Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in that two-century history.
180年的机构历史提供了重要背景，但'most critical moment'的主观判断缺乏量化依据。这种表述反映了媒体对当前科学重要性的强调，但需要具体数据支持这一历史性断言，例如科学资金、论文数量或政策变化的量化指标。
The model is named after Rosalind Franklin, whose rigorous research helped reveal the structure of DNA and laid foundations for modern molecular biology.
以Rosalind Franklin命名这一AI模型，不仅是对历史科学家的致敬，也暗示了AI在科学发现中的角色定位。Franklin的贡献常被忽视，这反映了科学发现中系统性偏见的问题，而AI可能成为纠正这种偏见的工具。
Illinois was also early to regulate biometric data collection, passing the Biometric Information Privacy Act in 2008.
令人惊讶的是：伊利诺伊州在2008年就通过了生物特征信息隐私法，比许多州的AI监管立法早了近15年。这表明该州在技术监管方面一直处于前沿，从生物识别数据到AI，该州似乎总是提前应对新兴技术带来的隐私挑战。
Across 1,000 runs, Claude Mythos Preview was able to find several bugs in OpenBSD, including one that allows any attacker to remotely crash a computer running it. The notable thing was that the bug had existed for 27 years.
令人惊讶的是：一个存在了27年的漏洞在OpenBSD这一以安全性著称的操作系统中被AI模型发现，而在此期间人类安全专家却未能察觉。这突显了AI在安全审计方面的独特优势和潜在价值。
After almost twenty years on the platform, EFF is logging off of X.
令人惊讶的是：EFF在X（前Twitter）平台上已经存在了近二十年，这比许多读者的使用时间还要长。作为数字权利的倡导者，EFF见证了该平台从初创到成为全球社交媒体巨头，再到被马斯克收购并彻底转型的全过程，这种长期陪伴在科技领域实属罕见。
The two most recent surges are a cars/oil surge, which started in 1908, and the Information and Communications Technology, which started in 1971.
令人惊讶的是：根据Carlota Perez的技术-金融互动模型，我们目前正处于信息与通信技术(ICT)浪潮的末期，而这个浪潮始于1971年，至今已有55年历史。这意味着数字时代的黄金时期可能即将结束，而AI可能只是这一浪潮的最后阶段而非新开端。
McBombalds has spent a lot of time thinking about. Its team has produced an entire memo on the threat of igniting the Earth's atmosphere, for instance (though it concluded prior to testing that the likelihood was not high enough to warrant shuttering the project).
令人惊讶的是：曼哈顿计划团队曾认真研究过核试验可能点燃地球大气层的威胁，并撰写了完整备忘录。尽管最终认为风险不足以终止项目，但这一科学担忧的深度和广度令人震惊，显示了科学家对技术后果的前瞻性思考。
Oppenheimer (and other members of the McBombalds C-suite) are well integrated into bay-area culture, including ambiguous communist associations that they have downplayed since becoming primo defense contractors.
令人惊讶的是：奥本海默及其团队与湾区文化深度融合，甚至有着模糊的共产主义联系，但在成为主要国防承包商后却淡化这些历史。这一事实揭示了科学与政治意识形态的复杂交织，以及历史人物形象的多面性。
Odell and His Typewriter<br /> by [[Typewriter Gazette]]<br /> accessed on 2026-04-14T16:31:03
Hausdorff<br /> by [[Lior Pachter]] in Bits of DNA<br /> accessed on 2026-04-14T12:11:12
The concept of rationality has its roots in economics, where it was developed to study how peo-ple should act in economic decision-making. In such settings, the idea is that people reach theirgoal, such as maximizing their return, by maximizing utility.
Security has always been a team sport, and the defenders who have protected this industry for decades have never succeeded by working in isolation.
令人惊讶的是：我们常以为顶级安全公司依靠独家秘笈独步天下，但文章指出安全从来都是“团队运动”。几十年来，真正的防御者从不是在孤立中取得成功的，共享威胁情报才是生存法则。在AI时代，这种共享不仅没有减少，反而演变成了更深度的联盟行动。
'Porgy and Bess' to Screen at Quentin Tarantino's Vista Theatre<br /> by [[Jim Hemphill]] in IndieWire accessed on 2026-03-30T10:47:37
unpublished reply to u/kinga_forrester at https://www.reddit.com/r/vintageads/comments/1rvqt0e/comment/oayqqbd/
Rightly or wrongly I'm sure a vanishing number of people at that time would have held your view.
You've got to remember the historical context of this ad. During World War II all but one typewriter manufacturer in the US ceased production of typewriters and the one remaining was really producing machines for the military. This ad from 1943 actually says in tiny print at the bottom: "Royal is making bullets, and parts for airplane engines, propellers, machine guns, rifles." Civilian groups did drives to collect typewriters to send them to the war effort. Many of the extant and upcoming generation of typewriter repairmen went off to the war effort. All this against the backdrop of people being used to taking their machines (especially office ones in use 8 hours a day) in for service every year or so for cleaning and adjustment. Most office typewriters of the time were in use for an average of 3 years before requiring complete overhauls or replacement. In addition to all of the other things being rationed, typewriters and typewriter service were also being heavily rationed, particularly because the manpower and steel was being diverted heavily to the war effort.
At the time, most typewriters were in the $125-200 range which is the equivalent to about $1,500 now. They were trying to help people preserve their machines and functionality. This was at a time when almost any sizeable town in the US had at least one repair shop busy with work. A city the size of Chicago probably had several dozens of repair shops working full time and that likely dropped to just a few during the war. (There's only one now, and it's only been open for a few years; it also has a wait list of several months for service because it's so busy.)
The issue of typewriter preservation was so great during the war that the U.S. Navy produced a series of videos about their proper use and maintenance of them *and other expensive office machines of the time). See videos at https://boffosocko.com/2025/06/06/typewriter-use-and-maintenance-for-beginning-to-intermediate-typists/ The government also got involved in creating maintenance manuals like Basic Typewriter Care and Maintenance, Equipment Maintenance Series No. 1 (US FWIP, 1945) and repair manuals like War Department Technical Manual TM 37-305: Typewriter Maintenance (1944) which is essentially the same as the [1945 Ames manual[(https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/AmesVol1-Standards.pdf).
Comparing this with today when the general value of typewriters is almost nil and we're lucky to have a few dozen professional typewriter repair shops still operating, but the rate of retirements and deaths has long been outstripping the replacement rate and you'll understand why self-service is necessary. Even given this, the number of typewriter fora on the internet, Facebook, Reddit, etc. the amount of tinkering knowledge is almost cripplingly bad but seems to chug along. You'll notice that there are an awful lot of people just trying to identify their machines much less carry out the most basic repairs. The number of "broken machines" I've acquired in my collection that only needed the ribbon color selector set to something besides "stencil" is a sad indicator of the state of typewriter knowledge now, much less what it may have been in their heyday, tinkering or not.
Even by 1983 as typewriters were already beginning to feel the pressure from the computer business, books like Bryan Kravitz and Nancy Gorrell's Hints for a Happy Typewriter were attempting to educate people on proper maintenance and light repair before needing to rely on repair shops that were already starting to feel the pinch.
