships.

While both Bernadette and Amy pos-sess achievements as scientists as part of their characters, sharp contrasts appear in those representations.

Both Bernadette and Amy earn rec-ognition for their achievements in their fields.

While discussions of work become one way to show their professional roles, another way lies in showing these characters performing their professional roles in a work setting.

Amy’s discussions of her expertise and her work appear more frequently throughout the show.

Because Bernadette and Amy work as scientists, they both have the potential to contribute to the discussions among the friends about their own work and to share their own observations based on scientific inquiry.

The professional aspirations for fe-male characters thus become an oppor-tunity for ridicule within situation com-edies.

A professional role refers to a char-acter’s job or occupation outside the home.

Unlike other television genres, the situation comedy offers the opportunity to push the boundaries of these repre-sentations in terms of female scientists through their professional roles, their gender roles, and their intelligence.

A hegemonic tension operates throughout situation comedies and pro-vides a flexible boundary along which these tensions humorously play out.

Among all these studies, few focus on scientists generally and female scien-tists specifically in situation comedies.

A third theme centers on work-life balance, in that female scientists strug-gle to find equilibrium (Long et al. 359).

The structure of the textbook was a map that Sarah could easily follow.

lesh, the engineering manager, and Dubusker drew on all of McDonnell's experience with shingled-skin structures around jet afterburners for heat protection.

Richard B. Freeman and colleagues [28] havecharacterized the problem as follows: ‘‘Research in the biosciences fits a tournamenteconomic structure. A tournament offers participants the chance of winning a bigprize—an independent research career, tenure, a named chair, scientific renown,awards—through competition.... It fosters intense competition by amplifying smalldifferences in productivity into large differences in recognition and reward. Well-structured tournaments stimulate competition. Because the differences in rewardsexceed the differences in output, there is a disproportionate incentive to ‘win’’’(p.2293). Research environments in which only small numbers of scientists have theopportunity to gain significant attention increase the competitive stakes: playing thegame may be a gamble, but the payoff for winning is significant [28,36]

Explain major differences between poems, drama, and prose, and refer to the structural elements of poems (e.g., verse, rhythm, meter) and drama (e.g., casts of characters, settings, descriptions, dialogue, stage directions) when writing or speaking about a text.

Even the free flow of goods that constitutes a laissez-faire economyrests on an infrastructural base that organizes both market and society.

The girls unanimously agree that this is a constant problem in their work and they feel helpless to combat it.

the customer won't leave her alone and she must do her best to ignore him....

emphasizes the importance of the use of space in social interaction and posits a relationship between social status and space.

Architects continue to be fascinated with finding and describing parallels between symbolic structures and architectural forms.

regarding the interactions of the built environment with social organization and spatial behavior

Some combine structuralist interpretations of house form and culture with the metaphor of the human body

It was when my sister finally dragged me out of bed and took me to the beach, I looked up in the sky and saw birds flying around, I instantly knew that this was a call, from Trace, telling me that hes free at last.

,

that the ease of horizontal mobilization afforded by social networks is of limited help if it doesn’t generate more lasting political structures that can contest the military rule outside the squares

But at the level of the capability hierarchy where we wish to work, it seems useful to us to distinguish several different types of structuring--even though each type is fundamentally a structuring of the basic physical processes. Tentatively we have isolated five such types--although we are not sure how many we shall ultimately want to use in considering the problem of augmenting the human intellect, nor how we might divide and subdivide these different manifestations of physical-process structuring. We use the terms "mental structuring", "concept structuring", "symbol structuring", "process structuring," and "physical structuring."

The fundamental principle used in building sophisticated capabilities from the basic capabilities is structuring--the special type of structuring (which we have termed synergetic) in which the organization of a group of elements produces an effect greater than the mere addition of their individual effects. Perhaps "purposeful" structuring (or organization) would serve us as well, but since we aren't sure yet how the structuring concept must mature for our needs, we shall tentatively stick with the special modifier, "synergetic." We are developing a growing awareness of the significant and pervasive nature of such structure within every physical and conceptual thing we inspect, where the hierarchical form seems almost universally present as stemming from successive levels of such organization.

and the doctrine at issue here, the “first sale” doctrine (§109).

