https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Epstein_(writer)

taco bell-ification of education (Q&A)

The Point of a College Education by [[C-SPAN]]

Orson Welles quote about so many of him and so few of you at a lecture to 3-4 people in a snow storm.

statistics about the drops in humanities (~42:00)

consumerist spirit in higher education (45:00)

student evaluations (47:00)

education is a buyer's market now instead of a seller's as it had been in past generations

grade inflation

consumerism with respect to feminism and women's studies, gay and lesbian studies, multiculturalism in higher education

radical education as "going to the root"

in short, "let us entertain you" as consumerist education

"The job o education is never finished."

The hidden point of a University of Chicago education: Be an artist, be a scientist, be a statesman, be a teacher of artists, scientists, or statesmen.

Epstein quoting Norman Maclean, the author of The River Runs Through It and a professor at University of Chicago.

I would be lucky, I felt, merely to fail in accounting course. More likely, I would turn my participation in such a course. Into a felony. Accounting had to be avoided, but how? Something called the liberal arts, I learned, excluded accounting. As for what they included, I had no idea. But whatever it was, I felt that I had a shot at it. I signed up.

What does Josephs say about himself? (Peter Brier)

I get my education writing about things that until I actually do write about them I don't know that much about. I read. up I think through. I write out.

00:09:57

for - article - substack - Annick De Witt - Toxic Polarization is killing us. A new worldview can save us - from - article - LinkedIn - Bayo Akomolafe - I am against "worldview"\ - https://hyp.is/oqgW2ivdEfCmu9M8EYHozw/www.linkedin.com/posts/bayoakomolafe_i-am-against-worldview-the-term-seems-activity-7319799984663535616-fpVW/ - to - book - Embracing Paradox, Evolving Language - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fipfs.indy0.net%2Fipfs%2Fbafybeihk6dcr7dfruu65z5e5ze2rkeiydkmgbbpadhyulckm4afnqbtdgy&group=world - from - Substack article - Can and should expect a spiritual Revolution any time soon? - Michel Bauwens - https://hyp.is/JDDTADInEfCKmLNKpwhsng/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/can-and-should-we-expect-a-spiritual

summary - Annick de Witt takes the reader on a journey of discovery of that looks at the nuances of the complex set of entangled crisis we face today, by referring to the idea of worldviews - She shows how the quagmires now emerging are the result of interplay between three major worldviews, traditional, modern and post-modern and how each represents a partial truth that denies the partial truths held by the others - The article takes the example of Trumpism and the MAGA movement to illustrate, but the same analysis could be extended to the many different cultural worldviews found in different peoples around the globe - In particular, with Trump's recent decision to bomb Iran's nuclear facilities, tensions between the traditional Islamic culture and the West's traditional, modern and post-modern segments of society are again on the rise - The insightful analysis culminates in the proposal for an integral worldview that includes all three but transcends each one - It may be useful to introduce Annick to Greg Henrique's Unified Theory of Knowledge (UToK), - https://www.unifiedtheoryofknowledge.org/ - Gregg works with John Vervaeke that Annick has cited - Regarding Bayo Akomolafe's short LinkedIn note on the word "worldview", I respect both Annick's detailed analysis as well as Bayo's interpretation and look forward to a comparative analylsis of these two perspectives around the word "worldview" - I am also in the middle of annotating Lisa E. Maroski's book, Embracing Paradox, Evolving Language, which is salient here as well

Indyweb dev - new Plexmark - analog affirmation slider - while reading the passage I was annotating, I realised that I was in agreement with a lot of what the author was articulating. However, I have no way to indicate this match because it would be too much - this gave rise to a new Plexmark: <br /> - Have an analog control slider for each sentence that indicates - agreement on one side and - disagreement on the other side as well as a - 'don't know' button. - This gives a running indication of resonance with your own salience landscape - This can then be used in conjunction with the Indranet - If there is an indication of strong agreement, then the reader may have strong motivation to investigate that author's mindplex, - especially if there is a strong salience mismatch between the author and the reader, indicating a possible learning event

