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  1. Last 7 days
    1. Typewriter-Adjacent Writing Devices<br /> by [[Joe Van Cleave]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-02-02T09:17:37

      Typewriter-like writing devices: - Privacy - security - autonomy

      Freewrite (fka Hemingwriter)

      • Smarttypewriter $699
        • Hemingway Signature $1000+
        • Valentine $999
      • Traveler: clamshell device, smaller $549
      • Alpha $349
      • Alpha Cosmic $499 with colorful keys
      • Freewrite Plus subscription service

      Remarkable

      • cloud storage or subscription
      • Starts around $400-600+

      Pomera

      • $499

      Zerowriter

      -$250 - open source, SD card, customizable keys - raspberry pi based

      Supernote

      • tablet
      • $329-500

      BYOK

      • Kickstarter; shipping now.
  2. www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
    1. Your alcohol is making the old oil and dust fluid again for a while, but without either fully flushing it out or blowing it out with compressed air, the solvent evaporates and the remaining solid oil/dust freezes things up again.

      Rubbing alcohol is probably one of the worst degreasers, but people recommend it because most people often have some in their house already. (Depending on the type, it also contains high proportions of water which isn't the best thing to mix with your metal typewriter.)

      To get your sticky typewriter keys working again, while you're flushing out the segment with your solvent of choice (lacquer thinner, paint thinner, mineral spirits, alcohol, etc.), actually move the typebars using the keys or by other means (be careful for splattering and cover the plastic and painted portions of the machine and surroundings with a rag). This will help to get them moving and allow the solvent and subsequently compressed air to help flush the oil, dust, hair, etc. out of your machine. You've already got a mechanical cleaning device of sorts (the typebar itself) inside the segment, so move it while you're flushing it out.

      2-5 flushes can sometimes be required before you've really gotten all the old gunk out of your machine. I often wait several hours or even overnight to test the action after flushing before I re-attach body panels, etc.

      If you can acquire a small plastic oiler (see https://boffosocko.com/2024/08/11/adding-to-my-typewriter-toolset/) it can help to minimize the amounts of solvent you're using and the flexible tip will allow you to not only direct the flow of solvent, but create some fluid pressure when you squeeze the bottle.

      (Naturally use your degreaser in a well-ventilated space away from open flames and sparks...)

      See also: https://boffosocko.com/2024/08/09/on-colloquial-advice-for-degreasing-cleaning-and-oiling-manual-typewriters/

      Reply to https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qroqbf/halp/

    1. Royal Typewriter KMG Mainspring Drawband Tightened Adjusted Tension by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]

      On the left rear corner underneath the carriage when moved to the right, one can easily see the mainspring and drawband assembly. Just behind it is a worm drive operated by a screw. Turning this screw counterclockwise will advance the worm drive to the left and increase the tension on the mainspring.

    1. I twist together two lengths of kevlar fishing line that's 0.4mm diameter and rated for 29kg, so combined roughly 0.8mm diameter and ~58kg pull. This is about the sweet spot imo in terms of thickness, slim enough to fit in small routing holes on mainspring housings and thick enough to get a good sized knot when you tie it. It's also pretty close to the thickness of old sinew drawbands I've replaced. The rated strength is definitely overkill but better over than under. In practise a drawband shouldn't experience more than 750g-1,5kg of pull under normal use.

      u/Koponewt aka Pelicram's advice for using fishing line to replace drawbands.

    1. It's attempting to recreate a nostalgia for mid-century typewriters that were poorly registered, poorly aligned, typed with cotton ribbon, dirty slugs, and poorly typed. It's a generic version of a ubiquitous pica typeface. The vast majority of typewriters from that era were far better and clearer than the characters represented in the 1942 Report Font. Distinguishing the font from an actual typewriter would be trivial for anyone who regularly uses a typewriter.

