reply to u/LowkeyHooligan at https://reddit.com/r/commonplacebook/comments/1gdpiis/space_for_a_commonplace/

I'm not talking about my specific practice but commonplacing and Zettelkasten writ large. Early users of slips in the tradition of ars excerpendi were commonplacing, they were just putting their excerpts onto slips (or scraps) of paper rather than in a notebook. Far too many think the idea of Zettelkasten was "invented" by Niklas Luhmann when in fact the tradition goes back to at least Konrad Gessner in the 16th century. There was absolutely nothing innovative about Luhmann's Zettelkasten—even his numbering system was widely used by the mid 1910s. Early Zettelkasten (aka card indexes in English) were commonplaces, just done on slips of paper rather than bound "slips" in book format.

The more recent "Zettelkasten Method" practitioners, (roughly after June 2013) have largely omitted the centuries-long intellectual history of their practice and are guilty of too much Luhmann worship. On the other hand, they hew heavily toward the minimalist approach and don't decorate their work with stickers, drawings, or other art which seems to have come into fashion in the social media era. This is what I would call "drolleries on acid" without the benefit of knowing about the tradition of ars memoria.

My practice with these goes well beyond commonplacing. Most early 20th century card indexes were used for a variety of purposes beyond commonplacing too including indexing, tickler files, databases, rolodexes, etc. What you're describing sounds more like my modified Memindex practice (https://boffosocko.com/2023/03/09/the-memindex-method-an-early-precursor-of-the-memex-hipster-pda-43-folders-gtd-basb-and-bullet-journal-systems/). You'll find more on my particular practice and the historical practices of others at: https://boffosocko.com/research/zettelkasten-commonplace-books-and-note-taking-collection/

For early 20th century uses, try: - Kaiser, Julius Otto. 1908. Card System at the Office. London: Vacher and Sons. http://archive.org/details/cardsystematoffi00kaisrich. - Kaiser, Julius Otto. 1911. Systematic Indexing. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. http://archive.org/details/systematicindexi00kaisuoft. - Duffield, David Walter, and Various. 1951. Progressive Indexing and Filing. 5th ed. New York, NY: Remington Rand Inc. http://archive.org/details/progressiveindex0000varo.

El Granero Typewriter Company<br /> https://typewriter.company/

They seems to specialize in Olivetti, Hermes, Olympia and Erika machines. They do a fair amount of repainting and chroming.

Voici un résumé du document:

• Le document présente les standards pour l'éducation sexuelle en Europe, élaborés par le Bureau régional de l'OMS pour l'Europe et le BZgA, en collaboration avec un groupe d'experts de différents pays et disciplines.
• Le document définit l'éducation sexuelle comme une approche holistique qui vise à informer les enfants et les jeunes sur tous les aspects de la sexualité et à développer leurs compétences, leurs attitudes et leurs valeurs pour vivre une sexualité positive et responsable.
• Le document expose les arguments, les principes, les objectifs et les partenaires de l'éducation sexuelle, ainsi que les caractéristiques et les exigences de base pour sa mise en œuvre, notamment dans les écoles.
• Le document propose une matrice qui présente les thèmes, les informations, les compétences et les attitudes que l'éducation sexuelle devrait couvrir pour les différents groupes d'âge, de 0 à 15 ans et plus, en tenant compte du développement psychosexuel de l'enfant et de l'adolescent.
• Le document s'adresse aux décideurs politiques, aux autorités compétentes en matière d'éducation et de santé, aux spécialistes et aux acteurs du domaine, et vise à servir de cadre de référence et de plaidoyer pour l'introduction ou l'élargissement de l'éducation sexuelle dans la région européenne de l'OMS.

Bachman, George, and Lawrence Narici. Functional Analysis. Academic Press, 1966. Reprint: Dover Publications, 2000.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhard_Seminars_Training <br /> Erhard Seminars Training aka est, Est, and EST

Final rule from the Sunshine act details exactly how the NPI should be leveraged for reporting.

This is the OIG report on the failings of NPPES.

This is an addition of the use of NPPES to fight waste fraud and abuse. In 2013.

Bericht zur Entwicklung der Biodiversität in Österreich. Wird in dieser Form EU-weit alle 6 Jahre erstellt.