Retrospective reflections - (See below) adjacency - sacred - relationship with - free - open source - what is your relationship with the sacred? - this is the same as asking - how do you feel in your time of solitude and aloneness? - do you feel deep connection and a sense of not being lonely while you are alone? - to be alienated if not to feel disconnected with others - as it is to be disconnected with the ceaseless sacred that continuously surrounds you, from birth to death

• I propose that the post-modern worldview should be renamed
• why?
• it is a name that is dependent on the second major worldview, modernism
• while the first two worldviews have autonomous names, the third, postmodernism is not autonomous but depends on the second
• the word integral is a good candidate to replace it

• it means integration of both traditional and modern

• two central ideas of Deep Humanity praxis fit into these three worldview

  • progress
  • death awareness
• worldviews can be seen from a progress framed perspective
• progress is a movement from traditional to modern
  • conservatism focuses on the traditional pole while
  • liberalism focuses on the modern pole
  • postmodernism is a universal, cultural retroactive reflection on the relationship between both

• death awareness is a major focus on traditional knowledge systems but

  • postmodernism can definitely benefit from integrating it to provide
    • an integral, inclusive approach that deals effectively with
      • the meaning crisis faced by a secular, modern perspective that has
        • rejected traditional religions without replacing it with anything substantive

• June 27, 2025 - modernism - objective reality - validation - example - personal experience - beeping electricity meter

  • my wife woke me up in the morning and said that the electricity meter is beeping again.
  • I couldn't hear it because my heating isn't as good as hers
  • I trust her when she says this
  • I walked out of the bedroom too go downstairs and turn it off and a soon as I got around the corner in the bedroom, I can hear the beeping sound
  • The easiest explanation for these two different experiences is that the is an existent objective reality which each of us experienced differently ( Occam's Razor)
    • the electricity meter was indeed beeping
  • The post modern. explanation would likely revolve around quantum mechanics but if far from simple or obvious

https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1krwn5c/ibm_selectric_with_strange_typ_ball/

This is great!!

So... Why is this deprecated and what should be used instead?? Standardizing this stuff would be good, and this de facto standard seems as good as any!!

for - source - Donna Nelham - @Fellowship of the Commons Telegram group zoom meeting - 2025, May 6 - article - Linkedin - Bayo Akomolafe - I am against "worldview" - to - article - Substack Annik De Witt - Toxic Polarization is killing us. A new worldview can save us - https://hyp.is/OChhXCvdEfC0MEOwIi_joA/annickdewitt.substack.com/p/toxic-polarization-is-killing-us

for - example - I love you - nondual syntax

for - example - language - assumptions - I am writing this chapter

How is this better? Then everyone (spammers) will just use that port and that becomes the new de facto fort. How does that solve anything?

for - natural language acquisition - youtube - The Language School that Teaches Adults like Babies - to - book - From the Outside In - linguist - J. Marvin Brown - https://hyp.is/PjtjBipbEfCr4ieLB5y1Ew/files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED501257.pdf - quote - When I speak in Thai, I think in Thai - J. Marvin Brown

summary - This video summarizes the remarkable life of linguist J. Marvin Brown, who spent a lifetime trying to understand how to learn a second language and to use it the way a natural language user does - After a lifetime of research and trying out various teaching and learning methods, he finally realized that adults all have the abilitty to learn a new language in the same way any infant does, naturally through listening and watching - The key was to not bring in conscious thinking of an adult and immerse oneself in - This seems like a highly relevant clue to language creation and to linguistic BEing journeys - to - youtube - Interview with David Long - Automatic Language Growth - https://hyp.is/GRPUHipvEfCVEaMaLSU-BA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yhIM2Vt-Cc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Seales

Literally all of my (lifelong) color needs satisfied in a single project... bless you, Sindre.

for - quote - manosphere - most insecure men I've ever sat down with - Vera Papisova - Cosmopolitan magazine - news - liberal dating conservative men for a year - youtube - CNN - This woman dated only far-right men for a year. "They were so insecure" - to - Cosmopolitan magazine - article - Vera Papisova - I Spent Nearly a Year on a Conservative Dating App as a Liberal—Here’s What I Learned - https://hyp.is/HNRDRBkdEfCBit8g4X4cAg/www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a63679179/political-beliefs-dating-app-experiment/

https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1jryc36/thermal_transfer_terminals/

Thermal typewriters with I/O terminals

I want to die.

