248 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. 233FIntron 2Splice.g.8665, A > G; c.DNA 463,+2A > C1 juxtapapillary---No changes-

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 33Y0M, Spanish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo: 7 VHL patients, from different regions of Spain, affected from juxtapapillary or peripheral haemangioblastomas were administered 120 mg propranolol daily.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a retinal tumor in October 2012 (age: 30) as well as July 2013 (age: 31). At the time of the trial she presented with a single juxtapapillary tumor in her left eye. She exited the trial 12 months later with no changes to the tumor size after the administration of propranolol.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Information obtained from Table 2.

      Variant: c.463+2A>C

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Amino acid does not coincide with position, declared by the authors. Variant c.463+2A>C could be translated to c.463+2T>C or c.463+3A>C. Needs to be confirmed with the authors.

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: splice_site_variant

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. two new mutations

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: B

      Case: M, 35Y0M, Japanese

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient’s family consisted of three members, but only the patient carried the missense variant NM_000551.3:c.227_229delTCT and developed symptoms; the patient’s parents did not. The authors of the paper assert that this was a novel mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0011513 (Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: This patient developed brainstem hemangioblastoma and retinal angioma when he was 30 years old. Thereafter, he had no sign of recurrence for 5 years.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.F76del(c.227_229delTCT)

      LegacyVariant: p.F147del(c.440_442delTCT)

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA357012, https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_canonicalid?canonicalid=CA357012

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: F76del(c.227_229delTCT)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. VHL_4Frozenc.500G>Ap.Arg167GlnF30AdrenalPCCB

      PatientID: VHL_4 (tumour ID)

      KindredID: 4

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Adrenal Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (Adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a benign adrenal pheochromocytoma at age 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500 G >A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 88

      KindredID: 28

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 88) had two family members who were confirmed with the mutation: his brother 1 (patient 89) had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 33, and his mother (patient 90) had a CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 63. His brother 2 had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 16 but passed away before he could be diagnosed or confirmed with the mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 20 and a retinal angioma at 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0001732 (Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.N90I (c.269A>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223172; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223172/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: N90I (c.269A>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 50

      KindredID: 17

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584 (Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors and renal cell carcinoma at 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711; HP:0010797 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.L85P (c.254T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 376222; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/376222/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: L85P (c.254T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. All germline mutations in VHL,

      PatientID: V-PH-33T

      KindredID: 6

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: A family history of brain tumors was detailed. They are also the sibling of ID: VPH34, who has recurrent pheaochromocytoma and hemangioblastomas, and the germline VHL mutations: p.Arg161Ter/p.Arg200GlyfsTer2

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748; HP:0012210; HP:0002894; HP0010797 (adrenal pheochromocytoma, abnormal renal morphology, neoplasm of the pancreatic, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: diagnosed with right adrenal phaeochromocytoma at age 30Y, surgery the same year. He also had a personal history including bilateral renal masses, pancreatic mass, recurrent hemangioblastomas.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, TMEM127

      PreviouslyPublished: Likely; 26796762 (ID: RNSH08)

      SupplementalData: Yes (see table S1 and S10)

      Variant: p.W117S (c.350G>C)

      LegacyVariant: Given as ENSP00000256474.2 p.Trp117Ser

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351753671 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.350G%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W117S (c.350G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, EPAS1, (c.A>G)

    1. Case II:1 (the proband)

      PatientID: II:1 (the proband)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 32Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Case III:1 (the proband’s son) was an asymptomatic 6-year-old male, who was found to have a small hemangioblastoma in the distant peripheral retina of his right eye. Case III:2 (the proband’s daughter) was a 12 year old female who complained of a curtain coming across the vision in her left eye during the screening examination. Fundus examinations revealed a small hemangioblastoma in the infratemporal region of the peripheral retina in her right eye. A sizeable hemangioblastoma with 2.5 papilla diameters and prominant feeder vessels were detected in the inferior peripheral retina of her left eye. Case I:2 (the proband’s mother) had blindness in one eye and died of renal carcinoma, genetic testing was not preformed on this patient. Pedigree: see Figure 1.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880, HP:0009711 (Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Fundus examinations showed several retinal hemangioblastomas in the temporal area of the left eye.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W117R (c.349T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351753664 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.349T%3EA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_transversion

      CivicName: W117R (c.349T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A 26-year-old male with history of hemicranial intermittent severe headache with vomiting, sweating, and palpitations since 6 years. Patient also had intermittent abdominal pain with no focal neurological deficits or seizures. He consulted a neurosurgeon for these complaints and MRI brain was done that showed cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Patient underwent surgery for same. Patient was lost to follow up after the surgery and then after 4 years consulted our institute for persistence of similar complaints. Patient was evaluated keeping syndromic association in mind because of strong family history of cerebellar hemangioblastoma.On examination patient was found to be hypertensive with postural fall. On hormonal evaluation he was found to have high levels of 24 h urinary normetanephrines. CECT abdomen [Figure 2a] showed enlarged right adrenal gland heterogeneous (red), pancreatic head solid mass situated posteriorly (blue), and cyst in pancreatic tail (green). In order to rule out other NET and tumor in contralateral adrenal functional imaging was done. FDG PET scan showed avid uptake in right adrenal and pancreatic head. Hence, a clinical diagnosis of Vhl was made. With adequate alpha blockade patient was planned for right adrenalectomy and pancreatic surgery. Open transperitoneal anterior adrenalectomy with IOUSG and bidigital palpation of pancreas—tumor located posteriorly, close to main pancreatic duct as enucleation not possible hence decision was taken for pancreaticoduodenectomy [Figure 2b]. Postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative urinary normetanephrines were normal on 10th day. Histopathology showed right adrenal PCC and pancreatic NET with uncertain malignant potential. Mutation analysis revealed positive mutation in exon 3 of VHL gene at 167th position of amino acid Arg (arginine) is replaced by Gln (glutamine) happens due to CGG-CAG a single nucleotide change.

      PatientID: 4

      KindredID: 4

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Strong family history of cerebellar hemangioblastoma.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880, HP:0030405, HP:0002666, HP:0001737 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, pancreatic endocrine tumour, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: At age 26 was diagnosed with cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Four years later, he was found to have pancreatic endocrine tumour, pheochromocytoma, and pancreatic cysts.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584 (Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. two large deletions

      PatientID: N/A

      KindredID: 13

      Case: F, 32Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Patient had family history of VHL disease. The patient's sibling presented with a hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors at age 23 and then retinal hemangioma at age 24. He/she possessed the same mutation as the patient. The patient's mother presented with hemangioblastoma at age 43; but died prior to diagnosis and genetic testing.

      CohortInfo: 16 Chinese patients clinically diagnosed with VHL disease.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001732 (hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma; abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors at age 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666, HP:0030393, HP:0030424; HP:0009711 (pheochromocytoma, endolymphatic sac tumor, epididymal cyst, retinal capillary hemangioma; )

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 3 Deletion

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: Exon 3 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. HGB-65 B Germline 3 3 c.517 G > T E173X This study NA NA  

      PatientID: HGB-65

      KindredID: 8

      Case: Sex Unknown, 31Y0M, Italian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None.

