- Oct 2024
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Die von Waldbränden außerhalb der Tropen verursachten Emissionen haben sich seit 2001 fast verdreifacht. Weltweit haben die Emissionen durch Waldbrände in dieser Zeit um 60% zugenommen. Ursache dafür ist die Kombination von heißerem und trockenerem Wetter mit dem schnelleren Wachstum der Wälder durch die höheren Temperaturen. Die Wälder können durch die Brände jahrzehntelang zu Emittenten werden. Damit ist die Funktion der Wälder als Kohlenstoffsenken gefährdet. Das bedeutet auch, dass sie andere anthropogene Emissionen weniger kompensieren und die Fähigkeit verlieren, nach einem Überschreiten der 1,5°-Grenze C0<sub>2</sub> aus der Atmosphäre zu entfernen. Außerdem müssten diese von Menschen verursachten Emissonen den C0<sub>2</sub>-Budgets der Nationalstaaten zugeordnet werden.
Tags
- Global rise in forest fire emissions linked to climate change in the extratropics
- date:: 2024-10-17
- author:: Crystal A. Kolden
- Schwächung der terrestrischen Kohlenstoffsenken
- Boreale Wälder
- author:: Matthew W. Jones
- date::2024-10-17
- 2001-2023
- increasing risk of wildfires
- author: Stefan H. Doerr
Annotators
URL
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www.carbonbrief.org www.carbonbrief.org
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Erstmals wurde genau erfasst, welcher Teil der von Waldbränden betroffenen Gebiete sich auf die menschlich verursachte Erhitzung zurückführen lässt. Er wächst seit 20 Jahren deutlich an. Insgesamt kompensieren die auf die Erhitzung zurückgehenden Waldbrände den Rückgang an Bränden durch Entwaldung. Der von Menschen verursachte – und für die Berechnung von Schadensansprüchen relevante – Anteil der CO2-Emissione ist damit deutlich höher als bisher angenommen https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-almost-wipes-out-decline-in-global-area-burned-by-wildfires/
Tags
- David Bowman
- Seppe Lampe
- Matthew W. Jones
- global
- Global burned area increasingly explained by climate change
- increasing risk oft wildfires
- Global rise in forest fire emissions linked to climate change in the extratropics
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Maria Barbosa
- attribution
- land use change
- Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
- World Weather Attribution
- Transdisciplinary Fire Centre at the University of Tasmania.
- CO2-Emissionen von Waldbränden
- Global Carbon Budget
Annotators
URL
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Local file Local file
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System
card system ⇒ system theory
In the early 1900s it was very common, especially in English speaking countries to call these note taking/paper database systems "card systems". Is it a wonder then that they may have helped to create "systems theory"?
In particular, look at Niklas Luhmann's work as well as Ross Ashby.
Example of a fleeting note triggered by a single word in a context, but with thoughts not relating at all to the specifics of the particular work.
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www.youngw.ca www.youngw.ca
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ashby.info ashby.info
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https://ashby.info/journal/index.html
Note that the URL http://www.rossashby.info/index.html has moved.
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Local file Local file
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H.S.WYNKOOP.-I have beeninterestedever sinceIhave beenMr.Wynkoop.inbusiness inthe lack ofstandardization in nearly everythingwehavehadtodealwith-notmerelyinthematterofthiscardsystemusedin theshop,but eveninourletterpaperandthevarioussizesofprints ordocumentsthatrunthroughtheoffice.SomeyearsagoItook thelettersheetusedbytheEdison GeneralElectricCompanyandusedthatasastandard,andImadeeveryformintheofficewhereIwasatthetimeeitherfull letter,halfletterordoubleletter,andsoon;anditwasastonishingtoseehow,whenthe employees got usedtotheidea ofstandard-sizedforms,every-thingfittedin,andfrommyownexperience Iwouldliketosecondthat ideaheartily.Wecould standardize in nearly everythingweconstruct inthewayof forms,shopstationery,and,verylargely,inour machines.Thestandardizationofelectricmotorsisre-ceiving greatattentionatpresent.
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www.theplayerstribune.com www.theplayerstribune.com
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As a six-year-old boy
Bringing up a memory of being a young child and aspiring to become successful in what they love which can create a connection with the addressed audience
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Local file Local file
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BDSC 42493
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06897-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_42493
Curator: @maulamb
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42493
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BDSC #28818
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06897-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_28818
Curator: @maulamb
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_28818
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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TH-Gal4
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20836-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @maulamb
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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- Sep 2024
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Addgene
DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00146-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_42230
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_42230
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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60523
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50298-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_60523
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_60523
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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14888
DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03443-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_14888
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_14888
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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67977
DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02357-w
Resource: Addgene_67977
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_67977
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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52961
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51901-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_52961
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52961
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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11347
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70866-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_11347
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_11347
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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105183
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01922-w
Resource: Addgene_105183
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_105183
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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52963
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51939-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_52963
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52963
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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224929
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06770-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_224929
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_224929
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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52,961
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04213-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_52961
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52961
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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16577
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01800-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_16577
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_16577
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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122139
DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01139-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_122139
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_122139
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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154001
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71212-w
Resource: RRID:Addgene_154001
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_154001
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Rbfox1MI09677
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02757-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @maulamb
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
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kindlier relationsbetween black and white
W: How were the relations between black and white people kinder than other things going on in the world?
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are willing to forgive much to honest endeavor which is doingsomething worth the doing
W: This sentence doesn't really make sense to me...are they saying people are willing to give a lot for the cause?
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Mr. Washington’s cult
W: Why is the author referring to those who believe in his as his cult?
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- Aug 2024
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BL3605
DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00162-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_3605
Curator: @anisehay
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_3605
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www.congress.gov www.congress.gov
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101st CONGRESS 1st Session H. CON. RES. 180 Commending the outstanding efforts of aviators and the Flying Tigers for valued and competent service to the United States. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES July 31, 1989
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.
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Whereas aviators have had a distinguished record as volunteers in emergency and rescue missions;
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Whereas the Flying Tigers originated in the jungles of Burma nearly 50 years ago with the United States volunteer group of General Clair Chennault;
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Whereas the tradition of proud and distinguished service of the Flying Tigers to the United States began under the direction of Robert W. Prescott;
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Whereas this proud and distinguished group of aviators has steadfastly served the specialized air transportation needs of the United States for more than 4 decades;
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Whereas the Flying Tigers has provided assistance with rescue efforts in Korea, Hungary, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Ethiopia, as well as many other humanitarian missions; and
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Whereas the Flying Tigers are representative of countless aviators that deserve recognition for service to the Nation and to thousands of individuals throughout the world:
Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That the Congress commends the outstanding efforts of aviators and the Flying Tigers for valued and competent service to the United States.
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typographica.org typographica.org
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A.M. Cassandre and Imre Reiner designed two typefaces that included four different widths for the Olivetti Graphika. And W.A. Dwiggins worked on the design of proportional type for Remington Rand.
