399 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. F8c.340+617C>G + c.340+648T>C†/WTX1 p.Leu128Val+ X1 p.Leu138Pro/WTNNNNVHL disease

      PatientID: II.1

      KindredID: F8

      Case: M, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: 6/10 genetically tested family members across two generations were found to harbor the c.340+648T>C and c.340+617C>G germline mutations of the VHL gene. Patient I.2 presented with retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma (pheo) and renal cell carcinoma. Patient I.3 presented with CNS hemangioblastoma and pheo. Patient II.1 presented with pheo. Patients II.2, II.6 and II.7 presented with retinal capillary hemangioma.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Presented with pheochromocytoma. Tumor detected at age 24.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.340+648T>C

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 827583, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/827583/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: These variants segregated in 6 patients of this family who developed VHL disease and were absent in 4 healthy tested descendants, indicating their presence on a single disease-associated allele. Sequencing of tumor DNA did not display loss of heterozygosity, suggesting that a WT VHL deletion (as observed in classic VHL disease) may not be a prerequisite in cells of patients with this specific VHL genotype.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition; splice_site_variant

      CivicName: c.340+617C>G and c.340+648T>C

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, VHL, c.340+617C>G

    1. his nephew

      PatientID: 31

      KindredID: 2

      Case: M, 27Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient’s uncle (patient 34) was found to have the same variant, and had a malignant bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma at age 31. The patient’s uncle was clinically diagnosed with VHL disease. The patient’s uncle died at an age of 46.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (Adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a benign bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma at age 24, and was originally diagnosed as a sporadic pheochromocytoma. This was later changed to a diagnosis of VHL disease through a retrospective screening.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R64P (c.191G>C)

      LegacyVariant: R64P (c.404G>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2226, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2226/

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: R64P(c.191G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PMID: 23143947

      PatientID: DII1

      KindredID: D

      Case: M, 48Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: A 3-generation family is given with 3 confirmed members with this mutation. 2 other members had VHL-presenations however had not been tested for the gene.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0009711; HP:0001737; HP:0005584 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, pancreatic cysts, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: diagnosed with retinal capillary hemangioma at 24Y - adopted laser photocoagulation for left retinal hemangioblastoma at the age of 24, became blind 10 years later due to exudative retinal detachment. He had right cerebellar hemangioblastomas were removed at the age of 48, pancreatic cysts, and kidney disease at 48Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.F76del (c.226_228delTTC)

      LegacyVariant: p.F76del (c.439delTCT)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: NM_000551.3:c.226_228delTTC automaps to NM_000551.3:c.227_229delTCT

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA357012 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.226_228delTTC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: F76del (c.227_2289delTCT)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 7

      KindredID: A (III-4)

      Case: M, 41Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient's father (II:3) died of cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 39 and did not undergo genetic testing. The patient had two siblings who were healthy and did not undergo genetic testing. There was a strong VHL family history on the father's side of the family. Refer to Figure 1 for family pedigree and information regarding extended family members.

      CohortInfo: 10 VHL patients with renal cell carcinoma and a definite VHL family history.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0009711, HP:0002666 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and retinal angioma at age 24. He did not undergo surgery.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V170D (c.509T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625256 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625256/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V170D (c.509T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 6

      KindredID: A (III-13)

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient's mother (II:7) carried the VHL mutation and presented with hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and renal cysts. The patient had two brothers who both carried the mutation, one (III:12) presented with renal cell carcinoma, the other (III:11) with hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst, and retinal capillary hemangioma. The patient also had one asymptomatic sister (III:10) who did not undergo genetic testing. On the mother's side of the family there was extensive history of VHL disease. Refer to Figure 1 for family pedigree and information regarding extended family members.

      CohortInfo: 10 VHL patients with renal cell carcinoma and a definite VHL family history.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0009711 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with hemangioblastoma at age 20. At 24, she was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma. She underwent nephron-sparing surgery of the left side and one RCC measuring 2 cm in diameter was removed.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666, HP:0000107 (pheochromocytoma, renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V170D (c.509T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625256 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625256/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V170D (c.509T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID: 65

      Case: 48Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation (c.344A>C) was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had cerebellar hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 48Y and a retinal angioma at 24Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma; pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.H115P (c.344A>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 560744 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/560744/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: H115P (c.344A>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A 32-year-old male patient presented to our outpatient clinic with vision loss in his left eye that started 2 months earlier.

      PatientID: Proband

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 32Y0M, ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family history showed that his mother had unilateral vision loss (multiple retinal hemangioblastomas in both eyes) and died because of renal cell carcinoma. No mutation was detected. His sister and daughter were found to have the p.R161* variant. No pathology was detected in ophthalmologic examination of the patient’s 12-year-old daughter.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0000572; HP:0010797; HP:0000107 (retinal capillary hemangioma; vision loss; hemangioblastoma; renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: presented with vision loss in the left eye for 2 months - had a history of cerebral hemangioblastoma operation. Patient also underwent surgery approximately 8 years earlier (24Y) due to a cranial mass (cerebral hemangioblastoma). Cortical cyst 13 mm in diameter was detected in the left kidney on renal ultrasonography (USG).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: VHL gene sequence analysis revealed a heterozygous mutation.

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A vh

  2. Nov 2026
    1. GroupID: 39

      Case: 45Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880; HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal capillary hemangioma diagnosed at 45Y, cerebellar hemangioblastomas diagnosed at 24Y, and RCC at 45Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.K196Rfs*59 (c.584_585delAG) 

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: This mutation also automaps to NM_000551.3:c.585_586delGA

      ClinVarID: 547831 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/547831/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_2_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: K196fs (c.584_585delAG)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A 32-year old man was invited to our centre for a consultation at the Polish VHL Registry as a member of a family with suspected von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). He had a history of left facial nerve palsy at the age of 19 years due to tumour of the temporal bone. The patient was operated on a few months later and a histopathological diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma was made. Two years later he was reoperated on due to recurrence and treated with adjunctive radiotherapy. Three years later the patient developed ataxia and was treated surgically because of a cerebellar tumour that was histopathologically diagnosed as haemangioblastoma. Due to recurrence of this tumour the patient was reoperated on two years later. He also had a history of retinal capillary angioma treated by cryo- and laser therapy.

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 32Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Many of the patient’s family members developed lesions in sites suggesting VHL including multiple central nervous system tumours (probable hemangioblastomas), renal tumours (probable renal cell carcinomas), pancreatic tumours (probable cysts and neuroendocrine tumours), temporal bone tumours (probable ELST), and some of the family members have lost their sight because of retinal detachment (probably in the case of retinal haemangiomas). However, the diagnosis of VHL has not been established in the family. Two of his children were also found to have the NM_000551.3:c.194C>T(S65L) mutation after analysis of blood samples.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030393; HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (Endolymphatic sac tumour, hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a history of left facial nerve palsy at the age of 19 years due to tumour of the temporal bone with a recurrence two years later (at 21Y). The patient was originally histopathologically diagnosed with choroid plexus papilloma, but was re-diagnosed with an endolymphatic sac tumour on reexamination of the sample. Three years later (24Y) the patient developed ataxia because of a cerebellar tumour that was histopathologically diagnosed as hemangioblastoma. He had a recurrence two years later (26Y). He also had a history of retinal capillary angioma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.S65L (c.194C>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.S65L (c.407C>T)

      ClinVarID: 182975, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182975/

      gnomAD: 0.000, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183725-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: S65L(c.194C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Family 4−1c.275insCCdelAYes123––24––

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 4

      Case: Unknown, 24Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion:VHL

      FamilyInfo: None.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0001732 (hemangioblastoma, abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText:The patient presented with hemangioblastoma at age 23. One year later he/she was found to have pancreatic cysts or tumors.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0002666, HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: No epididymal/ovarian cystadenomas.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29330336

      Variant: p.D92Afs*40(c.275delAinsCC)

      LegacyVariant:N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA1139768933 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.275delAinsCC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: delins

      CivicName:D92fs(c.275delAinsCC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Case 8In 1997, a 19-yr-old man with a familial history for VHL presented with headaches. MRI of the CNS was normal, but ophthalmological examination showed a right retinal hemangioblastoma that was treated by laser. In 2002, he had right nephrectomy and left nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. At age 27, a palpable mass on the left side of the neck was diagnosed during dental care. CT and MRI revealed a 4-cm carotid body tumor that was removed after selective embolization. Histology revealed a paraganglioma. The patient also has pancreatic cysts. Molecular genetics identified the deletion of exons 2 and 3 of the VHL gene.

      PatientID: 8

      KindredID: 8

      Case: M, 27Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive family history for VHL.

      CohortInfo: An international consortium registered patients with head and neck paragangliomas with VHL or RET gene mutations.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0002668; HP:0001737; HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, paraganglioma, pancreatic cysts, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: At 19Y (in 1997), he presented with headaches, ophthalmological examination showed a right retinal hemangioblastoma (treated by laser). 5 years later (age 24Y) he had a right nephrectomy and left nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Age 27, a palpable mass on the left side of the neck. CT and MRI revealed a 4-cm carotid body tumor (paraganglioma). The patient also has pancreatic cysts. 

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: MRI scan from case presenting headaches showed a normal CNS

      CasePreviousTesting: RET

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: exon 2-3 deletion

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: EXON 2-3 DELETION

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.499C>T [p.Arg167Trp])

      PatientID: 3

      KindredID: 3

      Case: 31Y0M, Sex unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs:  HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: CNS hemangioblastoma first presenting at 24Y, RCC and pheos at 31Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009715 (Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 259

      KindredID: 100

      Case: F, 28Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband, patient 259, presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 28, and a retinal angioma at age 24. The proband's son, patient 260, was asymptomatic at the time of analysis.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584; HP:0010797 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband, patient 259, presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 28, and a retinal angioma at age 24.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: Exon 1-2 Deletion (c.1-?_463+?del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 1-2 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 11

      KindredID: 11

      Case: F, 24Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Adrenal pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient was found to have a single benign tumour 9 cm in size in her adrenal gland.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET/SDHC/SDHB/SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

      VariantEvidence: The patient had LOH of SDHB as indicated in Table 1.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A female patient observed reduced vision in the right eye at age 17 years. She was diagnosed with retinal angiomatosis of the right eye. Laser therapy and brachytherapy were performed. Vision of the right eye remained reduced to 15%. At age 24, a hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord was resected. At age 27, she underwent craniotomy for a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Genetic testing revealed the mutation VHL c.394 C > T, which predict a truncated VHL protein (Q132X). In 2007, a 20 mm diameter left renal tumor was detected but not resected owing to its small size, as internationally recommended [1].In 2009 at age 38, abdominal MRI and CT angiography showed, in the axial view, a solid, 3.6 × 3.3 cm tumor of the pancreatic tail (Fig. 2a). Early arterial phase imaging after contrast injection revealed that the tumor had significant hyperperfusion. In addition, multiple pancreatic cysts were noted.