      CohortInfo: The patient cohort consisted of 57 patients (26 male and 31 female) from Southern Italy, most of whom (55 of 57) presented with solitary HGB of the CNS: 6 were syndromic and 51 were apparently sporadic.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880, HP:0009713 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, spinal hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas at age 26. The cerebellar hemangioblastomas reoccured at age 29. The patient had a spinal hemangioblastoma at age 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.E173* (c.517G>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 825515 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/825515/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: E173* (c.517G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  2. Nov 2026
    1. nonsense mutations (6/16)

      PatientID: 11

      KindredID: 11

      Case: 30Y0M, Sex Unknown, Argentinian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No family history

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0000107; HP:0001737 (hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cyst; pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Aged 30Y at diagnosis (genetic testing); fulfils type 1 VHL clinical diagnosis. CNS angiomas, retinal angiomas, renal cysts and pancreatic cysts all diagnosed at 30Y (See Table 1 & 2).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. frameshift mutations (4/16)

      PatientID: 10

      KindredID: 10

      Case: 30Y0M, Sex Unknown, Argentinian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Thus far, it has not been possible to study the parents or close relatives of this patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0006770; HP:0000107 (hemangioblastoma; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; renal cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Aged 29Y at diagnosis (genetic testing); fulfils type 1 VHL clinical diagnosis. CNS hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 29Y, ccRCC and renal cysts were diagnosed at 30Y (See Table 1 & 2).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Q73Pfs*59 (c.217dupC)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2497030271 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA2497030271

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: plus_1_frameshift_variant; duplication

      CivicName: Q73Pfs*59 (c.217dupC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 47 (Uncle)

      KindredID: 18

      Case: M, 39Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 11 members of this family tested positive for the c.712C>T/c.499C>T germline variant of the VHL gene. 14 members of this family were assumed to carry this variant due to family history/personal medical history. Members of this family range from asymptomatic to multi-organ involvement (pheochromocytoma, pancreatic and renal cysts/tumors and hemangioblastomas). The family was previously reported in PMID 3942913.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: This patient presented with CNS hemangioblastoma (30 and 42Y) and retinal angioma (26Y). Patient died at 39Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0000077; HP:0001732; HP:0002666 (Renal cell carcinoma, Abnormality of the kidney, Abnormality of the pancreas, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 3942913 (some members of this family are previously reported (phenotypes only) but unable to match patients across papers with confidence)

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Authors state that the c.712C>T germline familial variant of the VHL gene in this patient is “inferred from the family”. No genetic testing was done on this patient to confirm this. Being that this familial variant is out of bound with respect to the NM_000551.3 reference sequence, it was concluded that this variant is noted in the Latif et al. (1993) reference and was translated to c.499C>T (NM_000551.3).

      MutationType: N/A

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Clinical Case This is a 32 year-old Thai male with VHL diagnosed at age 20 when he was found to have a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Genetic testing revealed a large deletion of exon 3 and poly A sites of VHL gene. Abdominal CT obtained as part of routine surveillance demonstrated multiple cystic lesions with rim enhancement in the pancreas. Based on CT characteristics, these lesions were presumed benign thus regular follow-up abdominal imagings were not performed. 10 years later, he developed abdominal discomfort. CT abdomen showed multiple solid and cystic enhancing lesions involving the entire pancreas with a hypervascular mass at segment 7 of liver. Given radiological findings, he was diagnosed with malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) with liver metastasis, thereupon underwent total pancreactomy with wedge resection of the liver mass. Surprisingly, the histopathology revealed a serous cystadenocarcinoma in the pancreas measuring 28 x 11.5 x 7 cm and a 4.5 x 4.5 x 3 cm metastatic lesion in the liver with hepatic capsular invasion. Since then annual abdominal CTs have been performed. Until present, there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence.

      PatientID: N/A (Case)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 32Y0M, Thai (South Asian)

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0030405 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma; pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: This male was diagnosed with VHL at 20Y when he was found to have a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Abdominal CT obtained as part of routine surveillance demonstrated multiple cystic lesions with rim enhancement in the pancreas. 10 years later, he developed abdominal discomfort, and an abdomen CT showed multiple solid and cystic enhancing lesions involving the entire pancreas with a hypervascular mass at segment 7 of liver. Given radiological findings, he was diagnosed with malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) with liver metastasis, thereupon underwent total pancreactomy with wedge resection of the liver mass. Surprisingly, the histopathology revealed a serous cystadenocarcinoma in the pancreas measuring 28 x 11.5 x 7 cm and a 4.5 x 4.5 x 3 cm metastatic lesion in the liver with hepatic capsular invasion. 

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 3 deletion

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Genetic testing revealed a large deletion of exon 3 and poly A sites of VHL gene.

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.533T>G p.Leu178Arg

      PatientID: None (proband 10’s son)

      KindredID: 10

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Patient’s father was found with hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 39Y, as well as retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cysts diagnose at 57Y

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had RCC diagnosed at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L178R (c.533T>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625261 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625261/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: L178R (c.533T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. VHL_5Frozenc.256C>Tp.Pro86SerM30AdrenalPCCB

      PatientID: VHL_5 (tumor ID)

      KindredID: 5

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Adrenal pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (Adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a benign adrenal pheochromocytoma at 30Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86S (c.256C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 178692, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/178692/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: P86S (c.256C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 8

      KindredID: 5

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband's grandfather, father, and uncle presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at ages 30, 36, and 33, respectively, and all passed away before they could be diagnosed with VHL disease.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0010797 (Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 21 and a multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (Renal cell carcinoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.S65L (c.194C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182975; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182975/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: S65L(c.194C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 233

      KindredID: 86

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 229) had a sister (patient 230) who was genetically confirmed with the mutation, and presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 40. The proband's brother 1 (patient 231) was also confirmed with the mutation and had a retinal angioma at 25, and renal cell carcinoma at 54. The proband's brother 2 passed away before they could be diagnosed/ confirmed with the mutation, but they had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 35. Finally, the proband's nephew (son of brother 2) was genetically confirmed with the mutation and presented with renal cell carcinoma at age 30.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband's nephew (son of brother 2) (patient 233) had a renal cell carcinoma at age 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0009711; HP:0010797 (Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.L178R (c.533T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625261, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625261/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: L178R (c.533T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. PatientID: 71

      KindredID: 25

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband has the same mutation as her son (patient no.72). Her son did not present with hemangioblastoma, multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma, or pheochromocytoma, and is apparently asymptomatic.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0001732 (Hemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with renal cell carcinoma at age 28, multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 28, and hemangioblastoma at age 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. The proband, a 52-year-old Iranian man, was recognized with VHL.

      PatientID: III-16 (proband)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 52Y0M, Iranian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Familial history was positive for BL-PCC in his son and his daughters, and for retinal hemangioblastoma and bilateral pheochromocytoma in his siblings. A total of 43 members of the kindred, 24 males and 19 females, aged 2-77 years were reached for evaluation. It is stated in the paper that all affected subjects (13) were positive for the same mutation (c.500G>A). Additionally, gene sequencing revealed that 4 asymptomatic members of the kindred also harbored the pathogenic mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0006880 (Pheochromocytoma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had bilateral pheochromocytoma diagnosed at 30Y which had been operated on surgically at 50Y. He was hospitalized at age 50Y also for headache, vertigo, and gait problems for the past 2 months. Brain MRI then showed a huge lobulated hyper-intense lesion measuring 48 by 38 by 28 mm in the right cerebellar hemisphere with significant projection into the fourth ventricle, consistent with hemangioblastoma of reticular pattern.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0000077 (abnormality of the kidney)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: There was no case of kidney tumors among the kindred.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  3. Oct 2026
    1. PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 19

      Case: F, 33Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive. The patient's son was the proband (1) and carried the mutation but was asymptomatic. The proband's uncle (7) carried the mutation and presented with symptoms. The proband's cousin (9) and first cousin once removed (22) were also found to have the mutation but were asymptomatic.

