The Zika epidemic has given Brazil a unique opportunity to look at inequality and reproductive rights, and to change how the country treats women.
The author presents a problem that Brazil government’s action against Zika virus. She criticizes their short-range policy which urges women not to fall pregnant without providing any education or information about birth control methods.
The women at greatest risk of contracting Zika live in places where the mosquito is part of their everyday lives, where mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya were already endemic. They live in substandard, crowded housing in neighborhoods where stagnant water, the breeding ground for disease-carrying mosquitoes, is everywhere. These women can’t avoid bites: They need to be outdoors from dawn until dusk to work, shop and take care of their children. And they are the same women who have the least access to sexual and reproductive health care.
Brazil is one of the countries which have worst gap between the rich and the poor in the world. The author claims that Zika virus is a key indicator about social inequality of Brazil. Young, poor, black and brown women who live close to slum area are exposed to great danger of Zika. Also, they have fewer opportunities to access to sexual and reproductive health care. It is heart-breaking to me that the women who live in underprivileged backgrounds are also troubled with the epidemic. Brazil government should prepare measures not only focus on focuses on Zika, but also resolve social inequality in a long-term policy.
My friends who are planning to have children soon are worried about Zika. But they don’t need to be too concerned. In our well-to-do neighborhood in Brasília, the capital, there has not been a single case of a baby with the birth defects associated with the Zika epidemic. As far as I know, not one woman here has even been infected by the virus.
It is a very interesting fact that the affluent area in Brazil is perfectly safe from Zika virus, but the author does not give any evidence about it. It lacks of audience appeals and she should reinforce her rhetorical strategies by developing logos. She just relies on her ethos at this point. Although the topic is Zika virus and Brazilian women’s right to choose, she has the Brazil Olympics 2016 in mind and indirectly promotes that Brasilia which is the capital of Brazil is not dangerous at all.
I am a Brazilian woman.
What authority the author speaks is her ethos. She can observe current Zika virus problem in the immediate vicinity, Brazil. So, she looks deeper into the problem with a different perspective than other authors. The audience may think her article is more credible than others because of her nationality, Brazilian.
This conclusion comes with the caveat that further study is needed to determine whether this pattern appears consistently in other studies, or whether it is merely an artifact of this particular sample.
In my opinion, I find this to be a good audience appeal. Although, some might say this information discredits the ethos of the study, I believe it helps in showing that more information is needed to find out clearer results. The authors establish ethos by showing that this subject needs more study to further understand its results. The fact that they want to further their research and keep looking into the subject is great and shows their true interest in the subject.
One possible conclusion that we might draw from this is that increased engagement in public discourse might be associated with some emerging consensus on the reality of anthropogenic climate change, but not on the policy debates regarding what should be done about it.
Interesting perspective. Although people might engage in conversation about climate change the real debate needs to be on policy implementation to help change the problem, not on the problem itself.
The Public and Its Climate: Exploring the Relationship Between Public Discourse and Opinion on Global Warming
Shreck, Brian, and Arnold Vedlitz. "The Public And Its Climate: Exploring The Relationship Between Public Discourse And Opinion On Global Warming." Society & Natural Resources 29.5 (2016): 509-524. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Mar. 2016.
Within Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal, Shreck and Vedlitz claim that there appears to be a positive association between people engaging in conversation about climate change and the strong belief that climate change actually exists. They go on to further state that this conversation about climate change is occurring on both sides of the debate spectrum, which later will force both sides to address the issue.
Brian Shrecka* & Arnold Vedlitz
Brian Shreck is a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the National Wind Institute. He focuses his area of study specifically on wind energy and public policy. I see him as being highly qualified as he is at Texas Tech University as a Postdoctoral Research Scholar. He obviously has credibility on the subject of climate change and how it is being addressed throughout society. http://perg-tamu.com/people/brian-shreck
Furthermore, Shreck's co author Arnold Vedlitz is obviously just as qualified as him, as he is "holder of the Bob Bullock Chair in Government and Public Policy and director of the Institute for Science, Technology and Public Policy (ISTPP) in the Bush School of Government and Public Service". He has done a lot throughout his career pertaining to the environment which only adds to his credibility. http://bush.tamu.edu/faculty/avedlitz/
Second, for the exchange to be truly deliberative, citizens must be open to receiving and considering this new information and new arguments and, ultimately, to changing their minds when confronted with convincing new arguments or contradictory evidence that make their current positions indefensible.
This point is a good way to increase credibility as the authors are addressing that people should listen to and welcome refutations of the arguments. Therefore, every aspect of the argument is addressed.
We fielded a national survey to collect opinions, knowledge, and engagement on climate change, including individuals’ informal public discourse with family members, friends, and coworkers
I would be interested in seeing the survey. I want to know if the same size was large enough to constitute the results of the survey. Who received the survey? Are the questions potentially biased?
However, the polarization on the issue of climate change calls into question what the result of more public discourse might look like. Would the result be an emerging consensus toward belief in the reality of climate change—and accompanying support for public policies to curb human impacts? Or would the outcome be more of the same polarization that we see now?
This is an interesting point. Because very little people are engaging in conversation about climate change currently, would increasing talk about climate change only cause more polarization on the subject or bring a new light to the subject?
These data give us a unique opportunity to analyze empirically how, and how much, the U.S. public engages in discussion of this very important but technically complex and politically contested issue.
Here is what "they" are saying. Shreck and Vedlitz are saying that in order for this issue to be truly understood it needs to be looked at two ways. First, is that people need to have an open-mind. One must consider the other sides perspectives and stay impressionable to the argument being made. Second, people need to realize that in order to engage in deliberative democratic theory they must have an active, engaged, and knowledgeable political entity that will consider all ideas equally and will reconsider its existing ideas in the face of new evidence or arguments.Because of this, they will be exposed to new information and ideas which will either help deepen their initial position or help sway them in the opposite direction.
The transmission served by personal notes most often operates within oneindividual’s experience—from a moment of reading and note taking to alater moment when the notes are read and sometimes rearranged and usedin articulating a thought. But personal notes can also be shared with others,on a limited scale with family and friends and on a wider scale throughpublication, notably in genres that compile useful reading notes for others.A history of note taking has significance beyond the study of individualsetsof extant notes by shedding light on aspects of note taking that were widelyshared, notably through being taught in schools or used in particular pro-fessional contexts.