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 38Y0M, German

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo:All patients from the German registry for VHL with PNETs >3 cm diameter with tumours located in the pancreatic body or tail region.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0009713, HP:0006880, HP:0009726, HP:0030405, HP:0001737 (retinal capillary hemangioma, spinal hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, renal neoplasm, pancreatic endocrine tumour, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Retinal angiomatosis at age 17, hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord at age 24, cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 27, left renal tumor at age 36. Pancreatic endocrine tumour and pancreatic cysts at age 38. She had a laparoscopy which found an 8-cm retrogastric cyst, 3.2-cm benign PNET, and a serous cystadenoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q132* (c.394C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 288749 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/288749/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q132* (c.394C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 201324N—Y24NYYYYc.541delGExon 3p.V181S fs*21Frameshift

      PatientID: 20

      KindredID: 13

      Case: Sex Unknown, 24Y0M, Brazilian (Latino/Admixed American)

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405; HP:0009711; HP:0000107; HP:0001737; HP:0010797 (pancreatic endocrine tumor, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cyst, pancreatic cyst, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient at 24Y was confirmed with VHL. They developed PPGL at 24Y and also had the above manifestations

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002668, HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V181Sfs*21 (c.541delG)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA432423544 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.541delG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: V181fs (c.541delG)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  3. Oct 2026
    1. PatientID: 5

      KindredID: A (III-8)

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient's father (II-5) harbored the mutation and presented with hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma, and renal cysts.The patient had three siblings, none of whom underwent genetic testing. Of the three only one was healthy (III-9). One of her brothers (III-6) had hemangioblastoma and the other brother (III-7) had retinal angioma. On the father's side of the family there was extensive history of VHL disease. Refer to Figure 1 for family pedigree and information regarding extended family members.

      CohortInfo: 10 VHL patients with renal cell carcinoma and a definite VHL family history.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584, HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: At 24, she was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma. She underwent nephron-sparing surgery of the left side and one RCC measuring 5 cm in diameter was removed. There was a complication post-op; haemorrhage and urinary tract infection.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0009711 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V170D (c.509T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625256 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625256/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V170D (c.509T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 19

      Case: F, 33Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive. The patient's son was the proband (1) and carried the mutation but was asymptomatic. The proband's uncle (7) carried the mutation and presented with symptoms. The proband's cousin (9) and first cousin once removed (22) were also found to have the mutation but were asymptomatic.

      CohortInfo: 20 unrelated VHL families from an ethnically diverse cohort containing both affected and unaffected individuals.

      CasePresentingHPOs:HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0001732, HP:0000077 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, abnormality of the pancreas, abnormality of the kidney)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a hemangioblastoma at ages 17, 24, 30. At age 25 she presented with renal cell carcinoma and abnormalities of the kidney and pancreas.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma )

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: The patient did not have epididymal or ovarian cysts.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 31368132

      SupplementalData: Supplementary file 1.

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.W88* (c.476G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 15

      KindredID: 15

      Case: F, 24Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Adrenal pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient was found to have multiple benign tumour 7 cm in size in her adrenal gland.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET/SDHC/SDHB/SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L178Q(c.533T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625260 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625260/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: The patient had LOH of SDHC as indicated in Table 1.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: L178Q(c.533T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 288

      KindredID: 113

      Case: M, 24Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 288) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 23, and a retinal angioma at 24. Their sister (patient 289) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, and renal cell carcinoma at 30.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001732; HP:0001737; HP:0005584; HP:0009711 (Hemangioblastoma, Abnormality of the pancreas, Pancreatic cysts, Renal cell carcinoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband (patient 288) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 23, and a retinal angioma at 24.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: Exon 3 Deletion (c.464-?_642+?del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 3 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 217

      KindredID: 81

      Case: F, 33Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband's brother had the same germline mutation, and presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 20, and a pheochromocytoma at 26. The proband's mother had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 35, however no genotyping information is available for her.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0001732 (Hemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 24, renal cell carcinoma at 32, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 33.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. PatientID: 124

      KindredID: 44

      Case: M, Age 24Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584 (Hemangioblastoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 18, renal cell carcinoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 24.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in an earlier paper by Wang et al., 2014 (PMID: 24581539) and a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.W117S (c.350G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351753671; https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.350G%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W117S (c.350G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. PatientID: 184

      KindredID: 71

      Case: M, Age 27Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband's mother (patient 185) was confirmed with the mutation but was asymptomatic at the time of testing. The proband (patient 184) presented with renal cell carcinoma at 27, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors and a pheochromocytoma at age 24.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584, HP:0002666, HP:0001737, HP:0001732 (Renal cell carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with renal cell carcinoma at 27, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors and a pheochromocytoma at age 24.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in an earlier paper by Wang et al., 2014 (PMID 24581539) as well as a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954; https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    Tags

    Annotators

    URL

    1. PMID: 20567917

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 24Y0M, Brazilian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: VHL type 1 family. No family history of VHL disease. Parents were not available for testing. However, this paper reports that this proband belongs to a different family from that reported by Rocha et al. (PMID: 12624160) as Family 1, with 5 individuals.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0000107; HP:0001737 (hemangioblastoma; renal cysts; pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 23Y; and renal and pancreatic cysts at 24Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 12624160; 32179488

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: p.F76del (c.226_228delTTC)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: NM_000551.3:c.226_228delTTC automaps to NM_000551.3:c.227_229delTCT due to redundancy

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA357012 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.226_228delTTC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: F76del (c.226_228delTTC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. VHL_8Frozenc.500G>Ap.Arg167GlnF24AdrenalPCCB

      PatientID: VHL_8 (tumour ID)

      KindredID: 8

      Case: F, 24Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Adrenal Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (Adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a benign adrenal pheochromocytoma at age 24.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500 G >A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID: 28

      Case: 24Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: retinal capillary hemangioma

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma) 

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal capillary hemangioma diagnosed at 24Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0006880; HP:0005584 (pheochromocytoma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.L153Tfs*21 (c.456dupA) 

      LegacyVariant: c.455_456insA

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: c.455_456insA automaps to c.456dupA due to redundancy

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2499307154 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA2499307154

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: duplication

      CivicName: T152fs (c.455insA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.263G > C p.Trp88Ser

      GroupID: 6B

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 9

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: Chinese

      GroupAgeRange: 33.8Y +/- 17.6Y

      GroupInfo: Clinical characteristics of 258 patients from 80 unrelated Chinese families were reported in this study. Grouped by the 21 mutations found, 3 families with 13 members total were described. it is unclear how many distinct families are reported in group 6B. 9 individuals were described. Phenotypic information was given for this mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0009715 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 7 of the 9 members presented with CNS hemangioblastoma (mean age of 29.9Y), 2/9 had retinal angiomas at 25Y and 35Y, 1 had renal cell carcinoma (at 30Y), pancreatic cysts in 2 members (with an age of onset of 30 and 31Y), and 1 member with a genital system tumor (epididymis or broad ligament) at 24Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: No patients were given with pheochromocytoma

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29330336; 28388566

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W88S (c.263G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2220, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2220/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W88S (c.263G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Family 8−2c.350G > C, p.Trp117SerYes118–2424––

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 8

      Case: Unknown, 24Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion:VHL

      FamilyInfo: None.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0001732 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText:The patient presented with hemangioblastoma at age 18. At age 24 the patient had renal cell carcinoma and cysts/tumours of the pancreas.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0002666(retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: No epididymal/ovarian cystadenomas.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29330336

      Variant: p.W117S(c.350G>C)

      LegacyVariant:N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351753671 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.350G%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName:W117S(c.350G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. The long clinical history of a 45-year-old woman started at 22 years of age when she had surgery for a right adrenal pheochromocytoma. Two years later, a pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed to remove a pancreatic mass which turned out to be a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. After a long period of relative wellness, 21 years after the surgical resection of her primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, abdominal lymph node metastases of pancreatic neuroendocrine origin occurred. In fact, three abdominal nodules were removed by laparoscopic surgery, and the histological examination showed well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with similar immunohistochemical characteristics and Ki67 below 1%.

      PatientID: N/A (case)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 45Y0M, Italian

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Genetic analysis was performed on the patients relatives, including her daughter. Her 55Y0M brother had the same mutation but no clinical signs of VHL disease.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748; HP:0030405 (adrenal pheochromocytoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour)

      CaseHPOFreeText: At 22Y0M, she had surgery for a right adrenal pheochromocytoma. Two years later, a pancreatic oduodenectomy was performed to remove a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. 21 years later, abdominal lymph node metastases of the pancreatic neuroendocrine that was removed 21 years prior had occurred. Three abdominal nodules that were found to be neuroendocrine tumours immunohistochemical characteristics were removed. The patient’s clinical history suggested a hereditary endocrine syndrome.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.T157I (c.470C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223223, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223223/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense variant; transition

      CivicName: T157I (c.470C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. nt 768, C to G, Tyr to stop, exon 3

      PatientID: 16

      KindredID: 6006

      Case: F, 24Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumour)

      CaseHPOFreeText: She presented with one pathologic pancreatic endocrine tumour.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y185* (c.555C>G)

      LegacyVariant: p.Y185* (c.768C>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 223233 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223233/

      CAID: CA357075 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.555C%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Y185* (c.555C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Type 2M Von Willebrand Disease: A Case Report

      Case: 24-year-old Caucasian woman with a rare variety of type 2M VWD

      DiseaseAssertion: 2M VWD

      FamilyInfo: family history was negative for easy bruisability, bleeding, or clotting disorder but maternal grandmother had lung cancer.

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: Von Willebrand factor antigen 45% on 9/12/17 and 37% on 9/19/17 with the ratio of VWF activity to the antigen is less than 0.7

      ParentalGenotype(s):Unknown

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003010 (Prolonged bleeding time), HP:0000978 (Bruising susceptibility).

      **CaseHPOFreeText: ** loss of weight over the last six months, The complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, factor VIII, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, D-Dimer, and antithrombin activity were normal. Her von Willebrand factor activity was much lower compared to the antigen.