      Typeface catalogs from the mid-century can be found here for some comparison: https://typecast.munk.org/category/typewriter-typestylesfonts/

      1942 Report font https://www.dafont.com/1942-report.font

      Reply to SadBeyond6201 at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qqvvmd/1942_report_font/

    1. if there's a cheap fix to the ghosting that's coming from some of these letters, I'd appreciate it. Not sure if "ghosting" is the right term, but I'm unsure what is.

      reply to u/mcdouginshole at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qozru7/ghosting_issue_with_my_olivetti_lettera_32/

      For some additional help on technique, try https://boffosocko.com/2025/06/06/typewriter-use-and-maintenance-for-beginning-to-intermediate-typists/

      Typically you want to strike the key as if it were a hot coal and let the initial hit's momentum force the slug against the ribbon/paper/platen. If you're "bottoming your keys out" which happens more frequently when you hunt and peck, then you'll end up with this ghosting effect.

      With some practice, maybe one day you'll be as fast as Albert Tangora?

  3. Jan 2026
    1. I had written that the only thing that all the different cultures hadin common was the human brain. Indigenous cultures, separated byvast spans of space and time, did not teach their incredibly similarmemory tools to one another. They must all use the same methodsfor innately human reasons.

      are they really innate?


      Some of my question is a tad rhetoric as I suspect that this current book is making an argument that there is a genetic basis for why/how it all works the way it does. It's also a question I know that Kelly has had buzzing around for a while.

      Large swaths of these practices have been taught and handed down from one person to another and from one group to another for millennia as well, but the other question is if they've been independently re-discovered across time or if they've changed/evolved the way in which languages have shifted over these same time frames.

    2. ‘As a single-gene condition withhigh autism penetrance, NF1 presents a valuable genetic model foradvancing our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms ofautism,’ writes one group of researchers.20

      A.K. Chisholm, F. Lami, K.M. Haebich, A. Ure, A. Brignell, T. Maloof, N.A. Pride, K.S. Walsh, A. Maier, M. Roue, Y. Granader, B. Barton, H. Darkel, I. Fuelscher, G. Dabscheck, V.A. Anderson, K. Williams, K.N. North & J.M. Payne, ‘Sex- and age-related differences in autistic behaviours in children with neurofibromatosis type 1’, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 53, 2023, pp. 2835–50.

    3. The apparent link of music to speech is because of a trait calledprosody, which seems to be a separate skill, also impacted by NF1.In linguistics, prosody is the difference between speaking in amonotone compared with adding expression by varying pitch,loudness, duration, stress and rhythms. People exaggerate theprosody in their speech when talking to young children because ofthe impact dynamic expression has on comprehension andengagement. Those with the NF1 disorder, most of whom suffermusical challenges, often don’t perceive prosody in speech. Thatsuggests that our fully functioning NF1 gene also helps us withprosody.
    4. Sacks describes the confusion hefeels when noting that people with amusia can be virtually normal intheir speech skills while profoundly disabled musically. He asks if thetwo can be so totally different, given that speech involves tonal andrhythmic changes which appear to have a musical basis. Maybe thisgenetic distinction offers a pathway to exploring his question.
    5. sabelle Peretz and DominiqueVuvan conducted a large-scale sample in 2017, with 20,000participants drawn from the general public. They reported that ‘theprevalence of congenital amusia is only 1.5 per cent, with slightlymore females than males, unlike other developmental disorderswhere males often predominate’.11

      I. Peretz & D. Vuvan, ‘Prevalence of congenital amusia’, European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 25, 2017, p. 625.

    6. I had been taken to some rock cairns which are atop some of themountains in south-eastern Alaska. What was this? Rocks in thoserock formations were used to help tell part of a story, and each rockcairn had different stories associated with it.After being taken to the rock cairns, I had been fascinated byother rock formations from around the world, such as Stonehenge. Ihad always wondered: who were the storytellers that usedStonehenge? What knowledge was shared? The decades passed butmy curiosity about rock formations found around the world neverwent away.

      Link to the story of the talking rocks in the book Anthropology: Why It Matters by Tim Ingold

    7. I made my own memory boards. As I glued each piece to theplywood, I thought about the stories I would tell with this memoryboard. I had spent an afternoon just putting on five pebbles! Howdid my grandmother make it look so easy? Practice. She’d been atthis for a while.

