625 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. It is forthis reason that when our schools areseparate, the control of the teachingforce, the expenditure of money, thechoice of textbooks, the discipline andother administrative matters of thissort ought, also, to come into ourhands, and be incessantly demandedand guarded.

      Does this mean that schools are separate so they can control who gets what.

    2. Less than a halfmillion are in mixed schools in theNorth, where they are taught almostexclusively by white teachers.

      I infer that this is around the 1950s and 60s because of the separated schools

  2. moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
    1. Dress and grooming standards will be determined bya group of a) students and b) parents.

      I assume this is talking about a dress code

    2. Bilingual-Bi-cultural education will be compulsory forMexican-Americansdmthe;Los Angeles City SchoolSystem where there is a majority of Mexican-Americanstudents.

      I'm assuming this is used so that people that are not Mexican Americans can learn about their culture.

  3. moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
    1. No matter who starts it, thewhites will be blamed. We must not have it.

      I think this is saying white people are acting as the victim in this case, while in reality they've been the villain

    2. but it gave nodeadlines

      I expect this means that schools waited as long as possible to integrate

    3. But | should have realized the white authorities would know about it.

      I can only assume how upset the white people were

    4. he Prince Edward story is not so well known because it doesn’t have “the essentialingredients of a standard civil rights story,”

      A reason for that is because Alabama might have been worse than Virginia, as hard as that is to believe.

    5. Moton High School

      I'm assuming this eventually became the Rober Russa Moton Museum.

  4. Sep 2023
  5. moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
    1. There was an entrance where adoor once was, and within, a massive rickety fireplace; great chinks between the logs served aswindows. Furniture was scarce. A pale blackboard crouched in the corner. My desk was made ofthree boards, reinforced at critical points, and my chair, borrowed from the landlady, had to bereturned every night. Seats for the children—these puzzled me much

      Definitely not the nicest school, probably an only African American school, and the whites definitely had a different school with nicer materials.

    2. I feel my heart sink heavily as Ihear again and again, “Got a teacher? Yes.”

      No job opportunities, and I assume it had something to do with his race.

    1. We have no right tosit silently by while theinevitable seeds are sownfor a harvest of disasterto our children, black andwhite.

      I assume this was a quote to motivate other black people to fight for the rights of education for all children.

    1. For me, I don't have an issue, but there was one syntax situation I found awkward: I need to sometimes know whether it is a class or a module that I am modifying. So I may have code: module Foo module Bar class Baz versus: class Foo::Bar::Baz It's not a huge issue, but ruby would yield an error if I specify a class or module incorrectly (which can happen if you spread code out into different .rb files, so I understand why there is an error message shown, to avoid accidents). But I then also wondered why I have to care whether it is a module or class, if my primary goal is to modify something, such as by adding a method. If I want to add a method: def foobar; end then I really should never be required to have to know whether I am modifying a class or a module.
    1. "Surrendering" by Ocean Vuong

      1. He moved into United State when he was age of five. He first came to United State when he started kindergarten. Seven of them live in the apartment one bedroom and bathroom to share the whole. He learned ABC song and alphabet. He knows the ABC that he forgot the letter is M comes before N.

      2. He went to the library since he was on the recess. He was in the library hiding from the bully. The bully just came in the library doing the slight frame and soft voice in front of the kid where he sit. He left the library, he walked to the middle of the schoolyard started calling him the pansy and fairy. He knows the American flag that he recognize on the microphone against the backdrop.

    1. I'm curious: what is the reason for Yahoo discontinuing the "@ymail.com" domain?I'm aware that there's now a 2nd domain option available, "@myyahoo.com", and I recently took advantage of that to create a new address. But "@ymail.com" honestly looks more appealing to me than either of the "yahoo" iterations.
  6. Aug 2023
    1. I find the use of the term “session” within integration tests a bit unfortunate (open_session, etc), since there are also these session objects, which are however different. Maybe replace by “user_session” ?
    1. rendered.should have_selector("#header") do |header| header.should have_selector("ul.navlinks") end Both of which silently pass - however, capybara doesn't support a :content option (it should be :text), and it doesn't support passing blocks to have_selector (a common mistake from Webrat switchers).
  7. Jul 2023
    1. This release removes the built-in TextExpander support. If you rely on TextExpander, please use their new TextExpander keyboard for iOS.

      Fuck!