      CasePreviousTesting: None

      GenotypingMethod: Patient have not been genotyped

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      Variant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      **Gene: ** VWF Inheritance mode autosomal dominant variety with normal, high molecular weight multimers

    1. Complete deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 28

      PatientID: II

      Case: 24Y0M, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family 28 consisted of 4 members; one relative (age 27Y) was found with multiple cerebellar HABs at 25Y, and multiple spinal HABs, another (40Y) diagnosed at 30Y with multiple cerebellar HABs, and multiple spinal HABs, and a final relative (62Y), diagnosed with a single HAB.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient was diagnosed with a single cerebellar HAB at 24Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (spinal hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: complete deletion of VHL gene

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Haplotype analysis information in Table 3

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. “Now, these numbers are a secret code, honey,” Arnold Friend explained. He read off the numbers 33, 19, 17 and raised his eyebrows at her to see what she thought of that, but she didn’t think much of it.

      I think it makes me confused because of the code. I don't know if the code have other meanings or not.

    2. “My sweet little blue-eyed girl,” he said in a half-sung sigh that had nothing to do with her brown eyes

      I think this is interesting because we know Connie's eyes are brown. I think Arnold does not really care about who Connie is. He just want to satisfy his desire for manipulation and possesion.

    3. “Stop gawking at yourself. Who are you? You think you’re so pretty?” she would say.

      I'm surprising that Connie's mother undermines Connie's seif-confidence through sarcasm, I don't think it is a healthy relationship of parent and child.

    1. Document de Synthèse : La Crise des Violences Sexuelles Contre les Enfants en France et les Enjeux de la "Loi Intégrale"


      Résumé Analytique

      Chaque année en France, 160 000 enfants sont victimes de violences sexuelles, la majorité au sein même du cercle familial.

      Cela représente en moyenne trois enfants par classe, principalement touchés par l'inceste.

      Face à l'indignation publique amplifiée par le meurtre et le viol d'une enfant de 11 ans (Liana) en 2026, les autorités et la société civile débattent d'une « loi intégrale » visant à refondre les systèmes de prévention, de protection, de prise en charge et de justice.

      Constats et Données Clés

      • Poids de l'inaction et coût économique : Le défaut de traitement approprié des violences sexuelles coûte à la collectivité 9,7 milliards d'euros par an (impacts sur le travail, l'addiction, la santé et le cercle familial).

      En comparaison, la proposition de loi prévoit un investissement de 3 milliards d'euros par an jusqu'en 2032.

      • Failles judiciaires et prescriptibilité : Alors que 50 % des pays de l'Union européenne ont aboli les délais de prescription pour les crimes sexuels les plus graves, la France maintient un délai de 30 ans à compter de la majorité (jusqu'à 48 ans).

      La pratique de la « correctionnalisation » (recalculer un viol en délit/agression sexuelle) contribue à minimiser la gravité des actes et à réduire les peines effectives.

      • Amnésie traumatique : La moitié des victimes de viol durant l'enfance souffrent d'amnésie traumatique, un trouble cognitif rendant impossible tout dépôt de plainte dans les délais prescrits légaux initiaux.

      • Explosion du cyber-réseau et engorgement des services : L'Office mineur (OFMIN) de la police judiciaire a reçu environ 200 000 signalements en 2025 (~500 par jour) pour une équipe de seulement 60 agents.

      Cette saturation pousse des citoyens bénévoles à former des groupes d'action (« Les Enfants d'Argus ») pour traquer les prédateurs en ligne.

      • Profil des agresseurs et limites de la loi : Seuls 40 % des pédocriminels présentent une attirance pédophile stricte ; la majorité agit par immaturité, volonté de contrôle ou de domination.

      Par ailleurs, 30 à 40 % des agresseurs ont eux-mêmes été victimes durant leur enfance.

      Les professionnels regrettent que le projet de loi intégrale ne prévoie aucune mesure préventive spécifique ciblant les auteurs.


      1. Ampleur de la Crise et Impact Psycho-Traumatique

      Un phénomène systémique et familial

      Les violences sexuelles commises sur les mineurs ne constituent pas des actes isolés mais un phénomène massif, ancré dans le quotidien.

      La plupart des agressions ont lieu au sein de la famille.

      | Indicateur | Valeur / Réalité | | --- | --- | | Nombre de victimes annuelles | 160 000 enfants en France | | Prévalence en milieu scolaire | 3 enfants par classe en moyenne | | Nature prédominante des violences | Inceste / Violences intrafamiliales | | Amnésie traumatique | Touche 50 % des victimes de viol dans l'enfance |

      Les mécanismes du traumatisme et l'amnésie traumatique

      Le cerveau d'un enfant confronté à une violence extrême met en place un mécanisme de défense cognitif entraînant l'amnésie traumatique.

      • Cas illustratif : Mie Koyama, cofondatrice du Brave Movement, a subi des viols à l'âge de 5 ans par un cousin de 39 ans.

      Ses souvenirs ont été refoulés pendant 32 ans avant de réapparaître à l'âge de 37 ans à la suite d'un choc émotionnel et d'une séance d'hypnose.

      • Symptômes non entendus : Les victimes manifestent souvent leur souffrance sous forme de signaux comportementaux (anorexie, troubles du comportement, dessins explicites).

      Dans de nombreux cas historiques, ces symptômes à « hauteur d'enfant » n'ont été ni décodés ni entendus par l'entourage, entraînant l'oubli juridique et social des crimes.

      Citations clés :

      • « C'est nous, c'est vous, c'est votre voisin, c'est votre cousin. Faut arrêter de se voiler la face, faut arrêter le tabou. »

      • _« Quand vous avez été agressé dans votre enfance, tous les repères sont flous.

      Mon rapport à mon corps, mon rapport à mon intimité, mon rapport à la sexualité [...] va être mis en difficulté. »_ — Constance Bertrand, militante et survivante.


      2. Le Cadre Judiciaire et ses Défaillances

      Le parcours judiciaire des victimes d'agressions sexuelles est marqué par des obstacles procéduraux majeurs qui génèrent un sentiment de déni de justice.

      [ Agressions dans l'enfance ] │ ▼ [ Amnésie traumatique / Silence prolongé ] │ ▼ [ Révélation tardive à l'âge adulte ] │ ├─► Obstacle 1 : Prescription fixée à 48 ans max (délai de 30 ans après la majorité) ├─► Obstacle 2 : Disparition des preuves matérielles / ADN └─► Obstacle 3 : Risque de "correctionnalisation" du crime en délit

      Le débat sur l'imprescriptibilité

      • Régime actuel en France : La loi fixe un délai de prescription de 30 ans à compter de la majorité de la victime (soit jusqu'à l'âge de 48 ans).

      La législation ayant évolué au fil des décennies, elle s'applique de manière hétérogène selon les dates des faits, créant une complexité pour les juristes et une injustice pour les victimes.

      • Comparaison européenne : La moitié des pays de l'Union européenne a d'ores et déjà aboli les délais de prescription pour les crimes sexuels les plus graves.

      En France, les délais ont été simplement prolongés de 10 ans.

      • Position des avocats : Selon Mᵉ Karine Durudier Bolt, l'imprescriptibilité permettrait une lecture unique et simplifiée de la loi pour toutes les victimes.

      Méthodes d'enquête et preuves

      Face à la disparition des preuves matérielles avec le temps, l'imprescriptibilité impose de transformer les techniques d'enquête.

      • L'établissement de la preuve repose sur la constitution d'un faisceau d'indices : confidences de l'enfance, journaux intimes, messages, enregistrements ou témoignages.

      • Les juristes déplorent que les moyens d'investigation systématiques (écoutes téléphoniques, perquisitions immédiates au domicile du suspect) soient très rarement déployés dans les dossiers de violences sexuelles, contrairement aux affaires de stupéfiants.

      La correctionnalisation des viols

      Pour accélérer les délais de jugement et désengorger les cours criminelles, la justice propose fréquemment d'orienter les affaires de viol sur mineurs vers les tribunaux correctionnels.

      • Conséquences : Le crime de viol (passible de 20 ans de prison en cour criminelle) est requalifié en délit d'agression sexuelle.

      • Impact psychologique : La victime perçoit cette procédure comme une minimisation de son vécu et un « sous-procès », subissant la lenteur du système judiciaire sans obtenir une peine adaptée à la gravité de l'acte.


      3. La "Loi Intégrale" et les Enjeux Socio-Économiques

      La mort de la jeune Liana (11 ans), tuée et violée par un individu (Jérôme Barella) visé par de multiples plaintes mais jamais interpellé, a accéléré les revendications pour un changement systémique à travers une « loi intégrale ».

      Les grands axes de la proposition de loi

      • Couverture globale : Intégration de la détection, de la protection des mineurs, de la réponse judiciaire, du conseil virtuel et des soins apportés aux survivants.

      • Point de contestation majeur : Le projet de loi n'intègre pas l'imprescriptibilité des crimes sexuels sur mineurs, incitant la société civile à maintenir la pression sur le Parlement et le Sénat.

      Analyse budgétaire et coût de l'inaction

      ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ANALYSE DES COÛTS FINANCIERS │ ├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Coût annuel de l'INACTION (conséquences sociales/santé) : 9,7 Mds €/an │ │ │ │ Budget proposé par la LOI INTÉGRALE (2026-2032) : 3,0 Mds €/an │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

      • Budget prévu : La proposition de loi alloue 3 milliards d'euros par an jusqu'en 2032.

      • Coût sociétal du non-traitement : L'absence de prise en charge adéquate des violences sexuelles coûte 9,7 milliards d'euros par an à la France.

      Ce coût découle des retentissements sur la santé physique et mentale des victimes, des arrêts de travail, des conduites addictives et des comportements à risque qu'elles développent.

      Investir massivement est donc jugé plus économique que de subir les retombées de l'inaction.


      4. Cybercriminalité, Défaillances Policières et Justice Citoyenne

      L'espace numérique est devenu le terrain privilégié des prédateurs sexuels, exacerbé par les avancées technologiques récentes.

      La menace de l'Intelligence Artificielle

      • Les nouveaux modèles d'IA permettent de générer des identités virtuelles extrêmement crédibles d'adolescents ou d'enfants pour piéger et faire chanter les mineurs.

      • Consigne de sécurité (2026) : Ne plus accorder de crédit aux contenus visuels en ligne et ne transmettre aucun document personnel ou intime au moindre doute.

      Engorgement de l'Office Mineur (OFMIN)

      L'OFMIN, service spécialisé de la police judiciaire créé pour traiter la pédopornographie en streaming et les crimes graves en ligne, fait face à une disproportion majeure entre ses moyens et la menace :

      • Effectifs : Environ 60 agents.

      • Volume de charge (2025) : Environ 200 000 signalements par an, soit près de 500 signalements à traiter et prioriser par jour.

      L'émergence des cyber-justiciers : "Les Enfants d'Argus"

      Face au manque de moyens des services étatiques, des citoyens s'organisent en associations bénévoles pour traquer les prédateurs.