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- Jul 2024
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www.propublica.org www.propublica.org
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Trump Media Quietly Enters Deal With a Republican Donor Who Could Benefit From a Second Trump Administration by [[Justin Elliott]], [[Robert Faturechi]] and [[Alex Mierjeski]]
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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UAS-H2B-RFP
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75581-w
Resource: SCR_00645
Curator: @anisehay
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_00645
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BDSC_36360
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00631-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_36360
Curator: @mpairish
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36360
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BDSC 42746
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03714-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_42746
Curator: @anisehay
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42746
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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36323
DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00832-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_36323
Curator: @mpairish
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36323
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BS58899
DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00622-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_58899
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58899
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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8765
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01417-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 8765,RRID:BDSC_8765)
Curator: @anisehay
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_8765
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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UAS-Bsk
DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00318-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @mpairish
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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700
DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00733-w
Resource: BDSC_700
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_700
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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4775
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16123-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 4775,RRID:BDSC_4775)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_4775
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Bloomington
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70185-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BL31383
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55203-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_31383
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_31383
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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41998
DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00143-w
Resource: BDSC_41998
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_41998
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Bloomington
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84534-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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35787
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27192-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 35787,RRID:BDSC_35787)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_35787
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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38363
DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00278-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 38363,RRID:BDSC_38363)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_38363
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Bloomington
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01425-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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54191
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12104-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_54191
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_54191
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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24504
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41178-w
Resource: BDSC_24504
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_24504
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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3041
DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00025-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 3041,RRID:BDSC_3041)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_3041
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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28280
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46455-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 28280,RRID:BDSC_28280)
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_28280
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center for various Drosophila strains
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48137-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @bpowell22
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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1104
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39640-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 1104,RRID:BDSC_1104)
Curator: @anisehay
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_1104
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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32174
DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00062-w
Resource: BDSC_32174
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32174
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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64095
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07328-w
Resource: BDSC_64095
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_64095
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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40972
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47203-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_40972
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_40972
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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BDSC:33068
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48005-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 33068,RRID:BDSC_33068)
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_33068
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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eiger-GFP (66381)
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49786-w
Resource: BDSC_66381
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_66381
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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766 line from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06495-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 766,RRID:BDSC_766)
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_766
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- Jun 2024
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aeon.co aeon.co
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Faszinierender Versuch von Ford Doolittle, die Gaia-Hypothese evolutiontheoretisch zu unterlegen
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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RRID:SCR_01464118
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48833-w
Resource: Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (RRID:SCR_014641)
Curator: @evieth
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_014641
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Bloomington stock center
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01732-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @maulamb
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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(BDSC ID 36304)
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01479-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 36304,RRID:BDSC_36304)
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36304
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(BDSC ID 36303)
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01479-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 36303,RRID:BDSC_36303)
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36303
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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(BDSC: 44782)
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24843-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_44782
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_44782
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(BDSC: 32199)
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24843-w
Resource: RRID:BDSC_32199
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32199
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(BDSC: 41550)
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24843-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 41550,RRID:BDSC_41550)
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_41550
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(BDSC: 42712)
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24843-w
Resource: (BDSC Cat# 42712,RRID:BDSC_42712)
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42712
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Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24843-w
Resource: Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (RRID:SCR_006457)
Curator: @DavidDeutsch
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_006457
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- May 2024
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bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com
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GraphPad Prism
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03980-w
Resource: GraphPad Prism (RRID:SCR_002798)
Curator: @abever99
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_002798
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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34848-JAX
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47996-w
Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 034848-JAX,RRID:MMRRC_034848-JAX)
Curator: @bandrow
SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_034848-JAX
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- Feb 2024
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americanlibrariesmagazine.org americanlibrariesmagazine.org
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Library supply company Highsmith, headquartered in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, has been purchased by Lab Safety Supply, a direct-marketing subsidiary of Chicago-based facilities maintenance supplier W. W. Grainger. Terms of the acquisition, announced in the business press July 10, were not disclosed. Highsmith’s operations, with anticipated sales for 2008 in the range of $20–$30 million, will be integrated with LSS by the end of the year.
Purchased July 2008.
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- Jan 2024
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Local file Local file
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The physicistsStephen Wolfram and Brosl Hasslacher introduced me, in the early1980s, to chaos theory and nonlinear systems. In the 1990s, I learnedabout complex systems from conversations with Danny Hillis, the bi-ologist Stuart Kauffman, the Nobel-laureate physicist Murray Gell-Mann, and others. Most recently, Hasslacher and the electrical engineerand device physicist Mark Reed have been giving me insight into the in-credible possibilities of molecular electronics.
some of Bill Joy's intellectual history here mirrors much of my own...
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the changes would come gradually, and that we would get used to them
gradual change is always the way with evolution...
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Danny is also a highly regarded futurist who thinkslong-term—four years ago he started the Long Now Foundation
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Danny Hillis
I always recommend people to read: Hillis, W. Daniel. The Pattern on the Stone. Revised edition. Science Masters. 1998. Reprint, Basic Books, 2015.
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forum.zettelkasten.de forum.zettelkasten.de
- Dec 2023
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Local file Local file
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Das Bemerkenswerte an dieser Aussage ist, dass sie klar zum Ausdruck bringt, was wir in system-theoretischen Begriffen als Produktion von Komplexität durch Selektion bezeichnen könnten. DerGrundgedanke ist, dass der Zettelkasten, wenn er richtig eingerichtet ist, in der Lage sein muss, vielmehr Komplexität zu erzeugen, als in den Zettelkasten eingeführt worden ist. Das ist eben der Fall,wenn seine Innenstruktur, wie Luhmann (1992a, S. 66) es formuliert hat, „selbständige kombinatori-sche Leistungen“ ermöglicht, so dass das, was der Zettelkasten bei jeder Abfrage mitzuteilen hat, im-mer viel mehr ist, als der Benutzer selbst im Kopf hatte.
machine translation:
The remarkable thing about this statement is that it clearly expresses what we might call, in systems theory terms, the production of complexity by selection. The basic idea is that the Zettelkasten, when set up correctly, must be able to generate much more complexity than was introduced into the Zettelkasten. This is precisely the case if its internal structure, as Luhmann (1992a, p. 66) put it, enables “independent combinatorial performances”, so that what the Zettelkasten has to communicate with each query is always much more than that user himself had in mind.
Perhaps a usable quote to support my own theory, but certainly nothing new to me.
Perhaps some interesting overlap with Ashby's law of requisite variety here? Perhaps an inverse version for creating variety and complexity?
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Not large enough for most index card collections, but you have to love this listing for this photo of a man snuggling up to his card index:
Original photo from their website:
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- Nov 2023
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www.edge.org www.edge.orgEdge.org3
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Ashby's law of requisite variety may also be at play for overloading our system 1 heuristic abilities with respect to misinformation (particularly in high velocity social media settings). Switching context from system 1 to system 2 on a constant basis to fact check everything in our (new digital) immediate environment can be very mentally and emotionally taxing. This can result in both mental exhaustion as well as anxiety.