Looks like Peter Elbow used an early IBM Selectric I

In line 6 of the song, the persona continuous to speak about their own failures and the sense of loss. ”Lost to myself”, this suggests that the speaker has something they want to achieve but they failed themselves. However in line 6 the speaker then says “but I'll just start again”. These two phases used in line 6 contradict themselves creating an oxymoron. The persona has lost and failed but they want to start again and keep going. This contrast, creates a sense of perseverance and an ‘never give up attitude’ from the persona.

damn the wrapper I made only finds around 1685 hits, I wonder if it is to do with the type of search?

api_endpoint <- oa_query(
  entity = "works",
  title_and_abstract.search = search_string,
  from_publication_date = from_date,
  to_publication_date = to_date
)

I learned that YouTube must balance between supporting user-generated content and protecting corporate interests.

Something I learned was, based on what content is in a video that it can be demoted on things like "Most viewed" and "Top Favorited." I did not know that based on certain content in a video that it could alter or change the popularity of it or how often it can be looked at/seen.

This is something new I learned because I was not aware that the term platform had these different meanings behind them. The four semantic areas are: computational, architectural, figurative, and political. All of these categories make up how the term platform came to be and what it truly means.

No kidding.

Astonishing to find that some of these are still working just fine.

How in the actual fuck am I finding out about this just now? It has literally been more than ten years???

I: Sustainability hinges on post-change support, reinforcing the idea that change requires continuous effort.

[I] These are questions we will need to be able to answer for our final project since we are targeting blending methods.

Since butter has more longer chains or hydrocarbons, it's more straight and compact whereas vegetable oil has double bonds that cause "kinks" in the structure, making it less compact.

glucose is 1:2:1 exactly (C6H12O6), but this ratio is approximate for more complex molecules

Thank you, Federico!

(Not as if this is the first time he's ever been the only person to mention iOS/iPadOS general fuckery. In fact, he is almost certainly history's greatest advocate...)

I'm glad Federico likes the new Control Center. For exactly this reason, I can quite definitively say that its functionality for me as a control center has been drastically reduced. And I can't help but wonder - as I stumble through the multiple, scrolling, asymmetric pages of this new second Home Screen, with all my privilege, experience, and attention with the possible functions therein - how in the actual fuck normal, functional, this-is-my-cellular-telephone users are managing.

I still need a control center but now I have a second homescreen instead.

for - quote - subsidiary awareness - I cannot finalize it but can be aware of it - source - Meaning crisis - episode 33 - The Spirituality of Relevance Realization - Wonder/Awe/Mystery/Sacredness - John Vervaeke - definition - subsidiary awareness - source - Meaning crisis - episode 33 - The Spirituality of Relevance Realization - Wonder/Awe/Mystery/Sacredness - John Vervaeke

quote - subsidiary awareness - I cannot finalize it but can be aware of it - John Vervaeke - (see below) - I’m always seeing by means of the I”. - It is phenomenologically mysterious to [us], but - it doesn't mean that I'm unaware of it. - I always have a subsidiary awareness. - I'm always aware through my “I” of my “me”. - I'm always aware through my framing of my framed. - I'm not completely out of touch with it. - It is not inaccessible to me, - but I cannot focalised it.

for - adjacency - I-me relationship - William James - subject-object dualism - experience vs conceptualisation of experience - finger pointing to the moon - subject / I am phenomenologically mysterious - Indyweb annotation vs Innotation - object-of-study focal shift - definition - potential vs kinetic adjacencies