      [ Faux profil d'enfant créé sur les réseaux ] │ ▼ [ Réception de messages prédateurs / Masturbation en ligne ] │ ▼ [ Constitution du dossier (Détectives / Avocats bénévoles) ] │ ▼ [ Identification du suspect & Transmission aux autorités ]

      • Bilan d'action : L'intervenant sous le pseudonyme de « Punicheur » et les 30 bénévoles de l'association Les Enfants d'Argus ont traqué plus de 200 individus en 6 ans.

      • Taux de récidive : L'association estime que 80 % des pédocriminels qu'elle contribue à faire condamner sont des récidivistes.

      • Critique de la réponse pénale : Sur 60 à 70 procès obtenus l'année précédente ayant tous mené à des condamnations, seules 3 ou 4 peines de prison ferme ont été réellement exécutées.

      Les responsables d'associations dénoncent un laxisme judiciaire méconnaissant l'impact dévastateur sur les mineurs.

      Position des autorités : L'OFMIN rappelle la nécessité d'enquêter dans un cadre légal et invite les citoyens motivés à rejoindre directement les forces de police, de gendarmerie ou des associations agréées de protection de l'enfance.


      5. Traitement, Psychologie des Auteurs et Cycle de Violence

      La prévention de la récidive et la compréhension de la psychologie des agresseurs constituent le dernier pilier critique de la lutte contre les violences sexuelles.

      Profilage des pédocriminels

      Les travaux menés depuis 20 ans par le CRIAVS (Centre de Ressources et de Relais pour les Prise en Charge des Auteurs de Violences Sexuelles) démontrent que les idées reçues ne correspondent pas à la réalité clinique :

      • Déconnexion entre pédocriminalité et pédophilie : Seuls 40 % des pédocriminels sont atteints de troubles pédophiles (attirance sexuelle exclusive ou préférentielle pour les enfants).

      • Facteurs de passage à l'acte : La majorité des agresseurs agissent sous l'effet de l'immaturité, d'un besoin de contrôle, d'agressivité ou d'une quête de domination sur un mineur vulnérable et crédule.

                          ```
                          ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
                          │     Profil des Pédocriminels            │
                          └────────────────────┬────────────────────┘
                                               │
                       ┌───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┐
                       ▼                                               ▼
        

        ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Troubles pédophiles stricts (~40 %) │ │ Autres facteurs de passage à l'acte (~60 %) │ │ - Attirance sexuelle pour les enfants │ │ - Immaturité affective │ │ - Pathologie / Fantasmes récurrents │ │ - Volonté de domination et de pouvoir │ │ │ │ - Agressivité et recherche de contrôle │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ```

      Le cycle intergénérationnel de la violence

      • Reproduction des actes : 30 à 40 % des pédocriminels ont eux-mêmes été victimes de violences sexuelles au cours de leur enfance.

      • Différenciation de genre :

      • Un garçon victime dans l'enfance présente un risque accru de devenir auteur de violences sexuelles à l'âge adulte.

      • Une fille victime dans l'enfance présente un risque accru d'être à nouveau victime de violences à l'âge adulte en raison de la détérioration de ses repères relationnels et intimes.

      Le dispositif préventif "Stop" et ses limites

      Créée il y a 5 ans, la ligne téléphonique Dispositif Stop vise à intervenir avant le passage à l'acte auprès des personnes éprouvant des attirances sexuelles pour les enfants.

      • Fréquentation : Plus de 4 500 appels reçus l'année dernière (volume ayant triplé depuis son lancement).

      • Limites opérationnelles : Une fois la communication téléphonique terminée, l'appelant n'a aucune obligation légale de soin ou de suivi psychiatrique.

      • Manque législateur : Les spécialistes expriment leur regret face au fait que la proposition de "loi intégrale" ne prévoie aucune mesure de prévention ciblant directement les auteurs de violences sexuelles.


      Synthese des Intervenants Clés du Dossier

      | Intervenant | Rôle / Affiliation | Position / Contribution Principale | | --- | --- | --- | | Mie Koyama (Mekyama) | Cofondatrice du Brave Movement | Victime d'amnésie traumatique pendant 32 ans ; milite pour l'imprescriptibilité internationale des crimes sexuels sur mineurs. | | Constance Bertrand | Militante, survivante | Dénonce l'omerta familiale et souligne la vulnérabilité accrue subie à l'âge adulte par les victimes d'agressions enfantines. | | Mᵉ Karine Durudier Bolt | Avocate spécialisée | Critique la complexité des règles de prescription et la pratique de la correctionnalisation des viols. | | "Punicheur" | Membre des Enfants d'Argus | Cyber-justicier bénévole ; crée de faux profils de collégiens pour identifier les prédateurs en ligne et constituer des dossiers pénaux. | | Cédric Tena | Président des Enfants d'Argus | Dénonce le laxisme judiciaire et le faible taux d'incarcération ferme des pédocriminels condamnés. | | Mathias Poite | Psychologue / Thérapeute | Suit les auteurs de violences sexuelles condamnés ; préconise un suivi préventif obligatoire pour stopper les récidives. |

  4. Sep 2026
    1. Leave me alone,” Connie whispered.“Hey, you know that old woman down the road, the one with thechickens and stuff — you know her?”“She’s dead!”“Dead? What? You know her?” Arnold Friend said.“She’s dead —”“Don't you like her?”“She’s dead — she’s — she isn’t here any more —”“But don’t you like her, I mean, you got something against her? Somegrudge or something?” Then his voice dipped as if he were conscious ofa rudeness. He touched the sunglasses perched on top of his head as ifto make sure they were still there. “Now you be a good girl.”

      This passage surprise me because they suddenly mentioned about death.Arnold kept saying that Connie doesn't like her.I couldn't help but guess Arnold killed the woman with the chicken.

    2. She put out her hand against the screen. She watched herself push thedoor slowly open as if she were safe back somewhere in the other door-way, watching this body and this head of long hair moving out into thesunlight where Arnold Friend waited.

      I can't understand why Connie walked out the door the first time reading it.I was wondering except the reason that she wants to protect her family.Is there other reasons related to mental issues or something?

    3. Ellie turned for thefirst time and Connie saw with shock that he wasn’t a kid either — hehad a fair, hairless face, cheeks reddened slightly as if the veins grew tooclose to the surface of his skin, the face of a forty-year-old baby. Conniefelt a wave of dizziness rise in her at this sight and she stared at him as ifwaiting for something to change the shock of the moment, make it allright again.

      I was shocked when Connie discovered that Ellie was perhaps 40 years old by his face.Because I realized that maybe Arnold was the same age as Ellie.This made me feel disgusting.

    4. ButIknowwhatitis.Iknowyournameandallaboutyou,lotsofthings,”ArnoldFriendsaid.Hehadnotmovedyetbut stoodstilllean-ing backagainstthesideofhisjalopy.“Itookaspecialinterestinyou,suchaprettygirl,andfoundoutallabout youlikeIknowyourpar-entsandsisteraregonesomewheresandIknowwhere andhowlongthey’regoingtobegone,andIknow whoyouwere withlastnight,andyourbestgirlfriend’snameisBetty.Right?”

      I was surprised by how much Arnold Friend already knows about Connie.

    1. Analyse des Résultats PISA : État des Lieux et Défis du Système Éducatif Français

      Résumé Exécutif

      Les derniers résultats du classement PISA (Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves) révèlent une situation alarmante pour le système éducatif français, marquée par une "dégringolade" historique des performances des élèves de 15 ans.

      La France se classe désormais au 27e rang sur 91 pays évalués, enregistrant des baisses significatives en mathématiques (-16 points), en compréhension de l'écrit (-18 points) et en sciences (-4 points).

      Les points critiques identifiés sont les suivants :

      • Un niveau historiquement bas : La France a perdu l'équivalent de deux années d'apprentissage en une décennie.

      • Un nivellement par le bas : Si les inégalités scolaires semblent se résorber, c'est paradoxalement parce que le niveau des élèves issus des milieux favorisés chute de manière spectaculaire.

      • Une crise des vocations et des moyens : Le manque de professeurs et de formation continue (six fois moins d'heures qu'à Singapour) handicape lourdement la progression des élèves.

      • Le poids des facteurs exogènes : L'usage massif des écrans et le recul de l'implication parentale sont pointés du doigt, bien que les experts soulignent des causes pédagogiques plus profondes dès l'école primaire.


      1. État des Lieux : Un Constat de Déclin Global

      Les évaluations PISA ne mesurent pas seulement les connaissances théoriques, mais la capacité des élèves à mobiliser et appliquer ces savoirs dans des situations concrètes.

      Des indicateurs en chute libre

      • Mathématiques : Plus d'un élève sur trois se situe sous le seuil de performance (niveau 2).

      Le pays ne compte plus que 5 % d'élèves "très performants", une baisse de 6 points en dix ans.

      • Compréhension de l'écrit : Le phénomène des "lecteurs pressés" s'accentue ; les élèves lisent trop vite, manquent de vocabulaire et commettent des erreurs d'interprétation, ce qui nuit par ricochet à la résolution de problèmes mathématiques.

      • Écart international : Un fossé éducatif se creuse.

      Un élève français accuse aujourd'hui un retard de 3 ans par rapport à un élève japonais et de 5 ans par rapport à un élève singapourien.

      La fin de l'exception des "bons élèves"

      Contrairement aux éditions précédentes, la baisse de niveau touche désormais toutes les catégories sociales.

      Les analystes observent un recul particulièrement marqué chez les enfants issus des milieux les plus favorisés, entraînant un nivellement par le bas de la performance globale.


      2. Analyse des Causes : Entre Pédagogie et Société

      Le déclin français est multifactoriel, mêlant des représentations culturelles erronées et des lacunes structurelles.

      Le "blocage" français sur les mathématiques

      Le mathématicien Hugo Duminil-Copin souligne plusieurs freins psychologiques :

      • Le mythe de la "bosse des maths" : L'idée que le talent mathématique est inné est qualifiée de stéréotype "délétère".

      • Les stéréotypes de genre : Un décrochage des jeunes filles est observé dès le CP.

      À tâche égale, les filles réussissent moins bien si l'exercice est présenté comme de la "géométrie" plutôt que du "dessin".

      • Le système de notation : La notation de 0 à 20, très stressante et déterminante pour l'orientation (Parcoursup), génère des blocages précoces.

      Les lacunes dès l'école primaire

      L'expert Baptiste Larseneur identifie le primaire comme le cœur du problème :

      • L'enseignement des fractions : Crucial pour la réussite future, il est souvent repoussé par crainte d'un manque de maturité des élèves, contrairement aux pays performants (Singapour) qui l'introduisent dès le CP.

      • L'automatisme : Un manque de calcul mental empêche la libération de la "mémoire de travail" nécessaire à la résolution de problèmes complexes.