Incidentally, IBM wasn't what put most typewriter companies out of business. It was vicious competition caused by offshoring and the cheapening of parts and materials while computers in general did the rest. And as for all those typewriter repair shops: most began selling/servicing word processors, office machines like fax machines, photo copiers, dictaphones, and even computers.
This Day in History: George Kennan Sends "Long Telegram"<br /> by [[Lacey Helmig]]<br /> accessed on 2026-03-12T09:45:51
George Kennan and the Long Telegram<br /> by [[James M. Lindsay]] in Council on Foreign Relations accessed on 2026-03-12T09:44:20
The Man Who Stole Infinity<br /> by [[Joseph Howlett]] in Quanta Magazine on 2026-02-25<br /> accessed on 2026-02-26T09:01:10
Dedekind proved that the set of algebraic numbers is the same size as the set of whole numbers.
Cantor plagiarized his proof and later went on to prove that the set of real numbers is larger than the set of whole numbers.
The letter from Dedekind to Cantor, dated November 30, 1873, that went missing for more than a century. In it, Dedekind provides a proof that the set of algebraic numbers is the same size as the set of whole numbers — a result that Cantor later plagiarized.
German mathematician named Richard Dedekind. In 1858, he found a way to rigorously define the real numbers — any number that appears on the number line. But he didn’t share his finding. A slow and methodical thinker, he preferred to discuss his results with others until he was sure he was right.
That's just a post-war one. Rheinmetall typewriter factory was situated in Sömmerda, Thuringia (so far from Rhein), this way it become a soviet-owned company after 1945 and before it was returned to newly created GDR. A lot of these machines were produced to be supplied to USSR as kind of reparations payments. The layout also proves this. Here's an experimental "ЭУКЕН" layout, one of transitional variants on the way to modern "ЙЦУКЕН" (since 1953). While all the pre-war typewriters were built with 1918 layout "Й1УКЕН"
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1rbydwu/soviet_era_typewriter/
https://pantheon.world/
The Arabic We Never Got: Unified Arabic Script #shorts<br /> by [[Haithooomi]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-22T09:56:12
reply to u/aleahey at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qjzgtq/remington_postal_telegraph_mill/
On the paper guide, it definitely looks like a bend it back into shape issue.
While your model is obviously decaled as "Postal Telegraph", it's not a traditional mill machine as those are generally marked by having no lower case characters and having uppercase only. Sometimes it was uppercase with some "filler character" (often a + on Remingtons, a ~ on Underwoods, and a double dot on Olivettis) or uppercase on both the top and bottom of the slug. Generally the zero character had a slash through it to distinguish it specifically from the letter "O".
There are only two other exemplars on the typewriter database, so please be sure to upload your photos and data when you get a chance. https://typewriterdatabase.com/Remington.10+Postal+Telegraph.42.bmys You'll notice that one of the examplars by u/jbhusker doesn't appear to be a traditional mill while the other is. Perhaps James has some unwritten research on his Remington Postal Telegraph?
If you sift through the typewriter database you'll find other examples and research (especially if you're looking at commentary under individual examples while you're logged in). As an example of mills from Underwood in their Western Union Special: https://typewriterdatabase.com/Underwood.Western+Union+Special.4.bmys
for - book - Progress: A History of Humanity's Worst Idea - author - Samuel Miller McDonald - from - youtube - interview - Planet Critical - Samuel Miller McDonald --- https://hyp.is/r-hmFtjKEfCd8odATbINbA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEhmWEDkZUQ
Not far from the Ibgal temple of Inanna where the dedicatory tabletwas found, archaeologists excavated the earliest known breweryanywhere in Mesopotamia (a tablet found there even mentioned thebrewer).
The Sumerian term for king, “lugal,” literally meant “big man.”
Podany, Amanda H. 2013. The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Near-East-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195377990/ (January 1, 2026).
[[Anil Dash c]] on the history of markdown, since 2002 (John Gruber and involvement of Aaron Swartz). Some remarks on its role in llms / ai use
[[Too Much To Know by Ann Blair]] 2010, available through Kobo Plus, or 20e for the ebook. "Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age"
Ann Blair on info overload 16/17th c. (2003)
Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload ca. 1550-1700 in Zotero since 2022
Ann Blair 2010
Added The Rise of Note‐Taking in Early Modern Europe in Zotero
Did Gates Really Say 640K is Enough For Anyone?<br /> by [[Jon Katz]] in WIRED<br /> accessed on 2026-01-05T16:22:13
reply to u/rawbran30 at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1py74mf/internet_hype_trendeffect_and_brand_popularity/
Olympias were imported into the US from the 50s into the 70s and were manufactured at peak typewriter engineering and manufacturing methods before machines slowly got cheaper and cheaper in terms of materials and craftsmanship through the 60s and into the early 80s before typewriters were subsumed by the word processor market.
Compared to Smith-Coronas and Remingtons of the 50s and early 60s (their peaks), Olympias are slightly better manufactured in terms of fit and finish. They're also slightly more modern looking in terms of body shapes and colors compared to other machines, which also helps to drive up price amongst collectors.
Now is an Olympia SM3 or SM9 really so much better than a Smith-Corona Silent Super that they should enjoy an almost 2x jump in price for an unserviced model? Potentially not, but if this is your issue, then buy something from a professional shop that's been cleaned, oiled, and adjusted and a lot of the price differential evaporates.
As the men tore down a wall that had been built using the detritus of nearby ancient Egyptian sites, they discovered a large stone fragment covered in three types of writing, including ancient Greek.
(...on July 15, 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign, a French soldier Pierre Bouchard discovered a black basalt slab inscribed with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles east of Alexandria. The irregularly shaped stone contained fragments of passages written in three different scripts: Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics and Egyptian demotic. The ancient Greek on the Rosetta Stone told archaeologists that it was inscribed by priests honoring the king of Egypt, Ptolemy V, in the second century B.C. More startlingly, the Greek passage announced that the three scripts were all of identical meaning. The artifact thus held the key to solving the riddle of hieroglyphics, a written language that had been “dead” for nearly 2,000 years.) For rest of the article click Rosetta Stone Found
Why is Rosetta Stone important? Click Importance of Rosetta Stone
he's he's kind of calling the bluff on the progress narrative
for - history - progress - Francis Fukuyama - liberalism won - calling the bluff
those have to deliver. They they can kind of get away with not delivering uh on their promises intergenerationally
for - history - progress - secular golden age promise - can procastinate by pushing it forward to the next generation
what's clever about the more religious progress narratives is that the golden age happens after you die
for - history - progress - religious golden age - is post death
even in the Old Testament, God has to keep promising land. He has to, you know, there has to always be this new kind of thing. Uh and it's it's never enough
for - history - progress - promised land - contemporary mythical promises - nothing new
these kind of secular ideas and trying to to uh reinvest them with uh religious and mythic ideas. Uh, >> and so there is, you know, a little bit of a reverse kind of enlightenment happening.
for - history - contemporary society - reverse enightenment
we are now back in this sort of age of religiosity, particularly with the Trump administration, him claiming that he has essentially been anointed anointed by God in order to do whatever he wants.
for - history - Trump - back into age of religosity. He claims, like former kings, he was anointed by god!