      My grandmother picked up a piece of plywood that she had glued pebbles to and said simply, ‘You will remember.’ She then touched each piece as she recounted stories. To my young mind, what she was doing seemed like magic!

      Cross reference: https://hypothes.is/a/uWo4NpJrEeui3Vu0XnQidA on Salish artwork

    1. Known historical users of the Royal KMM:<br /> - John Ashbery<br /> - Russell Baker - Ray Bradbury - Richard Brautigan - Richard Brooks - Pearl S. Buck<br /> - Johnny Carson (or possibly KMG) - Norman Corwin<br /> - Frank Herbert<br /> - Helen Keller<br /> - Murray Kempton<br /> - Ken Kesey<br /> - George Washington Lee - Harper Lee<br /> - Ursula K. Le Guin - David McCullough<br /> - Margaret Mead<br /> - Dorothy Parker<br /> - Grantland Rice<br /> - Georges Simenon<br /> - Christina Stead<br /> - Tom Wolfe

      The KMM was also the typewriter featured on the 1980s hit television show Murder, She Wrote which is currently being remade in 2025/2026 with Jamie Lee Curtis.

    1. DINGMAN: Duane says that from the time he opened his typewriter shop, until about 2008, he probably repaired about 50 manual typewriters. But in 2008, something changed. His phone started ringing off the hook. Parents were calling to say that their daughters wanted a typewriter for Christmas — could they bring in an old one for him to fix up? Or did he have any for sale?JENSEN: So I asked ‘em, I said why are you interested? They said, “She watched this movie called “Kitt Kittredge.”
    2. DINGMAN: And I know you’re hooked up to an oxygen machine here — does that make it difficult?  JENSEN: No — well, yeah, mobility, and I have COPD, and I have trouble breathing. This business was part of the factor I have COPD, because I had a shop without ventilation. That’s why my lungs are not working. DINGMAN: Wait. So your lungs were damaged by doing the typewriter work? JENSEN: By the smell of the chemicals.  DINGMAN: He says his lung condition was diagnosed seven years ago.   JENSEN: They gave me a five-year life span. That was seven years ago, so I’m already beatin’ it.  DINGMAN: Ever the gambler, Duane’s still fixing typewriters. These days, he keeps a fan blowing, and works with the garage door open.
    1. Duane Jensen, J.C. Business Machines, 26th St. & Union Hills, Phoenix, AZ. 602-992-7611. M-F 9-4, but call first. "We fix business machines, including all typewriters. Manual portable, manual uprights, antique or vintage typewriters. We carry every typewriter ribbon manufactured. Basic cleaning / tune up is between $38.00 - 48.00 (walk in). On-site service. Basic repair / clean $68.00 - 88.00." Read a story about an experience with Mr. Jensen here. Website: http://www.phoenixtypewriter.com/

      Duane Jensen's death was announced by his family on 2026-01-25.

    1. &KUpWLHQLVWKH¿UVWWRFRQQHFWWKHJUDLOWRWKH$UWKXULDQOHJHQGEXWwhen the procession passes through the hall of the Fisher King, hesays only that there is un grail, or “a grail,” meaning that it hadbecome a common enough term for a platter at this point, and therewasn’t yet any conception of a singular, unique Holy Grail.

      Chrétien is the first to connect the grail to Arthurian legend, but when...

    1. reply to u/Crafty-Shape2743 at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qjl76q/is_it_just_me_or/

      Regardless of their current reaction, every single person here knows that they've done the EXACT SAME THING at least once if not hundreds of times. My bet is that most STILL do it tentatively because they can't keep their fingers off the keys.

      I try to put stencil mode on for machines not actively in use to prevent ink from getting onto the platen and later smudging pages, but let's be honest that other than the ink, typing without paper isn't going to cause more damage to a machine than with it. Those who say it damages the platen will pound away with paper in and not care a whit. Those same people will also never bother to recover their platens with new material which dramatically improve the machine and the typing experience, so let's just get over ourselves on the issue of "protecting the platen"...