      3. Moyens et Formation : Le Modèle Français en Question

      La comparaison avec les systèmes leaders met en lumière des carences en termes de ressources humaines et de méthodes.

      | Indicateur | France | Singapour / Pays Leaders | | --- | --- | --- | | Formation continue | Environ 15-16h annuelles | 100h annuelles | | Remplacement des profs | Déficitaire (perte d'heures massive) | Système plus efficient | | Climat scolaire | 1/4 des élèves se plaignent du bruit | Discipline et concentration valorisées | | Matériel pédagogique | 1 établissement sur 5 en manque | Investissement prioritaire |

      Le rôle de l'enseignant : L' "effet maître" est prépondérant. Les experts affirment que le cœur de la progression réside dans la relation enseignant-élève et non dans des réformes structurelles permanentes (le "big bang" éducatif).


      4. L'Influence de l'Environnement Numérique et Familial

      Le contexte hors-école joue un rôle croissant dans la "destruction cognitive" dénoncée par certains décideurs.

      • Le smartphone : Avec 3 heures de loisir quotidien sur écran, la concentration et le rapport au temps long (nécessaire à l'apprentissage) sont altérés.

      Hugo Duminil-Copin décrit l'apprentissage comme un processus "lent et non linéaire", incompatible avec l'instantanéité des réseaux sociaux.

      • Le désengagement parental : Les données PISA montrent que les parents français sont moins investis et croient moins en l'utilité de la scolarité que la moyenne de l'OCDE.

      Ce rapport de "consommateur" à l'école distend le lien avec les enseignants.

      • L'Intelligence Artificielle (IA) : Bien que non responsable des résultats actuels (tests passés avant l'essor de l'IA générative), elle pose un défi futur sur le rapport à l'effort intellectuel et à la recherche personnelle.

      5. Perspectives : Vers une Réconciliation avec le Savoir

      La conclusion des échanges souligne l'urgence de repenser notre rapport à la connaissance.

      • L'utilité des mathématiques : Elles ne doivent pas servir uniquement à former des médailles Fields ou des ingénieurs, mais à offrir des "outils citoyens" pour affronter le quotidien.

      • Investissement vs Coût : Le budget de l'éducation doit être perçu comme un investissement pour l'avenir économique (innovation, croissance) et social du pays, et non comme une simple dépense budgétaire.

      • Baisse démographique : Elle devrait être saisie comme une opportunité pour améliorer le taux d'encadrement et le remplacement des enseignants, plutôt que pour réduire les recrutements.

      Citation clé : "L'éducation fait enjamber des millénaires à nos jeunes." — Cette synthèse rappelle que l'acquisition de concepts abstraits (comme les nombres négatifs ou le zéro) est un processus difficile qui exige du temps, de la guidance et une volonté politique forte.

  5. Jul 2026
    1. Complete deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 28

      PatientID: II

      Case: 24Y0M, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family 28 consisted of 4 members; one relative (age 27Y) was found with multiple cerebellar HABs at 25Y, and multiple spinal HABs, another (40Y) diagnosed at 30Y with multiple cerebellar HABs, and multiple spinal HABs, and a final relative (62Y), diagnosed with a single HAB.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient was diagnosed with a single cerebellar HAB at 24Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (spinal hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: complete deletion of VHL gene

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Haplotype analysis information in Table 3

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  6. Mar 2026
    1. There are many advantages to using criteria, such as the organization and expansiveness they lend automatically to essays, but this approach does add the extra stage of establishing the criteria, and that often requires rigorous critical thinking in order to come up with criteria that truly work.

      developing effective criteria can be challenging. It requires deeper critical thinking.

    2. For example, Home Alone is generally regarded as an example of the fun-loving family genre, but you could argue that the movie is actually inappropriate for children. That would involve contrasting what is featured as comical in Home Alone–violence, child abandonment, home invasion, vigilantism–with the category of family films, shedding light on important distinctions between the two.

      comparison and contrast can challenge people’s common ideas.

    3. Comparison and contrast often work by engaging in classification, which means explaining how your subjects can actually fit a different type of category than readers would typically realize, or how your subjects should not be placed in their typically assumed categories.

      This means that comparison and contrast is not only about similarities and differences, but also about how we classify things.

  7. Feb 2026
    1. The lithium-ion batteries that China dominates are becoming increasingly prevalent. In February Google said that it had installed more than 100 million cells across its data centers and had started to replace diesel generators with batteries. Microsoft said it aimed for its data centers to eliminate diesel fuel for backup by 2030 to meet environmental goals.

      Microsoft has a commitment to entirely remove fossil fuel backup generation by 2030?

      I know it's implied by the 100/100/0 statement, but I hadn't realised they had been explicit

  8. Jan 2026
    1. Second, a volume mechanism: even the cost-optimal procurement strategy for 24/7 hourly matching might include some amount of excess clean energy. If total CFE generation of assets procured by 24/7 participants exceeds demand in a given hour, the “excess CFE”is not counted towards a CFE target; however, it is clean electricity that can potentially be stored (using batteries or LDES), or sold to the regional grid. As for the latter, excess CFE might displace emitting grid generators or reduce the need to import electricity from neighbouring areas.

      And this is the second mechanism, volume - basically, when your generation exceeds your own consumption, you are able to export it to the grid, which contributes to a temporary surplus of clean, cheap energy available the wider system that can be then "banked" by other users in their storage to use for later, or allow them to shape their own consumption to take advantage of the lower prices.

    2. First, a profile mechanism: participants doing 24/7 hourly matching procure clean energy resources that better match their demand patterns. As certain consumers align their demand with CFE supply on hourly basis, the need for dispatchable generation that can firm intermittent renewable supply is lower in the rest of the system. This mechanism can reduce the utilisation of fossil-based generators, such as OCGT power plants, which typically ramp up when wind and solar resources are scarce.

      This is the first mechanism by which 24/7 helps - Basically, if you reduce the need for dispatchable power coming into your system from the wind agrid, you reduce the need for gas and other dispatchable fossil generation in the first place.

  9. Dec 2025
  10. Oct 2025
    1. 40:08 bis 45:16 "männliches gehirn versus weibliches gehirn" <br /> unterhaltsam, aber...<br /> anecdotal evidence: ich als mann hätte dann ein "weibliches" gehirn ("right brain", säugetierhirn, hirnrinde, extravertiert, chaos, variation, emotional, leicht ablenkbar, weite assoziationen, weite gedankensprünge, neugierig, aggressiv, merkt sich details, lernt schnell, beherrscht komplexität, "feldabhängig") und meine frau hätte ein "männliches" gehirn ("left brain", "reptilhirn", hirnstamm, introvertiert, ordnung, wiederholung, rational, stark fokussiert, compartmentalization, schwer ablenkbar, starrsinnig, dogmatisch, ignorant, defensiv, vergesslich, "simple mind") ...<br /> deswegen: ich finde es sinnvoller, wenn man diese neigungen (stärken und schwächen) zurückführt auf persönlichkeitstypen, dann klingt das ganze weniger nach pseudowissenschaft, und mehr nach psychologie, wo es (mehr oder weniger genaue) messverfahren gibt für persönlichkeitstypen (big five, MBTI, carl jung, belbin team roles, ...)<br /> optional kann man dann diese persönlichkeitstypen übersetzen zu "weiblich" und "männlich" und "jung" und "alt" (meine übersetzung: "right brain" = junges hirn) ... aber das ist dann eher hilfreich für die frage: welche körper und welche geister passen zusammen? aka: Gruppenaufbau nach Persönlichkeitstyp

  11. Jul 2025
    1. Long-term contracts, together with domestic gas production, typically accounted for 80-90% of the European Union’s natural gas consumption before the 2022 crisis. In the past two years, that share has dropped to around 50%. If no new contracts are signed and existing ones are not renewed, the share of spot gas and flexible LNG in total EU gas supply could increase to around two-thirds by 2030, which could increase exposure to short-term price volatility.

      This effectively sounds like a good argument for 24/7 style PPAs which include batteries, because this reduces exposure to the price of power on the spot market.

      Given the trend towards higher volatility, the consequences of being on the wrong side a price spike seem greater, and being able to hedge against that sounds increasingly valuable.

  12. Apr 2025
    1. The NCVHS has been briefed on theproposal for the National Provider Identifier(NPI), and we offer our strong support.

      This is NCVHS, which is a committee that advises the HHS secretary on things, recommends the NPI standard based on briefings on the matter.

    1. Feedback-Mechanismen im Kohlenstoffzyklus könnten dafür sorgen, dass die globale Erhitzung in den kommenden Jahrhunderten noch deutlich stärker ist als bisher angenommen. Nur eine radikale Senkung der CO2-Emissionen der Atmosphäre kann noch bewirken, dass die 2°-Grenze des Pariser-Abkommens eingehalten wird. Das ergibt eine neue Studie des Potsdam Instituts für Klimafolgenforschung zur Klimasensitivität. Mit Klimasensitivität ist die Temperaturerhöhung gemeint zu der es bei einer Verdoppelung des Treibhausgehalts in der Atmosphäre kommt.

      https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000262699/erderw228rmung-laut-studie-langfristig-wom246glich-intensiver-als-gedacht?ref=entzs1

      Studie: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adb6be

  13. Mar 2025
  14. southtexascollege.blackboard.com southtexascollege.blackboard.com
    1. Yet thou triumph’st, and say'st that thou <br /> Find’st not thy self, nor me the weaker now;

      In lines 23 and 24, the listener finally speaks, claiming that by killing the flea, she is not weak. By saying this, she essentially says that there was no harm in killing the flea, as it took both their blood.