it's not so much about we have to you know expand the scope of the church or you know civilize people who don't have Jesus Christ and becomes more about we have to uh expand the market and we have to uh you know increase the the you know national revenue and the acreage that's under cultivation
for - history - progress - after Enlightenment - no long about converting savages to Christians - became about expanding markets
the the big break that you see between uh secularism and religiosity even outside of progress narratives is European enlightenment
for - history - progress - European Enlightenment - broke secular off from religious progress very abruptly
difference between secular faith in progress and this kind of more religious or mythical faith in progress is a running theme through the book
for - history - progress - secular vs religious
we first start seeing uh kind of more uh closer something closer to monotheism with Zoroastrianism in Persia
for - history - progress - monotheism appears - Zoroastrianism in Persia (2nd millenia BCE)
polytheism I think is is uh you know expansive and and is part of the the Greek state expansion as well. Uh it's part of the Roman expansionism
for - history - progress - expansionism and gods - went hand-in-hand
rulers who claim to be champions of Marduk and and kind of justify their position at the top of this hierarchy by being you about the the representatives of the supreme god
for - history - progress - political and religious partnership narrative - top leader claimed to represent top god
Greco Roman is is you know the Jupiter and and Zeus
for - history - progress - polytheistic gods - Roman and Greek - Jupiter & Zeus
pinpointing this kind of break with these polytheistic uh religions that emerge in Mesopotamia. Um Marduk is is the kind of the supreme god.
for - history - progress - animism - gave way to polytheism in Mesopotamia - Marduk god
hat the book is is kind of trying to do is trace that lineage from that initial uh you know the the very first kind of literary endeavors um through uh you know uh Judaism and and through the classical Greek uh thinkers
for - book - tracing history of progress / Growthist political economy narrative from Vikings to Mesopotamia to Judaism to Greeks to Islam to Enlightenment to US
finding that narrative just kind of reiterating over and over again through different cultures uh through along I mean you know thousands of years.
for - history - progress narrative - repeats over and over
rogress: A History of Humankind's Worst Idea
for - progress trap - book - to - book - Progress: A History of Humankind's Worst Idea - https://hyp.is/cMyt5tjMEfCGz9-Edzp-hA/harpercollins.co.uk/products/progress-a-history-of-humanitys-worst-idea-samuel-miller-mcdonald - author Samuel Miller McDonald
SRG comment - interview - book on Progress - see other references: - to - book - A Short History of Progress (2004) - https://hyp.is/93k5CtjLEfC1UpPEi59BHA/archive.org/details/shorthistoryofpr0000wrig - to - movie - Surviving Progress (2011) - https://hyp.is/sRPYJtjLEfCwuDdwG2xNnw/www.nfb.ca/film/surviving-progress/ - SRG article - Cogress
for - book - A Short History of Progress (2004) - author - Ronald Wright - progress trap - Ronald Wright - A Short History of Progress (2004) - to - movie - Surviving Progress (2011) - https://hyp.is/sRPYJtjLEfCwuDdwG2xNnw/www.nfb.ca/film/surviving-progress/ - to - book - Progress: A History of Humanity's Worst Idea - from - youtube - Planet Critical interview - Samuel Miller MacDonald - The Myth of Progress - https://hyp.is/r-hmFtjKEfCd8odATbINbA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEhmWEDkZUQ
for - progress traps - movie - Surviving Progress (2011) - from - book - A Short History of Progress (2004) - https://hyp.is/93k5CtjLEfC1UpPEi59BHA/archive.org/details/shorthistoryofpr0000wrig - from - youtube - Planet Critical interview - Samuel Miller MacDonald - The Myth of Progress - https://hyp.is/r-hmFtjKEfCd8odATbINbA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEhmWEDkZUQ
In 1979 and 1980, two political leaders came into power who would turn this economic revolution into a political one. Margaret Thatcher in [music] the UK and Ronald Reagan in the US.
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - 2 political allies - Thatcher (1979) and Reagan (1980) came to power - cast taxes, social programs and regulation as the bogeyman
David Harvey calls this [music] accumulation
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - David Harvey - accumulation by dispossession. Defaulted countries signing with IMF: - increased poverty - exploded inequality - collapsed public service - gave up economic sovereignty to global financial institutions - continuation of colonialist practice of extractionism and appropriation
conditions were called structural adjustment programs and they forced countries to adopt a very specific set of economic policies mainly the privatization [music] of public assets
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - IMF Structural adjustment program - privatize public assets, - cut spending of welfare, - austerity across the board - deregulation, - open domestic markets to foreign corporations, - remove protection of local businesses and workers - IMF - a deal with the devil
they had to turn somewhere for help. And that somewhere was the International Monetary
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - defaulted countries turn to IMF
subsaharan African countries and parts of Asia were also plunged into crisis
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - second casualties - Sub-Saharan African & Asian countries defaulted
the Latin American debt crisis
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - first casualties - Latin American debt crisis - Mexico, Brazil, Argentina defaulted on loans
Most global finance is denominated in dollars. US interest rates effectively set global interest rates. So when Fuler pushed rates towards 20%, developing countries who had borrowed dollars just a few years earlier saw their interest payments on those loans explode.
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - developing countries loans became unpayable overnight
Paul Fulker was appointed chairman of the Federal Reserve, essentially the head of the United States Central Bank. in 1979 and his appointment signaled a dramatic shift in US economic governance
for - economic history - 1979 - Paul. A. Volcker appointed chairman of Federal Reserve - Volcker Shock - shift - from employment to inflation - raised interest rates to an astounding 20%, intentionally causing a recession
monitoism offered Fulkar the intellectual and political cover he needed for this shift in monetary policy. Away from the Keynesian commitment to full employment and [music] economic stability and towards protecting the value of capital which had been eroded by years of high inflation.
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - used Milton Friedman's theory to provide cover to stop Keynesian commitment to full employment and instead protect capital from inflation. - Volcker raised interest rates to 20%,, causing massive plant shutdowns and unemployment to surge above 10%. - The recession closed shops, and labor lost its bargaining power when plants are shut down.
Milton [music] Freriedman, the economist most associated with neoliberalism, whose work was heavily financed by business elites. It was his theory, monitoism, which framed inflation as the ultimate economic threat
for - economic history - Milton Friedman - represented business elites - Monetarism - inflation seen as ultimate threat to elites
The business round table was established in 1972
for - economic history - 1972 - Business Round Table established
from 60,000 businesses in 1972 to over a quarter million just 10 years later
for stats - economic history - corporate power - 10 years - American Chamber of Commerce - from 60,000 to 250,000 members
Powell memo. It was written by Lewis Powell,
for - economic history - powell memo - Lewis Powell - inequality - corporate lawyer who became supreme court judge - memo that started a long term political campaign to exploit the elite crisis for corporations to take control of universities, media, law and public opinion FOR THE ELITES
I was faced in 1958 when I started graduate study at University College London with that extraordinary fact. Nobody knew how it could be that a muscle could excite itself to be rhythmic.
for - history - Denis Noble - 1958 - question - heartbeat of embryo - how? no nervous system yet.
book Goliath's Curse, the history and future of societal collapse
for - to - book - Goliath's Curse: the History and Future of Societal Collapse - Luke Kemp
life comes in and not very much happens until life decides to excrete oxygen into the atmosphere when you get a whole raft of hydroxides and hydrox oxides and hydroxides coming in
for - geology - history - minerals - when life starts excreting oxygen - many new minerals - planetary boundary novel entities boundary
historically if you look at a history textbook, it's essentially a role called mass murderers.
for - explanation - why leaders are often psychopaths - history book is full of mass murderers
the climate of history
for - social sciences paper - The Climate of History - 2009 - species wide perspective of writing history
Thales (600BC) is thegodfather of the Western philosopher by propoundingthe existence of plurality of worlds, from then onwards,many theoretical approaches have arisen and sunkenaccording to the signs of times.
