Comprehensive Learner Record Standard Transcript Guide
CLR Playbook
Comprehensive Learner Record Standard Transcript Guide
CLR Playbook
Micro-Credentials and Digital Badges: An Exploration of Definitions and Implications in Higher Education and Workforce
The Lancet. (2021, April 16). Quantity > quality? The magnitude of #COVID19 research of questionable methodological quality reveals an urgent need to optimise clinical trial research—But how? A new @LancetGH Series discusses challenges and solutions. Read https://t.co/z4SluR3yuh 1/5 https://t.co/94RRVT0qhF [Tweet]. @TheLancet. https://twitter.com/TheLancet/status/1383027527233515520
The unified approachhas the advantage, that the enterprise has more control overthe data and quality, and the data querying is significantlyfaster.
Mackay, A. I. M. & PhD. (2022, January 29). Thank goodness we did all the work. Virology Down Under. https://virologydownunder.com/thank-goodness-we-did-all-the-work/
Argument quality and fallacies. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/argumentquality
Moss, A. J., Rosenzweig, C., Jaffe, S. N., Gautam, R., Robinson, J., & Litman, L. (2021). Bots or inattentive humans? Identifying sources of low-quality data in online platforms [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wr8ds
Lo, C., Mani, N., Kartushina, N., Mayor, J., & Hermes, J. (2021, February 11). e-Babylab: An Open-source Browser-based Tool for Unmoderated Online Developmental Studies. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u73sy
Bauer, B., Larsen, K. L., Caulfield, N., Elder, D., Jordan, S., & Capron, D. (2020). Review of Best Practice Recommendations for Ensuring High Quality Data with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m78sf
(d) All calculations shown in this appendix shall be implemented on a site-level basis. Site level concentration data shall be processed as follows: (1) The default dataset for PM2.5 mass concentrations for a site shall consist of the measured concentrations recorded from the designated primary monitor(s). All daily values produced by the primary monitor are considered part of the site record; this includes all creditable samples and all extra samples. (2) Data for the primary monitors shall be augmented as much as possible with data from collocated monitors. If a valid daily value is not produced by the primary monitor for a particular day (scheduled or otherwise), but a value is available from a collocated monitor, then that collocated value shall be considered part of the combined site data record. If more than one collocated daily value is available, the average of those valid collocated values shall be used as the daily value. The data record resulting from this procedure is referred to as the “combined site data record.”
1.1. Monitors For the purposes of AQS, a monitor does not refer to a specific piece of equipment. Instead, it reflects that a given pollutant (or other parameter) is being measured at a given site. Identified by: The site (state + county + site number) where the monitor is located AND The pollutant code AND POC – Parameter Occurrence Code. Used to uniquely identify a monitor if there is more than one device measuring the same pollutant at the same site. For example monitor IDs are usually written in the following way: SS-CCC-NNNN-PPPPP-Q where SS is the State FIPS code, CCC is the County FIPS code, and NNNN is the Site Number within the county (leading zeroes are always included for these fields), PPPPP is the AQS 5-digit parameter code, and Q is the POC. For example: 01-089-0014-44201-2 is Alabama, Madison County, Site Number 14, ozone monitor, POC 2.
How monitors (specific measures of specific criteria) are identified in AQS data.
Had it not been for the attentiveness of one person who went beyond the task of classifying galaxies into predetermined categories and was able to communicate this to the researchers via the online forum, what turned out to be important new phenomena might have gone undiscovered.
Sometimes our attempts to improve data quality in citizen science projects can actually work against us. Pre-determined categories and strict regulations could prevent the reporting of important outliers.
Harford, Tim. ‘A Bluffer’s Guide to Surviving Covid-19 | Free to Read’, 28 August 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/176b9bbe-56cf-4428-a0cd-070db2d8e6ff.
van Smeden, M., Lash, T. L., & Groenwold, R. H. H. (2020). Reflection on modern methods: Five myths about measurement error in epidemiological research. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(1), 338–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz251
Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. E., Knight, M., Barthelemy, C. M., Abbafati, C., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Haimed, A. K. A., Abushouk, A. I., Adabi, M., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., … Murray, C. J. L. (2020). Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30750-9
Collins, G. S., & Wilkinson, J. (n.d.). Statistical issues in the development a COVID-19 prediction models. Journal of Medical Virology, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26390
On the Effects of COVID-19 Safer-At-Home Policies on Social Distancing, Car Crashes and Pollution. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13255/
Public Attention and Policy Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13427/
Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Improve Global Air Quality? New Cross-National Evidence on Its Unintended Consequences. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 29, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13480/
An analyst’s job is never done – GSS. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2020, from https://gss.civilservice.gov.uk/blog/an-analysts-job-is-never-done/
Antonakis, J., Bastardoz, N., & Jacquart, P. (2020). In praise of the impact factor [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h4p9e
Verbruggen, R. (2020 March 24). Another COVID Cost-Benefit Analysis. National Review. https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/another-covid-cost-benefit-analysis/
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Negative values included when assessing air quality In computing average pollutant concentrations, EPA includes recorded values that are below zero. EPA advised that this is consistent with NEPM AAQ procedures. Logically, however, the lowest possible value for air pollutant concentrations is zero. Either it is present, even if in very small amounts, or it is not. Negative values are an artefact of the measurement and recording process. Leaving negative values in the data introduces a negative bias, which potentially under represents actual concentrations of pollutants. We noted a considerable number of negative values recorded. For example, in 2016, negative values comprised 5.3 per cent of recorded hourly PM2.5 values, and 1.3 per cent of hourly PM10 values. When we excluded negative values from the calculation of one‐day averages, there were five more exceedance days for PM2.5 and one more for PM10 during 2016.
volume, velocity, and variety
volume: The actual size of traffic
Velocity: How fast does the traffic show up.
Variety: Refers to data that can be unstructured, semi structured or multi structured.