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It would seem that people who spend too much time online experience more anxiety. Could it be that we've evolved to only be able to manage so many inputs and amounts of variety of those inputs? The experiencing of too much variety in our environments and the resultant anxiety may be a result of the limits of Ross Ashby's law of requisite variety within human systems.
This may also be why chaos machines like Donald Trump are effective at creating anxiety in a populace whose social systems are not designed to handle so many crazy ideas at once.
Implications for measurements of resilience?
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Ashby came up with the concept of variety as a measurement of the number of possible states of a system. His "Law" of Requisite Variety stated that for a system to be stable, the number of states that its control mechanism is capable of attaining (its variety) must be greater than or equal to the number of states in the system being controlled.
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digital.library.illinois.edu digital.library.illinois.edu
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archives.library.illinois.edu archives.library.illinois.edu
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blogs.bard.edu blogs.bard.edu
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The collection represents approximately 4,000 volumes, ephemera and pamphlets that made up the library in Hannah Arendt’s last apartment in New York City. Of particular significance are the 900+ volumes containing marginal notes or lining, endnotes or ephemera, as well as many volumes inscribed to her by Martin Heidegger, Gershom Scholem, W.H. Auden and Randall Jarrell, among others.
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www.loc.gov www.loc.gov
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In December 1998, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation awarded the Library of Congress a grant to support a two-year project to digitize the Hannah Arendt Papers manuscript collection. The staff of the Manuscript Division at the Library administered the project, with assistance from the National Digital Library Program (NDLP) and in cooperation with the New School University in New York City.
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- Oct 2023
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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arguments in favor of these ''objective'' tests: They are easy to grade; uniformity and unmistakable answers imply fairness; one can compare performance over time and gauge the results of programs; the validity of questions is statistically tested and the performance of students is followed up through later years.
Some of the benefits of multiple-choice tests.
Barzun misses the fact that these are not just easy for teachers to grade, but they're easier for mass grading by machines in a century dominated by standardization of knowledge in a world dominated by standardized mechanization for a mass-production oriented society.
Cross reference educational reforms of Eliot following the rise of Taylorism.
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udenver.zoom.us udenver.zoom.us
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Some related ideas that are suggesting some sort of thesis for improving the idea of ungrading: - We measure the things we care about. - In Education, we care about learning and understanding, but measuring these outside of testing and evaluation is difficult at best (therefor ungrading). - No one cares about your GPA six months after you graduate. - Somehow we've tied up evaluations and grades into the toxic capitalism and competition within US culture. Some of this is tied into educational movements related to Frederick Winslow Taylor and Harvards Eliot. - Hierarchies instituted by the Great Chain of Being have confounded our educational process.
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media.proquest.com media.proquest.com
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lived experience of racehas a spatial dimension, and the lived experience of space hasa racial dimension
2 dimensions to the living experience, but what do they mean
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impactof the plan on the economy and residents of the surroundingneighborhoods
Impacts the economy and residents in surrounding neighborhood, but how?
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Speakers addressed issues related tothe history and impact of previous highway construction,
Obviously there was an effect on communities in previous instances, but what are the effects?
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community pushbackto proposals for infrastructural improvements
Do the black communities not want infrastructural improvements in their communities?
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.proquest.com www.proquest.com
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community pushback to proposals for infrastructural improvements
Does the community not want improvements to their community?
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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The narrative technique owes a good deal to W. G. Sebald, who loved to ruminate on strange and troubling episodes from history, blurring the boundary between fact and fiction.
Benjamín Labatut also falls into this genre.
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- Sep 2023
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Spiral Dynamics (SD) is a model of the evolutionary development of individuals, organizations, and societies. It was initially developed by Don Edward Beck and Christopher Cowan based on the emergent cyclical theory of Clare W. Graves, combined with memetics as proposed by Richard Dawkins and further developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_Dynamics
related to ideas I've had with respect to Werner R. Loewenstein?
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
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ou can also disagree by making what we call the “twist it” move, inwhich you agree with the evidence that someone else has presented butshow through a twist of logic that this evidence actually supports your own,contrary position.
Is this like using someone's own words against them?
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ost interesting interpretations tendto be those that agree, disagree, or both
What other ways are they talking about in the paragraph before?
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Still, you may object that these three basic ways of responding don’tcover all the options
I don't really know what they mean by this.
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Local file Local file
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Harl, Kenneth W. The Vikings: Course Guidebook. Vol. 3910. The Great Courses. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, 2005.
Vikings. Streaming Video. Vol. 3910. The Great Courses. Chantilly, VA, 2005. https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/vikings.
annotation URL: urn:x-pdf:e17d7b3a22a4a56be07f2afb64548410<br /> search
Started 2023-09-18
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.eduUntitled5
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Students will be punished by picking up paperor trash and keeping them out of class.
I don't understand this
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Library facilities will be expanded in all East LosAngeles high schools. At present the libraries in thesehigh schools do not meet the educational needs of thestudents. Sufficient library materials will be provided inSpanish.https:/Avww.kcet.org/departures-columns/east-la-blow outs-walking-out-for-justice-in-the-classrooms 11/14
Where did the funding for all these changes come from, it was originally said three weren't fund for anything and now so much is implemented at once.
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y administrators barring doors to theoutside, and helmeted police officerseither jailed or escorted students to theirprincipals. Two student beatings werereported during the March 6 walkout atRoosevelt
How did the protest escalate to this?
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Students will be allowed to have guest speakers toclub meetings. The only regulation should be to informthe club sponsor.
Completely agree, and I wonder why this isn't a normal thing.
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Entrances to all buildings and restrooms should beaccessible to all students during schools hours.
I wonder what the point of this statement is?
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.eduUntitled1
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White elites wholeheartedly supported segregationand disfranchisement but shunned vigilante violence as a threat to social stability.”
Was it just elite whites or all whites
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
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laudatory
I wonder why he is using this adjective after saying that Harlem is dumb and complacent.
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Theyare needed just so far as they arenecessary for the proper education ofthe Negro race.
I wonder what the he means by the proper education of the negro race. Does that mean the same education as the white people.
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
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It was empty, and theywere grown into fat, lazy farm-hands. I saw the home of the Hickmans, but Albert, with hisstooping shoulders, had passed from the world. Then I came to the Burkes’ gate and peeredthrough; the enclosure looked rough and untrimmed, and yet there were the same fences aroundthe old farm save to the left, where lay twenty-five other acres. And lo! the cabin in the hollow hadclimbed the hill and swollen to a half-finished six-room cottage.
It seems like the entire area just isn't the same as it once was. I wonder if it was because of a change in the culture.
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The Lawrences have gone,—father andson forever,—and the other son lazily digs in the earth to live
People are gone, jobs are terrible, I wonder how him leaving made so much of an impact.
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Local file Local fileAeneid1
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Virgil. Aeneid. Translated by Stanley Lombardo. 1st ed. Hackett Classics. 19BC. Reprint, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Co., Inc., 2005. https://www.amazon.com/Aeneid-Hackett-Classics-Virgil/dp/0872207323/.