Thales did not propound the plurality of worlds. This is historically inaccurate. Pluralistic cosmology (multiple worlds from the indefinite apeiron) is suggested to be sourced from Anaximander - though, this is a very loose historical interpretation of his works.
To cite an example, the Australian aboriginesexplain with legends that their origin is extraterrestrial.They say that their cave paintings known as"wandjinas" are actually self-portraits made by thesewandjinas, gods or spirits associated with clouds andrain (inhabitants of sky, therefore). In the WesternAustralia region of Kimberley these rock art works areabundant, which have usually been dated to some 4000years old. But aboriginal tradition tells that it was thegods themselves who painted themselves in rockyshelters and who commissioned human artists (see Fig.2) to regularly repaint these manifestations of divinity
Aborigines mention cave paintings are self-portraits made by gods from the sky. The creation gods who came from the sky (or the sea in some accounts) in the Dreamtime were the Wandjina. It's difficult to necessarily associate them as extraterrestrial since they are also posited to have originated with clouds, rain, fertility, and the creation of the land and its people. This needs more references to validate the claim.
Obviating without detracting the Greekclassics, we will quote as an example ChristiaanHuygens, astronomer, physicist, mathematician andDutch inventor. Among other achievements, heexplained the true nature of Saturn's rings anddiscovered Titan, Saturn's largest moon. In the field ofAstrobiology, in 1698 he wrote "Cosmotheoros",affirming "what a marvellous and splendid picture ofthe magnificent vastness of the universe we haveachieved! Such amount of suns, such amount of earths,each and every one of them provided with plants, treesand animals, and adorned with seas and mountains!And how much increases our admiration andamazement if we stop to analyse the prodigiousdistance and the multitude of stars!""Cosmotheoros" (the observer of the stars), isthe first treaty that conjectures extraterrestrial life froma scientific point of view based on the theories of otherthinkers like Nicholas of Cusa, Giordano Bruno,Kepler, Tycho Brahe or Descartes.In "Cosmotheoros", Huygens describes morethan twenty possible forms of extraterrestrial life [6]
Early theories of astrobiology include Christian Huygens speculating on forms of extraterrestrial life in Cosmotheros (Latin for "Beholder of the Cosmos") (1698). This may be the first scientific speculation about astrobiology. This is difficult to state outright since authors were fantasizing about life on planets - see Lucian of Samosata's 2nd century work "A True Story" and Voltaire's 1752 novella "Le Micromégas" about beings from Sirius.
Its relation to their celestial origin is alsoevident in the Maasai culture. In 2005 the Maasai ofSynia, Tanzania, explained to Rafael Balaguer Rosatheir legends, star lore and their astronomicalknowledge, very basic, but that also related their originwith the sky, with space, in charge of their unique godNgai.Ngai travels from heaven to Earth descendingthe Milky Way. They call the Milky Way “nkurrei”,which means “way” too, great example of culturalconvergence; and to the Magellanic Clouds
The mention of the Maasai culture in Tanzania believing their god Ngai descended from the Milky Way seems speculative and not well referenced. Other sources just note Ngai descended from the sky. One of the authors is referenced - Rafael Balaguer Rosa, Tras los Pasos de Ngai, AstronomíA, 73-74 (2005), July-August 26-35
Dario Amade was the C CEO of Anthropic a big AI company. He worked on safety at OpenAI and he left to start Anthropic because he said, "We're not doing this safely enough. I have to start another company that's all about safety
for - history - AI - Anthropic - safety first
Collaborating with the Nazis: The Black Mark on Remington’s Typewriter History<br /> by [[Robert Messenger]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-26T10:13:43
Fn Eraise of qcribes
for - book - In Praise of Scribes - Author Johannes Trithemius - history - progress - technology - printing press
“Childe Roland to the Dark Tower came.”
Clearly, the poem’s closing declaration has reverberated far beyond Victorian poetry. T. S. Eliot draws on its ruinous landscape in "The Waste Land", while Stephen King’s Dark Tower series recasts Roland’s quest as the foundation of his expansive fantasy epic. Its influence continues across speculative fiction: Alan Garner’s Elidor reimagines Roland as a modern quester, Roger Zelazny alludes to Browning in Sign of the Unicorn, Philip José Farmer quotes the poem in The Dark Design, John Connolly features it in The Book of Lost Things, and Alastair Reynolds names a doomed explorer Roland Childe in Diamond Dogs. These afterlives reveal the poem’s flexibility, as each era reshapes the Tower according to its own anxieties. Readers encountering the Tower today therein participate in a long tradition of reinterpretation, proving that Browning’s ambiguous ending is part of what gives the poem lasting cultural life.
Dauntless the slug-horn to my lips I set
Critics have long debated the meaning of Roland’s final gesture, which many read as a transformation of the quest’s traditional moment of triumph. Brandon Moen compares Roland’s horn-blast to The Road, where the father and son’s survival takes the place of moral salvation. Ronald Primeau compares the poem to “Man Against the Sky” calling the moment “triumphant futility” (Primeau 223). Roland gains neither glory nor salvation, yet he refuses despair. Together, these readings suggest that Browning reshapes the romance ending into a model of existential commitment that resonates across literary periods, making Roland a prototype for later heroes who persist without hope.
A great black bird, Apollyon’s bosom-friend, 160 Sailed past
The name “Apollyon” from Revelation 9:11 signals a theological crisis. By referencing a demonic presence from both scripture and Paradise Lost, where Milton casts Apollyon among the forces of Hell, Browning frames Roland’s journey as a passage through a world abandoned by providence. As Christopher MacKenna argues, the poem reflects a nineteenth-century “crisis of faith… [and] of knowing/meaning” (MacKenna 475). In a world “without light or redemptive purpose, ” Victorian readers, facing Darwinian science, biblical criticism, and rapid social change, often felt the same disorientation and loss of certainty as Roland (MacKenna 478). Thus, Browning created an image, the Tower, that became a touchstone for future generations confronting existential crises, helping to explain its powerful afterlives in later literature.
As for the grass, it grew as scant as hair In leprosy; thin dry blades pricked the mud
This 1859 painting by Thomas Moran, inspired directly by Browning’s “Childe Roland,” visualizes the poem’s barren and hostile terrain. Turbulent clouds, jagged rocks, and desolate expanses dramatize the emotional weight of the quest. Additionally, the fiery, ominous sky evokes Romantic and Sublime traditions, but instead of ennobling Roland’s journey, the natural grandeur seems to overwhelm him. Rather than a knight striding toward a glorious destiny, the lone figure of Roland, dwarfed by the vast landscape, gazes toward the distant, looming tower. By pairing the poem with such imagery, anthology audiences can more fully experience the poem’s tension between heroic aspiration and environmental hostility. This artistic reimagining also shows how the Tower’s imagery quickly began to shape visual as well as literary culture.