16:30 "But the only fatwa that has, in fact, said that no images of Mohammed are permitted, and that includes Islamic paintings, not just the cartoons, came out in 2013 in Saudi Arabia by a Salafi cleric whose name is Al-Munajid. And there are other fatwas like Asistani, the Shi'i cleric, who says these images are perfectly fine, as long as they're respectful."

20:00 Fatwas can be issued (like the above) in a vacuum without any real conversation within the Islamic community. Few years back even building a snowman fatwa as haram. Animals are decapitated in Saudi textbooks. People in 20th century having 14th century book that depicts a head, decapitating it (al-ras).

for - The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability - Camilo Mora et al. - 6th mass extinction - biodiversity loss - question - 2024 - Sept 13 - how do we reconcile climate departure with quantification of earth system boundary biodiversity safe and just limit? - to - climate departure map - map of major cities - 2013 - to - researchgate paper - The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability - 2013 - Camilo Mora et al

paper details - title: The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability - author: - Camilo Mora, - Abby G. Frazier, - Ryan J. Longman, - Rachel S. Dacks, - Maya M. Walton, - Eric J. Tong, - Joseph J. Sanchez, - Lauren R. Kaiser, - Yuko O. Stender, - James M. Anderson, - Christine M. Ambrosino, - Iria Fernandez-Silva, - Louise M. Giuseffi, - Thomas W. Giambelluca - date - 9 October, 2013 - publication Nature 502, 183-187 (2013) - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12540 - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12540

to - https://hyp.is/0BdCglsHEe-2CteEQbOBfw/www.researchgate.net/publication/257598710_The_projected_timing_of_climate_departure_from_recent_variability

Summary - This is an extremely important paper with a startling conclusion of the magnitude of the social and economic impacts of the biodiversity disruption coming down the pipeline - It is likely that very few governments are prepared to adapt to these levels of ecosystemic disruption - Climate departure is defined as an index of the year when: - The projected mean climate of a given location moves to a state that is - continuously outside the bounds of historical variability - Climate departure is projected to happen regardless of how aggressive our climate mitigation pathway - The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in the study is RCP85 and leads to a global climate departure mean of 2047 (+/- 14 years s.d.) while - The more aggressive RCP45 scenario (which we are currently far from) leads to a global climate departure mean of 2069 (+/- 18 years s.d.) - So regardless of how aggressive we mitigate, we cannot avoid climate departure. - What consequences will this have on economies around the world? How will we adapt? - The world is not prepared for the vast ecosystem changes, which will reshape our entire economy all around the globe.

question - 2024 - Sept 13 - how do we reconcile climate departure with quantification of earth system boundary biodiversity safe and just limit? - Annotating the Sept 11, 2024 published Earth Commission paper in Lancet, the question arises: - How do we reconcile climate departure dates with the earth system boundary quantification of safe limits for biodiversity? - There, it is claimed that: - 50 to 60 % of intact nature is required<br /> - https://hyp.is/Mt8ocnIEEe-C0dNSJFTjyQ/www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(24)00042-1/fulltext - a minimum of 20 to 25% of human modified ecosystems is required - https://hyp.is/AKwa4nIHEe-U1oNQDdFqlA/www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(24)00042-1/fulltext - in order to mitigate major species extinction and social disruption crisis - And yet, Mora et al.'s research and subsequent climate departure map shows climate departure is likely to take place everywhere on the globe, with - aggressive RCP decarbonization pathway only delaying climate departure from - Business-As-Usual RCP pathway - by a few decades at most - And this was a 2011 result. 13 years later in 2024, I expect climate departure dates have likely gotten worse and moved closer to the present

from - Gupta, Joyeeta et al.(2024). A just world on a safe planet: a Lancet Planetary Health–Earth Commission report on Earth-system boundaries, translations, and transformations. The Lancet Planetary Health, Volume 0, Issue 0 - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flanplh%2Farticle%2FPIIS2542-5196(24)00042-1%2Ffulltext&group=world

to - climate departure map - of major cities of the world - 2013 - https://hyp.is/tV1UOFsKEe-HFQ-jL-6-cw/www.hawaii.edu/news/2013/10/09/study-in-nature-reveals-urgent-new-time-frame-for-climate-change/ - full research paper - researchgate

for stats - digital stats - 38% of webpages in 2013 no longer exist May 2024

for - stats - digital decay - 25% of webpages that existed from 2013 to 2023 no longer exist as of Oct 2023

stats - digital decay - A quarter of all webpages that existed at one point between 2013 and 2023 are no longer accessible as of October 2023

for - question - earth system boundaries - biodiversity - how do we reconcile these boundaries with climate departure?