Subtle argument about the mix of privacy and publicness in notetaking: even when the notes themselves are private, the habit of notetaking, the mode of notetaking, the kinds of things that get notated, are part of a deeply social process of education and acculturation.
Meng described El Niño’s rippling effects as impacting one region of the world after another.
This source might help me going forward with research because it is showing me how one thing can effect everything. It is a chain of both societal and environmental impacts. I should research the effects on each chain if climate change continues to be a big problem.
“We also know that the broader the coverage of a cap-and-trade program, the less costly it’s going to be to make the same amount of reduction,” Meng said of achieving carbon reductions around the world.
This is a global solution. It helps to see how solutions to the problems with effect a global audience rather than just a local one. This helps to show the big picture for Meng' s work.
I would be interested in researching other solutions that could be used to reach a more global audience as well.
This is also an audience appeal as he is showing how Meng's innovations are universally helpful. He is working to better the world, not just a specific nation.
The Carbon Market and Global Climate Issues UCSB’s Kyle Meng Discusses Environmental Economics
Ruan, Dylan. "The Carbon Market and Global Climate Issues." Santa Barbara Independent 1 Mar. 2016: n. pag. Web.
Ruan claims that UCSB's Kyle Meng is focusing on creating a future where "climate change is battled with market-based solutions". Moreover, that climate change can be addressed using environmental economics.
Because this consequence is experienced by someone else — the environment, humans on other continents, or animals — there is little obvious incentive for many of us to reduce carbon emissions. One solution to this problem is to put a price on pollution.
By showing a possible solution to the problem, Ruan establishes early on the credibility in Meng's work. His solution is backed by his vast understanding of economics as he explains to the audience how it would benefit society to put a price of pollution. In doing this, reduction of activity would occur, in turn causing carbon emissions to become reduced.
Meng believes that environmental economics “is fundamentally about harnessing the power of markets to address environmental problems.”
This is what "they" are saying. Ruan is articulating Meng's philosophy to the audience. Meng, who is well versed in economics and the environment, specifically climate change and market-based solutions, is showing how we can use the market to help fix the environment. Meng addresses primarily two ways economics can be used to bring communities together to reduce emissions. He also addresses environmental effects like El Nino that can have dramatic repercussions if not properly analyzed and helped.
Meng’s research also focuses on the potential impacts of climate change, which he tries to understand by looking to the recent past, such as the global climatic phenomenon known as El Niño
Another example to help establish credibility falls within Meng's research of a past climate change event, El Nino. Most of the time to better gain understanding of a particular problem and its solutions, a person should look at the past to address what worked and what didn't. This will save both time and money and help in deciding future actions of climate change.
These major agricultural losses, he observed, have the potential to lead to an increased amount of civil unrest and conflict within tropical nations.
I would be interested in further researching potential conflicts between tropical nations. How prevalent has this issue been and has it ended up causing big conflicts in the past?
comment options,
I'd be interested to drill down here. Is there a difference between page bottom comments and those made inline? Is there a difference between making such comments in personal notes/private groups/public?...
The Backlash Against Serial—and Why It's Wrong
Friedersdorf, Conor. "The Backlash Against Serial -- and Why It's Wrong." The Atlantic. 3 Dec. 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.
Friedersdorf's claim is in the title: he argues that Koenig did a good job of reporting in Serial and that we should focus on the larger issue of making sure the truth is out there in order to get, in this example, justice for both Hae and Adnan.
As Lindsay Beyerstein notes in The New York Observer
Friedersdorf establishes credibility by referencing commenters on Kang's article as well as an author from The New York Observer, thereby making me trust that others hold his opinion as well. However, I wonder how cherry picked the quotes from the comments section are. I checked and there were a few who agreed with Kang's analysis.
Let's get my biases out of the way
Nice job of getting some refutations out there early on. This helps establish ethos in that Friedersdorf appears to be self-aware, although, as I pointed out in an earlier annotation, he is not entirely self-aware because he ignores his own point that there is usually some grain of truth in criticisms about white reporter privilege.
As often as not, there is at least something to be learned from the critic.
I agree with this point, and it's something I need to do further research on. After reading the article in full, I don't think Friedersdorf acknowledges what Koneig could learn from her critics. Instead, he focuses on undermining Kang's concerns about Serial. In my opinion, the takeaway for Koenig is to be more mindful of race and culture in her reporting, and to be sure to refer to credible authorities when she may not fully understand.
They're worth addressing for two reasons.
Friedersdorf tries to establish credibility right away by acknowledging the value in Kang's concerns.
Conor Friedersdorf
Conor Friedersdorf is a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs. He lives in Venice, California, and is the founding editor of The Best of Journalism, a newsletter devoted to exceptional nonfiction. "Conor Friedersdorf"
The Atlantic is a well-known magazine (a reliable popular source) known as "high quality review with a moderate worldview."
One of the oldest and most respected of American reviews, The Atlantic Monthly was founded in 1857 by Moses Dresser Phillips and Francis H. Underwood. It has long been noted for the quality of its fiction and general articles, contributed by a long line of distinguished editors and authors.
Most of all, the response to mistakes should never be to discourage white reporters from telling important stories.
Here Friedersdorf gets to what's at stake in the big picture: according to Friedersdorf, it's important that people's stories are told. The truth needs to be out there, and it's dangerous to make reporters feel scared to tell someone else's story.
What broadcast journalism show is telling these stories better? How many broadcasters are telling them at all? Are these episodes best characterized as exhaustively reported features told with care and empathy, or as stomping around communities the journalists don't understand? Would journalism or social justice be advanced if This American Life told fewer stories like these to its huge, influential audience—or would it be better if other broadcast journalism more resembled This American Life? What particular mistakes do these episodes make? Are they best noted specifically and constructively, or bundled under the vague label "white-privileged cultural tourism," which many of the subjects would dispute?
Good questions here. I don't know where I stand on the issue and need to do further research. Just because This American Life is doing a better job than some news outlets doesn't mean it shouldn't be called out for its failings.
None of this means that the disproportionate whiteness and lack of religious, ideological, and socioeconomic diversity in most American newsrooms isn't a problem that negatively affects the quality of journalistic output.
Nice refutation here. Friedersdorf acknowledges that there is a wider problem with white reporter privilege, just not as much in this case.