  15. Feb 2025
    1. Die EU bezahlt Russland für fossile Brennstoffe mehr, als sie der Ukraine an Finanzhilfen zur Verfügung stellt. 2024 bezog sie für 22 Milliarden Euro Öl und Gas aus Russland und zahlte 19 Milliarden an die Ukraine, wobei Militär- und humanitäre Hilfe nicht einbezogen sind. Insgesamt betrugen die Einnahmen Russlands aus dem Export fossiler Brennstoffe im dritten Jahr der Invasion der ganzen Ukraine 242 Milliarden Euro. Der Guardian berichtet über einen neuen Report des Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/24/eu-spends-more-russian-oil-gas-than-financial-aid-ukraine-report

      Bericht: https://energyandcleanair.org/publication/eu-imports-of-russian-fossil-fuels-in-third-year-of-invasion-surpass-financial-aid-sent-to-ukraine/

    1. Im Standard-Interview mit Alfred Stern wird deutlich, dass die OMV weiter auf fossile Expansion setzt. Stern begrüßt die Steigerung der LNG-Produktion und -Exporte in den USA und setzt zugrleich auf die eigenen Projekte im Schwarzen Meer und auch in Österreich selbst. Der Interviewer Gerold Riedmann – der Chefredakteur des Standard – stellt diese Argumentation und die Standardfloskeln Sterns zur Abhängigkeit der Wirtschaft von fossilen Energien und zukünftigen technischen Lösungen an keiner Stelle in Frage.

      https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000254260/omv-chef-stern-trump-als-chance-sehen-nach-vorn-zu-blicken

  16. Jan 2025
    1. In Großbritannien wird die sogenannte Climate- and Nature-Bill vorläufig nicht im Parlament debattiert. Hintergrund sind Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Regierungsmitgliedern und Parlamentarien, bei denen es um die Verbindlichkeit der britischen Klimaziele geht. Einige Abgeordnete sind entsetzt über Äußerungen der Ministerin Reevesss, die Wirtschaftswachstum für wichtiger als Net Zero erklärtee. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/24/uk-climate-nature-bill-dropped-deal-labour-backbenchers

    1. Ein neuer Bericht der europäischen Kommission sagt aus, dass die EU dreimal so schnell dekarbonisieren muss wie bisher, um das Ziel zu erreichen, die Emissionen bis 2030 um 55% zu reduzieren. Den Zahlen der European Environment Agency zufolge reicht der gegenwärtige Kurs nur für eine Reduzierung um 43%. Ein Haupthindernis sind die enorm hohen fossilen Subventionen. Die Selbstverpflichtungen von EU-Staaten vor der COP28 treffen z.T. verspätet ein, und die vorliegenden sind einem Bericht des Climate Action Network zufolge sehr unzureichend. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/24/eu-must-cut-emissions-three-times-more-quickly-report-says

      State of the Energy Union: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-10/COM_2023_650_1_EN_ACT_part1_v10.pdf CAN-Bericht: https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2023/10/NECPs_Assessment-Report_October2023.pdf

  17. Dec 2024
    1. The brute took up his position on the wash-basin stand; and every attempt to dislodge him brought to the ground some fragile articles of furniture — glasses, basins, and jugs

      This sentence troubles me because it portrays the monkey as a destructive force, wreaking damage without care. The chaos described here feels almost excessive, making it difficult to imagine how an animal could cause so much intentional damage.

    1. he earliest we've been able to get to a case of tukdam is 26 hours after a practitioner has died so we've missed the first full day and there is some reason to believe that that first 24-hour period is is going to be very very important

      for - trivia - measuring tukdam after death - 24 hour period immediately following death is important but to date, no data captured - Youtube - Tukdam talk - An Overview Of CHM’s Work On “Well-Being And Tukdam” - Prof. Richard J. Davidson

    1. Der temperatur anstieg des jahres zwanzig dreiundzwanzig lässt sich mit großer wahrscheinlichkeit auf den rückgang der albedo der erde zurückführen punkt dabei spielt der rückgang niedriger wolken die hauptrolle punkt eine neue studie zeigt komma das diese veränderungen die null komma zwei grad temperaturanstieg erklären kommen die beobachtet wurden komme aber deren ursache noch nicht bekannt ist punkt der rückgang der niedrigen wolken bedeckung lässt sich zum teil auf weniger eu sohle zurückführen komma er könnte aber auch durch die globale erhitzung selbst verursacht sein komma also ein rückblicks effekt darstellen punkt Nun nun https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000248101/raetselhafter-temperatursprung-durch-rueckgang-von-wolken

      Studie: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7280

  18. Nov 2024
  19. Oct 2024
  20. Sep 2024
    1. There is no back passage by which any one could have descended while the party proceeded up stairs.

      It's quite interesting that it said no other ways the murderer(s) could take (escape). In addition, witnesses said it's about 3-5 minutes from hearing the vioces to breaking the door. How did the murderer(s) run away?

    2. After a thorough investigation of every portion of the house, without farther discovery, the party made its way into a small paved yard in the rear of the building, where lay the corpse of the old lady, with her throat so entirely cut that, upon an attempt to raise her, the head fell off.{i} The body, as well as the head, was{j} fearfully mutilated — the former so much so as scarcely to retain any semblance of humanity.

      I wonder how did the murderer cut the Madame L’Espanaye's neck so deeply that her head fell off when people tried to raise her corpse. Also, what knid of weapon did the murderer use? I guess the weapon is probably big or long, but how did the murderer take away and nobody saw it?

    3. We had been talking of horses, if I remember aright, just before leaving the Rue C———. This was the last subject we discussed. As we crossed into this street, a fruiterer, with a large basket upon his head, brushing quickly past us, thrust you upon a pile of paving-stones collected at a spot where the causeway is undergoing repair. You stepped upon one of the loose fragments, slipped, slightly strained your ankle, appeared vexed or sulky, muttered a few words, turned to look{m} at the pile, and then proceeded in silence. I was not particularly attentive to what you did; but observation has become with me, of late, a species of necessity. “You kept your eyes upon the ground — glancing, with a petulant expression, at the holes and ruts in the pavement, (so that I saw you were still thinking of the stones,) until we reached the little alley called Lamartine,(18) which has been paved, by way of [page 536:] experiment, with the overlapping and riveted blocks.(19) Here your countenance brightened up, and, perceiving your lips move, I could not doubt that you murmured{n} the{oo} word ‘stereotomy,’ a term very affectedly applied to this species of pavement.{oo} I knew that you could not {pp}say to yourself ‘stereotomy’ without{pp}, being brought to think of atomies, and thus of the theories of Epicurus;(20) and since{q} when we discussed this subject not very long ago, I mentioned to you how singularly, yet with how little notice, the vague guesses of that noble Greek had met with confirmation in the late nebular cosmogony, I felt that you could not avoid casting your eyes upward{r} to the great nebula{s} in Orion,(21) and I certainly expected that you would do so. You did look up; and I was now{t} assured that I had correctly followed your steps. But in that bitter tirade upon Chantilly, which appeared in yesterday's ‘Musée,’ the satirist, making some disgraceful allusions to the cobbler's change of name upon assuming the buskin, quoted a{u} Latin line{v} about which{w} we have often conversed.

      This part surprised me a lot. I also find it creepy as the first time I read it, for all the narrator’s movement were observed and memorized by Dupin. It feels like the narrator stayed with a monitor. What’s more, Dupin can even follow up the narrator’s mind.

    4. We know of them, among other things, that they are always to their possessor, when inordinately possessed, a source of the liveliest enjoyment.

      I feel troubling at first. This sentence kind of makes me feel like it's narrtive by a psychpath who has serious obsessive behaviour.

    5. on Mr. Smith attempting to go into another room for his pistols, the monkey leaped on his back with the speed of lightning, made various efforts to reach his throat, broke his watch guard assunder in rage, and, dropping to the [page 523:] ground, bit his leg, and again fled to the basin-stand. Mr. Smith pursued him and flung him off many times in his leaping attacks. After skirmishing a considerable time, the worried animal dashed through the window, carrying the frame and glass along with him.

      All these incidents and fights happened in seconds, making the readers nervous and scared as if we were there. Meanwhile, it gave me a shock about the intelligence and strength of the animal, for it almost hit him every single time! This is the most surprising part for me to know the power of the Pongo pygmaeus.

    6. but an unusual quantity of soot being observed in the fire-place, a search was made in the chimney, and (horrible to relate!)(24) the corpse of the daughter, head downward,{h} was dragged therefrom; it having been thus forced up the narrow aperture for a considerable distance.

      I was horrified by this scene, but also curious at the same time. I couldn’t understand how the daughter could be “head downward and was dragged”. Was she trying to hide in the fire-place but fell down? Or was she trying to run but being caught by the animal?

    7. They seemed to be{r} screams of some person (or persons) in great agony — were loud and drawn out, not short and quick. Witness led the way up stairs. Upon reaching the first landing, heard two voices in loud and angry contention — the one a gruff voice, the other much shriller — a very strange voice. Could distinguish some words of the former, which was that of a Frenchman. Was positive that it was not a woman's voice. Could distinguish the words ‘sacré’{s} and ‘diable.’ The shrill voice was that of a foreigner. Could not be sure whether it was the voice of a man or of a woman.

      It is interesting to read the description of the voice. I am imagining the “not like man or woman” voice in my mind when reading this part. I am still wandering how the voice could be.

    8. “I will explain,” he said, “and that you may comprehend all clearly, we will first retrace the course of your meditations, from the moment in which I spoke to you until that of the rencontre{j} with the fruiterer in question. The larger links of the chain run thus — Chantilly, Orion, Dr. Nichol,{k} (16) Epicurus, Stereotomy, the street stones, the fruiterer.” There are few persons who have not, at some period of their lives, amused themselves in retracing the steps by which particular conclusions of their own minds have been attained. The occupation is often full of interest; and he who attempts it for the first time is{l} astonished by the apparently illimitable distance and incoherence between the starting-point and the goal.(17) What, then, must have been my amazement when I heard the Frenchman speak what he had just spoken, and when I could not help acknowledging that he had spoken the truth. He continued: “We had been talking of horses, if I remember aright, just before leaving the Rue C———. This was the last subject we discussed. As we crossed into this street, a fruiterer, with a large basket upon his head, brushing quickly past us, thrust you upon a pile of paving-stones collected at a spot where the causeway is undergoing repair. You stepped upon one of the loose fragments, slipped, slightly strained your ankle, appeared vexed or sulky, muttered a few words, turned to look{m} at the pile, and then proceeded in silence. I was not particularly attentive to what you did; but observation has become with me, of late, a species of necessity. “You kept your eyes upon the ground — glancing, with a petulant expression, at the holes and ruts in the pavement, (so that I saw you were still thinking of the stones,) until we reached the little alley called Lamartine,(18) which has been paved, by way of [page 536:] experiment, with the overlapping and riveted blocks.(19) Here your countenance brightened up, and, perceiving your lips move, I could not doubt that you murmured{n} the{oo} word ‘stereotomy,’ a term very affectedly applied to this species of pavement.{oo} I knew that you could not {pp}say to yourself ‘stereotomy’ without{pp}, being brought to think of atomies, and thus of the theories of Epicurus;(20) and since{q} when we discussed this subject not very long ago, I mentioned to you how singularly, yet with how little notice, the vague guesses of that noble Greek had met with confirmation in the late nebular cosmogony, I felt that you could not avoid casting your eyes upward{r} to the great nebula{s} in Orion,(21) and I certainly expected that you would do so. You did look up; and I was now{t} assured that I had correctly followed your steps. But in that bitter tirade upon Chantilly, which appeared in yesterday's ‘Musée,’ the satirist, making some disgraceful allusions to the cobbler's change of name upon assuming the buskin, quoted a{u} Latin line{v} about which{w} we have often conversed. I mean the line {xx}Perdidit antiquum litera prima sonum{xx} I had told you that this was in reference to Orion, formerly written Urion; and, from certain pungencies connected with this explanation, I was aware that you could not have forgotten it.(22) It was clear, therefore, that you would not fail to combine the two ideas of Orion and Chantilly. That you did combine them I saw by the character of the smile which passed over your lips. You thought of the poor cobbler's immolation. So far, you had been stooping in your gait; but now I saw you draw yourself up to your full height. I was then sure that you reflected upon the diminutive figure of Chantilly. At this point I interrupted your meditations to remark [page 537:] that as, in fact, he was a very little fellow — that Chantilly — he would do better at the Théâtre des Variétés.”{y}

      I'm surprised that Poe, as the pioneer of detective literature, can come up with such a deliberate and coherent process of thinking.