    1. a custom alarm, appliance, or doorbellYou can also set up iPhone to recognize a custom alarm, appliance, or doorbell if they aren’t recognized automatically.Go to Settings  > Accessibility > Sound Recognition > Sounds.Tap Custom Alarm or Custom Appliance or Doorbell, then enter a name.When your alarm, appliance, or doorbell is ready, place iPhone near the sound and minimize background noise.Tap Start Listening, then follow the onscreen instructions.
    1. One federal judge in the Northern District of Texas issued a standing order in late May after Schwartz’s situation was in headlines that anyone appearing before the court must either attest that “no portion of any filing will be drafted by generative artificial intelligence” or flag any language that was drafted by AI to be checked for accuracy. He wrote that while these “platforms are incredibly powerful and have many uses in the law,” briefings are not one of them as the platforms are “prone to hallucinations and bias” in their current states.

      Seems like this judge has a strong bias against the use of AI. I think this broad ban is too broad and unfair. Maybe they should ban spell check and every other tool that could make mistakes too? Ultimately, the humans using the tool shoudl be the ones responsible for checking the generaetd draft for accuracy and the ones to hold responsible for any mistakes; they shouldn't simply be forbidden from using the tool.

    2. New York-based startup DoNotPay created an AI-based way for people to contest traffic tickets—a user would wear smart glasses that would feed it information to say in court generated by AI—but before the creator could introduce it in court, he said he got threats from multiple bar associations about “unauthorized practice of law,”
    1. Wilhelm II. (England)

      Er regierte als Nachfolger seines Bruders, Wilhelm II., genannt William Rufus.

    1. There are two ways of establishing a chord–scale relationship for ii 7 –V 7 or ii≤57–V 7progressions: either select a mode that works for V7 or select a mode that works for ii7or (ii≤57). As shown in Figure 18.4, mm. 2–4 feature a descending sequence of incompleteII–Vs connecting the tonic on I with the predominant on IV. Each II–V progressionestablishes a chord–scale relationship with the corresponding dominant 7th. Notice that,in m. 2, the use of Mixolydian ≤13 fits the underlying context much better than the diatonicMixolydian mode. The tonic note F4 functions as the ≤13th of Mixolydian ≤13 and isretained as a common tone in mm. 1–2. The second A section (mm. 9–16) demonstratesa different approach to chord–scale theory. The selection of modes for the II–V pro-gression in Figure 18.4 is based on the quality of the predominant chord. Thus, inm. 10, Emin7(≤5)–A7 uses E Locrian, while in m. 11, Dmin7–G7 establishes a chord–scalerelationship with D Dorian, etc

      The bridge of “Confirmation” (mm. 17–24) features two four-bar phrases with ii7 –V7 tonicizations of the IV and ≤VI key areas. The chord–scale relationship for the bridge in Figure 18.4 includes a different selection of modes: Dorian, Mixolydian, and Ionian for Cmin7–F7–B≤Maj7, and Dorian, Altered, and Lydian for E≤min7–A≤7–D≤Maj7. Tonal and contextual considerations are particularly evident with the choice of Altered mode in m. 22, which accommodates notes from the tonic key and prepares the arrival of FMaj7 in m. 25. The last A section (mm. 25–32) features a much bolder selection of modes. The choices of A Altered in m. 26 and F Locrian in m. 28 are particularly poignant. The former injects chromatic notes into the structure of dominant 7th chord. The choice of F Locrian over Cmin7–F7 in m. 28 might seem out of place because neither chord (at least not in the present form) establishes a convincing relationship with this mode. But, the F Locrian mode forms a chord–scale relationship with F7(≤9≥9)sus, which is an effective harmonic substitution for Cmin7–F7. While the selection of modes in Figure 18.4 is overcrowded with different options, an improvisation may focus on only a few modes. In fact, each A section contains a selection of modes that could be implemented in the course of an entire solo. In establishing a successful chord–scale relationship for the tune, be mindful of three important con- siderations: (1) modal hierarchy, (2) chromatic treatment, and (3) voice leading. Chromatic modes, for instance, contain notes that might need preparation. This preparation usually takes place anywhere from one beat to one measure before the chromatic notes occur. The succession of modes in mm. 5–6—B≤ Mixolydian and D Mixolydian ≤13—illustrates such a case. The latter mode contains the chromatic ≤13th that was introduced as ≤7th of B≤7 in m. 5. “CONFIRMATION” 239