But even if we accept Kang's speculation
It's a good idea to accept Kang's speculation even after disproving it because it shows that Friedersdorf is unbiased and truly taking Kang's opinion into account.
It’s a total non sequitur.
This is useful to see how someone calls an author out for a logical fallacy. It undermines Kang's ethos, the "they" to whom Friedersdorf is responding.
Educators
Just got to think about our roles, in view of annotation. Using “curation” as a term for collecting URLs sounds like usurping the title of “curator”. But there’s something to be said about the role involved. From the whole “guide on the side” angle to the issue with finding appropriate resources based on a wealth of expertise.
Literary Annotation and Digital Humanities
Wido van Peursen
Même si le code est réutilisable, cette initiative ne vise pas à « faire modèle » mais incitera les chercheurs, nous l'espérons, à travailler à leur tour la matière numérique.
Il faut le rendre disponible en CC non ? La thèse est une démonstration de faisabilité en soi. Pourquoi ne pas lui donner une chance de survivre?
Welcome to Hubzilla at LastAuth.com
The Welcome Page. The Man behind the scene's has been truly welcoming. Test 1 Test 2
So my consideration here is to go between an annotation structure such as this and a mind-map structure(initially until I regard other infographic materiaux making) such as mindmup.com.
you'll see the "download annotated" option.
Wish [h] had a similar feature. And that NB supported #OpenAnnotation.
We analyzed the relationship between students’ level of online engagement, and traditional learning metrics, to understand the effectiveness of discussion forums in the context of flipped classrooms.
Sounds like something interesting for Dr. Jeremy Dean.
crowds
Dang right. Sometimes, it gets crowded, but it is always interesting ...
Why Annotate the Web?
It will only happen if we fix our politics. A better politics doesn’t mean we have to agree on everything. This is a big country, with different regions and attitudes and interests. That’s one of our strengths, too. Our Founders distributed power between states and branches of government, and expected us to argue, just as they did, over the size and shape of government, over commerce and foreign relations, over the meaning of liberty and the imperatives of security.
While technology doesn't solve everything, I firmly believe it has a critical role to play in fixing our politics. Better and easier ways for citizens to hold their government accountable, engage with their elected officials and each other, and way more exist. We're using one right now.
That’s how we forged a Trans-Pacific Partnership to open markets, protect workers and the environment, and advance American leadership in Asia. It cuts 18,000 taxes on products Made in America, and supports more good jobs. With TPP, China doesn’t set the rules in that region, we do. You want to show our strength in this century? Approve this agreement. Give us the tools to enforce it.
An opportunity to employ online, open co-creation tools. Such as, say, Hypothes.is. Or what the D.C.'s Mayor Bowser and city council are doing with the Madison online policymaking software.
Back when this was still being negotiated in secret, a leaked chapter of TPP was opened on the very first version of Madison. What could've been as far as harnessing open online annotation for transparent, smarter policy outcomes.
You’d have a little browser bookmarklet/action within the app that would let you highlight text and embed it into a tweet. That’d get Twitter more data: the text and the metadata about where it came. This wouldn’t encroach on the media’s reasons for Tweeting any more than a screenshort, but it would be better for users.
This is annotation!
And Medium does this already.
I appreciate the importance of annotation and social annotation as a part of the research process.
Michael Chabon also added an annotation to the final couplet of the track.
Celebrity annotation--is that added value?
Incredible that the "screenshort" hack is now getting integrated into Twitter itself. But it's still not web annotation!
Set Semantics¶ This tool is used to set semantics in EPUB files. Semantics are simply, links in the OPF file that identify certain locations in the book as having special meaning. You can use them to identify the foreword, dedication, cover, table of contents, etc. Simply choose the type of semantic information you want to specify and then select the location in the book the link should point to. This tool can be accessed via Tools->Set semantics.
Though it’s described in such a simple way, there might be hidden power in adding these tags, especially when we bring eBooks to the Semantic Web. Though books are the prime example of a “Web of Documents”, they can also contribute to the “Web of Data”, if we enable them. It might take long, but it could happen.
conversation” (432).31
Thumbs up emoji!
traditional narrative time line vanishes
I'm interested in hypertext (and annotation) before this point, before fully rupturing the narrative, but somehow co-existing with it...
a way to not just passively read but to fully enter a text, to collaborate with it, to mingle with an author on some kind of primary textual plane.
Precisely: annotation as active reading. But also as discourse with text/author.
The author argued that you didn’t truly own a book (spiritually, intellectually) until you had marked it up.
I definitely feel the same way, both as a scholar and a teacher (in terms of forcing the same principle on my students). And I'd go farther to expand the definition of ownership here to include comprehension and critical engagement.
Commentary as a practice of annotation that not only helps readers comprehend a text but also facilitates its critical evaluation elucidates the relevance of the text for a particular readership and establishes or promotes specific interpretations.
I think like we're working with a very limited (even if acknowledged) definition of commentary/annotation. We're really just talking about expert analysis laid over a text, which is nothing new, though as pointed out below this tradition can achieve a new dynamism in the online environment.
What I think is more interesting about annotation and the digital humanities is the potential for readers themselves to become truly active contributors to the knowledge surrounding the texts--not simply served explanation for their relatively passive comprehension.
link here is not part of the author’s intent, but of the reader’s analysis.
Hyperlinks need to be divided into genres. Those produced by editors and authors are ultimately not that radical or at least different from those we might find in the pages of a book.
Hyperlinks (and annotations) created by writers, now that's something else entirely. That's like David Foster Wallace's annotated copy of Don DeLillo's Players (house at the HRC), as opposed to a copy easily bought at a bookstore.
This is a test.
Just seeing what happens when I annotate a page that's loaded from a local server.
you can tag questions with difficulty level and Bloom’s Taxonomy level
With SmartBooks, students can see the important content highlighted
Like an algorithmic version of Hypothesis? Is McGraw-Hill part of the Coalition? Looks like it isn’t. Is it a “for us or against us” situation?
This is our front page
Oops! Started annotating the Forbes version but this one might be better (no preload). Wish I could transfer my annotations from one version to the other…
Series of webinars on the pedagogy of Web annotation.
THE CAMP looked as though it had been through an epi-demic: empty and dead.
A. Death B. People find comfort when they are not alone C. Personification D. Wiesel states that the camp looked empty and dead which is personification. The personification here emphasizes the vacancy of the camp and gives foreshadowing into the fact that many were going to die.