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List of translations of Virgil's The Aeneid.
Missing older translations including: - James Rhoades (The Great Books) - H. Rushton Fairclough (Harvard Classics) - J. W. Mackail (Modern Library)
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- Jul 2023
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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- Title
- Zen and deep evolution: The optical delusion of separation
- Author
- Fred W. Allendorf
- Date
- 2018
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Source
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Abstract
- The Buddha taught that everything is connected and constantly changing.
- These fundamental observations of the world are shared by ecology and evolution.
- We are living in a time of unprecedented rates of extinction.
- Science provides us with the information that we need to address this extinction crisis.
- However, the problems underlying extinction generally do not result from a lack of scientific understanding, -but they rather result from an unwillingness to take the needed action.
- I present mindfulness and meditative aspects of Zen practice
- that provide the deeper “knowing,” or awareness that we need to inspire action on these problems.
- Title
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- Jun 2023
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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There’s no evidence ofdisputes requiring intervention by mediators or arbitrators, and reading all the edits gives a verygood idea of what all the rumpus over the years has been about.
This quote and example enhanced my understanding and views of Wikipedia. I'm happy the article included Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's wikipedia page for reference because by telling me that it has been revised 607 times and there is no evidence of anything rude, or inaccurate makes me trust wikipedia and the volunteers a lot more. I attached the history list of Daniel Goldhagen. as further proof
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- May 2023
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httptoolkit.com httptoolkit.com
- Apr 2023
- Mar 2023
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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At present I am using index cards as to index the books (and documents saved on the computer).
u/zleonska in discussing their paper notebook commonplace practice reports that finding their material within multiple notebooks isn't difficult but that, like W. Ross Ashby, they use index cards to index their commonplaces.
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patentimages.storage.googleapis.com patentimages.storage.googleapis.com
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H. W. ONSTEDMEMORANDUM FILE,APPLICATION FED MAR. 10, 1915,1,196,269. Patented Aug. 29, 1916,Y: NIIWax SavassasZ INVENTOR 7Zez-?ezz W. OZZzzsaeafuis ATTORNEYS
https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9c/1b/c4/42ee9bd28aae7d/US1196269.pdf
https://patents.google.com/patent/US1196269A/en?assignee=memindex&oq=memindex
Patent for Memex, but not for the original system.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Arch Wilkinson Shaw<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Wilkinson_Shaw
- Founder of Shaw-Walker with Louis C. Walker,
- publisher of System: The Magazine of Business which was sold to McGraw-Hill Company in 1927/8 and renamed Business Week which was later renamed Bloomberg Business Week.
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W.K.Kellogg,President ofthe ToastedCornFlakeCompanyandalliedBattleCreekinterestsusing 640 drawers,says:"Ourbusiness involvesthehandling ofavastamountofdetail.Thedaily mailsometimescontainsthousandsofletters.IdonotknowhowallthesedetailscouldpossiblyhavebeenhandledwithoutShaw-WalkerSystems.
In the December 1906 issue of System, a magazine which would eventually become Bloomberg Business Week), W. K. Kellogg, the President of the Toasted Corn Flake Company is quoted touting the invaluable nature of the Shaw-Walker filing system at a time when his company was using 640 drawers of their system.
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catalog.hathitrust.org catalog.hathitrust.org
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https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100006275<br /> System: The Magazine of Business Published: Shaw-Walker Co., [1900]-1927. Muskegon, Mich.
Later Business Week and then Bloomberg Business Week
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www.rossashby.info www.rossashby.info
- Feb 2023
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n tuần qua,
ss
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www.britannica.com www.britannica.com
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The prefrontal leukotomy procedure developed by Moniz and Lima was modified in 1936 by American neurologists Walter J. Freeman II and James W. Watts. Freeman preferred the use of the term lobotomy and therefore renamed the procedure “prefrontal lobotomy.” The American team soon developed the Freeman-Watts standard lobotomy, which laid out an exact protocol for how a leukotome (in this case, a spatula) was to be inserted and manipulated during the surgery. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now lobotomyThe use of lobotomy in the United States was resisted and criticized heavily by American neurosurgeons. However, because Freeman managed to promote the success of the surgery through the media, lobotomy became touted as a miracle procedure, capturing the attention of the public and leading to an overwhelming demand for the operation. In 1945 Freeman streamlined the procedure, replacing it with transorbital lobotomy, in which a picklike instrument was forced through the back of the eye sockets to pierce the thin bone that separates the eye sockets from the frontal lobes. The pick’s point was then inserted into the frontal lobe and used to sever connections in the brain (presumably between the prefrontal cortex and thalamus). In 1946 Freeman performed this procedure for the first time on a patient, who was subdued prior to the operation with electroshock treatment.The transorbital lobotomy procedure, which Freeman performed very quickly, sometimes in less than 10 minutes, was used on many patients with relatively minor mental disorders that Freeman believed did not warrant traditional lobotomy surgery, in which the skull itself was opened. A large proportion of such lobotomized patients exhibited reduced tension or agitation, but many also showed other effects, such as apathy, passivity, lack of initiative, poor ability to concentrate, and a generally decreased depth and intensity of their emotional response to life. Some died as a result of the procedure. However, those effects were not widely reported in the 1940s, and at that time the long-term effects were largely unknown. Because the procedure met with seemingly widespread success, Moniz was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (along with Swiss physiologist Walter Rudolf Hess). Lobotomies were performed on a wide scale during the 1940s; Freeman himself performed or supervised more than 3,500 lobotomies by the late 1960s. The practice gradually fell out of favour beginning in the mid-1950s, when antipsychotics, antidepressants, and other medications that were much more effective in treating and alleviating the distress of mentally disturbed patients came into use. Today lobotomy is rarely performed; however, shock therapy and psychosurgery (the surgical removal of specific regions of the brain) occasionally are used to treat patients whose symptoms have resisted all other treatments.
Walter Freeman's barbaric obsession and fervent practice of the miracle cure for mental illness that is the "transorbital lobotomy"
Tags
- Walter Freeman
- 1950s
- 20th Century Medicine
- Electroshock
- 1940s
- Nobel Prize
- Walter Rudolf Hess
- António Egas Moniz
- mental illness
- Shock Therapy
- Prefontal Lobotomy
- Lobotomy
- leukotome
- Walter J. Freeman II
- Neurosurgery
- Brain Surgery
- 20th Century Neuroscience
- psychosurgery
- neurology
- James W. Watts
Annotators
URL
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www.thecrimson.com www.thecrimson.com
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https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/2/2/donovan-forced-leave-hks/
This is a massive loss for HKS, but a potential major win for the school that picks the project up.
It seems to be a sad use of "rules" to shut down a project which may not jive with an administrations' perspective/needs.