      I'll bet dollars to donuts that none of those who are precious about not typing on paperless platens, are pulling their paper out without releasing the paper release lever thereby slowly sanding down their platens and don't bother to leave it disengaged when they're done thereby slowly damaging and flattening their rubber rollers.

    1. reply to u/aleahey at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qjzgtq/remington_postal_telegraph_mill/

      On the paper guide, it definitely looks like a bend it back into shape issue.

      While your model is obviously decaled as "Postal Telegraph", it's not a traditional mill machine as those are generally marked by having no lower case characters and having uppercase only. Sometimes it was uppercase with some "filler character" (often a + on Remingtons, a ~ on Underwoods, and a double dot on Olivettis) or uppercase on both the top and bottom of the slug. Generally the zero character had a slash through it to distinguish it specifically from the letter "O".

      There are only two other exemplars on the typewriter database, so please be sure to upload your photos and data when you get a chance. https://typewriterdatabase.com/Remington.10+Postal+Telegraph.42.bmys You'll notice that one of the examplars by u/jbhusker doesn't appear to be a traditional mill while the other is. Perhaps James has some unwritten research on his Remington Postal Telegraph?

      If you sift through the typewriter database you'll find other examples and research (especially if you're looking at commentary under individual examples while you're logged in). As an example of mills from Underwood in their Western Union Special: https://typewriterdatabase.com/Underwood.Western+Union+Special.4.bmys

    1. There's a mismatch between me and my writing tools. They seem to want something slightly different from what I want. I wonder if anyone else has this feeling? I mean there's plenty of people who are apparently on a life-long quest to find the perfect app, because they still haven't found what they're looking for. What's up with that? Well this article made things a lot clearer for me: Artificial Memory and Orienting Infinity | Kei Kreutler. Kreutler argues we've conflated all memory with computer memory. That's to say we've assumed everything can be stored and retrieved as data. But this misses something crucial, which is that the kind of memory that shapes worlds requires transmission, relationship, and context, and not just storage. And this got me thinking: doesn't this apply to our digital writing tools? They have to store our writing as data, but in doing so they change it in subtle ways we might not even notice, except as the kind of vague unease I've been feeling. Why your note-making tools don’t quite work the way you want them to - and what to do about it. So am I over-thinking it again, or have you too felt a gap between what you want to do and what your writing tools expect you to do?

      reply to u/atomicnotes at https://reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1qjrnp8/why_dont_my_notemaking_tools_work_the_way_i_want/

      In older analog offices, the office worker stored things on paper in piles, in folders, in various locations within their office. Because humans have excellent spatial memory, the worker would have an idea of what he might want and would know in which pile on their desk or which filing cabinet it might be filed in. Despite what may look like a messy office, most will know exactly where certain papers are "hiding". This overlaps with older indigenous cultures and artificial memory with structures like songlines, talking rocks, and later techniques from ars memoriae like method of loci or memory palaces. For more on this cross reference Hudson & Thames' First Knowledges series edited by Margo Neale.

      Entirely digital-based methods have erased a lot of these sorts of locational affordances.

    1. reply to zk developer at https://reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1qiwfp0/im_researching_why_zettelkasten_fails_for_a_lot/

      Before you do this sort of user research, have you done the research on the dozens and dozens of apps that are already out there (prior art)? What do you think is good about them? Bad? Why are some doing well and others not?

      You realize that at once a week since 2019, at least one app a week pops up in the zettelkasten, note taking, productivity/GTD space? Very, very few pass the 6 week mark, let alone the 6 month mark. Why do you want to reinvent the wheel? What are you hoping to get out of it?

      Are you self-dogfooding/eating your own cooking? If you're not using and enjoying your own app, why would others?

      Simply reading through this sub will give you most of the research and friction points you could want to know about without impinging on our time for something that I'd be willing to bet won't even reach alpha.