  8. Jun 2023
    1. With the exception of the blues, the rhythm changes progression is probably the mostimportant chord progression in jazz. The term “rhythm changes” refers to a 32-bar AABAform based on the harmonic structure of “I Got Rhythm” by George and Ira Gershwin.The song appeared in the Aarons and Freedley production Girl Crazy (1930) andoriginally featured a 34-bar AABA form with a two-bar extension in the last A section.The two-bar extension was eventually cut and the chord changes of the last A sectionreplicated those from the second A. A newly composed line based on the rhythm changesprogression is known as a contrafact. The enormous popularity of rhythm changes hasbeen well documented by an ever-increasing number of composed contrafacts andrecordings
    2. invertible potential of the guide tones.
    3. Guide-tone lines in the right hand (R.H.).• Roots of chords in the left hand (L.H.) in 1:1 ratio with the R.H.Figure 12.1 demonstrates Model I using the major and minor versions of the II–V–Iprogression. Notice that the R.H. explores the invertible potential of the guide tones
    4. Chapter 19 provides an analysis of Charlie Parker’s “Moose the Mooche” and Hank Jones’simprovised solo on the tune. This chapter also proposes a pedagogy of rhythm changesimprovisation.
    5. Chapter 6 investigates the most important progression in jazz—the II–V–I—and its twotonal variants: ii7–V7–Imaj7 and ii≤57–V7–i7. A discussion of guide tones, secondary dominant7ths, and diminished 7th chords and their subsequent voice-leading transformations furtheramplifies the importance of the progression
    1. I think we have a responsibility not only to ourselves, but also to each other, to our community, not to use Ruby only in the ways that are either implicitly or explicitly promoted to us, but to explore the fringes, and wrestle with new and experimental features and techniques, so that as many different perspectives as possible inform on the question of “is this good or not”.
    1. Morrison Robblee, 25, a middle school teacher in Massachusetts, resigned after facing antisemitic harassment by a 12-year-old student who allegedly made made hateful drawings, including a Hitler sketch, and gave him an insulting note.Courtesy of Morrison Robble

      the handwriting says:

      Dear Mr. Robblee<br /> I personally<br /> hate you and you weird.<br /> No cap, man bun!.<br /> So I switched.<br /> Telling a teacher<br /> I don’t appreciate you : )

    1. un allarme aereo

      Air raid sirens were a common occurrence in Monowitz from the summer of 1944. Air raids gave prisoners a chance to escape, to meet and speak to fellow prisoners, to steal food, to gain some respite from their labours and the torment of the Kapos. Some prisoners welcomed the air raids as a sign that the Third Reich was obviously nearing its end. The air raids also frightened their tormentors, the SS guards.

      There were large scale air attacks by the US Air Force against the I. G. Farben synthetic oil plant in Monowitz on 20 August, 3 September, 18 December and 26 December 1944, and on 19 January 1945, the day after the beginning of the evacuation of the camp. During the raid of 20 August, seventy-five prisoners were killed and a hundred and fifty injured; on 3 September, three hundred people, including SS and prisoners, were killed or injured. The high number of prisoner casualties was in part due to I. G. Farben employees forbidding prisoners to take cover in makeshift shelters.

      CM

      Subcamps of Auschwitz project

    2. Passò una SS in bicicletta

      This sentence suggests Sunday afternoon bicycle rides and walks with family in bourgeois pre-war Germany. Levi’s subsequent use of the SS man’s first name in the next sentence (‘È Rudi’) also suggests a relatively relaxed atmosphere, as if Levi sees a friend on that Sunday afternoon ride or walk.

      The picture painted of a quant Sunday afternoon bicycle ride is highly ironic. By 1943, Germany was struggling to keep its armed forces and economy operating. There was a serious lack of fuel for the vehicles of the Wehrmacht and the factories of the Third Reich. Resort was made to the use of the horse and bicycle for transport, wood gas for powering automobiles, and, above all, there was rationing. Synthetic oil production was seen as an alternative to overcome the lack of access to natural resources, including oil. I. G. Farben, the giant German chemical conglomerate, took the decision in 1941 to build a synthetic oil plant at the village of Monowitz, near Auschwitz, utilising the slave labour from the Auschwitz camps and the local abundance of coal and water. As the war progressed and the fuel shortage worsened, the importance of the synthetic oil plant at Auschwitz surged. This was visible in the increasing number of Auschwitz prisoners assigned to work at the I. G. Farben plant, and the creation of a Monowitz sub camp of Auschwitz in 1942 and, subsequently, an independent camp, Auschwitz III–Monowitz in 1943. By 1944, ten thousand Auschwitz prisoners were housed at the concentration camp Auschwitz III–Monowitz, working solely for I. G. Farben.

      ‘Rudi’ is riding his bike as there is little petrol for vehicles, even for the SS and the concentration camps, and even at the plant supposedly producing synthetic oil.