Read on Fri 2023-02-03 at 7:14 PM
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- Jan 2023
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s3.amazonaws.com s3.amazonaws.com
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/plan9-bell-labs/7thEdMan/index.html<br /> Unix Seventh Edition Manual
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Brandon Rhodes</span> in Semantic Linefeeds (<time class='dt-published'>12/27/2022 11:35:19</time>)</cite></small>
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rhodesmill.org rhodesmill.org
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Hints for Preparing Documents Most documents go through several versions (always more than you expected) before they are finally finished. Accordingly, you should do whatever possible to make the job of changing them easy. First, when you do the purely mechanical operations of typing, type so subsequent editing will be easy. Start each sentence on a new line. Make lines short, and break lines at natural places, such as after commas and semicolons, rather than randomly. Since most people change documents by rewriting phrases and adding, deleting and rearranging sentences, these precautions simplify any editing you have to do later. — Brian W. Kernighan, 1974
—Brian W. Kernighan, 1974 “UNIX for Beginners” [PDF] as Bell Labs Technical Memorandum 74-1273-18 on 29 October 1974.
For easier editing and reuse of sentences, or even portions of lines of text, one can (and should) write sentences or sentence fragments on their own lines in digital contexts.
This way future edits or the ability to more easily cut and paste will far easier in addition to keeping your version control files simpler and easier to read and visually track your changes. (That is in many version control systems, instead of a change appearing to affect an entire paragraph, it will only show on the single line that was changed thereby making the change easier to see.)
This particular affordance may be a particularly useful one for note takers who expect to regularly reuse their notes in other contexts. Many forms of software (including Tex, LaTeX, and even markdown) will autowrap newlines so that a sentence broken up into clauses on multiple lines will properly wrap back into a proper looking single line when printed. Take care that in many Markdown versions adding two spaces at the end of a line will automatically create a newline in your text.
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- Dec 2022
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www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8Xaw72ESdA
According to researcher Danny Hatcher, the "Feynman Technique" was coined by Scott H. Young in the August 22, 2011 YouTube video Learn Faster with The Feynman Technique and the subsequent 2022-09-01 article Learn Faster with Feynman Technique, ostensibly in a summarization of Gleick, James (1992). Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-679-40836-3. OCLC 243743850.
The frequently quoted Einstein that accompanies many instances of the Feynman Technique is also wrong and not said by Einstein.
The root Einstein quote, is apparently as follows:
that all physical theories, their mathematical expressions apart ought to lend themselves to so simple a description 'that even a child could understand them.' —Ronald W. Clark, p418 of Einstein: His Life and Times (1972)
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- Nov 2022
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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danallosso.substack.com danallosso.substack.com
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- Oct 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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One of W.G. Sebald’s masterpieces, The Rings of Saturn, an indescribable blend of fact and fiction, contains a section about one of his academic colleagues whose office was piled high with notes about Gustav Flaubert.
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social.ayjay.org social.ayjay.org
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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this is not to say that our inner life has some kind of a second grade um existence conventional reality is not 00:25:14 second level reality um because as the guardian and chandra kirti also emphasized we must remember that conventional reality dependent 00:25:26 origination is exactly the same as emptiness which is ultimate reality the only kind of reality anything that we ever encounter is going to have is conventional reality so when i'm talking 00:25:38 here about cognitive illusion i'm not arguing that the existence of our interstates um is illusory i'm arguing that the illusion is that we have immediate access to them as they are and 00:25:51 that their mode of existence um is um intrinsic existence so this allows us to understand the majority analysis of the most fundamental cognitive illusion 00:26:04 of all the illusion of the immediacy of our knowledge of our own minds and the givenness of our own interstates and processes our direct knowledge of them as the kinds of things they are independent of 00:26:18 any concepts that's the illusion that wittgenstein quine and sellers each in there worked so hard in the 20th century to diagnose and to cure but we can put this just as easily and maybe more 00:26:31 easily in the terms of second century indian madhyamaka the fundamental cognitive illusion is to take our mental states to exist intrinsically rather than conventionally and to take our knowledge of them to be 00:26:45 immediate independent of conventions this illusion is pervasive it is instinctive and it is profoundly self-alienating because it obscures the deeply conventional character of our own 00:26:57 existence and of our self-knowledge and this illusion is what according to buddhist philosophers lies at the root of our grasping of our attraction and diversion and hence at the root of the 00:27:09 pervasive suffering of existence
This fundamental illusion of immediacy lay at the root of our ignorance in the world. We mistaken our mental states to exist intrinsically instead of conventionally. We don't think they depend on language, but they do, in a very deep way.
From a Deep Humanity perspective, even our instantly arisen mental states are part of the symbolosphere..mediated by the years of language conditioning of our culture.
!- critical insight of : Buddhist philosophy - we take our mental states to exist intrinsically rather than conventionally - this illusion is pervasive, instinctive and profoundly self-alienating and lay at the root of all suffering Our language symbols are our model through which we interpret reality. We inhabit the symbolosphere but we mistaken it for intrinsic reality.
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- Sep 2022
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wniedoczasie.pl wniedoczasie.pl
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Artykuł na temat mediów społecznościowych wykorzystywanych przez instytucje kultury i organizacje pozarządowe; o ich roli, charakterze i sposobie podejścia do pracy z treściami tam publikowanych.
Dwoma podstawowymi rolami mediów społecznościowych są: - przekazywanie treści, - budowanie społeczności.
Dlatego istotnym elementem jest komunikacja z publicznością, do tego tak, często, jak często wymaga tego dane zagadnienie, a także bez zbędnego dystansu (zwracamy się "na ty"), czyli z naciskiem na społecznościowy charakter.
Zatem rozmawiamy z ludźmi, jesteśmy blisko nich, tworzymy z nimi przyjazną przestrzeń do wspólnej dyskusji.
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Unfortunately, many graduate and professional students rely onreading strategies taught in high school or college for their academicwork. One example is taking notes only during lectures andhighlighting passages of academic texts
It seems broadly true in the new millennium and potentially much earlier that students are not taught broader reading strategies within academic settings. The history of note taking strategies and teaching would indicate that this wasn't always true.
In prior centuries there was more focus in earlier education on grounding in the trivium and quadrivium including rhetoric. These pieces and their fundamentals are now either glossed over or skipped altogether to focus more training on what might be considered more difficult and more important material. It would seem that educational reforms from the late 1500s shifted the focus on some of these prior norms to focus on other materials, and in particular reforms in the early 1900s (Charles William Eliot , et al) which focused on training a workforce for a more industrialized and capitalistic society weaned many of these methods out of earlier curricula. This results in students dramatically under-prepared for doctoral research, analysis, and writing.
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
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From thissmall beginning we have grown until now the Instituteowns two thousand acres of land, eight hundred of whichare cultivated each year by the young men of the school.
It's interesting that these students work communal land owned by the school while Washington continues to express the importance of bending tot he will of a capitalist system.
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And just the same with theprofessional class which the race needs and must have, Iwould say give the men and women of that class, too, thetraining which will best t them to perform in the mostsuccessful manner the service which the race demands
Is he saying that black people still need a professional class, but should go through the same mental training first as anybody who is in the working class too?