Birkenau.
ARBEIT MACHT FREI. Work makes youfree.
A. Slavery B. Slavery is being enforced upon them in subtly unsubtle ways to make them feel absolutely powerless C. Irony D. The irony in the inscription makes Wiesel feel hopeless as it seems to be that concentration camps where death is the norm is a lot better than a death camp. It is true, but having his life reduced down to the options of either death or inevitable pain and then death or miraculously survive is not anything any human should ever face.
Comrades, you are now in the concentration camp Ausch-witz. Ahead of you lies a long road paved with suffering. Don'tlose hope. You have already eluded the worst danger: the selec-tion. Therefore, muster your strength and keep your faith. Weshall all see the day of liberation. Have faith in life, a thousandtimes faith. By driving out despair, you will move away fromdeath. Hell does not last f o r e v e r ... A nd now, here is a prayer, orrather a piece of advice: let there be camaraderie among you. Weare all brothers and share the same fate. The same smoke hoversover all our heads. Help each other. That is the only way to sur-vive. And now, enough said, you are tired. Listen: you are inBlock 17; I am responsible for keeping order here. Anyone with a complaint may come to see me. That is all. Go to sleep. Two peo-ple to a bunk. Good night."Those were the first human words.
The motif of this quote is religion. The purpose is that even in bad situations where people know their future is bleak they should still trust in their beliefs and have faith. The stylistic device used in this quote is restatement, when the man talks about having faith. His restatement reinforces the purpose because he is trying to get the men to trust in their god and keep faith and the restatement helps emphasize what he's saying.
One by one, the houses emptied and the streets filled with peo-ple carrying bundles. By ten o'clock, everyone was outside. Thepolice were taking roll calls, once, twice, twenty times. The heatwas oppressive. Sweat streamed from people's faces and bodies.Children were crying for water.Water! There was water close by inside the houses, the back-yards, but it was forbidden to break rank.
A. Oppression B. The oppressed don't understand why they are being oppressed and for that reason will have little knowledge of what is going on. They will not ask questions as they are the oppressed and are in no position to do so. C. Imagery D. Wiesel uses imagery to depict the state of confusion and despair that they were in.
Kabbalah
Kabbalah is the study of how to receive fulfillment in our lives. - See more at: https://www.kabbalah.com/what-kabbalah#sthash.Rxd6xGfz.dpuf
"I am too old, my son," he answered. "Too old to start a newlife. Too old to start from scratch in some distant l a n d ..."
A. Attachment B. People can make different decisions due to their attachment over something C. Repetition D. Wiesel's father repeatedly says "I am too old" which emphasizes how attached his father is to his home making him stay instead of go to a different country
The raid lasted more than one hour. If only it could have goneon for ten times ten h o u r s ... T h e n, once more, there was silence.
A. The motif is hope B. I think "hope" because they are hoping for a longer time of "silence". Meaning that the soldiers aren't yelling at them or torturing them. C. Hyperbole D. By saying "If only it could have gone on for ten times ten hours" this is slightly unrealistic and an exaggeration but also hopeful that it would go on longer.
Our tent leader was a German. An assassin's face, fleshy lips,hands resembling a wolf's paws. The camp's food had agreedwith him; he could hardly move, he was so fat. Like the head ofthe camp, he liked children. Immediately after our arrival, hehad bread brought for them, some soup and margarine. (In fact,this affection was not entirely altruistic; there existed here a veri-table traffic of children among homosexuals, I learned later.) Hetold us
A.) Fear B.) The appearance of some people can strike fear into others. c.) He uses Imagery D.) The way he describes him shows the effect his appearance had on him.
"Take care of your son. He is very weak, very dehydrated.Take care of y o u r s e l v e s, you must avoid selection. Eat! Anything,anytime. Eat all you can. The weak don't last very long around here..."And he himself was so thin, so withered, so weak..."The only thing that keeps me alive," he kept saying, "is to know that Reizel and the little ones are still alive. Were it not for them, I would give up."
"Remember," he went on. "Remember it always, let it be graven in your memories. You are in Auschwitz. And Auschwitz is not a convalescent home. It is a concentration camp. Here, you must work. If you don't you will go straight to the chimney. To the crematorium. Work or crematorium—the choice is yours."
The Kapos
Kapos are prisoners assigned by the SS guards to supervise or do other tasks. (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Duerr-054-17,_Lettland,_KZ_Salaspils,_j%C3%BCdischer_Lagerpolizist.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Duerr-054-17,_Lettland,_KZ_Salaspils,_j%C3%BCdischer_Lagerpolizist.jpg)
The student ofTalmud, the child I was, had been consumed by the flames. Allthat was left was a shape that resembled me. My soul had beeninvaded—and devoured—by a black flame
As for me, I had ceased to pray. I concurred with Job! I was not denying Hisexistence, but I doubted His absolute justice
A) The motif in this quote is the denial of god/religion. B) The author is trying to tell you how Weisel is starting to deny god and religion because of what is happening to them. He is losing his hope. His belief in god is being changed because of the trauma going on. C) An allusion. He is referring to God and if you do not know that, you will be lost on who he lost absolute justice with. D)This connects to the theme because after the quote, Akiba talks about god testing them; trying to see who believes in this faith more.
YOM KIPPUR. The Day of Atonement. Should we fast? The question was hotly debated. To fast could mean a more certain, more rapid death. In this place, we were always fasting. It was Yom Kippur year-round. But there were those who said we should fast, precisely because it was dangerous to do so. We needed to show God that even here, locked in hell, we were capable of singing His praises.
Religion. Even when they are starving they're still considering fasting so that they can stay true to their religion. This is an example of rhetorical question because they are wondering if they should fast or not, but its not supposed to be answered. They are asking themselves if they should fast or not. They don't want to starve, but at the same time they want to stay true to their religion too.
New suits, old ones, tornovercoats, rags. For us it meant true equality: nakedness.
He was leaning against the wall, bent shoulders sagging as if under a heavy load. I went up to him, took his hand and kissed it. I felt a tear on my hand. Whose was it? Mine? His? I said nothing. Nor did he. Never before had we understood each other so clearly.
Father/son relationship. All the events they have gone through together caused them to become closer to each other. This is an example of rhetorical question because he is asking whose tear it was, but its not supposed to be answered. They have grown so close to each other that it doesn't matter whose tear it was to each other, but only that they are still there for each other.