So many times among “The Band”—-to wit, The knights who to the Dark Tower’s search addressed
When Roland recalls “the knights who to the Dark Tower’s search addressed,” he gestures toward a centuries-old literary tradition. The name Roland first appears in the eleventh-century La Chanson de Roland, a French chanson de geste celebrating the knight’s heroism at Roncevaux Pass under Charlemagne. In 1595, George Peele revived the name in The Old Wives’ Tale. Then, Robert Jamieson recorded a folk version of the tale and placed it within Arthurian legend, making Roland the son of Arthur and Guinevere. Joseph Jacobs’s English Fairy Tales, pictured below, adopted Jaimeson’s version and introduced the “Dark Tower” as the dwelling of the King of Elfland, where Roland must save his sister. Where earlier Rolands fought or rescued, Browning’s hero merely endures, stripped of glory or divine purpose. With this history in mind, this scene helps capture part of why “Childe Roland” continues to haunt later writers. Its hero perseveres not because he hopes to succeed, but because turning back would mean erasing the meaning of every struggle that came before.
My first thought was, he lied in every word, That hoary cripple, with malicious eye
Browning opens his poem by overturning one of the oldest conventions of the quest romance in which the wise guide sets the hero on his way. The “hoary cripple” parodies that archetype, and his supposed direction is offered through deceit rather than wisdom. This ironic inversion signals that Roland’s journey, before it even begins, will be fraught with suspicion, fatigue, and self-doubt. Virginia Blain argues this encounter also exposes a deeper Victorian fear of failed masculinity. The cripple’s leer, Roland’s disgust, and the absence of women and redemptive love mirrors what Blain calls Browning’s “homosexual panic,” a symptom of the age’s broader struggle to define masculinity amid social change (Blain). Blain’s reading consequently joins the long critical tradition of reshaping “Childe Roland” to mirror contemporary concerns. In her hands, the poem becomes a reflection of Victorian gender anxiety, just as later critics and artists would recast it to speak to their own cultural and psychological landscapes.
(See Edgar’s Song in “Lear”)
Browning takes his title from King Lear, where Edgar, disguised as Poor Tom, mutters the phrase in the midst of feigned madness. In Shakespeare, the phrase carries no narrative function and is without clear meaning. However, Browning recontextualizes the fragment and expands it into a fully imagined landscape of interior ruin, retaining the original atmosphere of delirium while reshaping it into an existential quest. By transforming a line without context into a sustained meditation on purpose and persistence, Browning creates an interpretive void that later readers and artists repeatedly fill, fueling the poem’s evolving cultural afterlife within literary and critical discourse.
If a revamp of the AtlanticCanada Portal is in the cards, two excellent models for what it could become areprovided by the Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE) andActive History websites; tellingly, both of these websites use various social mediato promote the dissemination of history and, as a result, both reveal the potential ofhow the Internet and social media can positively impact our discipline.1
This is a really cool observation about how Canadian historians are using the internet. It shows that they've made successful websites like NiCHE and Active History. These are great examples because they prove that you can use simple tools like social media to share history with the public. It tells us that the history of the internet in Canada isn't just a technical story it's a story about making history a more public and accessible thing.
Internet scholars are uncovering and connecting histories of early internets across the globe, but the Canadian context remains underexplored.
This is an important piece of information because it states that the history of the internet in Canada is not studied enough by scholars. I already know that most people focus on the American ARPANET, but this tells me there are whole histories, like the one about SAMSON, that historians are only just starting to uncover. As Canadians we need to look for Canadian-specific sources, not just general ones.
The coins can be arranged into various layouts such as piles representing, for example, metal types, or streams visualizing the ebb and flow of coins over the centuries.
This concept of visualizing data as "streams visualizing the ebb and flow of coins over the centuries" is highly relevant to my research. I need to show change over time, specifically the sudden drop in coins or shift in material (like the debasement of currency) that occurs during and immediately after the plague years (1347-1351). This idea of "dynamic streams" helps me think past a static map and towards visualizing economic instability and recovery across Europe.
sources of digital structured data (e.g., spreadsheets, traditional relational databases, content management systems) have seen far less critical enquiry. Structured digital data are often venerated for their capacities to facilitate interoperability, equitable data exchange, democratic forms of engagement with, and widespread reuse of archaeological records, yet their constraints on our knowledge formation processes are arguably profound and deserving of detailed interrogation.
If we only record an event's details in a rigid structured database, we create dark data. This is the subjective human wisdom which is the feelings, fear, or conflicts that are/could be found in a diary. The database intentionally leaves this wisdom behind because it is too ambiguous to fit its focus on measurable facts.
Identifiers play a fundamental role in shaping data quality and reusability.
When analyzing archival documents, we must use unique, permanent identifiers for each document. This is an ethical duty because it ensures that future researchers can trace the data's original source and context (who found it, where it's stored), preventing errors and making data reusable.
Our country's 50,000-year-old encyclopedia<br /> by [[Margaret Burin]], [[Chris Lewis]] in ABC News accessed on 2025-11-11T08:50:57
via A 50,000 year old community PKMS : r/PKMS<br /> by [[WadeDRubicon]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-11T08:50:16
The Pencil Pages<br /> by [[Doug Martin]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-09T09:27:11
Mongolized<br /> by [[WoodChuck]] for CalCedar accessed on 2025-11-09T09:24:05
Review of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory’s Obituary for Dr. James Watson<br /> by [[Lior Pachter]] on Bits of DNA<br /> accessed on 2025-11-08T22:43:12
Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History<br /> by [[American Experience]] on PBS<br /> accessed on 2025-11-08T09:13:39
First, he says, in the age of the typewriter—the twentieth century, more or less—there was a mythology that what was typewritten was true, that the machine somehow caused writers to bare their souls. This is a central idea of “The Iron Whim,”
via Darren Herschler-Henry's book
By 1910, according to the Census Bureau, eighty-one per cent of professional typists were female.
https://christmas.musetechnical.com/
Catalogs & Wishbooks from Sears, Montgomery Ward, and JC Penny
Christmas 1959 is when Montgomery Wards gets their own “store brand” of a sort. They start offering the “Royal Heritage”, a model made specifically for MW by Royal. This is the beginning of the famous “blue badge” Royals with the sky-blue case interiors. If you see one of these, it was sold by Montgomery Wards.
In Search Of: Clarence Leroy “Rocky” Jones<br /> by [[Ted Munk]] on November 12, 2016 <br /> accessed on 2025-10-15T11:15:17
Mark Twain Wrote the First Book Ever Written With a Typewriter<br /> by [[Josh Jones]] in Open Culture<br /> accessed on 2025-10-13T23:01:35
In calling the structure of the chromosome fibres a code-script
from where does he draw the idea "code-script"? Is it from the developing information theory of the time? Somewhere else?
There is definitely the idea of a code running in the sense of programming, which was likely not a common conceptualization at the time.
On p. 22 he uses the phrase "law-code" which is likely the closer meaning of code he's using and not the sense of genetic code as understood much later when DNA and the underlying protein coding sequences were unraveled.
Morse code may also be a tangential underlying meaning of his sense of "code" as something unknown but potentially revealable.
four-dimensional pattern
What a great conceptualization of considering organisms in time and space... something we don't do now as well as we ought to almost 80+ years later
One might presume as a physicist he's taking advantage of Einstein's conceptualization of spacetime, but here within biology.