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these things, upon their elementaryside are absolutely vital to the worth and success ofhundreds of thousands of these people of theNegro race, and yet our whole educational systemhas practically ignored them.
Doesn't this contradict what Washington just said on the previous page about not needing to teach or train in the subject of agriculture?
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I have not emphasized particularly in these pages thegreat need of training the Negro in agriculture, but Ibelieve that this branch of industrial education does needvery great emphasis.
Why do they not need training in agriculture? Does he think this because their family members/ancestors may have taught them training in agriculture already? If so, I feel as though that might not be the case.
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Not only do the students receive instruction in thesetrades, but they do actual work, by means of which morethan half of them pay some part or all of their expenseswhile remaining at the school.
Why don't more schools apply this technique? I feel as though students learn best when they are instructed and then can apply that instruction to real world situations.
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We began teaching wheelwrighting and blacksmithing ina small way to the men, and laundry work, cooking andsewing and housekeeping to the young women.
Why are the domestic classes only offered to the women? I feel as though men and women could have benefitted from all of the classes the Institute had to offer, not just the ones that matched the stereotypical gender roles.
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these things, upon their elementaryside are absolutely vital to the worth and success ofhundreds of thousands of these people of theNegro race, and yet our whole educational systemhas practically ignored them.
I wonder what the author means by this. The black race needs to know how agriculture works in order to have worth and success in the current world? The education system of the universities described above include agriculture therefore it is not being ignored.
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mental, moral and industrialeducation
Could this be considered a liberal arts education? It is an education pulling from various categories that could make for a well-rounded person.
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side from the economicvalue of this work I cannot but believe, and myobservation con rms me in my belief, that as wecontinue to place Negro men and women of intelligence,religion, modesty, conscience and skill
I wonder how many lives were completely changed and positively impacted by these programs.
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service which the race demands.
I am confused by what Washington means when he says "the service which the race demands." Is he encouraging the stereotypical jobs for each race?
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I wasamazed to nd that it was almost impossible to nd inthe whole country an educated colored man who couldteach the making of clothing.
Would that be because they were escaping the labor once forced upon their ancestors? Do those of color believe they have to do more than what their ancestors did in order to make up for what they were not allowed to do?
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hefourteen hundred and over young men and women whoattended the school during the last school year receivedinstruction — in addition to academic and religioustraining — in thirty–three trades and industries
I wonder if there were women instructors for the classes dedicated to women's gender roles such as dressmaking or if males taught all the classes?
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Many a mother andsister have worked and slaved, living upon scantyfood, in order to give a son and brother a ’liberaleducation,’
Why can't the sister and the brother both have an education?
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As a generation began to pass,those who had been trained as mechanics in slaverybegan to disappear by death, and gradually it began to berealized that there were few to take their places.
I wonder if when this happened, Southern white men regretted their actions? They forced African Americans into accomplishing their physical labor instead of learning to do so themselves, so when slavery was abolished, there were few left to run the work on the plantations (many slaves left as their first act of freedom and the Southern white men didn't know how to do the work themselves).
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As a generation began to pass,those who had been trained as mechanics in slaverybegan to disappear by death, and gradually it began to berealized that there were few to take their places.
I wonder why there were few people to replace those in the workplace that had passed away. Were they trained on just one skill instead of multiple leaving them with just one job focus?
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In all these works theNegro did most of the heavy work.
I wonder why the white men did not help during this process. Slavery had ended but the black men were still the ones doing all of the hard labor work.
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young colored men andwomen were constantly being trained not only as farmersbut as carpenters, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, brickmasons, engineers, cooks, laundresses, sewing womenand housekeepers
I wonder if my previous inference was right or if the slaveowners did in fact train their slaves for certain jobs.
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If, in too many cases, the Negro race begandevelopment at the wrong end, it was largely becauseneither white nor black properly understood the case.
I wonder why in the forty years since slaves were freed nobody was able to understand or figure out how to properly begin development? Was it because the white race was used to being free while other races were not?
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edusomeTitle13
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every year there is asession of school.
A singular session of school? Not week after week of school?
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there swept over me a suddenlonging to pass again beyond the blue hill, and to see the homes and the school of other days, andto learn how life had gone with my school-children
If Du Bois longs for his little school, then why did he leave? Was it unsuccessful because the children had to work?
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lexandria was “town,”—astraggling, lazy village of houses, churches, and shops, and an aristocracy of Toms, Dicks, andCaptains.
I wonder why town is put in quotations? Could it be because it isn't truly town if people of color felt unwelcome there?
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how“mean” some of the white folks were.
I wonder why Du Bois put mean in quotation marks? Is it to emphasize that their discrimination and racism was much worse than mean, but that the statement is coming from an innocent child?
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The father was a quiet, simple soul, calmly ignorant, with no touch of vulgarity. The mother wasdifferent,—strong, bustling, and energetic, with a quick, restless tongue, and an ambition to live“like folks.”
Would this be considered a reversal in gender roles during the time?
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“mean”
this makes me question the author, were they not mean or is this a term used in place of another
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slow girl,
I wonder if the author meant this in a degrading way.
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one half-witted girl.
I wonder why the author described one girl out of the whole community as being half witted.
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Josie was dead
I wonder what caused Josie to pass away. Was it sickness?
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these were the years that passed after I left my little school.
I wonder what made the author leave the little school and small country town.
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The mass of those to whom slavery was a dim recollection of childhood found theworld a puzzling thing: it asked little of them, and they answered with little, and yet it ridiculedtheir offering
I wonder how many slaves continued working for white men after they were freed from slavery because that's what they had always been used to.
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how“mean” some of the white folks were.
I wonder why the author put mean in quotation marks. Discrimination and racism was present during this time so it wouldn't be uncommon for them to be mean.
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There came a day when all the teachers left the Institute and began the hunt for schools.
When the teachers left the Institute to hunt for schools were they officially qualified teachers?
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moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
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Through the pressure of the money-makers,the Negro is in danger of being reduced to semi-slavery, especially inthe country districts
Could this be due to Washington's emphasis on industrial education, preparing African Americans to do gritty physical labor in the country?
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The growing spiritof kindliness and reconciliation between the North and South after thefrightful difference of a generation ago ought to be a source of deep con-gratulation to all,
Is a big part of this reconciliation between the North and South Washington's doing with the "Atlanta Compromise"?
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Mr. Washington’s programme practicallyaccepts the alleged inferiority of the Negro races
Does Washington do this because he knows it is not the right time to fight for civil and political rights with so many changes regarding race already happening?
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more advanced races are comingin closer contact with the less developed races, and the race-feelingis therefore intensified
Was this new close contact between different races a contributor to the racism and prejudice that would soon intensify?
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If history and reason give any distinct answer tothese questions, it is an emphatic No. And Mr. Washington thus facesthe triple paradox of his career
I wonder how Washington even came up with this idea after never haven seen it work successfully in the history of the world.
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Afterthe war and emancipation, the great form of Frederick Douglass, thegreatest of American Negro leaders, still led the host.