      CohortInfo: 20 unrelated VHL families from an ethnically diverse cohort containing both affected and unaffected individuals.

      CasePresentingHPOs:HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0001732, HP:0000077 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, abnormality of the pancreas, abnormality of the kidney)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a hemangioblastoma at ages 17, 24, 30. At age 25 she presented with renal cell carcinoma and abnormalities of the kidney and pancreas.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma )

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: The patient did not have epididymal or ovarian cysts.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 31368132

      SupplementalData: Supplementary file 1.

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.W88* (c.476G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 45-year old Japanese woman

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 45Y0M, Japanese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No evidence of a family history of VHL.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0030405; HP:0006880; HP:0006748; HP:0009711; HP:0001732; HP:0002896 (Pancreatic cysts, Pancreatic endocrine tumor, Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Adrenal pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Abnormality of the pancreas, Neoplasm of the liver)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband had a cerebellar hemangioblastoma resected at age 17, retinal hemangioblastoma surgery at age 26, and an adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma at age 30. An abdominal CT revealed a 4cm abdominal mass and diffuse pancreatic cystic lesions, diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText:

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q132* (c.394C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 288749, (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/288749/)

      CAID: CA10606205 (http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA10606205)

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Q132* (c.394C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 8

      KindredID: B

      Case: Sex Unknown, 42Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive VHL family history.

      CohortInfo: 10 VHL patients with renal cell carcinoma and a definite VHL family history.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a hemangioblastoma diagnosed at age 30. The patient was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma at age 38. A nephron-sparing surgery was performed on the left side. He was found to have one lesion with a diameter of 5.5 cm. The tumour had invaded and broken through the pseudocapasule. The patient was found to have a cyst on the right nephron.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 17 (22%) had frameshift variants

      PatientID: 14

      KindredID: 14

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0006770; HP:0100634 (hemangioblastoma; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; Neuroendocrine neoplasm)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had CNS hemangioblastoma, ccRCC and a neuroendocrine neoplasm reported as pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0030405; HP:0009711; HP:0030421 (pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, retinal capillary hemangioma, Epididymal neoplasm)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes; see table S1 for VHL subject genetic and manifestation information.

      Variant: p.V130Wfs*30 (c.385_386dup)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: p.Leu128fs (c.385_386dupCT) does not verify. Contacted authors for clarification and confirmation of c.385_386dup; p.Val130Trpfs*30 as the correct mutation

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2573130306 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.385_386dup

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: plus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: V130Wfs*30 (c.385_386dup)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In our study, group 5 represented the c.262T > C p.Trp88Arg mutation that included 21 patients from 2 families (Figure 4 and Table 3). Variability was observed in the mean age at onset for CHB and RCC, which were 41.1 ± 9.1 (range = 29–62) and 37.4 ± 12.9 (range = 23–65), respectively.

      PatientID: 15

      KindredID: 1 (group ID 5)

      Case: F, 32Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      CohortInfo: Clinical characteristics of 258 patients from 80 unrelated Chinese families were reported in this study. Grouped by the 21 mutations found, 2 families with 21 members total were described, and phenotypic information was given for this group.

      FamilyInfo: In family 1, 17 members were described. The first generation describes 5 members with the VHL mutation, each passing on the gene to further generations. Patient 15’s mother and grandfather had this familial mutation, as well as her sister and brother. Her son tested negative. See Fig 4 for family pedigree; Table 3 for details.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0001737 (renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: She had RCC and pancreatic cysts at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W88R (c.262T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 496053 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/496053/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: W88R (c.262T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. c.269A > T p.Asn90Ile (group 8)

      GroupID: 8

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 15

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: Chinese

      GroupAgeRange: 36.9Y +/- 15.6Y

      GroupInfo: Clinical characteristics of 258 patients from 80 unrelated Chinese families were reported in this study. Grouped by the 21 mutations found, 3 families with 15 members total were described, and phenotypic information was given for this group.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0002666 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, pheochromocytoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 10 of the 15 members presented with CNS hemangioblastoma (mean age of 29.9Y), 2/15 had retinal capillary hemangiomas at 23Y and 30Y, renal cell carcinoma in 4 members (at a mean age of 41.5Y), pancreatic cysts in 5 members (with a mean age of onset of 41.4Y), and 1 member with pheochromocytoma at 38Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009715 (papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: No patients were given with papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29330336; 28388566

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.N90I (c.269A>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223172 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223172/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: N90I (c.269A>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. c.263G > C p.Trp88Ser

      GroupID: 6B

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 9

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: Chinese

      GroupAgeRange: 33.8Y +/- 17.6Y

      GroupInfo: Clinical characteristics of 258 patients from 80 unrelated Chinese families were reported in this study. Grouped by the 21 mutations found, 3 families with 13 members total were described. it is unclear how many distinct families are reported in group 6B. 9 individuals were described. Phenotypic information was given for this mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0009715 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 7 of the 9 members presented with CNS hemangioblastoma (mean age of 29.9Y), 2/9 had retinal angiomas at 25Y and 35Y, 1 had renal cell carcinoma (at 30Y), pancreatic cysts in 2 members (with an age of onset of 30 and 31Y), and 1 member with a genital system tumor (epididymis or broad ligament) at 24Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: No patients were given with pheochromocytoma

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29330336; 28388566

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W88S (c.263G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2220, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2220/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W88S (c.263G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Family 7−2c.388G > C, p.Val130LeuNo2A30–313130–

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 7

      Case: Unknown, 31Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion:VHL

      FamilyInfo: None.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0001732, HP:0002666 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, abnormality of the pancreas, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText:The patient presented with hemangioblastoma and pheochromocytoma at age 30. One year later he was found to have renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cysts or tumors.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711(retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: No epididymal/ovarian cystadenomas.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29330336

      Variant: p.V130L (c.388G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2229 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2229/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V130L (c.388G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. MLPA showed an exon 2 deletion in proband 6

      PatientID: 6

      KindredID: 6

      Case: 30Y0M, Sex unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Their sister had the same deletion and presented with VHL disease type 1, and first presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 21. A second sister had no mutation and was asymptomatic, and the proband's daughter had the same deletion, but was asymptomatic at the time of the study.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009715; HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis, hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: CNS hemangioblastoma first presenting at age 15Y and RCC at age 22Y and EC (papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis) at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 2 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 2 deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Complete deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 28

      PatientID: III

      Case: 40Y0M, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family 28 consisted of 4 members; one relative (age 27Y) was found with multiple cerebellar HABs at 25Y, and multiple spinal HABs, another was diagnosed with a single cerebellar HAB at 24Y, and a final relative (62Y), diagnosed with a single HAB.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0006880 (spinal hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient was diagnosed at 30Y with multiple cerebellar HABs, and multiple spinal HABs

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: complete deletion of VHL gene

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Haplotype analysis information in Table 3

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A deletion of exon 3 in the VHL gene was found in this family.

