2023 Production Gap Report: Die USA, Russland und Saudi-Arabien planen wie die Mehrheit der 20 am meisten fossile Brennstoffe produzierenden Staaten, 2030 mehr Öl zu fördern als je zuvor. Indien will die Kohleproduktion bis 2030 verdoppeln, Kanada die Öl- und Gasförderung in 25 Jahren um 25% steigern. Brasilien will in 10 Jahren die Ölproduktion um 2/3, die Gasproduktion um 100% steigern. China, Deutschland, Großbritannien und Norwegen wollen die Produktion reduzieren. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/climate/coming-soon-more-oil-gas-and-coal.html

Die Pläne der Kohle-, Öl- und gasproduzierenden Staaten zur Ausweitung der Förderung würden 2030 zu 460% mehr Kohle, 83% mehr Gas und 29% mehr Ölproduktion führen, als mit dem Pariser Abkommen vereinbar ist. Der aktuelle Production Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen konzentriert sich auf die 20 stärksten Verschmutzer-Staaten, deren Pläne fast durchgängig in radikalem Widerspruch zum Pariser Abkommen stehen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/08/insanity-petrostates-planning-huge-expansion-of-fossil-fuels-says-un-report

Report: https://productiongap.org/

20 reiche Länder planen bis 2050 neue Öl- und Gas-Projekte, die zusammen weitere 173 Gigatonnen CO₂-Emissionen verursachen werden, wenn es nicht gelingt sie zu stoppen. Oil Change International hat einen Bericht über den Anteil der verschiedenen Staaten an den Expansionsplänen veröffentlicht. Mit einem Drittel entfällt der Hauptanteil auf die USA.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/12/us-behind-more-than-a-third-of-global-oil-and-gas-expansion-plans-report-finds

Mehr zur fossilen Expansion: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22process%3A%20fossil%20development%22

https://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/maerkte/devisen-rohstoffe/rohstoffe-russland-verkauft-beinahe-sein-gesamtes-oel-nach-indien-und-china/100004413.html

• for: definition - permanent security, examples - permanent security

• definition: permanent security

  • Extreme responses by states to security threats, enacted in the name of present and future self defence.
  • Permanent security actions target entire civilian populations under the logic of ensuring that terrorists and insurgents can never again represent a threat. It is a project, in other words, that seeks to avert future threats by anticipating them today.

• example: permanent security

  • Russian-Ukraine war
    • Vladimir Putin reasons that Ukraine must be forcibly returned to Russia so that it cannot serve as a launching site for NATO missiles into Russia decades from now.
  • Myanmar-Rohingya conflict
    • The Myanmarese military sought to squash separatism by expelling and killing the Rohingya minority in 2017
  • China-Uyghur conflict
    • China sought to pacify and reeducate Muslim Uyghurs by mass incarceration to forestall their striving for independence forever
  • Israel-Palestine conflict
    • Israel seeks to eliminate Hamas as a security threat once and for all after the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
  • US-Iraq-Afghanistan
    • The US sought to eliminate Saddam Hussein's nuclear capabilities and to eliminate Osama Bin Laden for his bombing of the World Trade center.

Die Ölpreise steigern deutlich an, vor allem aufgrund von steigender Nachfrage in China (dem größten Öl-Importeur) und Drosselung der Produktion in Saudi-Arabien und Russland. Hintergrund dieser Verknappung ist auch die Prognose der IEA, die Nachfrage nach Öl werde vor 2030 erstmals sinken. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/sep/17/global-inflation-fears-as-oil-price-rises-towards-100-a-barrel

Barnes, J. E. (2021, August 5). Russian Disinformation Targets Vaccines and the Biden Administration. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/us/politics/covid-vaccines-russian-disinformation.html

Coronavirus Pandemic Data Explorer. (n.d.). Our World in Data. Retrieved March 3, 2021, from https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data-explorer

Sallam, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates. Vaccines, 9(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020160

Gu, T., Wang, L., Xie, N., Meng, X., Li, Z., Postlethwaite, A. E., Aleya, L., Howard, S., Gu, W., & Wang, Y. (2021). Towards a country-based prediction model of COVID-19 infections and deaths between disease apex and end: -Evidence from countries with contained numbers of COVID-19. Frontiers in Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.585115

McKew, M. (n.d.). THE WAY AHEAD: Resilience, defense, and the architecture of American renewal. Retrieved February 22, 2021, from https://www.greatpower.us/

Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Shevlin, M., Bentall, R. P., McKay, R., Hartman, T. K., McBride, O., & Murphy, J. (2021). Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination has increased in Ireland and the UK during the pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ry6n4

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @PsyArXivBot: Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination has increased in Ireland and the UK during the pandemic https://t.co/AgKErDr7Yj’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1366707710151053312

Aizenman, Joshua, Yothin Jinjarak, Donghyun Park, and Huanhuan Zheng. ‘Good-Bye Original Sin, Hello Risk On-Off, Financial Fragility, and Crises?’ National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, 23 April 2020. https://www.nber.org/papers/w27030.

Fukuyama, F. (2020, June 15). The Pandemic and Political Order. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2020-06-09/pandemic-and-political-order

Wong, E., Rosenberg, M., & Barnes, J. E. (2020, April 22). Chinese Agents Helped Spread Messages That Sowed Virus Panic in U.S., Officials Say. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/coronavirus-china-disinformation.html

Swan, B. W. (n.d.). State report: Russian, Chinese and Iranian disinformation narratives echo one another. POLITICO. Retrieved April 22, 2020, from https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/21/russia-china-iran-disinformation-coronavirus-state-department-193107

This is what we have to contend with.