"Don't rejoice too soon, son. Here too there is selection. Infact, more often than outside. Germany has no need of sick Jews.Germany has no need of me. When the next transport arrives,you'll have a new neighbor. Therefore, listen to me: leave theinfirmary before the next selection!"
1)Death 2)When people are in tough situations they give up hope. 3)Repetition 4)Through the repetition of Germany and the idea of sickness and dying it reinforces the idea of hopelessness.
"Blessed be God's name..."Thousands of lips repeated the benediction, bent over liketrees in a storm.Blessed be God's name?Why, but why would I bless Him? Every fiber in me rebelled.Because He caused thousands of children to burn in His massgraves?
1)Faith 2) When people are placed in situations they don't have control over they tend to blame someone and it is usually some figure in power which they blame. 3)Personification 4)Through the use of personification with the phrases, "...lips...bent over like trees in a storm." and "Every fiber in me rebelled." they reinforce the blame of God that Elie produces as he sees others pray to God and exalt his name even though many have died and He hasn't done anything to stop it.
Afterward, we were given permission to go back to our blockand have our meal.I remember that on that evening, the soup tasted better thanever...
1)Food 2)When people are forced into situations that are hard for them to deal with they look for comfort. 3)Imagery 4)The idea of the best soup he has had in the camp reinforces the idea that people look for comfort during times of distress. Elie finds comfort in the soup even though it was most likely the exact same soup he has had every night in the camp.
I stood petrified. What had happened to me? My father hadjust been struck, in front of me, and I had not even blinked. I hadwatched and kept silent. Only yesterday, I would have dug mynails into this criminal's flesh. Had I changed that much? So fast?Remorse began to gnaw at me. All I could think was: I shall neverforgive them for this. My father must have guessed my thoughts,because he whispered in my ear:"It doesn't hurt." His cheek still bore the red mark of thehand
1). The motif is the loss of care among prisoners.
2). Being constantly exposed to these actions leads to the loss of care among the prisoners.
3). When Wiesel says "What had happened to me?.. Had I changed that much? So fast?" These are examples of rhetorical questions.
4). This use of the rhetorical question helps us fully understand how Elie is deterring mentally. He says that the previous day he would have mauled another prisoner had they done that to his Father, but today he has changed from that motivation because of all the horrific actions that he sees every single day, he's so used to it that it doesn't even affect him anymore.
"You...you...you..." T h ey p o i n t ed their f i n g e r s, t he w ayone might choose cattle, or merchandise.
The motif for this is inferiority. The quote shows just how they were treated less than human. This is a metaphor to compare how they were treated to how cattle are treated. This reinforces how badly the prisoners were treated and how they were looked upon.
The Kapo launched into a lengthy explanation of theimportance of this work, warning us that anyone who proved to belazy would be held accountable. My new comrades reassured me:"Don't worry. He has to say this because of the Meister.
The motif for this is intimidation. The people who ran the camps tried to keep the inmates in constant fear so they would do what they were told without question. This sets a very dark tone and theme to show that the inmates had to live in constant fear of people who were seen as greater than they were.
"Bite your lips, little brother...Don't cry. Keep your anger,yourhate, for another day, for later. The day will come but notnow...Wait. Clench your teeth and w a i t ..
The motif represented in this is revenge. This shows that the promise of revenge is what kept many prisoners going and living. Imagery is used because it gives you a mental image of how the revenge is keeping them alive and how.
Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turnedmy life into one long night seven times sealed.Never shall I forget that smoke.Never shall I forget the small faces of the children whosebodies Isaw transformed into smoke under asilent sky.Never shall I forget those flames that consumed my faith for-ever.Never shall I forget the nocturnal silence that deprived mefor all eternity of the desire to live.Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my Godand my soul and turned my dreams to ashes.Never shall I forget those things, even were I condemned tolive as long as God Himself.Never
This passage shows trauma. The purpose of this passage is to show the memories Elie will always have even if he doesn't want to remember how terrible it really was. There is repetition when it repeats "Never shall I forget..." many times. The author does this to emphasize that he will never be able to forget what happened.
We believed in God, trusted in man, and lived with the illu- sion that every one of us has been entrusted with a sacred sparkfrom the Shekhinah's flame; that every one of us carries in hiseyes and in his soul a reflection of God's image
God. He knows that god is with them, watching over. This is an example of Personification because everyone can't carries his eyes in his soul.
I nodded, once, ten times, endlessly. As if myhead had de-cided to say yes for all eternity
A)Fear B) The author included this text to emphasize how weak and fearful he was of receiving another flogging from Idek and felt as if his body was automatically answering Idek. The literary device used in this text is a simile. The device reinforces the author's purpose because Ellie represents his tiresome, submitted response to Idek's question as if his head had decided to answer for him for all eternity.
personal note taking, peer review, copy editing, post publication discussion, journal clubs, classroom uses, automated classification, deep linking
Useful list, almost a roadmap or set of scenarios. The last two might be especially intriguing, in view of the Semantic Web.
deep linking
Ah, yes! It may sound technical to some, but there’s something very useful about deep linking which can help fulfill Berners-Lee’s Semantic Web idea much more appropriately than what is currently available. Despite so many advances in Web publishing (and the growing interest in Linked Open Data), it’s often difficult to link directly to an online item of interest. In a way, Hypothesis almost allows readers to add anchor tags to an element so it can be used in a direct link.
add tags for categorization and search
Well-structured annotations can pave the way towards Linked Open Data.
Anyone can say Anything
The “Open World Assumption” is central to this post and to the actual shift in paradigm when it comes to moving from documents to data. People/institutions have an alleged interest in protecting the way their assets are described. Even libraries. The Open World Assumption makes it sound quite chaotic, to some ears. And claims that machine learning will solve everything tend not to help the unconvinced too much. Something to note is that this ability to say something about a third party’s resource connects really well with Web annotations (which do more than “add metadata” to those resources) and with the fact that no-cost access to some item of content isn’t the end of the openness.
that was a comedic goldmine
Sometimes an annotation is just an annotation.
gifts anybody
gifs are little gifts.
Tools like Hypothesis are the future of education.
Let’s imagine that future. What else could [h] do, if we were to make a wishlist?