THE RELATION BETWEEN CLOCKWORK ANDORGANISM
historical evidence of the scientific shift from Newtonian clockwork physics into an underlying statical mechanical one
The day Return became Enter<br /> by [[Marcin Wichary]] in Aresluna<br /> accessed on 2025-09-12T09:33:12
My own assessment is that the book, which reads like a thoroughly researched legal brief (more than 100 pages are devoted to notes, references and a very detailed index), makes the best possible case for the highly dubious proposition that the ideas of information theory influenced the substance, rather than merely the rhetoric, of research in molecular biology in the 1950s and 1960s.
Information theorist Solomon Golomb, who directly participated in the applications of information theory to early genetics, doesn't feel that it influenced the substance of molecular biology in the 1950s and 1960s though it may have influenced the rhetoric.
Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)<br /> by [[x over it]]<br /> accessed on 2025-09-05T17:14:33
I did my um my PhD research on list machines in the artificial intelligence lab at MIT
History - Donald Hoffman - PhD on Lisp AI - Marvin Minsky - MIT lab
Description
Who invented the lighthouse? Learn the history and evolution of lighthouses and tilting beacons in navigation. See their literary and cultural symbolism.
There shouldn't be anything remarkable about this guide but there is... all the one-liners worked exactly as expected. God bless.
The idea of using abstract spaces in a systematic fashion goes backto M. Frechet (1906)1 and is justified by its great success.
The Seeker's Library<br /> by [[Zubair’s Bookshelf]] <br /> accessed on 2025-08-16T15:10:46
Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015<br /> by [[Will Davis]] on 2015-02-10<br /> accessed on 2025-08-05T16:35:48
Noa K. Ha, Rezension zu: Plamper, Jan: We are all Migrants. A History of Multicultural Germany. Cambridge 2023 , ISBN 9781009242264, in: H-Soz-Kult, 24.07.2025, https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-143159.
Noa H. Ka, [Review:] Plamper, Jan: We all Migrants. A History of Multicultural Germany, in: H-Soz-Kult 24.07.2025 URL:https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-143159 23.07.2025
Julia Mutzenbach, Tagungsbericht: Digital in die jüdische Frühe Neuzeit, in: H-Soz-Kult, 24.07.2025, https://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/id/fdkn-156294.
Julia Mutzenbach, [Conference report:] Digital in die jüdische Frühe Neuzeit. Innovative Formen der Vermittlung. Organisiert von Interdisziplinäres Forum Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur in der Frühen Neuzeit und Akademie der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Stuttgart [Hybrid] 14.--16.02.2025, in: H-Soz-Kult, 24.07.2025 https://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/id/fdkn-156294 27.07.2025
An Orga Privat and its History by [[Will Davis]]
Bing Werke was the manufacturer and Orga was the distributor.
Piece of wood used to replace the rear legs of the typewriter to set it up by whittling.
A cut-rate typewriter without all the bells and whistles.
In der Schlussdiskussion wurde das Tagungsthema als gelungenes Experiment gewürdigt, das mit seiner methodischen Ausrichtung neue Perspektiven eröffnete – auch wenn inhaltliche Forschungsthemen diesmal weniger im Fokus standen.
Sadly they only used a very narrow focus on the digital here. I guess there is a lot more possible with digital approaches in Jewish history than talking about games and digital editions.
Grundlegende Überlegungen zum Projekt stellten zunächst MARTHA FIEDELAK (Heidelberg) und LARA STUMPF (Heidelberg) an, indem sie die Verarbeitung frühneuzeitlicher Themen in Games vorstellten. Anhand von Games wie „Pentiment“ und „Martin Luther auf der Spur“ analysierten sie die Darstellung jüdischen Lebens in der Frühen Neuzeit. Dabei zeigten sie, dass jüdische Perspektiven oft nur am Rand erscheinen oder stereotypisiert eingebunden sind – selbst in sogenannten Serious Games mit Bildungsanspruch.
Jewish history only peripheral part of history in games.
Digitale Spiele im Geschichtsunterricht als ein Medium zwischen Historizität, Histotainment, Authentizität und Immersion präsentierte online zugeschaltet MATHIAS HERRMANN (Dresden). Er skizzierte die Entwicklung digitaler Spiele seit den 1970er-Jahren hin zu einem millionenschweren Massenmedium – ein Indiz für das breite öffentliche Interesse an Geschichte. Der Unterhaltungswert steht dabei oft über historischer Genauigkeit, doch gerade darin liegt auch ein didaktisches Potenzial: Historisierende Spiele sind Teil der Geschichtskultur, spiegeln populäre Vergangenheitsvorstellungen und können – kritisch analysiert – sogar als Quellen genutzt werden, um aktuelle Narrative und ideologische Deutungen sichtbar zu machen. Angesichts ihrer gezielten Nutzung durch rechtsideologische Kreise forderte Herrmann eine reflektierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Medium. Richtig eingesetzt, etwa im Unterricht und begleitet durch geeignetes Material, könnten Spiele sowohl Faktenwissen als auch Medienkompetenz fördern – vorausgesetzt, sie werden als ernstzunehmende Bildungsmedien anerkannt.
Well, yes history in games is rarely accurate and this also okay. The main purpose is entertainment. We need a culture that recognizes that a game can still teach some things about history (e.g. how does persecution work). And also show perspectives about history. ALSO: Its not a question if games are educational, people will always use them to passively or actively educate themself about history.
ANNA NEOVESKY (Erfurt) begann mit einer Einführung in die Digital Humanities und Digital History. Sie präsentierte die Digital Humanities als eine Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Technologie und Geisteswissenschaften, deren Wurzeln bis in die 1940er-Jahre zurückreichen und die seither fachspezifische Ausprägungen wie die Digital History hervorgebracht hat.
Bit sad, that we still need to do this introductions. Digital Humanities is around for so long, but even if we reference this in introductions its still news for some.
Zum 25-jährigen Jubiläum richtete das Forum Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur in der Frühen Neuzeit den Blick nach vorn. Ganz im Zeichen innovativer Methoden und digitaler Zugänge zur Vermittlung jüdischer Geschichte stehend,
Can we still speak of Digital Humanties methods as "new" (or even "new" to a certain subfield)? This seems a bit weird in 2025. Digital approaches are around since at least the 60s/70s. This also perpetual state of "novelty" also does not help Digital Humanities, a certain kind of normalising would be more helpful.
Reading Plamper’s book and writing this review in a time of rising right-wing authoritarian politics—in which migration is weaponized to spread fear, prejudice, and hate—offers an inspiring reaffirmation of our shared humanity. The numerous detailed accounts and personal histories he presents serve as powerful testimonies to a lived reality that cannot be erased or ignored. Diverse backgrounds and religions shape daily lives in Germany, adapting and contributing in countless ways. By shifting the focus to those who actively form German society—despite often being labeled as “the other” or simply “migrants”—Plamper challenges exclusionary narratives. His meticulous documentation of migration stories underscores not only the enduring presence of these communities but also their role in shaping Germany’s future.
This is more like it, historical accounts can deliver political messages and show the way not to better political decision making but a better living together.
Plamper argues that the widely accepted notion of a homogeneous German identity is a myth, historically constructed and politically reinforced.
I guess this might be rooted in Plampers generation, as somebody born much later this identity was nothing but a myth to me -- and I do not know a lot in my generation that would share the idea of a homogeneous identity.