      PatientID: III-5

      KindredID: Family A

      Case: F, 32Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Patient’s grandfather (I-1), now deceased, and aunt (II-1) had CNS/spinal hemangioblastoma and the confirmed VHL gene mutation. Her mom II-2 had confirmed VHL and CNS hemangioblastoma; and her cousin (III-6) has renal cell carcinoma and CNS/spinal hemangioblastoma and also the confirmed VHL gene mutation. Her uncle (II-3) has confirmed VHL gene and pancreatic and renal cysts. Her brother and sister (III-3; III-4) both were found with the confirmed VHL gene mutation; III-3 with retinal hemangioblastoma and CNS/spinal hemangioblastomas and III-4 with pancreatic and ovarian cysts. IV-1 and IV-3, were confirmed with the VHL gene mutation although no other manifestations.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (CNS hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: developed hemangioblastoma at the optic nerve in her left eye at the age of 16. At the age of 30, patient A III-5 underwent surgery for a CNS hemangioblastoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Deletion of exon 3 (c.464-?_642+?del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 3 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: 30Y0M, Sex and Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Recorded as a familial tumor; no other family info present

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bilateral pheochromocytoma reported with an age at diagnosis of 30 years of age.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET, SDHB/SDHC/SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2219 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2219/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 3Deletion

      PatientID: unknown (sister)

      KindredID: 13

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: the patient’s brother was found with hemangioblastomas, RCC, and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors at 23Y, and retinal angiomas at 24Y. Their mother was found at 43Y with CNS hemangioblastomas, however she died before diagnosis; no DNA sample was available.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737 (hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma; pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had hemangioblastomas, RCC, and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors diagnosed at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: exon 3 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: exon 3 deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A 33-year-old Japanese woman had suffered back pain for seven years. She was referred to our institute because multiple solid tumors in the pancreas had gradually increased in size, which was pointed out at 27 years of age. She had a medical history of treatment for a variety of VHLD-associated tumors, including a pancreatic NET surgically resected at 14 years of age, hemangiomas of the fourth ventricle and cervical spinal cord operated at 19 years of age, and a renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney treated by nephrectomy at 30 years of age.

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 33Y0M, Japanese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Her father and elder brother were also diagnosed with VHLD, with her father having a medical history of two surgical resections for pancreatic NET and associated metastatic recurrence in the liver.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405, HP:0009713, HP:0005584, HP:0010797 (Pancreatic endocrine tumor, Spinal hemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: She first developed multiple solid tumors of the pancreas at age 27 and they continued to grow until she was referred to the institute at age 33. She had a pancreatic endocrine tumour at age 14. At age 19, she had hemangiomas of the fourth ventricle and cervical spinal cord and a renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney treated by nephrectomy at 30 years of age.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID: 6

      Case: 31Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation (c.182_185delCCGT) was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal capillary hemangioma diagnosed at 31Y and cerebellar hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma; pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.P61Rfs*5 (c.182_185delCCGT)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658820712 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.182_185del

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: P61FS (c.182_185delCCGT)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 60

      KindredID: 23

      Case: M, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 23) had three family members genetically confirmed with the mutation: his son/ patient 61 (asymptomatic at time of assessment), his daughter/ patient 62 (asymptomatic at time of assessment), and his cousin/ the son of his Aunt 3/ patient 68 (CNS hemangioblastoma at 26). The proband also had 5 family members who passed away before they could be confirmed with the mutation: his father/patient 63 (CNS hemangioblastoma at 35, retinal angioma at 35); his sister/ patient 64 (CNS hemangioblastoma at 24 and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 31); his aunt 1/ patient 65 had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 35; his aunt 2/ patient 66 had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 20; and his aunt 3/ patient 67 had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 44.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001732; HP:0001737 HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (Abnormality of the pancreas, Pancreatic cysts, Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with CNS hemangioblastoma and retinal angioma at 25, renal cell carcinoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 30.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.W88S (c.263G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2220; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2220/?new_evidence=true

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W88S (c.263G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  4. Sep 2026
    1. Four at surface of earth, likewise were there fiveAbove on the shoulder-brace.

      The shining jewels represent Jesus's divinity and the glory after Jesus's death. At that time, the rood was a cruel punishment equipment, but through the decoration of the jewels, it has been transformed into a victor tree. It's new for me to know that jewels can represent as a symbol of sacred.

    2. Scyld the Scefing

      Scyld Scefing is the legendary founder of Danish royal line in Beowulf, representing an ideal warrior-king. Scyld: Means ''Shield'', symbolizing his role as a protector of his people. Scefing: Means "with a sheaf of wheat" or "son of Scef", refers to his story as a helpless orphan found floating in a boat.

  5. Aug 2026
  6. May 2026
  7. Apr 2026
    1. Treatment of superficial vein reflux (see Varicose Veins, above) has been shown to decrease the recurrence rate of venous ulcers. Where there is substantial obstruction of the femoral or popliteal deep venous system, superficial varicosities supply the venous return and should not be removed.

      Failure of venous insufficiency ulcerations to heal is most often due to inconsistent use of first-line treatment methods. Ongoing control of edema is essential to prevent recurrent ulceration; the use of compression stockings following ulcer healing is critical, with recurrence rates 2–20 times higher if compression stockings are not used

      Duplex ultrasound evaluation should assess blood flow direction, venous reflux, and venous obstruction, and include examination of the deep venous system, great saphenous vein (GSV), small saphenous vein (SSV) and its thigh extension (Giacomini vein), accessory saphenous veins, and perforating veins. Venography is recommended primarily in patients with post-thrombotic disease, especially when intervention is planned, as it provides greater anatomic detail than duplex ultrasonograph The examination also identifies patterns of disease that have treatment implications. Axial reflux is defined as uninterrupted retrograde flow from groin to calf and can occur in either superficial or deep systems. [4] Junctional reflux is limited to the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction, while segmental reflux occurs in a portion of a truncal vein. [4] Understanding whether reflux originates from superficial junctions versus deep venous incompetence fundamentally changes treatment planning, as superficial disease is amenable to ablation while deep disease typically requires conservative management Management of secondary varicose veins from post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is fundamentally different and more challenging. Compression therapy, lifestyle modifications, and symptom management form the cornerstone of PTS treatment. [4-8] Elastic compression stockings (20-30 mm Hg), leg elevation, weight loss, and exercise constitute the primary therapeutic approach Endovascular interventions for PTS—including percutaneous transluminal venoplasty and stenting—are reserved for select patients with significant iliofemoral obstruction who have failed conservative management. [7] These procedures require careful patient selection and standardized criteria. The role of superficial venous ablation in PTS patients with concomitant superficial reflux remains controversial and should be approached cautiously, as the underlying deep venous pathology may limit benefit

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  8. Dec 2025
    1. Das US-Anerikanische Hardland-Institut, lobbyiert inzwischen durch Vermittlung der FPÖ auch bei der EU in Brüssel you Benedikt Naudov-Slaski zeigt in einem Artikel im Falter auf, dass das Institut selbst bei der Darstellung der eigenen angeblichen Erfolge unseres Arbeiter. Herzlandvertreter behaupten, kommen ein EU-Klimagesetz gestoppt zu haben. Und nennen dafür ein Datum, kann man an dem tatsächlich nur eine ungarische Ministerin gegen die EU-Renaturierungsverordnung argumentiert hat, kann man die dann aber schließlich angenommen worden. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000254766/wie-us-klimawandelleugner-fake-news-ueber-die-eu-verbreiten-und-die-fpoe-ihnen-dabei-hilft

  9. Nov 2025
  10. Oct 2025
  11. soochowmss.sharepoint.com soochowmss.sharepoint.com
    1. She told the blind man she'd written a poemand he was in it. She told him that she was writing a poemabout what it was like to be an Air Force officer's wife

      It’s interesting because it shows how deeply the blind man influenced her inner life. Even years later, she still felt the need to share her emotions and experiences with him through poetry.