    1. https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qhokip/some_typewriter_customization_ideas/

      Besides, why go the AI route when there are so many already available custom and chromed machines out there? There is way more creativity in reality.

      Examples:

      And to be honest, if you're going to lay out some money to chrome a machine, why do it with a flimsy Skyriter? Find something showy, something honest, something substantial. Why not a Royal KMG or FP, a Remington Super-Riter, or a solid Hermes Ambassador?

      Nothing is more badass than Helen Gurley Brown's silver plated Royal Empress: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/hgbrownroyal.jpg

    1. Typewriter Profile: Comparing the Olivetti Lettera 22, Lettera 32, and Studio 44<br /> by [[Damon Di Marco]] of CreateX3.com on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-19T11:32:11

      Marcello Nizzoli designed the Olivetti Lettera 22, an ultra-portable, and the standard Lexicon 80. He used the automotive idea of press-forming steel to the Olivetti line.

      In 1959, the Illinois Institute of Technology chose the Olivetti Lettera 22 as the best designed product of the last 100 years. It also won the Compasso D'Oro Award in 1954.

      1963 Lettera 32 introduced<br /> Square keys

      1965 Olivetti Studio 44 introduced<br /> Between the standard and the portable<br /> Comes with a case, but is heavier than many portables

      Prefer original spools with spool nuts.

    1. https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qej21g/bulk_ribbon_source/

      We are a small typewriter shop based in the Netherlands.

      Usually we would order bulk ribbon from USA and pay 100+ euro for shipping costs and duties. The shipping mostly cost us more than the product itself and made it much harder for us financially.

      We would even combine orders with other local typewriter shops to cut the costs down.

      So we now found an alternative. Make it ourselves.

      After much testing we have found the perfect ink saturation. No bleeding. No oversaturation. Plus the ribbon should last 3-5 years when properly stored.

      We are happy to now offer 320m cotton reels (black) for other typewriter enthusiasts and shops based in Europe (we do ship worldwide, it is just much more affordable to buy local).

      A ribbon can make or break your typing. I really dislike light print or oversaturated ribbons. So zero compromise in quality.

    1. Surprisingly,though, the Mesopotamians rarely wrote about the afterlife. Literarydescriptions suggest that the netherworld was a gloomy place—dark, with bad food, and no way out—and there was little about itthat suggested either a reward or punishment. It simply existed.And yet, since these kings (and many commoners whose burials alsocontained gifts and food) took their worldly possessions with them,perhaps they believed that they could improve their lot in theafterlife.
    2. The king of Kish even sometimes enforced order inSumer. For example, Enannatum’s son, Enmetena, wrote that theborder between Lagash and Umma had been determined by thegreat god Enlil himself and had been confirmed by the king of Kish:“Mesalim, king of Kish, at the command of (the god) Ishtaran,measured the field and set up a (boundary-) stone there.” Theauthority of the king of Kish was therefore acknowledged, at leasttemporarily, by both the king of Umma and the king of Lagash.

      There is an interesting example of the mnemonic use of stone here in ancient Sumer. It serves as a boundary/border marker by its physical presence, but apart from any (other local) mnemonic uses, it also carries an inscription as a secondary form of long term written memory.

      Link to: https://hypothes.is/a/rpPeOl4IEeyqH1-fAP0WQw

    3. The kings had, however, begun to realizeits potential for extending communication, in an almost magical way,beyond what could be accomplished with the spoken word. Writingcould perpetually and eternally address an audience on a king’sbehalf; the words were always there, even when the king was notthinking about them. Given that the population was almost entirelyilliterate, such an audience was mostly made up of gods. Thestatuette of the king’s personal god (or sometimes of the kinghimself), inscribed with the same text as the tablet, could thereforepray continuously in a way that a real person could not.

      Is there stronger evidence that this form of permanent writing to an audience of gods was being done? Sources?

    4. The tablet wasfound by archaeologists in the foundations of the temple of Inannain Lagash, called the Ibgal. This extensive complex was oval inshape, as were many Early Dynastic temples in other cities, with alarge courtyard and a platform on which Inanna’s temple wasconstructed.