question - earth system boundaries - biodiversity - how do we reconcile these boundaries with climate departure? - Does the term "functional integrity" imply autonomy from climate feedbacks? Obviously, climate feedback plays a huge role in determining biodiversity health - In 2013, Mora et al. found that climate departure, the year in which a climate variable moves out of the historical bounds will occur everywhere on the planet, regardless of an aggressive RCP pathway being taken. In this study, climate departure was found to take place (relative to 2013) - 37.5 years in the future under RCP45, or - 22.5 years in the future under RCP85 - It would seem that the biodiversity boundaries should take into consideration climate departure as species extinction and ecological system disruption is projected to occur, regardless of whether RCP45 or RCP85 is adopted. - Currently, we are still on a Business-As-Usual trajectory, but since 2013, scientific research has moved the danger threshold even lower so climate departure dates are likely even sooner than those calculated in the 2013 Mora paper

to - Mora, C., Frazier, A., Longman, R. et al. (2013). The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability. Nature 502, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12540 - https://hyp.is/3wZrokX9Ee-XrSvMGWEN2g/www.nature.com/articles/nature12540 - Researchgate copy - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F257598710_The_projected_timing_of_climate_departure_from_recent_variability&group=world

for - climate departure map - of major cities around the globe - 2013 - Camilo Mora et al. - from - climate departure paper

from - The projected timeline of climate departure from recent variability - https://hyp.is/0BdCglsHEe-2CteEQbOBfw/www.researchgate.net/publication/257598710_The_projected_timing_of_climate_departure_from_recent_variability

for - stats - US trade deficit with China

stats US trade deficit with China - Due to the cheaper cost of manufacturing in China, many U.S. companies have outsourced their labor abroad. - This has resulted in - a massive trade deficit between the U.S. and China and - has led to a loss of around 2.4 million jobs since 2013, or - almost two-thirds of all U.S. manufacturing jobs

Die globale Durchschnittstemperatur hat sich von 2014 bis 2023 um 0,26 Grad erhöht, das ist deutlich mehr als in den zehn Jahren davor. Die Beschleunigung der Erderhitzung erschwert das Erreichen des 1,5 Grad Ziels zusätzlich. Die neuen Daten wurden in einer Studie anlässlich der Klima-Zwischen-Konferenz in Bonn publiziert. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/le-rechauffement-climatique-engendre-par-lhumanite-a-un-rythme-sans-precedent-avertit-une-etude-scientifique-20240605_UP2TYIV67RC6VA4XMKHF45KZ5I/

Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:11][^1^][1] - [00:34:50][^2^][2] : La vidéo présente une discussion approfondie sur le contrôle de la pensée dans les sociétés démocratiques, l'influence des médias et des relations publiques, et les idées de Noam Chomsky sur la nature humaine, la créativité et le langage.

Points saillants : + [00:02:25][^3^][3] Contrôle de la pensée dans une société démocratique * Chomsky suggère d'examiner les médias et les industries des relations publiques + [00:04:05][^4^][4] Rôle des médias et de l'éducation * Ils doivent permettre un contrôle significatif du processus politique par le public + [00:05:51][^5^][5] Propagande et démocratie * Chomsky compare la propagande en démocratie à la violence dans une dictature + [00:07:53][^6^][6] Chomsky sur la communication animale * Discute des limites de la communication avec les animaux et de la nature unique du langage humain + [00:10:16][^7^][7] Nature humaine et langage * Chomsky explore la programmation génétique du langage et la créativité inhérente + [00:15:17][^8^][8] Critique de la politique américaine * Chomsky est connu pour ses critiques des politiques gouvernementales et de la concentration du pouvoir Résumé de la vidéo 00:34:53 - 01:05:39: La vidéo discute du modèle de propagande dans les médias, où Noam Chomsky explique comment le consentement est fabriqué à travers divers filtres institutionnels, influençant la perception publique et marginalisant la dissidence.