      CM

      Subcamps of Auschwitz project

    1. What's the structure of the URL of a shared link?https://chat.openai.com/share/<conversation-ID>

      I've never seen a website document something like this before... especially as part of a FAQ.

      How/why is this information helpful to people?

  9. May 2023
    1. Enabling "Detect Clipboard Content" can no longer cause continual permission prompts

      God bless.

      I suspect - assuming this is accurate about solving its issue - that Flexibits' work would help other app devs figure out how the fuck to correctly appease the OS about accessing the system clipboard.

  10. Apr 2023
    1. Raindrop also has an excellent browser extension that allows you to save a webpage to any of your link collections, tag it, mark it as a favorite, access highlights, set reminders, and even save multiple tabs simultaneously.

      Which can be triggered by perhaps the most reliable Safari Extension keyboard shortcut (on iOS/iPadOS) to date: ⌘⇧E.

    1. Sorry, I can't agree with you. If someone issues a second code, they should have two potential logins - one for each one they requested. Call me weird, but considering how cheap it is to store data, I'd rather keep around exactly what happened.
    1. If there are any date formats you regularly use that aren’t the default for Shortcuts, those are excellent choices for creating utility shortcuts.

      Hell yeah.

      I guess I could be mistaken, but I'm going to choose to interpret this as sublime validation for my "invention" and absolutely comprehensive implementation of DavodTime in the past 18 months or so.

    1. Eine neue Studie zeigt, das plötzliche Dürren, sogenannte flash droughts, in den vergangenen 20 Jahren zugenommen haben. Damit erhöht sich nicht nur die Zahl der Dürren, sondern auch ihr Charakter. Vor allem in den Tropen verdunstet in kurzer Zeit sehr viel Wasser aus dem Boden. Die Studie ergibt auch, dass sich dieser Prozess selbst bei einer moderaten weiteren Erhitzung der Erde fortsetzen wird. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/13/climate/flash-drought-warming.html

  11. Mar 2023
    1. “I Vitelloni,” Federico Fellini’s 1953 film about a group of young men on the brink of adulthood drifting about in a small Italian village, to George Lucas before he made “American Graffiti.”

      Tom Luddy introduced George Lucas to Federico Fellini's I Vitelloni before he made American Graffiti.

  12. Feb 2023
    1. Therefore, the stronger the wind, the longer it blows, and the larger the area of water over which it blows (the fetch), the larger the waves are likely to be.

      Lake Waves are called "Seiches." The impact of the whole Lake, depending on the intensity of the weather system, there can flooding on one end of the lake and dry conditions on the other.

    1. Approaching this project, I felt committed to writing a story that could stand on its own; a story that achieved the same things I want ANY of my stories to achieve; a story to which the response might be not, “I see what you did there”, but: “I loved this!”

      "I see what you did there" as a genre of writing is interesting for its cleverness, but many authors will prefer readers to love their work instead of admiring their cleverness in one part.

    1. https://web.archive.org/web//https://www.binnenlandsbestuur.nl/bestuur-en-organisatie/io-research/morele-vragen-rijksambtenaren-vaak-onvoldoende-opgevolgd

      #nieuw reden:: Verschillende soorten morele dilemma's volgens I&O bij (rijks)ambtenaren. Let wel, alleen rondom beleidsproces, niet om digitale / data dingen. #openvraag is er een kwalitatief verschil tussen die 2 soorten vragen, of zijn het verschillende verschijningsvormen van dezelfde vragen? Verhouden zich de vragen tot de 7 normen van openbaar bestuur? Waarom is dat niet de indeling dan? #2022/06/30

    1. Result of lots of searching on net is that pre-checkout hook in git is not implemented yet. The reason can be: There is no practical use. I do have a case It can be achieved by any other means. Please tell me how? Its too difficult to implement. I don't think this is a valid reason
  13. Jan 2023
    1. I do not care to include the epistemological status (claim, idea, quote etc) anymore as I was not actively searching for it and it was nebulous in practice, as you've found out.

      Sometimes collecting some sorts of data in one's notes (even, and particularly in digital notes) is not a useful practice as one eventually realizes that they remain unsearched and unused.

      One thing which may not come under this heading is the difference in what others say versus what you write yourself, especially as it relates to plagiarism.

  14. opentextbooks.library.arizona.edu opentextbooks.library.arizona.edu
    1. I have fallen short in many ways as I’ve worked towards the goals I have made in my life.

      It happened to me too, but as a young person, I understand that as a learning because my journey is still far from over.