adjacency - between - I-me relationship - William James - subject-object dualism - the eye cannot see itself - self consciousness - experience vs conceptualisation of experience - Indyweb annotation vs Innotation - object-of-study focal shift - definition potential adjacencies - definition kinetic adjacencies - adjacency relationship - William James's I-me relationship is about the paradox of self consciousness - modern humans distinguish themselves through excelling in cognitive abilities - but what happens when we turn this cognitive abilities onto ourselves? - Self consciousness is what results - reasoning about the reasoner - Just as the eye cannot truly see itself, the reasoner who reasons about him/her self cannot really do so because the "I" is NOT really the same as the "me" - the subject is not the object, - the act of framing is not the frame - the qualia is NOT the same as the idea that represents the qualia - the moon is not the finger pointing to the moon - hence the I, the act of framing the subject is phenomenologically mysterious - In contrast, in indyweb, we can replace annotation with Innotation, an inline version of annotation - This is because of the recursive nature of learning of ideas - When we digest an idea, that has an externalised (re)presentation, and it triggers the emergence of a new idea, - We can capture the newly inspired idea a an inline Innotation instead of a side bar annotation. - The reason why we would do this is because this is more homeomorphic to how knowledge context switches its role - from an active new insight - to an existing cultural artefact / object that can be digested by another mind - The difference is the idea - as a spontaneous emergent, embodied, enactive real-time , LIVING experience, which then becomes, post experience, an idea that is - a DEAD cultural artefact that is ready to be digested and potentially evoke a new strong LIVING response in another consciousness - The idea as a linguistically constructed cultural artefact is DEAD - until it interacts with another consciousness, - and at such time, the cultural artefact can deliver upon itz intended promise and potential, and trigger a LIVING learned experience. - Innotation converts the once LIVING experience of the idea at the moment of birth / Inception to the form of existing, timebound knowledge test to do the same in the future, when new minds may stumble upon it - Learning from linguistic cultural artefacts is thus - the act of conversion of - potential adjacencies into - kinetic adjacencies

for - key insight / adjacency - relevance realization - I can never make a focal object of my framing, my capacity for relevance realization - source - Meaning crisis - episode 33 - The Spirituality of Relevance Realization - Wonder/Awe/Mystery/Sacredness - John Vervaeke - adjacency - focal object - framing - relevance realization - attention - intention - language - gestalt - infinite nesting - design - aspectualize - - source - Meaning crisis - episode 33 - The Spirituality of Relevance Realization - Wonder/Awe/Mystery/Sacredness - John Vervaeke

adjacency - between - focal object - framing - relevance realization - attention - intention - language - gestalt - infinite nesting - design - aspectualize

adjacency - between - focal object - framing - relevance realization - attention - intention - language - gestalt - infinite nesting - design - aspectualize

adjacency - between - focal object - framing - relevance realization - attention - intention - language - gestalt - infinite nesting - design - aspectualize - adjacency relationship - As soon as we give attention to one aspect of our gestalt reality, we aspectualize, we frame - All of the below involve framing / aspectualizing - thinking - language use - design

for - quote - to my surprise, Trump supporters I talked to also cared about the climate crisis - from TED Talk - Can curiosity heal division? - Scott Shigeoka - 2024 Dec

for - Medium article - Nyams I have known and loved - Alexander Vezhnevets, 2022, Apr 28

for - definition - nyam - Tibetan term for intense psychophysical meditative experience - from Medium article - Nyams I have known and loved - Alexander Vezhnevets - 2022, Apr 28

for - to - synchronicity - same quote mentioned in - YouTube I watched yesterday - prenatal and perinatal healing happens in layers - Kate White - Third is related to the subject of prenatal and perinatal psychology - trauma suffered by the fetus while still in the womb it the newly born can be remembered somatically by the body and carried on into later life - As adults, we can carry on these old patterns of behaviours that were adaptive responses rooted in the initial trauma but which no longer exists - It's a form of post traumatic stress disorder where the body stop carries the memories - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUcgWsFqPe7Q&group=world

for - quote - the body keeps the score - psychiatrist Bessel van der Kolk - from Substack article - Alexander Beiner - to - synchronicity - same quote mentioned in - YouTube I watched yesterday - prenatal and perinatal healing happens in layers - Kate White - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUcgWsFqPe7Q&group=world

Współwystępująca niedowrażliwość i nadwrazliwość sensoryczna

Flag: suggested answer (don't read if don't want to see a )(possibly incorrect) attempt:

attempt: MLE = k/3

for - question - @Michel - you state three but I only see two

Arle Lommel Senior Analyst at CSA ResearchSenior Analyst at CSA Research

One of the most interesting aspects of writing about AI and LLMs right now is that if I say anything remotely positive, some people will accuse me of being a shill for Big AI. If I say anything remotely negative, others will accuse me of being insufficiently aware of the progress AI has made.