Points saillants: + [00:34:53][^1^][1] Modèle de propagande * Filtres institutionnels * Médias nationaux comme cadre + [00:37:01][^2^][2] Rôle du New York Times * Influence sur la perception publique * Création de l'histoire + [00:42:02][^3^][3] Contrôle des médias * Propriété des entreprises * Exclusion des voix dissidentes + [00:47:37][^4^][4] Activisme politique de Chomsky * Décision consciente * Conséquences personnelles + [00:50:37][^5^][5] Défauts de la société * Nécessité de nouvelles formes d'action * Résistance directe et non-participation + [00:58:39][^6^][6] Guerre du Golfe et médias * Exclusion d'options pacifiques * Subservience des médias Résumé de la vidéo [01:05:42][^1^][1] - [01:34:46][^2^][2]:

Cette partie de la vidéo discute de la fabrication du consentement et de l'impact des médias sur la perception publique des événements mondiaux, en se concentrant sur des exemples historiques tels que les atrocités au Cambodge et à Timor-Est.

Points saillants: + [01:05:42][^3^][3] La distraction du public * Utilisation du sport pour créer des attitudes irrationnelles + [01:07:05][^4^][4] Étude du modèle de propagande * Comparaison des réactions médiatiques aux atrocités + [01:08:01][^5^][5] Génocide au Cambodge * Couverture médiatique intense et partiale + [01:09:01][^6^][6] Invasion de Timor-Est * Manque de couverture médiatique et soutien occidental + [01:22:13][^7^][7] L'importance de la dissidence * Impact des citoyens sur la politique étrangère + [01:33:16][^8^][8] Luttes pour la liberté * Courage des sociétés opprimées et rôle des dissidents

Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:00][^1^][1] - [00:27:47][^2^][2]:

Cette vidéo présente un débat sur le rôle des médias et la fabrication du consentement, mettant en vedette le professeur Noam Chomsky. Il discute de la manière dont les médias façonnent la perception publique et marginalisent les opinions dissidentes.

Points forts: + [00:00:00][^3^][3] Rôle des documentaires * Différences avec les films de fiction * Objectif informatif et éducatif + [00:02:18][^4^][4] Débat sur le consentement fabriqué * Discussion sur la manipulation des médias * Exemples de la couverture médiatique biaisée + [00:06:01][^5^][5] Démocratie et liberté * Importance de soutenir les droits communs * Nécessité de la liberté pour la survie + [00:17:01][^6^][6] Concision dans les médias * Limites de l'expression des opinions complexes * Influence sur la présentation des informations Résumé de la vidéo [00:27:49][^1^][1] - [00:57:50][^2^][2] : Cette partie de la vidéo aborde la controverse entourant Noam Chomsky, notamment ses opinions sur la liberté d'expression et son implication dans la défense des droits civils d'un intellectuel français controversé.

Points saillants : + [00:28:04][^3^][3] Introduction de Noam Chomsky * Présenté comme intellectuel controversé + [00:29:01][^4^][4] Défense de la liberté d'expression * Chomsky distingue le droit d'exprimer des idées et les idées elles-mêmes + [00:30:02][^5^][5] Controverse sur l'Holocauste * Discussion sur la négation de l'Holocauste et la liberté académique + [00:31:25][^6^][6] Affaire Robert Faurisson * Chomsky signe une pétition pour les droits civils de Faurisson + [00:39:15][^7^][7] Impact du militantisme * Chomsky encourage l'action communautaire pour le changement social + [00:44:58][^8^][8] Médias alternatifs * Importance des médias citoyens pour la démocratie et l'activisme Résumé de la vidéo [00:57:55][^1^][1] - [01:12:31][^2^][2]: Part 3 de la vidéo aborde la critique des systèmes économiques actuels et l'exploration des alternatives anarchistes, en mettant en lumière des exemples historiques et en discutant de la nécessité d'une transformation spirituelle pour un changement social.