      What is the general history of oval-shaped architecture? Is there an explicit link between the Oval shape of the complex at Ibgal, the temple (or house) of Inanna in Lagash and the oval office at the White House?

      Keep in mind that modern knowledge of large portions of the Ancient Near East only surfaced after the 1800s, so the tradition would have required intermediaries from the ANE into other cultures to be passed down to the building of the White House in 1792.

    5. ngship seemed so obvious and right to the Mesopotamians thatthey believed that it had been invented by the gods, that it hadcome “down from heaven.” Some later scribes made a grand list ofall the kings from the beginning of time to their own era. Theycalled it “When kingship came down from heaven,” which was itsfirst line. To modern scholars it is the Sumerian King List.
    6. The people of Uruk started out with at least thirteen differentnumerical systems; they counted differently depending on what theywere counting, and the signs indicated different numbers fordifferent commodities. And about 30 percent of the signs they firstcreated to represent nouns had no later equivalents, so scholars donot know how to read them.
    7. The investment of time and manpower devoted to the constructionof this complex would have resembled the work on a medievalcathedral. As early as 3600 BCE work had begun on the so-calledLimestone Temple in the Eanna precinct. Quarrymen and masonsremoved limestone from a rocky outcrop around fifty kilometers (31mi) to the southwest. Other men transported the stone to Uruk. Stillothers formed hundreds of thousands of mud bricks and clay cones,and set them out to harden in the sun. Others brought timber fromfar to the north for the roofs. Someone supervised all the workmenwho set the bricks and stones and mosaic cones in place. The menwould have been fed and provided for during the construction. Thebuilders were all probably residents of Uruk, united in their desire tocreate a magnificent home for their beloved divine queen.

      Possibility that even with proto-cuneiform (writing) evolving here that such temples were local memory palaces for the culture of the inhabitants who would have been primary orality-based?

    8. facts that no one couldconceivably commit to memory.

      This statement belies the power of orality and the size of built communities without literacy. It's more a question of understanding how it was done and how communities either trusted (or didn't) those who memorized the materials.

      Another factor is how long one needed to remember various facts, especially if for commerce and over what spaces?

      Were there stratifications of society based on the power of memory here? Compare the anthropology and archaeology with the studies by Lynne Kelly.

    9. Podany, Amanda H. 2013. The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Near-East-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195377990/ (January 1, 2026).

      See also: https://www.reddit.com/r/AYearOfMythology/comments/1pe0eyv/2026_mesopotamian_egyptian_reading_schedule/

      Annotations link urn:x-pdf:f8604af8f8b94ba9236cadbbcf392cf8

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    1. reply to harr at https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/3392/folgezettel-vs-duplex-numeric-arrangement

      I'll shortly have a lot more to say on this very subtle historical subject, which I've been work at off and on over the past month or so. My analysis indicates entire lack of innovation on the fronts which you're indicating. Pages 178-180 show the period standard practice of the subject alphabetic filing you say Luhmann was innovating against, but the duplex-numeric is exactly what he was using. The method he chose had been recommended and in use since at least the 1910s—especially for law offices.

      Your quotes from his 1981 paper, while interesting, create a false impression stemming from post hoc, ergo propter hoc analysis. You have to remember that by the 1980s, he's been practicing this for nearly 30 years and is providing a reflection on that practice, which is also heavily impacted by his systems theory work through those decades. I strongly suspect that his mid-century perspective didn't stray far from that Remington Rand outline or those of scores of other sources.

      It bears noting that of the four potential methods suggested in the chapter, the last one is the Dewey Decimal method, which many who've been in the zettelkasten space have also very naturally tried using as a scaffolding for their filing work. Others have also reasonably suggested variations like the Universal Decimal Classification system or Wikipedia's Academic Outline of Disciplines.

      One will also notice that the option of doing a "Variadex Alphabetic" arrangement hasn't ever (to my knowledge) been mentioned in the online zettelkasten space. It was given the pride of place as first in the list of options, but this stems primarily from the fact that it was a variation offered by Remington Rand as a paid product with the related accessories. Every filing cabinet company and major stationery company had variations on this theme with their own custom names and products.