Sample Model Case Brief (Should be ONE page (Typed) MAXIMUM!):

Concurring/Dissenting Opinion: You don’t need to spend too much time on this part other than the pinpoint the concurring or dissenting judge’s main point of contention with the majority opinion and rationale. Concurring and dissenting opinions hold lots of law professor Socratic Method fodder, and you can be ready by including this part in your case brief.

Reasoning: This is the most important part of your brief as it describes why the court ruled the way it did; some law professors dwell on facts more than others, some more on procedural history, but all spend the most time on the court’s reasoning as it combines all parts of the case rolled in one, describing the application of the rule of law to the facts of the case, often citing other court’s opinions and reasoning or public policy considerations in order to answer the issue presented. This part of your brief traces the court’s reasoning step by step, so be sure that you record it without gaps in logic as well.

Rule of Law: In some cases this will be clearer than others, but basically you want to identify the principle of law on which the judge or justice is basing the resolution of the case. This is what you’ll often hear called “black letter law.”

Holding: The holding should directly respond to the question in the Issue Presented, begin with “yes” or “no,” and elaborate with “because…” from there. If the opinion says “We hold…” that’s the holding; some holdings aren’t so easy to pinpoint, though, so look for the lines in the opinion that answer your Issue Presented question.

Issue Presented: Formulate the main issue or issues in the case in the form of questions, preferably with a yes or no answer, which will help you more clearly state the holding in the next section of the case brief.

Procedural History: Record what has happened procedurally in the case up until this point. The dates of case filings, motions of summary judgment, court rulings, trials, and verdicts or judgments should be noted, but usually this isn’t an extremely important part of a case brief unless the court decision is heavily based in procedural rules—or unless you note that your professor loves to focus on procedural history.

Facts: Pinpoint the determinative facts of a case, i.e., those that make a difference in the outcome. Your goal here is to be able to tell the story of the case without missing any pertinent information but also not including too many extraneous facts either; it takes some practice to pick out the determinative facts, so don’t get discouraged if you miss the mark the first few times. Above all, make sure you have clearly marked the parties’ names and positions in the case (Plaintiff/Defendant or Appellee/Appellant).

Concurri ng and/or Diss enting Opinio ns. Concurring and dissenting opinions (a.k.a. “concu rrence s” and “dissents”) are opinions by judges w ho did not se e entire ly e ye -to-ey e with the other judges of the court, and wish to express a slightly or even dramatically diff erent view of the case. In g en er al , a co nc ur ri ng op in io n i s a n o pi ni on by a judge who would have reached the same result as the majority, but f or a different reason. Dissenting opinions are opinions by judges who disagree with the majority’s result entirely. I n most cases, dissenting opinions try to persuade the reader that the majority ’s decision was simply incorre ct.

Disposition : The dispo sition usua lly a ppears a t t he en d of the ma in opinion, and tells you what action the court is taking with the case. For example, an appeals court ma y affirm the lower court decision , upholding it; or it ma y reverse the decision, overturning it, and remand the case, sendi ng i t back to th e lower c ourt for further procee dings. F or now, y ou should k eep in mind that when a higher court affirms it means that the lower court had it right (in result, if not in reasoning). Words like reverse , remand , and vacate means that the higher court though the lower court had it wrong

Law of the Case

Facts of the Case

Author of t he Opinion

Case Citation

The Caption: The caption is the title of the case, such as Brown v. Board of Education , or Miranda v. Arizona . In most cases, the cap tio n refle cts the la st names o f the two p arties to the dispute, and it tells you who was involved in the case. If Ms . Smith sues Mr. Jones, t he case caption may be Smith v. Jones (or, depending on the court, Jones v. Smith ). In a criminal case , the government brings the case, a nd the government itself is listed as a party. I f the f ederal government charges Sam Jones with a crime, for example, the ca se capt ion would be United States v. Jones .

THE ELEMENTS OF BRIEFING Procedural History Legal Issue Facts of Case Statement of Rule Policy Dicta Reasoning Holding Concurrence Dissents

the parties, the procedural posture, the facts, the issue , the h olding, and the analysis.

H o w t o R e a d O p i n i o n s

Next, Quintilian's greater weakness concerns effects. For he put these forward in the topics of persons, yet here once again he repeats them as if they were now different.

It follows, then, that the only necessary parts of a speech are the Statement and the Argument. These are the essential features of a speech; and it cannot in any case have more than Introduction, Statement, Argument, and Epilogue.