Les représentants de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) annoncèrent leur objectif de ramener le délai de traitement des documents à six semaines en moyenne
C’était long, en 2002! Où en est la BnF, aujourd’hui? D’une certaine façon, ce résumé semble prédire la venue des données, la fédération des catalogues, etc. Pourtant, il semble demeurer de nombreux obstacles, malgré tout ce temps. Et si on pouvait annoter le Web directement?
I was afraid.Afraid of the blows.That was why I remained deaf to his cries.Instead of sacrificing my miserable life and rushing to hisside, taking his hand, reassuring him, showing him that hewasnot abandoned, that I was near him, that I felt his sorrow, insteadof all that, I remained flat on my back, asking God to make myfather stop calling my name, to make him stop crying. So afraidwas I to incur the wrath of the SS.
A) Fear B) One can have so much fear that they can start to only care about their own survival and begin to have so much fear that they only care about self preservation. C) One literary device he uses is restatement. D) He uses restatement to emphasize how he was afraid of the SS.
Dr. Mengele, the notorious Dr. Mengele
We stood stunned, petrified.Could this be just a nightmare? An unimaginable nightmare?
A) The motif for this quote could be fear. B) The theme for this quote could be fear can blur the lines of reality and fiction. C) The stylistic devise used in this quote is rhetorical question. D) By using a rhetorical question it allows a reader to see he is questioning himself. He is so scared that he believes for a second he is in a dream. He then questions himself wondering if it is just a horrible dream. This shows how sometimes in situations of terror we can feel as though it is not even reality.
The baton, once more, moved to the left. A weight lifted frommy heart.
A) The motif in this quote could be father/son relationship. B) A theme for this quote could be even in the most extreme situations love for you family still prevails. C) This stylistic device that is found in this quote is an idiom. D) When he says that a weight is lifted from his heart it shows that his heart was heavy from the thought of being split from his father. When his father is put into the same group as him and the weight seems to be lifted it shows that even in the situation they are in his father is the only thing that matters to him. Thus, connecting to the theme of love for your family prevailing through horrific times.
By day I studied Talmud and by night I would run to the syna-gogue to weep over the destruction of the Temple
This shows religion. You can do one thing while feeling different. He uses slang/dialect in words such as Talmud and synagogue. he does what he is supposed to during the day but lets his feelings out at night.
Days went by. Then weeks and months. Life was normalagain.
A: Overwhelmed B: To show how different it was and how easily it changed. C and D: Sentence fragments are used to reinforce the idea of showing how fast and easily their lives changed.
I wanted to run away, but my feet were nailed to the floor. Idek grabbed me by the throat.
Fear. He knew he wouldn't be able to run away from Idek. This is an example of hyperbole because his feet weren't literally nailed to the floor. He could have ran away from Idek, but the fear was holding him down from running away.
"Yisgadal, veyiskadash, shmey raba...May His name be cele-brated and sanctified..." whispered my father.
Religion. They are in a tough time and are seeking to religion to help themselves and their people. It makes them feel more safe and comfortable in a dangerous environment. This is an example of restatement because the quote is shown in two languages. They keep repeating religious quotes in memory of their people.
she looked like a withered tree in a field of wheat
A) The motif or subject that is continuously repeated is depression B)Traumatic events can lead to people being depressed and hopeless C)The stylistic technique used in this quote is a simile D)This simile reinforces the purpose of the quote because it's stating that the character is "withered" or worn out and depressed, from these traumatic events.
I remember that night, the most horrendous of my life:...Eliezer, my son, comehere... I want to tell yousomething...Onlytoyou...Come, d o n 't l e a ve me a l o n e ... E l i e z e r ..
Father/Son relationship: Because of these quotes it's telling us that family member care for each other, even if it's they'er last day of living. This quote is using connotation, to show the emotion of how the dad feels about the son.
I let the SS beat my father, I left him alone in theclutches of death. Worse: I was angry with him for having beennoisy, for having cried, for provoking the wrath of the SS
Father/Son: the authors purpose is to show these harsh conditions changed people, it caused them to do anything to survive, even if it meant family was left behind. It uses imagery to show how he was split from his father, and the brutality of it. This device helps reinforce the topic, because it shows that to survive, he left his father when he was dying. It shows how he was willing to leave his flesh in blood behind, out of fear.
"Yisgadal, veyiskadash, shmey raba...May His name be cele-brated and sanctified..." whispered my father.
Religion When all seems hopeless, people need something to lean on so they feel not all is lost. Earlier in the book the father was not religious at all and even discouraged Elie to read and study religion, but once in the death camp he prayed and recited their book of religion.This an example of repetition of how he repeats it to insure that it works somehow. He repeated it in jewish and in english.
The wind of revolt died down
Trauma; People were flustered during this time yet were forced to get over it to stay focused; Personification; People were in disgust and fear for what they'd just witness of the vital babies being thrown into the fire.
Was it to leave behind a legacy of words, of memories, to helpprevent history from repeating itself?
Denial; Because of a piece of writing, these actions shouldn't take place again; Rhetorical Question; I highly doubt that the action of writing a novel about the genocide would prevent the world from repeating these horrific actions. If so, I believe the Holocaust would not have triggered after .. slavery, a genocide itself.
People thought this was a good thing. We would no longerhave to look at all those hostile faces, endure those hate-filledstares. No more fear. No more anguish. We would live among Jews, among brothers...
Denial People didn't want to have to live with the reality that their world was crumbling before them. so they tried to make the best out of it in order to see the positive side instead of what it really was. This is parallelism as the he was shortening the sentences to get across the main, simple point of how they were belittling their problems and not taking it in the serious, ground shattering way that it was.
My father was a cultured man, rather unsentimental. He rarelydisplayed his feelings, not even within his family, and was moreinvolved with the welfare of others than with that of his own kin.The Jewish community of Sighet held him in highest esteem; hisadvice on public and even private matters was frequently sought.
A) Father/Son relationship B) I believe that this is just giving some background information on his relationship with his father, and showing how his father interacts with the rest of the family. It's saying that you might see your parents in an entirely different way than how the community sees them. C) A small bit of repetition when he tells his father's traits D) This helps show the theme/motif by really showing how his father acts towards the family, but then is completely different towards people outside of the family.
entity called “comment,”
Post, comment, annotation… All different, but can all have the same predicate.