    1. What's the diameter of the central hole? Checking if it's 4,5, or 6mm will help a lot in identifying which type of spool it is.

      Could be made by some ribbon company like Alpad who sold Olivetti compatible ribbons/spools.

      6mm diameter center holes on spools are indicative of a Gr4 typewriter spool.

      via u/Koponewt at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qcocn1/does_anyone_recognise_this_spool/

    1. On Typewriters: Condition is King; Context is Queen.

      It bears mentioning that an expert/professional repair person can only tell very little of the condition of a typewriter by photos. Does it look generally clean? Are the decals in tact? Does the segment look clean (a vague proxy for the potential condition of the internals)? Is anything obvious missing (knobs, return lever, keys)? Does it look cared for or has it been neglected in a barn for half a century? Most modern typewriters made after 1930 in unknown condition are worth about $5-25 and they peak at about $500 when purchased from a solid repair shop unless some Herculean additional restoration has taken place, they've got a rarer typeface, or are inherently actually rare. Hint: unless it's a pro repair shop or very high end collector with lots of experience, don't trust anyone saying that a typewriter is "rare", run the other direction. Run faster if they say it "works, but just needs a new ribbon" as—even at the most expensive—new ribbon is only $15 and their "rare" $600+ machine should have fresh, wet ribbon. The rule of thumb I use is that no one online selling a typewriter knows anything about it, including if it actually works. Worse, they've probably priced it at professional repair shop prices because they don't know that condition is king.

      The least experienced typist will know far more about the condition of a machine by putting their hands on it and trying it out. Does it generally work? Does the carriage move the full length of its travel? Can you set the margins at the extremes and space reliably from one end to another? Does it skip? Is the inside clean or full of decades of dried oil, dust, and eraser crumbs? Does the margin release work? Does it backspace properly? If typing HHHhhhHHH are the letters all printed well and on the same baseline?

      Presumably a typewriter at an antique store will meet these minimum conditions (though be aware that many don't as their proprietors have no idea about typewriters other than that if they wait long enough, some sucker will spend $150 on almost anything). They've done the work of finding a machine that (barely) works, housing it, and presenting it to the public for sale. This time and effort is worth something to the beginning typewriter enthusiast, but worth much, much less to the longer term practiced collector.

      If everything is present and at least generally limping along, you've got yourself a $30 typewriter. Most people can spend a few hours watching YouTube videos and then manage to clean and lubricate a typewriter to get it functioning reasonably. You can always learn to do the adjustments from Youtube videos. (Or just take it to a repair shop and fork over $200-400 to get things squared.)

      If you're getting into collecting, you'll make some useful mistakes by overpaying in the beginning and those mistakes will teach you a lot.

      Maybe you're a tinkerer and looking for a project? If so, then find the cheapest machine you can get your hands on (maybe a Royal KMM for $9 at thrift) and work your way through a home study course.

      Otherwise, if you're just buying one or two machines to use—by far—the best value you'll find is to purchase a cleaned, oiled, and well-adjusted machine from a repair shop. Sure it might cost $350-600, but what you'll save in time, effort, heartache, repair, etc. will more than outweigh the difference. Additionally you'll have a range of machines to choose from aesthetically and you can test out their feel to find something that works best for you.

      Or, you could buy a reasonable machine like this for $70 and find out it needs cleaning, oiling, and adjusting and potentially a few repairs. The repair tab might run you an additional $450. Is it worth it when a repair shop would have sold you the same or a very similar machine in excellent condition for $350?

      Remember in asking about the cost and value of a typewriter, you're actually attempting to maximize a wide variety of variables including, but not limited to: upfront money, information about the current state of the market, information/knowledge about the machine itself, information about how to clean it, information about oiling it, information about adjusting, information about repairing it, cost and availability of tools and repair parts, and the time involved for both learning and doing all of these. The more time you've spent learning and doing all of these, the better "deals" you'll find, but gaining this expertise is going to cost you a few years of life. What is all this "worth" when you just want to type on a machine that actually works?