Allen, Roland. The Notebook: A History of Thinking on Paper. United Kingdom: Profile Books, 2023. https://uk.bookshop.org/p/books/the-notebook-rolad-allen/6331084.
Keeping Notebooks Could Change Your Life by [[John Dickerson]]
Paymaster Corp., est. 1917 by [[Made-in-Chicago Museum]]
six-month period between November of 52 and April of 53 where we unlocked first the power of the nucleus because we could fuse hydrogen and the other thing we were able to do was uh figure out the threedimensional structure of nucleic acid in the form of the double helix
for - stats - history - Nov 1952 - hydrogen bomb - -April 1953 - discovery of DNA
who would have known this that your tracheal epithelial cells if expplanted if if liberated from the rest of the body they will make a self motile little uh construct that among other things knows how to heal neural wounds.
for - quote - no evolutionary history explains form and behavior - Michael Levin
observation - evolution alone is insufficient to explain life - These novel, artificial life forms behave in novel emergent ways, there is no natural selection at play here
History Books of Note, should read
DISCUSSION BOARD
We should be able to respond to someone's DB even if they have the same topic as us.
Jayden Watson
The Michelin Guide wasn't born in a restaurant. It was born in a garage. In 1900, the Michelin brothers, Edward and Andre, needed to sell tires in a country with fewer than 3,000 cars. So, they printed a travel booklet free of charge that listed gas stations, hotels, and restaurants.
for - history - Michelin Guide - Michelin tire company - article - New Republic - citation not valid - checked with New Republic. They said that they could not find the article cited by this video
matter was as sacred as the spirit and that labor was a salvific and ordering activity. That is what is meant by a value revolution.
for - origin - history - value revolution - After Christians disseminated the idea of the resurrection off the body in Hebrew communes, work was once again seen as divine.
the hegemonic idea for centuries was that work was unworthy.
for - history - work - as moral slavery
From one obsessive, insane history editor to another, thanks for posting the question! ;D
Excess unemployment was tolerated to keep any chance of inflation in check. Raises in the federal minimum wage became smaller and rarer. Labor law failed to keep pace with growing employer hostility toward unions. Tax rates on top incomes were lowered. And anti-worker deregulatory pushes—from the deregulation of the trucking and airline industries to the retreat of anti-trust policy to the dismantling of financial regulations and more—succeeded again and again.
The gap between productivity and a typical worker’s compensation has increased dramatically since 1979
Nice diagram showing the Pay Gap (wages vs productivity) widened circa 1970. Probably petrodollar contributed to that.
ideas of territory, population and history
Welsh speakers, too, also read Geoffrey’s work with deep interest,and this Welsh reception is the subject of Owain Wyn Jones’s chapter, whichdemonstrates how his history fits into Welsh historiography.
Interesting perhaps with respect to my work on orality in Welsh tradition.
Henley, Georgia, and Joshua Byron Smith, eds. A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth. Brill’s Companions to European History 22. Brill, 2020. http://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-42537.
Peter V. Tytell, a Typewriter Whisperer, Is Dead at 74 by [[Richard Sandomir]]
Why file history can be important you ask In a commit ( or a series of commits ) there can be a lot of information that can explain decisions that were taken and why the code has evolved as it is right now. This information can be as valuable as the code itself so you can understand why I find --follow useful.
Ronald P. Formisano
https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/ronald-p-formisano-1939-2024/
we gave the man who discovered the insecticidal properties of DDT, Paul Muller, he got a Nobel Prize for it in 1948
for - history - DDT - inventor received Nobel Prize
Does anybody know who came up with the term “hallucinations” in the first place? Was it Sutskever?
Turns out the story is a bit more complicated than that, at least according to the history shared by another participant below.
Joshua Pearson examines the history of the term “hallucination” in the development and promotion of AI technology: “Why ‘Hallucination’? Examining the History, and Stakes, of How We Label AI’s Undesirable Output” (2024).
This is a great history of the term "hallucination" in the discourse of ✨sparkling intelligence✨ — huge thanks to whoever shared it! I've also added it to our collaborative bibliography.
Wife of Pomp Hall, Negro tenant farmer, writing on typewriter. Through union activities this family has developed a desire for higher education. This typewriter is to them a symbol of that education and as such is the most prized family possession
Indy Type Shop will be at 2621 Shelby St., which used to be a gun shop and then a cell phone store.
Usually it might have been typewriter shop, gun shop, then cell phone store, so it's intriguing to see the opposite ordering.
In 2013, jaw-dropping details emerged about the extent of US intelligence agency surveillance programmes. This prompted the Russian Federal Guard Service (FSO) to revert to typewriters in an attempt to evade eavesdropping. German officials were also reported to be considering a similar move in 2014. (During the Cold War, Soviet spies actually developed techniques for snooping on electric typewriter activity, a form of "keylogging" technology – where the keystrokes inputted on a keyboard are captured. US operatives also reconstructed text from typewriter ribbons – meaning that even typewriters aren't completely safe.)
often people believe that the dominant economic system is value-free or value-neutral, which dismisses the central role of genocide, slavery, and colonialism in its evolution over the past five hundred years or so
for - dominant economic system - not value neutral - situated on history of colonialism, slavery, genocide, extractionism
Apparently, "dual shielding" is a thing. Using one shield (big) for defense, and another (small) for offense.
Big shields were used in tight formations and for defense whereas smaller ones (bucklers) were more for deflecting close-range attacks (melee) and agility.
It is likely that Trump and Musk are seeking to crash the US economy to cause a Depression. This will allow transnational wealth holders — the billionaire class — to buy up “distressed assets” in the US for cheap.
for - to - largest wealth transfer in US history - bankrupt farms - pennies on the dollar - https://hyp.is/rXHfUgHPEfC5s2-peCc-5Q/www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg4E3Py8OT4
for - adjacency - US farm bankruptcy - land grab - billionaires - adjacency - largest wealth transfer in history - US farmers bankruptcy - billionaire purchase pennies on the dollar
Missouri Humanities respectfully acknowledges that the land on which we reside has cultural significance for many Native peoples, including the Osage, Otoe, Missouria, Sauk and Fox, Ioway, Kansas, Illini, Kickapoo, Peoria, Shawnee, Delaware, Sioux, Piankashaw, and Cherokee. We are ever mindful that these peoples continue a sacred relationship with the lands we occupy, and we recognize their integral contributions to the cultural heritage of this state and to our nation’s history.
Wilkerson, Isabel. Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. 1st ed. 2020. Reprint, New York: Random House, 2023. https://amzn.to/40KnGyB.
2025 marks the culmination of a strategy methodically constructed over nearly a century. Far from the singular genius-entrepreneur he claims to embody, Trump appears instead as tool of the same Corporate elites that have driven this conservative ascendence since its inception.
for - 100 year history of Trumpism - quote - 2025 is culmination of 100 years
Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global Laura Spinney
The new Laura Spinney at ebooks.
Another bestseller like "Pale Rider".
Yankees, Typewriters, Scandals, and Cooperstown: A Baseball Memoir by Bill Madden<br /> Release date: April 1, 2025 (hardcover)
Mohamed Bouazizi
for - article - Al Jazeera - Arab Spring - history - Mohamed Bouazizi - Ali Bouazizi
for - history - progress trap - Wikipedia - Daniel O'Leary - Ronald Wright - Walter Von Kramer - Der Spiegel
Summary - Great video illustrating - good communication in a polarized political environment - history of fake news - - how Reagan's elimination of the Fairness doctrine set in motion - conservative talk radio - Fox News, etc - normalized - rural propaganda, - fake news - alternative facts and - misinformation
We are destroying software mistaking it for a purely engineering discipline.