If you write a post and I write a post on my own blog referring to yours, my blog post also “is a response to” your blog post.
Chain of attribution, as @Shepazu would have it.
Will our annotations issues be solved, in nine years?
Interesting that SVG guru Shepazu would talk about Hypothes.is…
focus on curation and discovery
Besides the piece’s content, the interactions which happened through a layer of Diigo annotations were quite interesting.
The future of news is still about journalism? We can annotate any content. This piece makes it sound as though journalism should become even more controlling.
Wonder how Colwiz compares to Annotator.js …
why not annotate, say, the Eiffel Tower itself
As long as it has some URI, it can be annotated. Any object in the world can be described through the Semantic Web. Especially with Linked Open Data.
machine-readable, ‘semantic’ annotations.
Waiting for those to be promoted, through Hypothesis and other Open Annotations platforms.
a web-wide ‘Like’ feature could just be implemented as a special kind of annotation
Unlike some other approaches to development, this acknowledgment that usage can push innovation could help expand Hypothesis beyond a core base of “annotation geeks”. Document-level annotations can serve to classify or evaluate, like social bookmarking. What’s wrong with that?
As they are distinguishable documents too, annotations can even be annotated themselves.
Tell that to Genius!
A purr can translate to contentment, sure, but it could also indicate hunger, or fright.
As a child, I once watched a mother cat purr as its kitten--grabbed and shaken by a dog--died five feet away.
ibrary to easily add annotation functionality to any webpage. Annotations can
This is a test.
Innate Immunity
Good beginning, lots of text that I can quickly annotate - appears to be a review article from 2009: Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses
semantic annotation of texts
marginalia électroniques
mise en abime
(If this intrigues you, check out Hypothes.is, a socially-conscious annotation service you can use today).
The promise of OA lies more in prospects for social success than in the model's descriptive power.
Fine by me.
This could be really useful as a UI component for marking up notebooks.
but in conversations with educators of late I’ve come to realize that we often mean different things by the word “annotate.” Annotation connotes something distinct in specific subject areas, at different grade and skill levels, and within certain teaching philosophies.
One group I've been in conversation with lately that has troubled my idea of what it means to annotate is the National Writing Project community.
One particular conversation with those folks took place as part of an Educator Innovator webinar that you can watch here.
Thanks, Erick Gordon, Adele Bruni, Nathan Blom, and Louis Lafair!
Annotez
Ominous…
I feel that there is a great benefit to fixing this question at the spec level. Otherwise, what happens? I read a web page, I like it and I am going to annotate it as being a great one -- but first I have to find out whether the URI my browser is used, conceptually by the author of the page, to represent some abstract idea?
Let me be very clear: I do not care what the “top highlight” is. In fact, I actively do not want to know what the top highlight is. That kind of information encourages the meme-ification of the web, a world where we care more about pushing one sentence over the “tipping point” into virality than in carrying on a global conversation. It’s American Idol for pull quotes.
DARIAH AAI and Schema Registry are wonderful services to organize and to query interdisciplinary and multiperspective annotation data. By this, real added value would be created because annotation could work as a communicative entity for cross domain/project research
... i.e. generic search ...
sustainability of service and data
... and community building, interoperability,
Davis, Allison P. "Sheila Heti on Drinking Her Way to a Child's-Eye View" from Department of Corrections in The Cut July 16, 2015 annotation as a correction to existing online resources such as Wikipedia
Bookmarking, note-taking
To these basic citations, the annotated bibliography adds descriptive and evaluative comments (i.e., an annotation), assessing the nature and value of the cited works. The addition of commentary provides the future reader or researcher essential critical information and a foundation for further research.
On compiling an annotated bibliography / James L. Harner
reference on annotated bibliography
Google Annotations Gallery
what is this resource? what does it do?
The Google Annotations Gallery is an exciting new Java open source library that provides a rich set of annotations for developers to express themselves. Do you find the standard Java annotations dry and lackluster? Have you ever resorted to leaving messages to fellow developers with the @Deprecated annotation? Wouldn't you rather leave a @LOL or @Facepalm instead? If so, then this is the gallery for you.
Social Annotations in Digital Library Collections
D-Lib Magazine November/December 2008
Volume 14 Number 11/12 ISSN 1082-9873
Mutilation of library materials by marking, underlining, removal of pages
Sec. 15-7. - Injuring or defacing library property. Whoever willfully injures or defaces any book, newspaper, magazine, pamphlet, manuscript, or other property belonging to the city library by writing, marking, tearing, breaking, or otherwise mutilating shall be fined as provided in section 1-8. (Code 1964, amended, § 19.19(A)) Cross reference— Damage to public property, § 17-26. State Law reference— Criminal mischief, V.A.P.C. § 28.03; reckless damage of property, § 28.04.
Defacing Library Property Is A Crime
The on-line annotations were also more likely to be anchored in complete sentences.
This seems odd. Maybe the interface in some way pushed them toward this? For instance, I sometimes think the way that Hypothesis shows the quote in the annotation card severs it from its context in such a way as to make it seem out of place when highlighting just that portion seemed fine inline.
although personal annotations with content (e.g. notes) occur infrequently on paper they are far more likely to form the basis of on-line commentary.
Which annotations will people want to intentionally share? Will other readers be able to make sense of these annotations?
Key questions.
Pruebas sobre los casos de anotación de W3C
in-class, whole group annotation and discussion
Why not use a web-based application that allows for this kind of collaboration!?
Enter the Daily Mail website, MailOnline, and CNN online. These sites display news stories with the main points of the story displayed as bullet points that are written independently of the text. “Of key importance is that these summary points are abstractive and do not simply copy sentences from the documents,” say Hermann and co.
Someday, maybe projects like Hypothesis will help teach computers to read, too.
“the process through which a person becomes capable of taking what was learned in one situation and applying it to new situations; in other words, learning for ‘transfer . ’”
What better way to do this than taking a skill- or content-based lesson and applying it to the web as a practice through annotation.
crowdsourced context platform
test2
That is, the human annotators are likely to assign different relevance labels to a document, depending on the quality of the last document they had judged for the same query. In addi- tion to manually assigned labels, we further show that the implicit relevance labels inferred from click logs can also be affected by an- choring bias. Our experiments over the query logs of a commercial search engine suggested that searchers’ interaction with a document can be highly affected by the documents visited immediately be- forehand.