    1. during Iron Age I, in the 12th–11thcenturies BCE, Ekron, which is located very near the Sorek Valley, was thedominant Philistine center, and the biblical tradition accordingly places thenarrative concerning the Philistines in that valley.

    Tags

    Annotators

  15. Dec 2022
    1. InAD 117, a great library was built there in honour of the Romansenator Celsus, who was buried in a mausoleum beneath it. Thisimpressive building housed 12,000 scrolls, making it the third largestcollection, after those of Alexandria and Pergamon.
    1. as long as you operate within theframework of the four principles I’m introducing now

      Thus far, Scheper has only been making the argument to do as I say because I know best. He's not laying out the reasons or affordances that justify this approach.

      In this second principle it's ostensibly just "the possibility of linking", but this was broadly done previously using subject headings or keywords along with indices and page numbers which are logically equivalent to these note card addresses.

    1. When configuring SMTP settings in an after_initialize block, the settings aren't picked up by ActionMailer. This leads to runtime errors, since ActionMailer tries the default settings.
    1. I have yet to see a Snapd or Flatpak build of Audacity that I'm happy with. Those builds are beyond our control as they are made by 3rd parties. I do find it mildly annoying that Flatpak direct users that have problems with their builds to us.

      annotation meta: may need new tag: the runaround?

  16. Nov 2022
    1. by using symbols as keys, you will be able to use the implicit conversion of a Mash via the #to_hash method to destructure (or splat) the contents of a Mash out to a block

      Eh? The example below:

      symbol_mash = SymbolizedMash.new(id: 123, name: 'Rey') symbol_mash.each do |key, value| # key is :id, then :name # value is 123, then 'Rey' end

      seems to imply that this is possible (and does an implicit conversion) because it defines to_hash. But that's simply not true, as these 2 examples below prove:

      ``` main > symbol_mash.class_eval { undef :to_hash } => nil

      main > symbol_mash.each {|k,v| p [k,v] } [:id, 123] [:name, "Rey"] => {:id=>123, :name=>Rey} ```

      ``` main > s = 'a' => a

      main > s.class_eval do def to_hash chars.zip(chars).to_h end end => :to_hash

      main > s.to_hash => {a=>a}

      main > s.each Traceback (most recent call last) (filtered by backtrace_cleaner; set Pry.config.clean_backtrace = false to see all frames): 1: (pry):85:in __pry__' NoMethodError: undefined methodeach' for "a":String ```

    1. I have DNS settings in my hosts file that are what resolve the visits to localhost, but also preserve the subdomain in the request (this latter point is important because Rails path helpers care which subdomain is being requested)
    2. I've developed additional perspective on this issue - I have DNS settings in my hosts file that are what resolve the visits to localhost, but also preserve the subdomain in the request (this latter point is important because Rails path helpers care which subdomain is being requested) To sum up the scope of the problem as it stands now - I need a way within Heroku/Capybara system tests to both route requests to localhost, but also maintain the subdomain information of the request. I've been able to accomplish one or the other, but haven't found a configuration that provides both yet.
    1. The Console now supports redeclaration of const statement, in addition to the existing let and class redeclarations. The inability to redeclare was a common annoyance for web developers who use the Console to experiment with new JavaScript code.
    1. Check the "Auto-open DevTools for popups".

      Without this feature, when a pop-up opens without DevTools open, if it redirects, it will be too late to open DevTools and see the redirect logged...

      There is still a problem though: If the pop-up window closes, so does that DevTools. So you can't see logs or network logs (redierects) that happened right before it closed...