      Most of the prognostication you'll find in fora like this will be generally useless to you because you're not readily aware of the context and background of the respondents with respect to all of the variables above. Similarly they're working with no context about you, your situation, where you live, what's available in your area, your level of typewriter knowledge, or your budget. You don't know what you don't know. At the end of the day, you're assuredly just as well off to use a bit of your intuition and putting your hands on a machine and trying it out. Then ask: "What is it worth to you?"

      If you're simply asking: "Is this highway robbery?", the answer is no.

      More resources (and some of my own context) if you need them: https://boffosocko.com/research/typewriter-collection/

      Happy typing.


      Reply to u/NeverTheNess at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q7eho6/spotted_a_royal_at_an_antique_store_good/<br /> RE: run-of-the-mill late 70s plastic Litton/Royal typewriter

    1. For the average office-type chair, the sweet spot you're looking for is a tabletop about 26 inches off of the floor.

      Most modern desks have their tabletops at 28-29" off of the floor which is too high for comfortably typing on a typewriter. The larger old school typewriter desks (double and single pedestals) often had a flip top or spring loaded side compartment that brought the surface that the typewriter sat on down to a more comfortable 26" off of the floor. Similarly you'll see desk returns for these desks which are an inch or two shorter to allow for a typewriter off to the side. Many of the same tanker desks had writing drawers that pulled out to provide space over the other drawers for writing and these also make great surfaces for typewriters to be an inch or two lower than the standard height. These desks usually are heavy and take up some significant floor space.

      From the 1920s, a variety of manufacturers made stand-alone typewriter stands, typically with two drop leaves on either side and wheels to give one easy space for their typewriter that didn't take up a huge footprint and could be moved around the office or home as needed. Similar to these in the modern furniture space, you might find a variety of side tables or occasional tables with tabletops at a more comfortable 26-27" for your typing.

      For off-label use cases, you could try a counter-height stool (24-26") as a temporary typewriter stand to pair with most standard office chairs. Generally bar stools are much taller in the 36" range, so don't do this unless it's your intention to type standing up.

      I've got a 20 drawer library card catalog with a tabletop height of 36.5" that makes an excellent height for a standing desk for typing.


      reply to u/The-Wolf-Bandit at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q6e8oo/what_do_you_guys_have_your_typewriters_on/

    1. Ironically, like Roger Taney’s opining in Dred Scott, it first raises its head in a “headnote” to a case not dealing with the issue. In remarks setting the scene for their decision in Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886), the court remarked, “The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does.” This statement, that the court were “all of the opinion” that “any person” applied to the fictional entities created by state charters, precluded any formal challenge by telegraphing the outcome. Thus, in a sneaky way, the court avoided having to actually produce a decision of an actual case to establish this principle. Talk about legislating from the bench!
    1. I tell this story to illustrate the truth of the statement I heard long ago in the Army: Plans are worthless, but planning is everything. There is a very great distinction because when you are planning for an emergency you must start with this one thing: the very definition of "emergency" is that it is unexpected, therefore it is not going to happen the way you are planning. So, the first thing you do is to take all the plans off the top shelf and throw them out the window and start once more. But if you haven't been planning you can't start to work, intelligently at least. That is the reason it is so important to plan, to keep yourselves steeped in the character of the problem that you may one day be called upon to solve--or to help to solve.

      Dwight D. Eisenhower, Remarks at the National Defense Executive Reserve Conference Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/233951

    1. “It is hard to overstate the importance of the ideas of Phil Anderson to the science of SFI and complexity in general," said Santa Fe Institute President David Krakauer. "His 'More is Different' article from Science in 1972 was the most important and rigorous refutation of the foolishness of reductionism for complex systems yet published. Not only did Phil articulate why confusing parts for the whole was a problem, but in the process, he explained why different fields of inquiry – from genetics to economics – needed to exist. This was a supreme act of intellectual modesty and generosity."