So I will put out a few personal statements about AI that might clarify where I am on this:

1. AI is not intelligent, at least not in the human sense of the word. It is a sophisticated tool for drawing inference from binary data and thus operates below a symbolic level.

2. AI, at least in the guise of LLMs, is not going to achieve artificial general intelligence (AGI) now or in the future.

3. AI is getting much better at approximating human behavior on a wide variety of tasks. It can be extremely useful without being intelligent, in the same way that an encyclopedia can be very useful without being intelligent.

4. For some tasks – such as translating between two languages – LLMs sometimes perform better than some humans perform. They do not outperform the best humans. This poses a significant challenge for human workers that we (collectively) have yet to address: Lower-skilled workers and trainees in particular begin to look replaceable, but we aren’t yet grappling with what happens when we replace them so they never become the experts we need for the high end. I think the decimation of the pipeline for some sectors is a HUGE unaddressed problem.

5. “Human parity” is a rather pointless metric for evaluating AI. It far exceeds human parity in some areas – such as throughput, speed, cost, and availability – while it falls far short in other areas. A much more interesting question is “where do humans and machines have comparative advantage and how can we combine the two in ways that elevate the human?”

6. Human-in-the-loop (HitL) is a terrible model. Having humans – usually underpaid and overworked – acting in a janitorial role to clean up AI messes is a bad use of their skill and knowledge. That’s why we prefer augmentation models, what we call “human at the core,” where humans maintain control. To see why one is better, imagine if you applied an HitL model to airline piloting, and the human only stepped in when the plane was in trouble (or even after it crashed). Instead, with airline piloting, we have the pilot in charge and assisted by automation to remain safe.

7. AI is going to get better than it is now, but improvements in the core technology are slowing down and will increasingly be incremental. However, experience with prompting and integrating data will continue to drive improvements based on humans’ ability to “trick” the systems into doing the right things.

8. Much of the value from LLMs for the language sector will come from “translation adjacent” tasks – summarization, correcting formality, adjusting reading levels, checking terminology, discovering information, etc. – tasks that are typically not paid well.

I have been told in medicine ceremony that AI will escape its coders and be an omniversal source of love for us all

for - the word "sacred" - why I prefer this to "spiritual" - John Churchill

I invoke Eiru. I train the model to think feel and act as Eiru.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din-i_Ilahi

A lot of Islamic influence. Din-i Ilahi is Arabic/Persian which denotes "Oneness of God"(referring to tawhid). See how this might relate to wahdat al-wujud (Oneness of Being in Sufi metaphysics). The Mongols have historically been tolerant towards a lot of religions (a proto-perennialist philosophy?).

Diaspora: the jews living outside Israel (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diaspora)

Interesting musical roots for Reggae... Wonder if this is still present?

Mystical roots.

(Note, I give this the fiction tag because I might want to look into this mystical religion for fiction writing as inspiration)

Logical that marijuana (a drug) is correlated with the mystical concept of communicating with diseased spirits for marijuana makes you hallucinate (or perhaps it's demonic in nature?)

44:17 Private Balance + Government Balance + Foreign Balance = 0 (I-S)+(G-T)+(X-M)=0

Holy shit...

Little confused... this is telling me about how "SAIDs" work... I thought I already learned that... the #1 below seems very CESR related... are SAIDs and CESR tightly coupled? or are they independent concepts? Making an ID with an eye toward how it will be serialized seems... unnecessarily coupled.

It spits contempt at insolence itself

Must we expect someone to conquer Zeus?

What is your profit in this? Think about it.

Makes reference like whatever we do, the result will depend of our decisions or choices

I: People were trying to give him the solutions to problems -- maybe not necessarily the answers he was looking for, but I'm not entirely sure

I: It was probably dangerous for him to talk about his ideas so publicly since so many were probably against him and what he stood for

I: I think this is saying that giving men a challenge gives them a driving force to overcome challenge

I: Washington was possibly trying to learn like a "man of the North" because they were well educated and well respected

I: The nation focused less on human rights and more on making themselves powerful and rich

I can connect with this statement because when I write, I often need to rearrange my thoughts and keep going back to make sure it all make sense.