    2. On her last day in the office, the blindman asked if he could touch her face. She agreed to this. Shetold me he touched his fingers to every part of her face, hernose---even her neck!

      It surprises me because I never imagined that touching someone’s face could be such an intimate and meaningful act, especially between two people who were not romantically involved.

  12. Sep 2025
  13. soochowmss.sharepoint.com soochowmss.sharepoint.com
    1. I didn't tell her that. Maybe I just don't understand poetry.I admit it's not the first thing I reach for when I pick upsomething to read

      One might expect him to feel curiosity, or strong emotion reading about it , but he responds with self-reflection. H is emotional is unexpected to me

    1. “We can’t change the world, at least not quickly, but we can change our brains. By practicingmindfulness all of us have the capacity to develop a deeper sense of calm.”— Rick Hanson, author,Resilient

      focusing on ourself first, rather than trying to make some difference in this world. It is significant to have good mindset and develop calmness first to be ready to deal with tasks.

    2. The mosteffective way to combat procrastination is to use time and project management strategies such as schedules,goal setting, and other techniques to get tasks accomplished in a timely manner.

      It is truly important to schedule tasks and break the tasks into smaller pieces, in order to finish work step by step. Just like the quote which professor mentioned in class : "You can only see as far as your headlights, but you can make the whole trip that way."

  14. Jun 2025
  15. May 2025
    1. Der Artikel diskutiert die Nutzung von BECCS (Bioenergie mit CO₂-Abscheidung und -Speicherung) zur Reduktion von CO₂-Emissionen. BECCS könnte negative Emissionen erzielen, indem CO₂ aus der Verbrennung von Biomasse abgeschieden und gespeichert wird. Dies könnte neue Geschäftsmodelle ermöglichen und Kostenvorteile bei der Energieerzeugung bringen.

      Kritiker, die sich auf mehrere hier verlinkte Studien zur Holzwirtschaft und zur ökologischen Situation in Deutschland berufen, warnen jedoch, dass BECCS nicht als Ersatz für Emissionsreduktionen dienen sollte. Ohne klare politische Leitplanken könnten schädliche Nebeneffekte wie Waldzerstörung und ineffiziente Energienutzung auftreten. Die energetische Effizienz von Anlagen sinkt durch die CO₂-Abscheidung, was zu höherem Brennstoffverbrauch führt. Zudem könnte der Anreiz zur Emissionsvermeidung sinken, wenn Unternehmen auf CO₂-Zertifikate setzen. Eine starke Nachfrage nach Holzbiomasse könnte Waldökosysteme weiter belasten und die Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen Bioökonomie behindern.

      [Zusammenfassung generiert mit Mistral und ergänzt]

      https://www.klimareporter.de/technik/teure-luftbuchung-co2-abscheidung-in-holzkraftwerken

  16. Apr 2025
  17. Mar 2025
    1. Comfort with Discomfort: Practices

      for - program event selection - 2025 - April 2 - 2-3:30 pm GMT - Skoll World Forum - Comfort with Discomfort: Practices for Lasting Social Change - Stop Reset Go - Deep Humanity - Common Human Denominators - LCE - relevant to - event time conflict - with - Leadership in Alien Times

  18. Feb 2025
  19. Jan 2025
    1. he is the most powerful person in the world himself he is the elite of all Elites so this elitist cabal if there were one he'd be a part of it right and and that's what breaks down their framework If there really were this deep state globalist cabal

      for - youtube - Trump's Epstein Problem just got much worse! - polycrisis - misinformation - conspiracy theory - inconsistency with Trump now in power - If Deep State cabal existed and had all this power, why allow Trump to win? - Luke Beasley - 2025, Jan 30

    1. While the food system contributes about 22-34% of the world’s greenhouse gases — it only gets about 2.5-3% of the climate funding.

      for - stats - climate crisis - funding - food system - contributes 30% of global emissions - receives 2.5% climate funding - only 1.5% of the 2.5% goes to sustainable food systems - source - Public climate finance for food systems transformation - Global Alliance for the Future of Food - 2024, Nov - reposted on LinkedIn by Jonathan Foley - to - Public climate finance for food systems transformation - Global Alliance for the Future of Food - 2024, Nov - https://hyp.is/E3p2hsqlEe-tG0ezHCPriw/futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ga_climatefinancereport_2024.pdf - TPC network - motivation

  20. Dec 2024
      • Prekäre Verbindung von Anthropozän-Geschichte und Politik.
      • Geschichte der Freiheit ist zugleich Geschichte ökologischen Krisen.
      • Spezies als negatives Universale
      • Zufälligkeit des Kapitalismus

      Chakrabarty formuliert sehr klar, worin die Neuartigkeit und Einzigartigkeit der historischen Situation des Anthropozän besteht, und damit auch, was die Herausforderung dieser Situation für Politik und Geschichtsschreibung ausmacht. Politik ist ohne die Dimension der Spezies Geschichte nicht mehr zu verstehen, und umgekehrt lässt sich diese Geschichte aber nur als auch politische Geschichte, und damit als Geschichte von Machtverhältnissen begreifen. Diese Dimension der Geschichte wird in der aktuellen westlichen Politik so gut wie nicht begriffen oder gar berücksichtigt.

      Chakrabarty spricht in diesem Text immer nur von der einen Spezies Mensch. Möglicherweise kann man die Besonderheit dieser Spezies als einer historischen Entität besser verstehen, wenn man ihre Beziehungen zu anderen Spezies mitdenkt. Diese Beziehungen sind immer auch räumlich und lassen sich in der kritischen Zone der Erde lokalisieren. So lässt sich vielleicht auch Geschichte der Spezies und Geschichte der Globalisierung leichter in Verbindung bringen.

      Die Globalisierung geht von der Möglichkeit eines positiven Universale "Menschheit" Ist. Die Geschichte der Spezies ist dagegen die Geschichte unterschiedlicher lokale Beziehungen zu anderen Spezies. Die Globalisierung als ein Prozess, durch den die als Einheit unsinnige Menschheit den Planeten überall in der gleichen Weise ausbeutet, ist nur als Fiktion zuende zuführen.