This is the breakthrough in this post. I'm going to pretend they also mentioned documentation since the top commenter did it for them.
Check in with me again in twenty years about lamenting over "they joy of hacking..." because right now, that's a really fucking silly thing to dwell on.
for - planetary boundaries - history - planetary boundaries - visualization - earth system boundaries - history - doughnut economics - history
["It's Friday. Have some history.
So you know Hadrian's Wall? Well for over 1000 years everyone thought it was built by someone else.
Until, in 1840, John Hodgson, an unknown Northumbrian clergyman published the LONGEST footnote in history.
Read on... /1 https://t.co/HNU4EU9qBL" / X](https://x.com/garius/status/1570771789827166208) by [[John Bull]] on Twitter
Full thread at: <br /> https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1570771789827166208.html
Casey, Robert S., James W. Perry, Madeline M. Berry, and Allen Kent. Punched Cards: Their Applications To Science And Industry. 2nd ed. 1951. Reprint, New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1958. http://archive.org/details/PunchedCardsTheirApplicationsToScienceAndIndustry.
for - from - MIT Press Direct - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History - to - interview - Youtube - channel: Brain Inspired - Episode: BI 186 Mazviita Chirmuuta: The Brain Abstracted - 2024, Mar - https://hyp.is/3XW2ct8mEe-Fj79NfLEaZQ/www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwNHW4otoJQ
M. Chirimuuta
for - from - Chapter 9 of book - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/Ne0vsN8TEe-0gKfJ_-CHFQ/watermark.silverchair.com/c008400_9780262378628.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1AwggNMBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggM9MIIDOQIBADCCAzIGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMQiuxj5ADRMKA_9kUAgEQgIIDA4n2hqWRY4iDrmrcDrCx6YjsLiXeoqGBMrezs_kymEj3y1Jqh_UlW5WfGUNhBfTC5IpUGikuqBzjC9_UepW_n-SIy8wOnvMB8W08sihzohH-Dzof0oothB7tfYDAZJe04dVrYtUetmqDpi53kj_LaU6h3UNR9ZZpc8KFqtL_0IGhnMT8wvJiknRHbD-SXDTiVAFAzRGKqckrbrrm4KDfIjCpbBRa1QaRVoTIgo0Kwp4J8Mb9KNA0czcYDBkL4vjLBNZY-a0VdIJlYAzbyHeLOtugVKGmq1Lfu8K1zMNEi6HMthJDxRx9Kmv3Jbgy0hi7_dcwkURYj4VuBDU24DihiwMlXYgkl3uAop9jwd-fvlbExhBUD_FoR4kmq4iegAr62meXal4dvA2BwJIv_zISyqP3ez4LEZZpGp1r3OCq1bK4r-ono7w0h3VOCkBXq2BWUy4lb2Norec7yGcWxYLf3bvMJyxxRVKjcpV4us6IlDg6bLE5a2YCp9uh8vdZC_YjH-bkHUnxIapqN4D1iCvRUhtG9mvlnx4PBPZPUSTKEf9AxvVOp2nST27YGVUbKU8Qq6J6y5hD7vhTqx9-YjinBxOw2FH_hVL1ZgDSpO-glVzORMJRI1WYUz_w7Kfc3eG3OBVB6amY7_FULAqhtICn_N1Xao-hAFAkfIEk0MMQd0XkGIMtsRKUL_5Rhzw_kGnHMnWFCCVdlt1LKGvkDqo_0kxYB1aKEUiykx8nsmZOksso2VCRTXBhBMcsrDmOpBM4zKPpbi0qfRwPEJmQ2JkhNoVFhSJvdmJ8yoAd4ZH6i--LohA_TCmrD-wE6hjCDrmm9VbwYqyLXslzulCS_9IQBG9k_jMZ5doqutYbJs6UrpWHcYqKeT0HKbzPWGp3uMmDTvs-YUyUkmwTxH7GTlaNC5eUJ64sQt7-GhcqbPq30Pe5tLvX2ztPyln1uiuH9GBY_RiXWR2JMmYz46Kue3Iu35mJCKpfNWTO-z41USYMNMMjlB0jgsUGT0BzedInF9UvZ31M9Q - to - pdf of book - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024
for - from - MIT Press Direct - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History - to - interview - Youtube - channel: Brain Inspired - Episode: BI 186 Mazviita Chirmuuta: The Brain Abstracted - 2024, Mar - https://hyp.is/3XW2ct8mEe-Fj79NfLEaZQ/www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwNHW4otoJQ
for - from - search - Google - fallacy of misplaced concreteness - search results of interest - 2025, Jan 30 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History - to - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History
for - Youtube - book review - Reviewing "The Brain Abstracted - Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience" - M. Chirimuuta - Youtube channel: Philosophy of Psychiatric Diagnoses - 2025 Jan 23
I think the book is fantastic I'm now going to outlined review of a book and then at the end briefly point out some potential implications for psychiatric diagnosis and neurodiversity
for - implications of book "The Brain Abstracted" for neurodiversity - SOURCE - Youtube - book review - Reviewing "The Brain Abstracted - Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience" - M. Chirimuuta - Youtube channel: Philosophy of Psychiatric Diagnoses - 2025 Jan 23
Welsh legend supports that this happened, with stories such as Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig (English: The Dream of Emperor Maximus), where he not only marries a wondrous British woman (thus making British descendants probable), but also gives her father sovereignty over Britain (thus formally transferring authority from Rome back to the Britons themselves).
The Classical texts abound with anecdotes displaying the Celt as‘other’.
creative minorities
for - definition - creative minorities - Arnold Toynbee, author of The Study of History - groups capable of inspiring action among the larger, less-educated, and less-visionary masses - SOURCE - article - Substack - The three civilizational priorities of the next societal transition - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 17
history of labor
for - paraphrase - history of labor - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2 - to - stats - Gallup Chairman's Blog - world poll 2024 - 15% of employees worldwide are engaged - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2
paraphrase - history of labor - Michel gives a nice succinct summary of the broad strokes of the history of labor over the last few millennia: - Civilizations have begun as slave-based societies first - Then when the Christian revolution occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire, "Ora et Labora (Pray and Work)" was adopted to transform work into a spiritually meaningful endeavor - Then in the 16th century, this philosophy was replaced by turning labor into a commodity, where it has remained ever since, - resulting in a world where 85% of those surveyed say they are not engaged with their job
to - stats - Gallup Chairman's Blog - world poll 2024 - 15% of employees worldwide are engaged - https://hyp.is/iOlXbNBOEe-t6hdOWtvTYw/news.gallup.com/opinion/chairman/212045/world-broken-workplace.aspx
The machines were first designed in 1951 at Perkins School for the Blind in Boston, Massachusetts, where they have been made ever since.
Trying to find some more general explanation of the Bohr atom, de Broglie proposed
Planck noted that both these phenomena
fue Einstein y luego Debye:
Einstein, A. (1907). Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme. Annalen der Physik, 327(1), 180-190.