When and how did the switch from Douglass as a leader to Washington occur?
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Mr. Washington has encounteredthe strongest and most lasting opposition, amounting at times to bit-terness, and even today continuing strong and insistent even thoughlargely silenced in outward expression
Is Washington now not getting "feedback" or getting his own people to agree with him now?
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what can be more instructive thanthe leadership of a group within a group?
Does this mean conversation between leaders and followers?
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Among his own people, however, Mr. Washington has encounteredthe strongest and most lasting opposition
I wonder if this is because African Americans wanted to push for more civil and political rights, but Washington encouraged them not to for the time being?
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To-day he standsas the one recognized spokesman of his ten million fellows, and one of themost notable figures in a nation of seventy millions
I wonder how Washington's voice was able to stand out among thousands of others and gain such a large audience?
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relentless color-prejudice is more often a cause than a result of the Ne-gro’s degradation
Self inflicted?
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submission and silence as to civil and political rights
Did Washington believe that African Americans should not push for their civil and political rights? Was this because he believed so much change was occurring already with abolition that it would be too much to push for more for the time being?
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Mr. Washington has encounteredthe strongest and most lasting opposition, amounting at times to bit-terness, and even today continuing strong and insistent even thoughlargely silenced in outward expression by the public opinion of thenation.
I wonder why he faced opposition by his own people, did he go about it in a way that would only benefit some maybe?
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- Aug 2022
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Dow, Earle Wilbur. Principles of a Note-System for Historical Studies. Century Company, 1924.
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Posted byu/hog8541ss2 days agoUsing Notebooks With Your Antinet. .t3_wvn38a._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; } How are you guys using notebooks along with your Antinet? What uses do you still find feasible for using them?
reply to: https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/wvn38a/using_notebooks_with_your_antinet/
Ross Ashby, a systems theorist like Luhmann, had a sophisticated hybrid notebook/index card system that some here might find an interesting and usable model, particularly if they're enamored of the notebook format. It's been digitized and is online for perusal: http://www.rossashby.info/
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Useful suggestions in regard tonote-taking will be found in Samuel S . Seward, Note-taking,Boston, 1910; and, especially for more advanced students, inEarle W. DOW, Principles of a note-system for hirton’calstudies, New York, 1924
He's read Langlois/Seignobos and Bernheim, but doesn't recommend/reference them for note taking, but points to Seward and Dow instead.
What are the differences between the four methods?
Note that this advice is in 1931, a few years after Beatrice Webb's My Apprentice which has a section on note taking that prefers the first two without mention of the latter two.
It would appear that Seward is the brother of William Henry Seward. see: https://hypothes.is/a/MwspfCBOEe2YCpesAgwiGQ
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www.ischool.berkeley.edu www.ischool.berkeley.edu
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Historical Hypermedia: An Alternative History of the Semantic Web and Web 2.0 and Implications for e-Research. .mp3. Berkeley School of Information Regents’ Lecture. UC Berkeley School of Information, 2010. https://archive.org/details/podcast_uc-berkeley-school-informat_historical-hypermedia-an-alte_1000088371512. archive.org.
https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/audio/2010-10-20-vandenheuvel_0.mp3
Interface as Thing - book on Paul Otlet (not released, though he said he was working on it)
- W. Boyd Rayward 1994 expert on Otlet
- Otlet on annotation, visualization, of text
- TBL married internet and hypertext (ideas have sex)
- V. Bush As We May Think - crosslinks between microfilms, not in a computer context
- Ted Nelson 1965, hypermedia
t=540
- Michael Buckland book about machine developed by Emanuel Goldberg antecedent to memex
- Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine: Information, Invention, and Political Forces (New Directions in Information Management) by Michael Buckland (Libraries Unlimited, (March 31, 2006)
- Otlet and Goldsmith were precursors as well
four figures in his research: - Patrick Gattis - biologist, architect, diagrams of knowledge, metaphorical use of architecture; classification - Paul Otlet, Brussels born - Wilhelm Ostwalt - nobel prize in chemistry - Otto Neurath, philosophher, designer of isotype
Paul Otlet
- wrote bibliography on law
- book: Something on Bibliography #wanttoread
- universal decimal classification system
- mundaneum
- Le Corbusier - architect worked with Otlet for building for Mundaneum; See: https://socks-studio.com/2019/05/05/the-shape-of-knowledge-the-mundaneum-by-paul-otlet-and-henri-la-fontaine/
Otlet was interested in both the physical as well as the intangible aspects of the Mundaneum including as an idea, an institution, method, body of work, building, and as a network.<br /> (#t=1020)
Early iPhone diagram?!?
(roughly) armchair to do the things in the web of life (Nelson quote) (get full quote and source for use) (circa 19:30)
compares Otlet to TBL
Michael Buckland 1991 <s>internet of things</s> coinage - did I hear this correctly? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things lists different coinages
Turns out it was "information as thing"<br /> See: https://hypothes.is/a/kXIjaBaOEe2MEi8Fav6QsA
sugane brierre and otlet<br /> "everything can be in a document"<br /> importance of evidence
The idea of evidence implies a passiveness. For evidence to be useful then, one has to actively do something with it, use it for comparison or analysis with other facts, knowledge, or evidence for it to become useful.
transformation of sound into writing<br /> movement of pieces at will to create a new combination of facts - combinatorial creativity idea here. (circa 27:30 and again at 29:00)<br /> not just efficiency but improvement and purification of humanity
put things on system cards and put them into new orders<br /> breaking things down into smaller pieces, whether books or index cards....
Otlet doesn't use the word interfaces, but makes these with language and annotations that existed at the time. (32:00)
Otlet created diagrams and images to expand his ideas
Otlet used octagonal index cards to create extra edges to connect them together by topic. This created more complex trees of knowledge beyond the four sides of standard index cards. (diagram referenced, but not contained in the lecture)
Otlet is interested in the "materialization of knowledge": how to transfer idea into an object. (How does this related to mnemonic devices for daily use? How does it relate to broader material culture?)
Otlet inspired by work of Herbert Spencer
space an time are forms of thought, I hold myself that they are forms of things. (get full quote and source) from spencer influence of Plato's forms here?