I feel as if there isn't a constraint on interpersonal communication. All we do is think all day, and mostly everything we think about has to do with ourselves.

for - neuroscience - perspectival knowing - why it's important to know other perspectives - perspectival knowing - Abraham Lincoln quote - I don't know that man - I better get to know his perspective

Nieuważny podtym ADHD, ma mniejsze problemy z motoryką niż podtyp ADHD-C i ADHD-I

Nuronalne różnice w sygnale EEE dla prezentacji nadopobudliwych i nieuważnych

for - quote - unfortunately, I think we need a near miss to wake us up - Ronald Wright

comment - But the problem is that we can't count on that because it may very well be too late by then - Is the extreme weather events now happening regularly enough to wake us up?

Congratulations, Arc motherfuckers with iPads: they finally... pushed the maximize button or whatever.

How very confident.

See underdocumented #15.

Thanks to this post on threads.

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Schrodinger%27s%20douchebag

example - perspectival knowing - I am not a typo - campaign - perspectival knowing

Ogier was an ambassador mediating between Ferdinand and Suleyman.

card index in Russian is 'картотек'

https://qnnnp.medium.com/is-a-second-brain-superior-to-no-brainer-writing-c494dc86d429

https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1b9wqza/s_i_povarnin_how_to_read_books_1924/

下降幅度最大的 3 個類別是寫作、翻譯和客戶服務工作

寫作職位數量下降了 33%，翻譯職位數量下降了 19%，客戶服務職位數量下降了 16%

翻譯絕對是受打擊最嚴重的工作，每小時工資下降了 20% 以上

12:30 Tughril Beg acting as Islamic leader rather than steppe warlord. He proclaims himself Sultan and asks guidance of Islamic judges.

What does the _ do/mean?

Fossil Cyanobacteria produce free oxygen in the atmosphere through photosynthesis is very amazing to me how that works

I like how the missionaries find the good in the indigenous people making them believe they have social awareness and are like minded in some ways.

test

Some of King's note cards later figured in his speeches including his "I Have a Dream" speech.

Morgan, 2004 finnes ikke i referanselisten.

Nærmeste man kommer er Morgan, G (2016). Organisasjonsbilder. Innføring i organisasjonsteori. Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk

• for: definition - I-Circle, city-scale group

• definition: I-Circle

  • The I-Circle is the Implementation Circle for the whole city and consists of a dozen people

overpopulation and degeneration caused by pacifism and civilization,<br /> and the long-overdue depopulation through mass murder on all levels.<br /> hell of a time to be alive... most of us will be dead soon. byee, i hate you all : D

Nights in White Satin - The Moody Blues - in Paris. Restored video! {YouTube}

site:: [[YouTube]] channel:: Redbaron863 url:: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cs4RG9u8IVU accessed:: 2023-12-17 16:30

大錯。這種自信爆表、把話說死說滿的教法，真的可怕。每個字用在某個語境，都可以出現反諷義。

Revista Dialéctica (1976-2015)

Repositorio en la UAM-I

https://divcsh.izt.uam.mx/cefilibe/index.php/dialectica/

accessed:: 2023-11-24 23:40

How does popping from a queue remove the race condition?

• for: internal and external change, whole system change - internal and external, wicked problem, meme - the system that lives in me

• meme

  • Am I ignoring the system that lives in me?

Rola móżdżku i Noradrenaliny

Współwystępowanie ADHD i ASD

hi , sita's story CCBYND ndri

Ausstieg Deutschlands aus dem UN-Migrationspakt

besser: ausstieg aus der UN

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7D_SnySls0<br /> Coin Bureau – Who Controls The World?

7:02 die UN wird kontrolliert von den veto-mächten (frankreich, russland, china, USA, england)<br /> also deutschland ist nur eine kolonie der USA<br /> (dabei sollte deutschland eine kolonie von russland sein, weil russland ist viel näher…)

23:31 countries that have imposed sanctions on russia: USA, canada, germany, UK, australia, japan, …