    9. Poe wrote his story hastily. The manuscript shows more changes than do most of his surviving manuscripts, which appear to be copies carefully made for the printer rather than working drafts.

      I know nearly nothing about Poe so this description arouses my interest in the public impression of him: Is Poe the type of writer who is a bit worldly? otherwise, why does the manuscript look different from the others?

    10. The faculty of re-solution{d} is possibly much invigorated by mathematical study, and especially by that highest branch of it which, unjustly, and merely on account of its retrograde operations, has been called, as if par excellence, analysis. Yet to calculate is not in itself to analyse. A chess-player, for example, does the one without effort at the other. It follows that the game of chess, in its effects upon mental character, is greatly misunderstood. I am not now writing a treatise, but simply prefacing a somewhat peculiar narrative by observations very much at random; I will, therefore, take occasion to assert that the higher powers of the reflective intellect are more decidedly and more usefully tasked{e} by the unostentatious game of draughts than by all the elaborate frivolity of chess. In this latter, where the pieces have different and bizarre{f} motions, with various and variable values, what{g} is only complex is mistaken (a not unusual error) for what{h} is profound. The attention is here called powerfully into play. If it flag for an instant, an oversight is committed, resulting in injury or defeat. The possible moves being not only manifold but involute, the chances of such oversights are multiplied; and in nine cases out of ten it is the more concentrative rather than the more acute player who conquers. In draughts, on the contrary, where the moves are unique{i} and have but little variation, the probabilities of inadvertence are diminished, [page 529:] and the mere attention being left comparatively unemployed, what advantages are obtained by either party are obtained by superior acumen.{j} To be less abstract — Let us suppose a game of draughts where the pieces are reduced to four kings, and where, of course, no oversight is to be expected. It is obvious that here the victory can be decided (the players being at all equal) only by some recherché{k} movement, the result of some strong exertion of the intellect. Deprived of ordinary resources, the analyst throws himself into the spirit of his opponent, identifies himself therewith, and not unfrequently sees thus, at a glance, the sole methods (sometimes indeed absurdly simple ones) by which he may seduce into {ll}error or hurry into miscalculation.{ll}

      Using chess to connect with the concept of analysis at the beginning of the story is innovative, however, I have to admit that this "chess metaphor" doesn't work for me ----It neither provides me any necessary background information nor triggers my interest and curiosity to read on.

    11. Between ingenuity and the analytic ability there exists a difference far greater, indeed, than that between the fancy and the imagination, but of a character very strictly analogous. It will be found, in fact, that the ingenious are always fanciful, and the truly{b} imaginative never otherwise than{c} analytic.

      I've never doubted the similarity between being fanciful and imaginative, yet it seems that imagination is often grounded in logical understanding while fancy is associated with whimsical thinking. True genius lies in the combination of imagination and analytic ability.

    12. A chess-player, for example, does the one without effort at the other. It follows that the game of chess, in its effects upon mental character, is greatly misunderstood. I am not now writing a treatise, but simply prefacing a somewhat peculiar narrative by observations very much at random; I will, therefore, take occasion to assert that the higher powers of the reflective intellect are more decidedly and more usefully tasked{e} by the unostentatious game of draughts than by all the elaborate frivolity of chess. In this latter, where the pieces have different and bizarre{f} motions, with various and variable values, what{g} is only complex is mistaken (a not unusual error) for what{h} is profound. The attention is here called powerfully into play. If it flag for an instant, an oversight is committed, resulting in injury or defeat. The possible moves being not only manifold but involute, the chances of such oversights are multiplied; and in nine cases out of ten it is the more concentrative rather than the more acute player who conquers. In draughts, on the contrary, where the moves are unique{i} and have but little variation, the probabilities of inadvertence are diminished, [page 529:] and the mere attention being left comparatively unemployed, what advantages are obtained by either party are obtained by superior acumen.

      This surprised me, as I initially thought both games should be played with a unique move to mess up the opponent's plan. Instead, because of the lack of possible moves in chess, the moves will not be as unique as playing draughts.

    13. Had the routine of our life at this place been known to the world, we should have been regarded as madmen — although, perhaps, as madmen of a harmless nature. Our seclusion was perfect. We admitted no visitors.{s} Indeed the locality of our retirement had been carefully kept a secret from my own former associates; and it had been many years since Dupin had ceased to know or be known in Paris. We existed within ourselves alone.

      I find this part interesting. Why should they have been regarded as madmen? Is it merely because their lifestyles? Or the fact that they are isolated from the city. I don't think only by these traits should one be regarded as madmen.

    14. There appeared to be no furniture in any part of the building except in the fourth story.

      I couldn't find myself understanding why there is no furniture in the other parts of the building. Is it because of any superstitions? Or is it just mainly because of the home owner's preference. Or it may just be an unimportant statement I can ignore.

    15. There is also a well-known story of a pet monkey, who, imitating his master shaving himself, cut his own throat.

      I find this part surprising because it demonstrates the bizarre and tragic consequences of animals mimicking human behavior. I never expected that a monkey could imitate something as complex as shaving with such disastrous results.

    16. As the strong man exults in his physical ability, delighting in such exercises as call his muscles into action,(1) so glories the analyst in that moral activity which disentangles. He derives pleasure from even the most trivial occupations bringing his talent into play. He is fond of enigmas, of conundrums, of hieroglyphics; exhibiting in his solutions of each{b} a degree of acumen{c} which appears to the ordinary apprehension præternatural.

      These are the traits I've seen on both Sherlock Holmes' novel and the BBC television series starring Benedict Cumberbatch.

    17. There is also a story, still sometimes told by stage comedians, about a barber's pet monkey who, in the absence of his master from the shop, essayed to shave a customer with disastrous results.

      Probably because Poe was deeply influenced by Voltaire, a man committed in breaking conventional social norms. Hence the absurd story.

    18. Voltaire's Zadig

      Edgar Allan Poe was deeply influenced by Voltaire (伏爾泰).

      Voltaire was a prominent figure in the 18th-century French Enlightenment movement.

      Hence, I anticipate the incorporation of elements from that era, especially the philosophical discussion and dialogue that challenge conventional social norms, as evident in Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue Morgue.”

    19. “I will explain,” he said, “and that you may comprehend all clearly, we will first retrace the course of your meditations, from the moment in which I spoke to you until that of the rencontre{j} with the fruiterer in question. The larger links of the chain run thus — Chantilly, Orion, Dr. Nichol,{k} (16) Epicurus, Stereotomy, the street stones, the fruiterer.” There are few persons who have not, at some period of their lives, amused themselves in retracing the steps by which particular conclusions of their own minds have been attained. The occupation is often full of interest; and he who attempts it for the first time is{l} astonished by the apparently illimitable distance and incoherence between the starting-point and the goal.(17) What, then, must have been my amazement when I heard the Frenchman speak what he had just spoken, and when I could not help acknowledging that he had spoken the truth. He continued: “We had been talking of horses, if I remember aright, just before leaving the Rue C———. This was the last subject we discussed. As we crossed into this street, a fruiterer, with a large basket upon his head, brushing quickly past us, thrust you upon a pile of paving-stones collected at a spot where the causeway is undergoing repair. You stepped upon one of the loose fragments, slipped, slightly strained your ankle, appeared vexed or sulky, muttered a few words, turned to look{m} at the pile, and then proceeded in silence. I was not particularly attentive to what you did; but observation has become with me, of late, a species of necessity. “You kept your eyes upon the ground — glancing, with a petulant expression, at the holes and ruts in the pavement, (so that I saw you were still thinking of the stones,) until we reached the little alley called Lamartine,(18) which has been paved, by way of [page 536:] experiment, with the overlapping and riveted blocks.(19) Here your countenance brightened up, and, perceiving your lips move, I could not doubt that you murmured{n} the{oo} word ‘stereotomy,’ a term very affectedly applied to this species of pavement.{oo} I knew that you could not {pp}say to yourself ‘stereotomy’ without{pp}, being brought to think of atomies, and thus of the theories of Epicurus;(20) and since{q} when we discussed this subject not very long ago, I mentioned to you how singularly, yet with how little notice, the vague guesses of that noble Greek had met with confirmation in the late nebular cosmogony, I felt that you could not avoid casting your eyes upward{r} to the great nebula{s} in Orion,(21) and I certainly expected that you would do so. You did look up; and I was now{t} assured that I had correctly followed your steps. But in that bitter tirade upon Chantilly, which appeared in yesterday's ‘Musée,’ the satirist, making some disgraceful allusions to the cobbler's change of name upon assuming the buskin, quoted a{u} Latin line{v} about which{w} we have often conversed. I mean the line {xx}Perdidit antiquum litera prima sonum{xx} I had told you that this was in reference to Orion, formerly written Urion; and, from certain pungencies connected with this explanation, I was aware that you could not have forgotten it.(22) It was clear, therefore, that you would not fail to combine the two ideas of Orion and Chantilly. That you did combine them I saw by the character of the smile which passed over your lips. You thought of the poor cobbler's immolation. So far, you had been stooping in your gait; but now I saw you draw yourself up to your full height. I was then sure that you reflected upon the diminutive figure of Chantilly. At this point I interrupted your meditations to remark [page 537:] that as, in fact, he was a very little fellow — that Chantilly — he would do better at the Théâtre des Variétés.”{y}

      I know that the author wants to create an image of Dupin as a detective who is good at reasoning; however, I wondered, how could he link all these details together and never miss one action or facial expression from our narrator? If the author had cut some of the details, would it be more convincing to most people? Since most of us could barely do that, we might not be able to think of it and resonate with it.

    20. The piece has a fault, shared by too many later detective stories, of one too gory passage, something avoided in the far finer tale, “The Purloined Letter,” which Poe himself valued more highly.