Points forts: + [00:57:55][^3^][3] Critique du capitalisme * Rejet de l'esclavage salarial * Appel à la gestion démocratique + [01:00:21][^4^][4] Exemples d'anarchisme * Succès des kibboutz israéliens * Révolution espagnole de 1936 + [01:02:01][^5^][5] Changement de nature humaine * Nécessaire pour le socialisme libertaire * Conduit à une transformation spirituelle + [01:04:42][^6^][6] Mythes de la civilisation industrielle * Critique de la quête du gain matériel * Avertissement sur la durabilité + [01:06:20][^7^][7] Communication de masse et démocratie * Question de la liberté d'expression * Importance pour la survie humaine + [01:09:20][^8^][8] Impact personnel et politique * Influence sur l'engagement politique * Réflexion sur le pouvoir des médias

The use of "absent" is excessive in the show Spartacus. This, supposedly, is done with intention. It need mimic the Latin language structure. Though, how does absent this and that aid in that?

In Brasilien und anderen südamerikanischen Ländern folgt eine extreme Frühlingshitzewelle auf eine Hitzewelle im dortigen Winter. Reportage im Guardian.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/26/brazil-temperature-spring-heatwave-weather-climate-change?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other

Auf der Insel Maui in Hawaii haben Feuer einen großen Teil der alten Stadt Lahaina zerstört und über 50 Menschenleben gefordert (Update 15. 8.: mindestens 93 Tote). Eine lang anhaltende Trockenheit hat das Ausbrechen der Feuer an verschiedenen Teilen der Insel erleichtert, Stürme in der Folge des Orkans Dora haben sie verbreitet. In ihrem Ausmaß wird die Katastrophe mit dem Camp Fire verglichen dass 2018 die kalifornische Stadt Paradise zerstörte. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/10/hawaii-fire-kills-people-lahaina-town-maui

This could be a good framework for how schools engage with the community to provide opportunities they are not able to otherwise provide for students. The community is a part of the learning process and exposes students to authentic learning opportunities.

Why are these experiences unique to school? Were they industry or research based? Were they looking at specialized equipment?

For schools, does "out of school learning" mean that students are reaching for things schools cannot provide? Or things they do not provide (choice)?

We are not helping students by dismissing background knowledge they possess as a result of learning on their own.

Calvin and Hobbes - "we don't talk about dinosaurs in school."

See Esach (2007) for more context of the "edutainment" aspect of informal learning. Is entertaining content/context more important that the educational context? What should schools accept - or reject - from that position?

https://youtu.be/UTtDb73NkNM?t=49

CBS has a card index with an index card indicating that Morley Safer brought an Olivetti typewriter to the office.

Whose card index was this? What other purpose did it serve?

Hennemann, Alexa. “Ausstellungseröffnung am 4. März: »Zettelkästen. Maschinen der Phantasie« Mit Navid Kermani, Norbert Miller und Meike Werner. Zum 250. Geburtstag von Jean Paul.” Deutches Literatur Archiv Marbach, February 13, 2013. https://www.dla-marbach.de/presse/presse-details/news/pm-11-2013/.

https://socialmediaissues.net/

Website for Social Media Issues, A resource for Comm 182/282. A course offered by Howard Rheingold at Stanford, Autumn, 2013

https://hobohm.edublogs.org/2013/03/15/zettelkasten-maschinen-der-phantasie/

Short blogpost about the Marbach 2013 zettelkasten exhibition with a few photos:

Kaube, Jürgen. “Zettelkästen: Alles und noch viel mehr: Die gelehrte Registratur.” FAZ.NET, June 3, 2013. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/geisteswissenschaften/zettelkaesten-alles-und-noch-viel-mehr-die-gelehrte-registratur-12103104.html

https://lifehacker.com/im-ryan-holiday-and-this-is-how-i-work-1485776137

An influential productivity article from 2013-12-18 that is seen quoted over the blogosphere for the following years that broadened the idea of the commonplace book and the later popularity of the zettelkasten.

Note that zettelkasten.de was just starting up at about this time period, though it follows the work of Manfred Kuehn's note taking blog.