      Am Anfang schreibt Chakrabarti über die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Geschichte durch Verständnis und Rekonstruktion der Intentionen von Akteuren, die damit als nicht natürlich begriffen werden,. Als Naturwesen sind sie nicht Gegenstand der Geschichte. Diese Überlegung erinnern mich an den von Chakrabarty nicht erwähnten Max Weber, der vom subjektiven Sinn als Voraussetzung der verstehenden Wissenschaften ausgegangen ist. Ihre Geschichte im anthropozän ist dagegen eine ganz andere als die von ihnen intendierte und nachvollziehbare. Natur würde vielleicht sagen, dass ich die Akteure vervielfachen und das Geschichten mit diesen vervielfachten Akteuren geschrieben werden müssen. Ein Beispiel wäre die Geschichte der Nutzung der fossilen Brennstoffe, wie sie Timothy Mitchell geschrieben hat.

  21. Nov 2024
  22. Oct 2024
  23. Sep 2024
  24. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. The first useful concept is the idea of short assignments. Oftenwhen you sit down to write, what you have in mind is anautobiographical novel about your childhood

      9/30 Interesting : This often happens to me whether im writting an essay or paragraph with a childhood topic.

    2. So you get up and do your morning things, and one thingleads to another, and eventually, at nine, you find yourself backat the desk, staring blankly at the pages you filled yesterday.

      9/30 Interesting : This line relates to things we do in our daily, when you feel like you doing lot of things but actually not.

    3. Writing can give you what having a baby can giveyou: it can get you to start paying attention, can help yousoften, can wake you up

      Yes, but there’s a little bit of different with writing and a baby. For example, you can rewrite the essay but you can’t rebirth a baby.

    4. n, I couldn't think of a single restaurantwhere I'd ever actually eate

      9/30 Surprising: I thought it’s command to remember the restaurant I’ve been to, until I read this sentence and find out that I can’t even remembered which restaurant I’ve been to yesterday.

  25. Aug 2024
  26. May 2024
    1. Der staatliche saudische Ölkonzern Aramco verzichtet darauf, seine tägliche Ölproduktions-Kapazität bis 2027 von 12 auf 13 Millionen Barrel zu steigern. Als ein Grund dafür wird die gesteigerte Öl-Produktion der USA vermutet. Die Investitionen werden wohl in andere Bereiche, darunter Erdgas und Wasserstoff fließen. Aramco wird aber weiterhin investieren, um sinkende Kapazitäten der schon erschlossenen Ölfelder auszugleichen. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/30/business/saudi-aramco-oil-production.html

    1. Reclaim Finance zufolge ist 2022/23 die Finanzierung von 437 Öl- und Gasprojekte genehmigt worden. Beteiligt sind 200 Unternehmen in 58 Ländern. Die Projekte widersprechen der Roadmap der IEA zur Klimaneutralität von 2021, in der keine neuen fossilen Projekte vorgesehen sind. Eine Schlüsselrolle haben staatliche Firmen in Öl und Gas produzierenden Staaten. Bei der Zahl der Projekte liegen Russland und Norwegen vorne. Europäische Ölgesellschaften haben eine Reduzierung ihrer (unzureichenden) Dekarbonisierungsziele angekündigt. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/437-nouveaux-projets-petroliers-et-gaziers-quels-sont-les-pays-moteurs-des-energies-fossiles-en-2023-20231130_QRXDTQKM7NBIZGXWUNFQ7QRSWM/

    1. Verantwortliche der großen amerikanischen Ölfirmen haben auch nach 2015 privat zugegeben, dass sie die Gefahren fossiler Brennstoffe heruntergespielt haben. Sie haben internationale Pläne gegen die globale Erhitzung nach außen hin unterstützt und nach innen kommuniziert, dass ihre Firmenpolitik diesen Plänen widerspricht. Und sie haben gegen politische Maßnahmen lobbyiert, hinter die sie sich offiziell gestellt haben. Das alles ergibt sich aus dem neuen Bericht des amerikanischen Kongresses über die Desinformations-Politik von Big Oil. Ausführlicher Bericht mit Informationen über mögliche juristische Konsequenzen. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/30/big-oil-climate-crisis-us-senate-report

  27. Apr 2024
    1. 33(3) of Regulation 2016/679), the procedure for assessing and notifying data protection breaches personal data(Article 34 of Regulation 2016/679), procedures for keeping an internal register of data protection breaches (Article33 of Regulation 2016/679) and a register of processing activities and the scope of the register of categories ofprocessing activities (Article 30 of Regulation 2016/679

      This is a dummy annotation

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  28. Mar 2024
  29. Feb 2024
  30. Jan 2024
    1. In dem neuen sogenannten Österreic-Plan der ÖVP spielt Klimaneutralität keine Rolle. 20 Milliarden sollen bis 2030 in den Straßenbau investiert werden, zusätzlich eine Milliarde in sogenannte grüne Verbrenner. Außerdem setzt man auf CO2 Abscheidung und Speicherung. Fragen nach dem Klimaschutz gesetzt lassen die Verantwortlichen der ÖVP unbeantwortet. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000205164/von-oesterreich-plan-bis-klimagesetz-die-oevp-meidet-das-klima-thema

    1. Das britische Climate Change Commitee hat seit 18 Monaten keinen Chair. Die Nichtbesetzung dieser Stelle durch die Regierung gilt ein Signal dafür, dass sie sich zunehmend von den Dekarbonisierungszielen der konservativen Vorgängerregierungen entfernt. Fachleute, darunter Nicolas Stern, kritisieren die Verzögerung. Das Komitee legt unter anderem die britischenTreibhausgas-budgets fest und hatte in der Vergangenheit die zu langsame Politik der Regierung wiederholt deutlich kritisiert.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/30/sunak-under-fire-failure-appoint-climate-committee-chief

    1. Zusammenfassender Artikel über Studien zu Klimafolgen in der Antarktis und zu dafür relevanten Ereignissen. 2023 sind Entwicklungen sichtbar geworden, die erst für wesentlich später in diesem Jahrhundert erwartet worden waren. Der enorme und möglicherweise dauerhafte Verlust an Merreis ist dafür genauso relevant wie die zunehmende Instabilität des westantarktischen und möglicherweise inzwischen auch des ostantarktischen Eisschilds. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/31/red-alert-in-antarctica-the-year-rapid-dramatic-change-hit-climate-scientists-like-a-punch-in-the-guts

  31. Dec 2023
  32. Nov 2023
  33. Oct 2023
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmita

      During shmita, the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity, including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting, is forbidden by halakha (Jewish law).

      The sabbath year (shmita; Hebrew: שמיטה, literally "release"), also called the sabbatical year or shǝvi'it (שביעית‎, literally "seventh"), or "Sabbath of The Land", is the seventh year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by the Torah in the Land of Israel and is observed in Judaism.

  34. Sep 2023
  35. Aug 2023
    1. Purple is a small suite of quickly hacked tools inspired by Doug Engelbart's attempt to bootstrap the addressing features of his Augment system onto HTML pages. Its purpose is simple: produce HTML documents that can be addressed at the paragraph level. It does this by automatically creating name anchors with static and hierarchical addresses at the beginning of each text node, and by displaying these addresses as links at the end of each text node.    1A  (02)

      Purple is a suite of tools from 2001 that allow one to create numbered addresses/anchors at the paragraph level of a digital document.