    1. Why was the SIGSTOP-ed process not responding to SIGTERM? Why does the kernel keeps it in the same state? Why did it get killed the moment it received the SIGCONT signal? If it was because of the previous SIGTERM signal, where was it kept until the process resumed?
    1. I fail to understand how this is such a low priority. Code review is one of the most basic and critical portions of development lifecycle, and prior to discovery of this ticket I literally had to roll an entire other repository manager just to perform that correctly when I discovered entire directories of changes had been omitted from the Gitlab generated MR. We actually found that in order to get the change set fix to apply reliably, that it is required to add "?w=1" to the url even after updating the white space setting.
  17. Oct 2022
    1. I'd like rsync to create the source dir structure on the remote, when I'm only synching a file in a sub-dir. At the moment it seems I need to do this in 2 commands, e.g.. ssh <remote> mkdir -p /backup/var/spool/cron/crontabs rsync -vauz /var/spool/cron/crontabs <remote>:/backup/home/var/spool/cron/. Ideally, I'd like to be able to do this: rsync -Mvauz /var/spool/cron/crontabs <remote>:/backup/home/var/spool/cron/.
    1. I'd like rsync to create the source dir structure on the remote, when I'm only synching a file in a sub-dir. At the moment it seems I need to do this in 2 commands, e.g.. ssh <remote> mkdir -p /backup/var/spool/cron/crontabs rsync -vauz /var/spool/cron/crontabs <remote>:/backup/home/var/spool/cron/. Ideally, I'd like to be able to do this: rsync -Mvauz /var/spool/cron/crontabs <remote>:/backup/home/var/spool/cron/. ...where M (make parents) is a new option that tells mkdir to do 'mkdir -p' on the remote target dir.
  18. Sep 2022
    1. Some people eventually realize that the code quality is important, but they lack of the time to do it. This is the typical situation when you work under pressure or time constrains. It is hard to explain to you boss that you need another week to prepare your code when it is “already working”. So you ship the code anyway because you can not afford to spent one week more.
    1. I don't like the first syntax because then you have weird looking code due to all the leading whitespace, and you lose a lot of real estate.
    2. Aligning everything with however long the method name is makes every indention different. belongs_to :thing, class_name: 'ThisThing', foreign_key: :this_thing_id has_many :other_things, class_name: 'ThisOtherThing', foreign_key: :this_other_thing_id validates :field, presence: true Compared to the following, which all align nicely on the left. belongs_to :thing, class_name: 'ThisThing', foreign_key: :this_thing_id has_many :other_things, class_name: 'ThisOtherThing', foreign_key: :this_other_thing_id validates :field, presence: true
    1. Rename the existing default branch to the new name (main). The argument -m transfers all commit history to the new branch: git branch -m master main
    1. it's syntactically correct, but it will check that none parameters are valid, just because additionalProperties work at siblings level, and no enter inside of allOf

      JSON Schema: problem: can't use additionalProperties with allOf to make a union

    1. The discussion here can get very fast-paced. I am trying to periodically pause it to allow new folks, or people who don't have quite as much time, to catch up. Please feel free to comment requesting such a pause if you would like to contribute but are having trouble following it all.

      Why is it necessary to pause Can't new person post their question/comment even if it's in reply to comment #10 and the latest comment happens to be comment #56? There's no rule against replying/discussing something that is not the very latest thing to be posted in a discussion!

      Possibly due to lack of a threaded discussion feature in GitHub? I think so.

      Threads would allow replies to "quick person" A to go under their comment, without flooding the top level with comments... thus alowing "new person" B to post a new comment, which in so doing creates a new thread, which can have its own discussion.

    1. James I and James V of Scotland were accomplished poets. James VI (and I of England) wrote prose in the language and indeed continued to speak the language when he ascended to the thrones of Ireland and England.

      James I, James V of Scotland and James VI (and I of England) all spoke and wrote Scots.

    1. Good code is its own best documentation. As you’re about to add a comment, ask yourself, "How can I improve the code so that this comment isn’t needed?". Improve the code and then document it to make it even clearer.
    1. who will prove by actual resultstheir value to the community, I cannot but believe, I say,that this will constitute a solution to many of the presentpolitical and social diculties.

      While I understand that Washington could not see the future, and was perhaps simply being optimistic, he was wrong. No matter how strong capitalism is in influencing your respectability within society, it will never be enough to overcome racism as racism does not view things rationally. Furthermore, these industrial jobs are now looked down upon and any attempt by African-Americans to move into more respected jobs has faced resistance from upper class whites, largely due to their attempt to keep wealth concentrated within the hands of the 1% but also due to either conscious or subconscious racial biases about the ability of black people to work in jobs that are not trades.

    2. The home which she would then havebeen able to nd by the results of her work would haveenabled her to help her children to take a still moreresponsible position in life.

      Aka, since women are capable of having children they should forgo formal education in favor of housework so that they may one day better take care of their children who can then attempt to move up the socioeconomic ladder.

    3. I would set no limits to the attainments of the Negro inarts, in letters or statesmanship, but I believe the surestway to reach those ends is by laying the foundation in thelittle things of life that lie immediately about one’s door. Iplead for industrial education and development for theNegro not because I want to cramp him, but because Iwant to free him. I want to see him enter the all-powerfulbusiness and commercial world.

      Here Washington encourages readers to seek only the smallest amount of success and approval they can from the system in which they live, that they should not seek to change an unjust system but rather adapt to it and take the crumbs that are offered to them with nothing more than a "thank you."