Hope you read Latin
In publishing and graphic design, lorem ipsum is a filler text commonly used to demonstrate the graphic elements of a document or visual presentation.
—both in the future as a better world and as one in which the United States bestrides the globe as a colossus. 2
On the public version of this PDF at Project Muse (password protected), I've created an annotation at this point in the text. But it does not appear in this local version of the PDF.
3XEOLVKHGE\-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
This is my demo PDF for local annotation with hypothes.is. See my sample annotation on the first paragraph of the essay. Add your own test annotations and replies.
Patient groups, lastly, could write open letters to all companies and researchers withholding methods and results of trials on treatments taken by their members, represent their constituencies by holding individuals to reasonable account, and again help improve compliance.
Hmmm. Perhaps annotation would be a better mechanism.
This negates a key defence commonly cited by trialists and sponsors when facing calls for greater transparency: that journals reject “negative” results. All trials can now be reported, immediately, using clinicaltrials.gov as a first or last resort, if the trialist is willing. The question remains: how can we ensure this is done?
Raises the question about whether regulatory agencies could use annotations, as part of Resource Watch, to question whether data that should have been released was released.
Hack days: April 25-26, 2015
A "non-transparent proxy" is a proxy that modifies the request or response in order to provide some added service to the user agent, such as group annotation services, media type transformation, protocol reduction, or anonymity filtering.
Hey look!!1! "group annotation services"!
Here's one: http://via.hypothes.is/
Research and Innovation Actions
Please find the current state of our application effort on transforlab.net.
Annotations show in stream
Is this stream the annotations in the sidebar or a stream that is independent of the sidebar. This independent stream will be important for inter-page groups if used by say research or educational groups..
For mobile we can’t use the desktop adder since Android and iOS present their own popup menus.
Sites like Medium do as well. We may wish to consider that.
This would be good for accessibility as screen readers won’t have to navigate the dom looking for the button.
Nice point.
Die Schere im Kopf
Schöne Beschreibung des Schreibprozesses. Nicht selten verschwinden geisteswissenschaftliche (Vor-) Arbeiten "in der Versenkung".
Dass damit Gefahren verbunden sind
Ben Kaden erinnert daran, dass Web-Annotation auch ihre Schattenseiten haben kann.
The software also includes a new "noting mode", which will let users scribble or type over a page and then share it with others.
Interesting... apparently there is also PDF support. More here...
http://www.tomsguide.com/us/microsoft-windows-10-project-spartan,news-20336.html<br> http://mashable.com/2015/01/21/microsoft-project-spartan-browser/
ANNOTATION The information in B is additional to and subsidiary to that in A. Annotation is used by one person to write the equivalent of "margin notes" or other criticism on another's document, for example. Example: The relationship between a newsgroup and its articles. Acyclic.
Annotation link relationship in HTML 1.0 circa 1993.
next generation of read-write Web applications.
Some notes on the potential of social annotation can be found in the Fu-PusH-Weblog (in German): Hypothes.is und das Potential von Social Annotation. (Dec 03,2014)
Man kann wunderbarerweise auch Annotationen annotieren.
so do I.
Claudia Müller-Birn unterscheidet drei Annotationsebenen:
mit zunehmender Vernetzungskomplexität.
Ich vermute sehr, dass offenes Annotieren im Web eine zentrale digitale Kommunikationsform der näheren Zukunft wird.
Dies gilt jedenfalls, wenn Annotationstools so einfach und intuitiv gestaltet sind wie dieser Annotator.
Kartik Prabhu on marginalia on the Web.
An array of FDF annotation dictionaries (see “FDF Annotation Dictionaries” on page 681). The array can include annotations of any of the standard types listed in Table 8.16 on page 580 except Link , Movie , Widget , PrinterMark , Screen , and TrapNet .
Consider for https://github.com/hypothesis/vision/issues/49
At a recent gathering in Berlin, we considered the idea of attaching a suggested action, like a petition or campaign, to web articles. The hope was to facilitate action at the moment people encounter issues online.
I like this idea!
Why highlight? Like annotating, highlighting may seem unimportant if you create thorough, well-constructed briefs, but highlighting directly helps you to brief. It makes cases, especially the more complicated ones, easy to digest, review and use to extract information. Highlighting takes advantage of colors to provide a uniquely effective method for reviewing and referencing a case. If you prefer a visual approach to learning, you may find highlighting to be a very effective tool.
Why highlight?
Pencil or pen — which is better to use when annotating? Our recommendation is a mechanical pencil.
How about http://hypothes.is/ ?!
In addition to making it easier to review an original case, annotating cases during the first review of a case makes the briefing process easier. With adequate annotations, the important details needed for your brief will be much easier to retrieve. Without annotations, you will likely have difficulty locating the information you seek even in the short cases. It might seem strange that it would be hard to reference a short case, but even a short case will likely take you at least fifteen to twenty-five minutes to read, while longer cases may take as much as thirty minutes to an hour to complete. No matter how long it takes, the dense material of all cases makes it difficult to remember all your thoughts, and trying to locate specific sections of the analysis may feel like you are trying to locate a needle in a haystack. An annotation in the margin, however, will not only swiftly guide you to a pertinent section, but will also refresh the thoughts that you had while reading that section.
Why annotate a legal brief?
"Is Pinterest Illegal?" Interesting implications for annotating images
Mosaic
Mosaic was the first graphical web browser created by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina
good to see others want to move highlights/annotation between Moon+ Reader Pro and other systems like Calibre
My esteemed colleague Jules Verne used to write inventive techno-thrillers, such as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. This cool book is about a dread pirate. Captain Nemo is an anonymous tech-genius anarchist, a stateless marauder who lives inside a self-built, mysterious, super-machine. Quite a catchy notion by Jules there. It really sticks with the reader long-term.
Testing to see if hypothes.is annotation plays well with medium.com annotation.
What a great text to demo epub.js and hypothes.is! Moby-Dick must be the most mind-blowingly allusive and hypertextual writing in the English language!
Modern science has proved that the fundamental traits of every individual are indelibly stamped in the shape of his body, head, face and hands—an X-ray by which you can read the characteristics of any person on sight.
Ma première annotation partagée publiquement!
Vannevar Bush
Who is Vannevar Bush? See [Wikipedia article on V. Bush(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush)
Dr Jimo Borjigin
How do you pronounce this?