      The explicit depiction of violence can evoke discomfort or revulsion in readers, prompting them to question the necessity of such details in the narrative.

    21. An extraordinary burglary — attended by very singular circumstances, and perpetrated by a curious felon — occurred in this town on Monday night.

      The idea of using an animal as a perpetrator is quite unusual, it details the chaotic encounter between the monkey and the residents, showcasing a blend of humor and absurdity that makes it particularly interesting.

    22. The{a} mental features discoursed of as the analytical{a′} are, in themselves, but little, susceptible of analysis.

      still found it hard to fully understand this, but Edgar put it in the beginning of the story, it should be an important or inspiring idea.

    23. As the strong man exults in his physical ability, delighting in such exercises as call his muscles into action,(1) so glories the analyst in that moral activity which disentangles.

      Although the wording is quite complex and difficult throughout the passage, but I think with this explanation makes me understand it better. (a man showing muscles just like analyst solving problems, both have its own happiness)

    24. He is fond of enigmas, of conundrums, of hieroglyphics; exhibiting in his solutions of each{b} a degree of acumen{c} which appears to the ordinary apprehension præternatural.

      ok then that's why he can be a detective, I even have no idea about the wording here...literally looking up for the words all the time...

    25. Like all the rest [of the tales], it is written backwards.

      I had to reread this paragraph multiple times to understand this line. Does it mean the story starts from the present and end at the past? It means, that the story forms clearer and clearer with each edition.

  21. Aug 2024
  22. Jul 2024
  23. Jun 2024
    1. perhaps 100 million human researcher equivalents running day and night t

      for - stats - AI evolution - equivalent of 100 million human researchers working 24/7

      stats - AI evolution - equivalent of 100 million human researchers working 24/7 - By 2027, the industry's aim is to have tens of millions of GPU training clusters, running - millions of copies of automated AI researchers, or the equivalent of - 100 million human AI researchers working 24/7

  24. May 2024
  25. Apr 2024
    1. Eine extreme Hitzewelle hat in der Sahelzone Hunderte, wahrscheinlich Tausende Menschenleben gefordert. World Weather Attribution zufolge ist die Höhe der Temperaturen eindeutig auf die globale Erhitzung durch Treibhausgase zurückzuführen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/18/lethal-heatwave-in-sahel-worsened-by-fossil-fuel-burning-study-finds

      Zur Studie: https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/extreme-sahel-heatwave-that-hit-highly-vulnerable-population-at-the-end-of-ramadan-would-not-have-occurred-without-climate-change/

    1. Bei der CERAWeek energy conference in Houston hat Aramco-Chef Amin Nasser unter Applaus dazu aufgerufen, die „Phantasie des Ausstiegs aus Öl und Gas“ aufzugeben. Die Energeiwende versage offensichtlich an den meisten Fronten. Das editoral board der Financial Times hält ihm die Temeperatur-Anomalien von 2023 entgegegen und verweist auf die Vermutung des NASA-Klimwissenschaftlers Gavin Schmidt, dass die Temeperaturentwicklungen seit 2023 auf eine nie dagewesenen Wissenslücke verweise und möglicherweise eine noch schnellere Erwärmung als bisher angenommen drohe. https://www.ft.com/content/6f858196-0a9c-4f0f-9720-a0a81849a998?accessToken=zwAAAY5x7Qlrkc9vhYGWCpxPD9OXIKCoGEmpmA.MEYCIQD3Tlyt5FrtHJnm7VkPQE0XYlj70r33jdeNBKWwre8I6AIhAP4kgVxDwXt_B_DxPSCCh_SLm696XOrWhri3AqJc8ZQG&segmentId=e95a9ae7-622c-6235-5f87-51e412b47e97&shareType=enterprise

  26. Mar 2024
    1. Eine Modellierung durch Forschende der Chinesischen Akademie für meteorologische Wissenschaften ergibt für 2024 hochwahrscheinliche Rekordtemperaturen und Extremwetter u.a. in südasiatischen Küstengebieten und dem Amazonasbecken. Auch bei einem gemäßigten El Niño ist aufgrund des Treibhausgasgehalts der Atmosphäre mit schweren Katastrophen zu rechnen. Der Artikel stellt das El Niño-Phänomen selbst relativ ausführlich dar. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000209661/el-nino-sorgt-in-den-naechsten-monaten-fuer-temperaturrekorde

      Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52846-2

  27. Feb 2024
    1. Interview mit dem OMV-Chef Alfred Stern. Die OMV hat von der Energiekrise durch den Ukraine-Krieg profitiert, setzt internatiional auf Petrochemie im Joint Venture mit der Adnoc und sieht keine Veranlassung, russische Gaslierferungen nach Österreich zu stoppen. (Das österreichische Ministerium für Klimaschutz und Energie hat wegen der Kontrolle der ÖBAG durch das Finanzministerium und der gemeisamen Kontrolle der OMV durch ÖBAG und Adnoc offenbar kaum Einfluss.) https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article248647270/OMV-Chef-Ist-auch-vernuenftig-russisches-Gas-weiterhin-abzunehmen.html

  28. Jan 2024
    1. Ausführlicher Artikel zum Hintergrund der Entscheidung der Biden-Adminstration, den Bau der LNG-Terminals CP2 nicht ohne Überprüfung der Klimawirkung zu genehmigen. Zur Zeit haben die USA sieben LNG-Export-Terminals, fünf sind in Bau. CP2 wäre das bisher größte; es ist eines von 17 Terminals im Planungsstadium. Die USA sind weltweit führend beim LNG-Export und bei der Öl- und Gasproduktion insgesamt. CP2 soll, bei Baukosten von 10 Milliarden Dollar, 20 Millionen Tonnen LNG im Jahr verschiffen, 20% der US- Exporte. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/climate/biden-lng-export-terminal-cp2.html

  29. Dec 2023
  30. Nov 2023
  31. Oct 2023
    1. Die Erde befindet sich bereits in einem "uncharted territory". 20 von 35 Indikatoren, mit denen sich das Funktionieren des Klimasystems beurteilen lässt, zeigen inzwischen extreme Werte. Die aktualisierte Version einer von den renommiertesten Erdsystemwissenschaftler:innen erstellten (und von 2000 Wissenschaftlern unterzeichneten Studie) von 2019 kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Warnungen aus der Wissenschaft, den Planeten nicht überzubelasten, nicht rechtzeitig ernst genommen wurden und das Erdsystem seinen stabilen Zustand verlassen hat. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/24/earth-vital-signs-human-history-scientists-sustainable-future

      Report: https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad080

    1. Die Internationale Energieagentur IEA hält eine Begrenzung der globalen Erhitzung aufgrund des schnellen Wachstums bei den erneuerbaren Energien für sehr schwierig, aber noch möglich. In ihrem Jahresbericht kommt sie zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Höhepunkt der Nachfrage nach Kohle, Gas und Öl bis 2030 erreicht werden wird. Die Energiepolitik der wichtigen Staaten ist aber bei der Umstellung auf Erneuerbare bei weitem nicht so ehrgeizig, als es nötig ist. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/grace-aux-energies-bas-carbone-limiter-le-rechauffement-climatique-reste-possible-affirme-lagence-internationale-de-lenergie-20231024_YF7ZJA7WBFACRFIVCBRONJPKAA/

      World Energy Outlook 2023: https://origin.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023

      Mehr zum World Energy Outlook 2023: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22report%3A%20World%20Energy%20Outlook%202023%22

    1. In Italien werden bereits geplante Investitionen zur schnelleren Errichtung von Offshore-Windkraft-Anlagen mit der Begründung gestrichen, dass die von der EU zur Verfügung gestellten Budgetmittel nicht ausreichen. In der Regierung gibt es heftigen Widerstand gegen eine mit der EU vereinbarte Liberalisierung bei den Energiepreisen. https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2023/10/24/news/decreto_energia_proroga_mercato_tutelato_cdm_governo-418606409/

    1. There are several occasions where the massebah is not associated with pagan worship. When the massebah is associated with the worship of Yahweh, the massebah is accepted as a valid expression of commitment to Yahweh.

      Massebah for pagan worship: - Exodus 23:24 (https://hypothes.is/a/r3m5QmyDEe6SC8eLYcJE1Q) - Hosea 10:1 (https://hypothes.is/a/4PK2GGyDEe6wZg_r2YpVCA ) - 2 Kings 18:4 - 2 Kings 23:14

      Massebah for worship of Yahweh: - Genesis 28:18 Jacob's pillow (https://hypothes.is/a/NF5p8Gx6Ee65Rg_J4tfaMQ)<br /> - Genesis 31:44-45 Jacob and Laban's covenant - Exodus 24:4 - Joshua 24:25-27

    2. During the establishment of the covenant between Yahweh and Israel, the people were commanded to destroy the sacred stones of the Canaanites, “You must demolish them and break their sacred stones (masseboth) to pieces” (Exodus 23:24).

      In neighboring cultures in which both have oral practices relating to massebah, one is not just destroying "sacred stones" to stamp out their religion, but it's also destroying their culture and cultural memory as well as likely their laws and other valuable memories for the function of their society.

      View this in light also of the people of Israel keeping their own sacred stones (Hosea 10:1) as well as the destruction of pillars dedicated to Baal in 2 Kings 18:4 and 2 Kings 23:14.

      (Link and) Compare this to the British fencing off the land in Australia and thereby destroying Songlines and access to them and the impact this had on Indigenous Australians.

      It's also somewhat similar to the colonialization activity of stamping out of Indigenous Americans and First Nations' language in North America, though the decimation of their language wasn't viewed in as reciprocal way as it might be viewed now. (Did colonizers of the time know about the tremendous damage of language destruction, or was it just a power over function?)

  32. Sep 2023
    1. Die österreichische Gasbranche startet - offenbar in Kooperation mit der Industriellenvereinigung - eine PR-Initiative gegen das Erneuerbare-Wärme-Gesetz. Dabei wird das Narrativ der der Technologie-Offenheit verwendet und mit Hinweisen auf Biomethan und Wasserstoff für den Erhalt der Gasheizungen argumentiert. Unkritische Widergabe einer APA-Meldung im Standard. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000188226/erneuerbare-waerme-gesetz-laesst-gasbranche-zittern

  33. Jun 2023
  34. May 2023
    1. One click to turn any web page into a card. Organize your passions.

      https://aboard.com/

      In beta May 2023, via:

      All right. @Aboard is in Beta. @richziade and I are to blame, and everyone else deserves true credit. Here's an animated GIF that explains the entire product. Check out https://t.co/i9RXiJLvyA, sign up, and we're waving in tons of folks every day. pic.twitter.com/7WS1OPgsHV

      — Paul Ford (@ftrain) May 17, 2023
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  35. Apr 2023