    4. And just the same with theprofessional class which the race needs and must have, Iwould say give the men and women of that class, too, thetraining which will best t them to perform in the mostsuccessful manner the service which the race demands.

      He seems to view the status of a race of people as equivalent to how much work and capitol said race can contribute to the economy.

      "Internalized capitalism is this idea that our self-worth is directly linked to our productivity." - Professor Anders Hayden of Dalhousie University

    5. Without industrial development there can be nowealth; without wealth there can be no leisure; withoutleisure no opportunity for thoughtful reection and thecultivation of the higher arts.”

      He repeatedly seems to assert the idea that due to their current state in the economy at the time of this writing, black people should continue to work in jobs they hate in order to hopefully receive some semblance of relevance and respect in the capitalist system as controlled by middle and upper class whites. Here he claims that black people of the working class should not take time for themselves, should not focus on anything outside of work, and should not attempt to elevate their socioeconomic status. He views time off, rest, and activities outside of work as something that only the upper class should seek, and that black people of his day should continue to work lower paying jobs so that their future descendants may one day be a part of this oppressive upper class. All I see here is an awful case of internalized and externalized capitalism that seeks to further oppress people for things that are outside of their control.

    6. It is discouraging to nd agirl who can tell you the geographical location of anycountry on the globe and who does not know where toplace the dishes upon a common dinner table. It isdiscouraging to nd a woman who knows much abouttheoretical chemistry, and who cannot properly wash andiron a shirt.

      While practical life skills are important, I can't help but notice how long he goes on about his disappointment in black women for receiving liberal arts educations in comparison to how long he goes on about his disappointment in black men for the same.

    7. that all forms of labor are honorable,and all forms of idleness disgraceful.

      Washington seemed to have a very capitalist view of labor and the right of workers to have time free of said labor. Not surprising honestly.

    8. Our pathway must be up through the soil, up throughswamps, up through forests, up through the streams, therocks, through commerce, education, and religion.

      I think that this means Washington believes a little bit of struggle creates a well rounded person that is ready to work in the real world.

    9. They will give us an agricultural class, a class oftenants or small land owners, trained not awayfrom the soil, but in relation to the soil and inintelligent dependence upon its resources.

      I think this means that teaching a variety of skills will create a well-rounded student that is in tune with the resources and environment surrounding them.

    10. We opened a dairy department in connectionwith the school, where a number of young men couldhave instruction in the latest and most scientic methodsof dairy work.

      I think this shows that the Institute is always changing, trying to stay on top of the latest developments in the area so that their students are better prepared for the workforce.

    11. Iplead for industrial education and development for theNegro not because I want to cramp him, but because Iwant to free him.

      I think this means that Washington believes African Americans feel the need to seek higher education rather than stick with industrial education because they believe they owe it to their ancestors. They believe that they must take advantage of everything their ancestors were never offered.

    12. Ireceived a great many verbal messages and letters fromparents informing me that they wanted their childrentaught books, but not how to work.

      I can infer that parents wanted their students to learn more textbook academic education so that they could continue to further their academic knowledge rather than the more hands on learning they experienced.

    13. The industriesthat gave the South its power, prominence and wealthprior to the Civil War were mainly the raising of cotton,sugar cane, rice and tobacco.

      I think this means that African Americans ran the South even though they were not acknowledged for it.

    14. there was an absence of mental training in connectionwith the training of the hand.

      I think this means that African Americans were never given an opportunity for education, which kept them oppressed because they were never able to learn that they could do more than the physical labor forced upon them.

    15. wasamazed to nd that it was almost impossible to nd inthe whole country an educated colored man who couldteach the making of clothing.

      I can infer that it was so hard to find an educated colored man who could teach the making of clothing because making clothes was left up to the women. Tailoring and making clothes was part of the women's gender roles in the society.

    16. For two hundred and fty years, I believe the way for theredemption of the Negro was being prepared throughindustrial development.

      I think that this means it was a common belief among African Americans that if they learned how to perform the gritty/undesirable jobs, they would gain societal acceptance from slave owners. They might have thought that if they took on this work then the slave owners would be grateful for them and show them mercy, when they would truly take advantage of them instead.

    17. Negro men and womenwere educated in literature, in mathematics and in thesciences,

      I infer that there were far more educated black men and women than most history books and novels let on.

    18. To a large degree, though,this business contact with the Southern white man, andthe industrial training on the plantations, left the Negro atthe close of the war in possession of nearly all thecommon and skilled labor in the South.

      I can infer that at the time of slave freedom the slaves were far more skilled in working than the white slaveowners which put them at an advantage for many industrial jobs.