Otlet visualization of information (38:20)
S. R. Ranganathan may have had these ideas about visualization too
atomization of knowledge; atomist approach 19th century examples:S. R. Ranganathan, Wilson, Otlet, Richardson, (atomic notes are NOT new either...) (39:40)
Otlet creates interfaces to the world - time with cyclic representation - space - moving cube along time and space axes as well as levels of detail - comparison to Ted Nelson and zoomable screens even though Ted Nelson didn't have screens, but simulated them in paper - globes
Katie Berner - semantic web; claims that reporting a scholarly result won't be a paper, but a nugget of information that links to other portions of the network of knowledge.<br /> (so not just one's own system, but the global commons system)
Mention of Open Annotation (Consortium) Collaboration:<br /> - Jane Hunter, University of Australia Brisbane & Queensland<br /> - Tim Cole, University of Urbana Champaign<br /> - Herbert Van de Sompel, Los Alamos National Laboratory annotations of various media<br /> see:<br /> - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311366469_The_Open_Annotation_Collaboration_A_Data_Model_to_Support_Sharing_and_Interoperability_of_Scholarly_Annotations - http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/20130205/index.html - http://www.openannotation.org/PhaseIII_Team.html
trust must be put into the system for it to work
coloration of the provenance of links goes back to Otlet (~52:00)
Creativity is the friction of the attention space at the moments when the structural blocks are grinding against one another the hardest. —Randall Collins (1998) The sociology of philosophers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (p.76)
Tags
- Paul Otlet
- Tim Berners-Lee
- atomist philosophy
- Hypothes.is
- Universal Decimal Classification
- octagonal index cards
- idea links
- Otto Neurath
- index cards
- material culture
- Emanuel Goldberg
- Le Corbusier
- semantic web
- Mundaneum
- materialization of knowledge
- atomic notes
- Ted Nelson
- Michael Buckland
- W. Boyd Rayward
- Web 2.0
- evidence
- Tim Cole
- memex
- Charles van den Heuvel
- Randall Collins
- Wilhelm Ostwalt
- mnemonic devices
- Jane Hunter
- Open Annotation Collaboration
- S. R. Ranganathan
- listen
- atomic ideas
- Vannevar Bush
- Herbert Van de Sompel
- references
- Herbert Spencer
- hypermedia
Annotators
URL
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- Jul 2022
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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AuthorW.H. Auden demystified both literature and criticismwhen he said, “Here is a verbal contraption. How doesit work?”
Auden himself kept a commomplace book of his own notes which was published as A Certain World: A Commonplace Book #, so we can read some of his notes! :)
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niklas-luhmann-archiv.de niklas-luhmann-archiv.de
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https://niklas-luhmann-archiv.de/bestand/zettelkasten/zettel/ZK_2_SW1_001_V
One may notice that Niklas Luhmann's index within his zettelkasten is fantastically sparce. By this we might look at the index entry for "system" which links to only one card. For someone who spent a large portion of his life researching systems theory, this may seem fantastically bizarre.
However, it's not as as odd as one may think given the structure of his particular zettelkasten. The single reference gives an initial foothold into his slip box where shuffling through cards beyond that idea will reveal a number of cards closely related to the topic which subsequently follow it. Regular use and work with the system would have allowed Luhmann better memory with respect to its contents and the searching through threads of thought would have potentially sparked new ideas and threads. Thus he didn't need to spend the time and effort to highly index each individual card, he just needed a starting place and could follow the links from there. This tends to minimize the indexing work he needed to do regularly, but simultaneously makes it harder for the modern person who may wish to read or consult those notes.
Some of the difference here is the idea of top-down versus bottom-up construction. While thousands of his cards may have been tagged as "systems" or "systems theory", over time and with increased scale they would have become nearly useless as a construct. Instead, one may consider increasing levels of sub-topics, but these too may be generally useless with respect to (manual) search, so the better option is to only look at the smallest level of link (and/or their titles) which is only likely to link to 3-4 other locations outside of the card just before it. This greater specificity scales better over time on the part of the individual user who is broadly familiar with the system.
Alternatively, for those in shared digital spaces who may maintain public facing (potentially shared) notes (zettelkasten), such sparse indices may not be as functional for the readers of such notes. New readers entering such material generally without context, will feel lost or befuddled that they may need to read hundreds of cards to find and explore the sorts of ideas they're actively looking for. In these cases, more extensive indices, digital search, and improved user interfaces may be required to help new readers find their way into the corpus of another's notes.
Another related idea to that of digital, public, shared notes, is shared taxonomies. What sorts of word or words would one want to search for broadly to find the appropriate places? Certainly widely used systems like the Dewey Decimal System or the Universal Decimal Classification may be helpful for broadly crosslinking across systems, but this will take an additional level of work on the individual publishers.
Is or isn't it worthwhile to do this in practice? Is this make-work? Perhaps not in analog spaces, but what about the affordances in digital spaces which are generally more easily searched as a corpus.
As an experiment, attempt to explore Luhmann's Zettelkasten via an entryway into the index. Compare and contrast this with Andy Matuschak's notes which have some clever cross linking UI at the bottoms of the notes, but which are missing simple search functionality and have no tagging/indexing at all. Similarly look at W. Ross Ashby's system (both analog and digitized) and explore the different affordances of these two which are separately designed structures---the analog by Ashby himself, but the digital one by an institution after his death.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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he distinguishes three dimensions of dependent origination and this is in his commentary on the guardian of malama jamaica carica called clear words he talks about causal dependence that is every phenomenon depends upon causes and 00:16:19 conditions and gives rise to further causes and conditions um myriological dependence that is every phenomenon every composite phenomenon depends upon the parts that uh that it 00:16:31 comprises and every phenomenon is also dependent upon the holes or the systems in which it figures parts depend on holes holes depend on parts and that reciprocal meteorological dependence 00:16:44 characterizes all of reality and third often overlooked but most important is dependence on conceptual imputation that is things depend in order to be represented as the kinds of 00:16:57 things they are on our conceptual resources our affective resources and as john dunn emphasized our purposes in life this third one really means this um 00:17:09 everything that shows up for us in the world the way we carve the world up the way we um the way we experience the world is dependent not just on how the world is but on the conceptual resources 00:17:22 as well as the perceptual resources through which we understand the world and it's worth recognizing that um when we think about this there are a bunch of um contemporary majamakers majamikas we 00:17:34 might point to as well and so paul fireauben who's up there on on the left well really an austrian but he spent much of his life in america um willard van norman kwine um up on the right wilford sellers and paul churchland
This is a key statement: how we experience the world depends on the perceptual and cognitive lens used to filter the world through.
Francis Heylighen proposes a nondual system based on causal dependency relationships to serve as the foundation for distributed cognition.(collective intelligence).
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- Jun 2022
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www.sas.ac.uk www.sas.ac.uk
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The course Marginalia in Books from Christopher Ohge is just crying out to have an annotated syllabus.
Wish I could follow along directly, but there's some excellent reference material hiding in the brief outline of the course.
Perhaps a list of interesting people here too for speaking at https://iannotate.org/ 2022 hiding in here? A session on the history of annotation and marginalia could be cool there.
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Matthew Fay (Institute of English Studies, University of London)
Online
Short Bio
Over the years, Matthew has turned his hand to several disciplines, from high school teaching to theatre directing, before taking the MA in the History of the Book at London University. He is now undertaking research for a PhD on an archive formed by his great-grandfather, Frank Fay (1870-1930), an Irish actor and producer, who collaborated with W. B. Yeats and Lady Gregory on the plays that were performed at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin. Matthew is interested in the provenance of books and theatre history.
Bibliography
- Thesis: ‘The Fay Archive: Towards a Checklist and Copy-specific Analysis of Key Research Items by W. B. Yeats, J. M. Synge and Lady Gregory.’ (in progress)
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