      Link: Dave Winer's site still has support for purple numbers.

  36. Jan 2023
    1. the South’s losses due to unequal exchange outstrip their total aid receipts over the period by a factor of 30. Our analysis confirms that unequal exchange is a significant driver of global inequality, uneven development, and ecological breakdown.

      !- Comment : 30 to 1 ratio of unequal exchange to North to South Aid - structural unfairness baked into the system - the North knowingly benefits - Knowing this, it can be argued that North states are structurally corrupt and morally bankrupt knowingly imposing this mass suffering upon the south

  37. Sep 2022
    1. Artykuł poświęcony metodzie Zettelkasten Niklasa Luhmanna. Autor omawia ją na swój sposób, bardziej jednak zachwalając lub pisząc ogólnie, niż opisując szczegółowo. Podaje kilka informacji, opisuje swoje podejście i rozwiązania, powiela przy tym jednak parę błędnych przekonań.

      Zaletą tekstu jest jednak to, że autor powołuje się na źródła, podaje parę ciekawych, w tym także naukowych, tekstów. Ogólnie sądzę, że to dobre wprowadzenie dla kogoś, kto nie zna tej metody, choć problemem jest powtarzanie błędnych przekonań. Z kolei dla osoby średniozaawansowanej nie ma tu nic odkrywczego i nowego.

    2. The Zettelkasten principles

      Autor wymienia 12 podstawowych reguł Zettelkasten, jednakże powiela tym samym mity na temat tej metody.

      1. "Atomowość" notatek - notatki wcale nie muszą być atomowe.
      2. Autonomiczność notatek - notatki wcale nie muszą być autonomiczne.
      3. Obowiązkowe linkowanie - notatki mogą być ze sobą powiązane również kategorią, w której się znajdują lub kolejnością, w jakiej występują.
      4. Wyjaśnianie linkowania - nie ma potrzeby każdorazowego tłumaczenia, dlaczego łączy się notatki. Jeśli notatki są zrozumiałe same z siebie, w wielu przypadkach ich połączenie również jest zrozumiałe.
      5. Pisanie własnymi słowami - zapisywanie cytatów, czy kopiowanie jest jak najbardziej dozwolone, trzeba tylko robić to umiejętnie.
      6. Przypisy i źródła - jeśli notatka jest oparta na źródle, to oczywiste, w przeciwnym razie nie jest to niezbędne.
      7. Dodawanie własnych przemyśleń - na tym polega idea notowania, jest to więc banalne stwierdzenie.
      8. Nie przejmuj się strukturą - i tak i nie. Struktura nie jest nadrzędną zasadą, jednak warto mieć ją na uwadze, ponieważ pozwala organizować notatki i je potem odnajdywać.
      9. Notatki łączące - to oczywista praktyka, zatem to nic szczególnego.
      10. Notatki indeksowe - notatki ze spisem tematów, czy zarysem i tak dalej, to także dość oczywiste.
      11. Nie usuwaj notatek - to akurat dobra rada, która jednak wynika też z tego, że notatki posiadają swoje miejsce w katalogu i indeksie, zatem ich usuwanie powodowałoby powstawanie pustych miejsc.
      12. Dodawaj notatki bez obaw - cóż, odrobina motywacji na koniec nie zaszkodzi, ale czy to jakaś istotna zasada, nie wiem.
    3. A second problem is that a folder-based approach makes it hard to draw connections between ideas that have been filed away in different folders.

      Rozwiązaniem tego problemu są odpowiednie notatki, które te połączenia właśnie prezentują. Poza tym, jak niby bez podziału na foldery te połączenia wyglądają?

    1. Autorka przedstawia swoje podejście do notatek Zettelkasten, jednakże skupia się w głównej mierze na aspekcie estetycznym oraz materialnym (rodzaj fiszek, papier, pudełka, taśmy).

      Warte uwagi są jednak dwa elementy: - segregowanie grup notatek, a tym samym tworzenie identyfikatora literowego od nazwy kategorii; - stosowanie kolorów dla oznaczania określonych grup notatek.

    1. Autor przedstawia ideę commonplace book, przywołując zbiór cytatów na ten temat, przedstawiając to, jak rozumiano ten sposób gromadzenia informacji i tekstów (miejsce do przechowywania wiedzy), jak robili to różni ludzie (notatniki z wydzielonymi działami); przedstawia też powody czy motywacje, stojące za taką praktyką (potrzeba przywołania myśli, zebranych argumentów), na końcu zestawia commonplace book z internetem.

    1. Autorka przedstawia zagadnienie robienia notatek i ich organizacji. Podaje również techniczne informacje na temat notatników i sposobów zapisywania informacji.

      Autorka przedstawia następujące metody notowania: - metoda Cornella - plan punktowy, zarys (outline) - mapa myśli - commonplace book (autorka pokazuje przykład notatek Leonarda da Vinci) - dziennik (bullet journal) - Zettelkasten.

      Ponadto autorka jeszcze podaje wskazówki, dotyczące ulepszenia metod notowania: ręczne notowanie, wyodrębnianie najważniejszych zagadnień, zadawanie pytań, używanie własnych słów, tagowanie notatek.

  38. Jun 2022
    1. It is a fact that lands have been sold for five shillings, which were worth one hundred pounds: if sheriffs, thus immediately under the eye of our state legislature and judiciary, have dared to commit these outrages, what would they not have done if their masters had been at Philadelphia or New York?

      This is almost hilarious in light of how the U.S. Government has since repeatedly dispossessed Indigenous Americans of their lands for far less than "five shillings."

  39. Oct 2021
  40. Sep 2021
  41. Jul 2021
  42. Jun 2021
  43. Apr 2021
    1. Adam Finn. ‘There Are Some News Outlets & Politicians Incorrectly Reporting and Criticising Respectively MHRA for Advising against Use of OxAZ in under 30s. Neither MHRA nor EMA Have Done This. JCVI Have Expressed a Preference for Alternative Vaccines for Healthy under 30s in the UK Context’. Tweet. @adamhfinn (blog), 8 April 2021. https://twitter.com/adamhfinn/status/1380031766703058944.

  44. Mar 2021
    1. Results for individual PALB2 variants were normalized relative to WT-PALB2 and the p.Tyr551ter (p.Y551X) truncating variant on a 1:5 scale with the fold change in GFP-positive cells for WT set at 5.0 and fold change GFP-positive cells for p.Y551X set at 1.0. The p.L24S (c.71T>C), p.L35P (c.104T>C), p.I944N (c.2831T>A), and p.L1070P (c.3209T>C) variants and all protein-truncating frame-shift and deletion variants tested were deficient in HDR activity, with normalized fold change <2.0 (approximately 40% activity) (Fig. 1a).

      AssayResult: 6.4

      AssayResultAssertion: Normal

      StandardErrorMean: 0.96

    1. Most Suspected Brugada Syndrome Variants Had (Partial) Loss of Function

      AssayResult: 3.2

      AssayResultAssertion: Abnormal

      ReplicateCount: 16

      StandardErrorMean: 0.5

      Comment: This variant had loss of function of peak current (<10% of wildtype), therefore it was considered abnormal (in vitro features consistent with Brugada Syndrome Type 1). (Personal communication: A. Glazer)

  45. Feb 2021
  46. Oct 2020
  47. moodle.southwestern.edu moodle.southwestern.edu
  48. moodle.southwestern.edu moodle.southwestern.edu
    1. The challenges before us—the worst public health crisis in a century, the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression, the worst period of global upheaval in a generation, the urgent global crisis posed by climate change, the intolerable racial injustice that still stains the fabric of our nation—will test America’s character like never before.