Wang, C. J., Ng, C. Y., & Brook, R. H. (2020). Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics, New Technology, and Proactive Testing. JAMA, 323(14), 1341. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3151

Trago aqui o link do vídeo que fala sobre as emoções fantasmas - experiências emocionais no ciberespaco! E um estudo de um grupo de trabalho do mpel6

The authors spend time noting and comparing new perspectives between andragogy and pedagogy. The authors compare teaching strategies and personality types. They conclude by defining several rules observed for e-learning in adult education.

Rating: 7/10

Note: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1013743

(Click Download full text to read.) In this brief article, the authors contrast the child and adult learner. Highlighting the adult learner's characteristics, the article further discusses factors that might affect the individual learning style. Furthermore, the authors discuss these styles in the context of eLearning (extravert, introvert, sensory type, intuitive adult, reflexive type, affective type, rational type, and perceptive type). Each learning type and preferred eLearning method is illustrated (Table 1, p. 60). Rationale for the implementation of eLearning is detailed (p. 61). Guidelines for the use of eLearning is discussed. (6/10)

Now that GTAs are unionizing, will caps on the amount they can teach continue to drop?

What's the best way to tell GTAs this?

This page is the main page through which the other pages are accessed, and to which they redirect when finished. Some pages have directions to the PubMed Commons pages that in 2013 began facilitating the annotation of articles in the bioscience literature. Sadly, this was stopped in 2018, but comments can be retrieved through the Hypothesis site as detailed on my Laboratory Page.

Mon Mar 27 2017 09:20:19 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)

Fri Jan 27 2017 11:37:54 GMT-0800 (Pacific Standard Time)

Page 8

Jockers talking about the old approach in the 1990s to anecdotal evidence:

… in the 1990s, gathering literary evidence meant reading books, noting "things" (a phallic symbol here, a bibliographical reference there, a stylistic flourish, an allusion, and so on) and then interpreting: making sense and arguments out of those observations. Today, in the age of digital libraries and large-scale book-digitization projects, the nature of the "evidence" available to us has changed, radically. Which is not to say that we should no longer read books looking for, or noting, random "things," but rather to emphasize that massive digital corpora offer is unprecedented access to literally record an invite, even demand, a new type of evidence gathering and meaning making. The literary scholar of the 21st-century can no longer be content with anecdotal evidence, with random "things" gathered from a few, even "representative," text. We must strive to understand the things we find interesting in the context of everything else, including a massive possibly "uninteresting" text.

Pages 7 and 8

Jockers is talking here about Ian Watt’s method in Rise of the Novel

What are we to do with the other three to five thousand works of fiction published in the eighteenth century? What of the works that Watt did not observe and account for with his methodology, and how are we to now account for works not penned by Defoe, by Richardson, or by Fielding? Might other novelists tell a different story? Can we, in good conscience, even believe that Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding are representative writers? Watt’s sampling was not random; it was quite the opposite. But perhaps we only need to believe that these three (male) authors are representative of the trend towards "realism" that flourished in the nineteenth century. Accepting this premise makes Watts magnificent synthesis into no more than a self-fulfilling project, a project in which the books are stacked in advance. No matter what we think of the sample, we must question whether in fact realism really did flourish. Even before that, we really ought to define what it means "to flourish" in the first place. Flourishing certainly seems to be the sort of thing that could, and ought, to be measured. Watt had no yardstick against which to make such a measurement. He had only a few hundred texts that he had read. Today things are different. The larger literary record can no longer be ignored: it is here, and much of it is now accessible.

Jockers, Matthew L. 2013. Macroanalysis: Digital Methods and Literary History. Topics in the Digital Humanities. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Here is an interesting mega-mall i have found in china that is now deserted because of online shopping. The plans have even started taking back its land.

I am the author of this paragraph. I am also one of the scientists doing the metabolomic studies. I am in collaboration with many others in this project.

The highest value in the lowest 10% of z-scores in the article.

Median z-score: the middle z score for all the journals cited in the paper. I wonder why median?

Interesting! So the more random the pairing appeared the more novel the original paper was deemed to be?

This is a tall order!

The importance of framing your work in work that has already been done.

It will be interesting to see how they measured this in so many articles.

BP plc Share capital in other currencies

BP plc Statement of capital 2013 Preference Shares