    19. In a certain wayevery slave plantation in the South was an industrialschool.

      I can infer that slaves had to teach themselves the skills that they used while working for the white men. The slave owners did not teach them the skills used but instead expected them to figure them out on their own.

    20. I believe the way for theredemption of the Negro was being prepared throughindustrial development.

      I can infer Washington believes to a certain extent that African Americans should participate in working jobs at the industrial development level in order to gain societal approval in a sense.

  19. moodle.lynchburg.edu moodle.lynchburg.edu
    1. I rode to Nashville in the Jim Crow car

      I think this means that Jim Crow was in control of everything, all colored people's fates were driven by the Jim Crow laws (racial segregation).

    2. hill and dale, and Life and Death.

      I think ... Hill (where the white people resided) = Life Dale (where the black people resided) = Death

    3. And lo! the cabin in the hollow hadclimbed the hill and swollen to a half-finished six-room cottage.

      I think this means that the Burkes got the seventy-five acres that everyone believed would go to someone white, so Du Bois is excited.

    4. Progress

      I think Progress means industrialization.

    5. and slept—and sleeps

      I think this means that this is the moment Josie passed away.

    6. Josie grew thin and silent, yet worked the more.

      I think that this means Josie kept working despite it being bad for her health because she saw it as a duty and not a passion.

    7. from the sight of the Veil that hung between us and Opportunity.

      I think that the Veil refers to a barrier and Opportunity refers to equality between white and black people.

    8. I trembled when I heard the patterof little feet down the dusty road, and saw the growing row of dark solemn faces and bright eagereyes facing me.

      I think this shows that Du Bois has a real passion for teaching others, one could probably consider it his way of leadership.

    9. for their knowledge of theirown ignorance.

      I think this means that they had the knowledge of experiences, but ignorance in regards to education that could shine a light on their oppression.

    10. I feel my heart sink heavily as Ihear again and again, “Got a teacher? Yes.”

      I think this means that Du Bois had trouble finding himself somewhere to teach, which was very discouraging.

    11. I was a Fisk student then, and allFisk men thought that Tennessee—beyond the Veil—was theirs alone,

      I think this means that Du Bois was a student at Fisk University, a historically black university.

    12. Thehill became steep

      The hill was a barrier and symbolized the hump that black people had to get them self over to be successful but few were able to climb the hill and get to the other side.

    13. “Oh,” thought I, “this is lucky”; but even then fell the awful shadow of the Veil, for they ate first,then I—alone

      The author is a black man so he must eat second to the white folk

    14. white teachers inthe morning, Negroes at night.

      Making it clear that this is in a place with racism present.

    15. Then I came to the Burkes’ gate and peeredthrough; the enclosure looked rough and untrimmed, and yet there were the same fences aroundthe old farm save to the left, where lay twenty-five other acres.

      I can infer that the author was happy to see that nothing had changed at the Burkes' house because it made him feel at home.

    16. In its place stood Progress; and Progress, I understand, isnecessarily ugly.

      I can infer that the author does not like seeing changes made to the places he's spent a lot of time at in the past. I think it makes him feel like the memories are being taken away as well.

    17. Josie grew thin and silent, yet worked the more.

      I can infer that Josie kept working even when she was thin and sick because she wanted to continue helping provide for her family in addition to her goal of obtaining higher education one day.

    18. I remember the day I rode horseback out to the commissioner’s housewith a pleasant young white fellow who wanted the white school.

      I can infer by the wording of this statement that the author is likely a black man himself.

    19. Josie told me of it; shewas a thin, homely girl of twenty, with a dark-brown face and thick, hard hair.

      I can infer based on the author's description that Josie is a young black girl.

    20. I was a Fisk student then, and allFisk men thought that Tennessee—beyond the Veil—was theirs alone,

      I can infer that the author lives in a small country town.

    1. The South ought to be led, by candid and honest criticism, to asserther better self and do her full duty to the race she has cruelly wrongedand is still wronging. The North—her co-partner in guilt—cannotsalve her conscience by plastering it with gold

      I think this means that the North and South, despite and because of both of their histories, must work equally towards the solution.

    2. for a few such institutions throughout the South to train the best of theNegro youth as teachers, professional men, and leaders.

      I think this means that society doesn't just need African American laborers, but they also need educated African American leaders in different areas (i.e. teachers and professional men).

    3. First, political power,Second, insistence on civil rights,Third, higher education of Negro youth,—and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, and accu-mulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South.

      I think this means that in order to progress and advance, we must know when we have to take a step back or pause from our perusal.