      I know that we are making history but it doesn't exactly feel like it. The election feels like a joke. There is a stark difference between what came out of Roosevelt's mouth and either of the presidential candidates mouth's. Now it is a matter of choosing the lesser of two evils than a heroic leader to help our country achieve greatness.

  49. Sep 2020
    1. “We’re changing federalism from the idea of shared expertise in different policy areas into partisan stakes in the ground that are meant to obstruct opponents,” Robertson says.

      This is so true with the Trump Administrations "Alternative Facts" it is as though we will soon be living in the dystopian novel Brave New World.

    2. “The coronavirus response is actually sort of a perfect measuring stick of our transition to our contemporary, very polarized model of federalism.”

      I want to reference the Netflix documentary Social Dilemma. The documentary says that the reason politics has become so polarized is because of social media. Everyone is operating off of a different set of facts.

    1. It could create incentives for action by conditioning a portion of funds going to states in any future relief packages on states’ adherence to the measures

      Why did this not happen? I feel like it isn’t the federalist system in general that are failing us— it’s the leaders of the system. Why did congress not make a playbook and create incentives for states to follow them? This reminds me of how the drinking age became 21 in every state from the funding of the highways.

    2. Lacking strong federal leadership to guide a uniform response, the United States quickly fulfilled the World Health Organization’s prediction that it would become the new epicenter of Covid-19.

      I wonder if a democrat was in office when covid hit if we would have stronger federal leadership. Would we have been in a state of emergency if someone who believed in the facts of science wasn’t in office? I have trouble believing that there is nothing the president could have done to prevent covid from getting this out of hand.

    3. subject to constitutionally protected individual rights such as due process, equal protection, and freedom of travel and association

      I didn’t know that it is within our rights to travel and associate with whomever we choose. I wouldn’t think the government would be able to control who would be able to leave their house or hang out with who anyway. I guess this shows how right the article about uninformed citizens we read last week is right.

  50. Jul 2019
    1. In each case the country that was left on its own has always seemed to pay a price, by being stretched militarily and diplomatically.

      Yeah, but the relative power structures of each country at the point of isolation really was and remains so very different.

      Moreover, the economic, technological and military solutions are without a doubt the best.

  51. Jun 2019
  52. May 2019
    1. For each strain calls from a single colony, picked with a microtip from the appropriate medium were suspended in 10 μL zymolyase cocktail and incubated at 37ºC for 90 min. 2 μL of zymolyase-treated cell suspension was used as the template in a 25 μL PCR reaction
  53. Nov 2018
  54. Sep 2018
    1. In order to protect local interests, and to prevent sectional jealousies, it was found requisite that the three great divisions into which British North America is separated, should be represented in the Upper House on the principle of equality. There are three great sections, having different interests, in this proposed Confederation.

      §§. 21-36 & § 91(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867

      Referenced in Re: Authority of Parliament in relation to the Upper House, [1980] 1 SCR 54, 1979 CanLII 169 (SCC)

    2. To the Upper House is to be confided the protection of sectional interests ; therefore is it that the three great divisions are there equally represented, for the purpose of defending such interests against the combinations of majorities in the Assembly.

      §§. 21-36 & § 91(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867

      Referenced in Re: Authority of Parliament in relation to the Upper House, [1980] 1 SCR 54, 1979 CanLII 169 (SCC)

    1. But the very essence of our compact is that the union shall be federal and not legislative. Our Lower Canada friends have agreed to give us representation by population in the Lower House, on the express condition that they shall have equality in the Upper House. On no other condition could we have advanced a step ; and, for my part, I am quite willing they should have it. In maintaining the existing sectional boundaries and handing over the control of local matters to local bodies, we recognize, to a certain extent, a diversity of interests ; and it was quite natural that the protection for those interests, by equality in the Upper Chamber, should be demanded by the less numerous provinces.

      §§. 21-36 & § 91(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867

      Referenced in Re: Authority of Parliament in relation to the Upper House, [1980] 1 SCR 54, 1979 CanLII 169 (SCC)

  55. Jun 2018
    1. Copies of the Transcript or Recording. Unless the parties agree or the court orders otherwise, the officer must retain the record of a deposition according to the applicable records retention and disposition schedules adopted by the Supreme Court. Upon payment of a reasonable charge, the officer must provide a copy of the transcript or recording to any party or to the deponent.
    2. Review by the Deponent; Changes.(1) Review; Statement of Changes. If requested by the deponent or a party before the deposition is completed, the deponent must be allowed 30 days after being notified by the officer that the transcript or recording is available in which:(A) to review the transcript or recording; and(B) if there are changes in form or substance, to sign and deliver to the officer a statement listing the changes and the reasons for making them.(2) Officer's Certificate to Attach Changes. The officer must note in the certificate prescribed by Rule 30(f)(1) whether a review was requested and, if so, must attach any changes the deponent made during the 30-day period.
    3. Objections. The officer must note on the record any objection made during the deposition--whether to evidence, to a party's, deponent's, or counsel's conduct, to the officer's qualifications, to the manner of taking the deposition, or to any other aspect of the deposition
    4. Certification and Delivery. The officer must certify in writing that the deponent was duly sworn by the officer and that the deposition accurately records the deponent's testimony. The certificate must accompany the record of the deposition. Unless the court orders otherwise, the officer must seal the deposition in an envelope or package bearing the title of the action and marked “Deposition of [witness's name]” and must promptly deliver it to the attorney who arranged for the transcript or recording. The attorney must store it under conditions that will protect it against loss, destruction, tampering, or deterioration.
  56. Oct 2017
    1. sity faculty member) describes her temporomandibular joint disorder in this way: "It's like a shadow that throws the other parts of my life into brighter contrast. You see my brights are brighter, 'cause I have this darkness hovering all around the edges" (1992:129). Weapon or demon metaphors are often used to describe pain (see also Good 1992). Scarry's respon- dents refer to pain as a "knife, or bones that cut through

      I think majority of the people in the transcripts are trying to give a metaphorical presentation of their pain – because it’s hard for someone, an outsider no less, to understand and fully grasp what an addict is going through and to know, truly, how difficult it is to get back on track – and even more so how dissuasive it feels to even return to their previous, healthy state.

      This excerpt from the study is an example of an allegorical interpretation of their pain because they use actions or examples to better describe the pain they undergo during “withdrawal pain.” In the first instance of this excerpt, the girl describes how things are in much "higher contrast" - she can see the positives much brighter with these drugs, but she can also feel the negatives much deeper and opaque with the loss of it. Hence, the comparison creates a strong kind of dependency, a strong, overwhelming feeling of need. And at the last part of the section, they describe weapon metaphors such as "knife, or bones that cut through." That kind of extreme, brutal, and gruesome pain is being used in their narratives to describe the torture, the magnitude of what their "withdrawal pain" feels like.