10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2022
    1. Berners-Lee originally expressed his vision of the Semantic Web in 1999 as follows: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A "Semantic Web", which makes this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The "intelligent agents" people have touted for ages will finally materialize.[9] The 2001 Scientific American article by Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassila described an expected evolution of the existing Web to a Semantic Web.[10] In 2006, Berners-Lee and colleagues stated that: "This simple idea…remains largely unrealized".[11]
      • MY DREAM TOO!
  2. Oct 2022
    1. Turner's sectionalism essays are collected in The Significance of Sections in American History, which won the Pulitzer Prize in History in 1933. Turner's sectionalism thesis had almost as much influence among historians as his frontier thesis, but never became widely known to the general public as did the frontier thesis. He argued that different ethnocultural groups had distinct settlement patterns, and this revealed itself in politics, economics and society.

      Was sectionalism discussed or mentioned in Colin Woodard's American Nations (2011) as part of an underlying piece of his thesis about American history? It seems applicable.

    2. Turner was never comfortable at Harvard; when he retired in 1922 he became a visiting scholar at the Huntington Library in Los Angeles, where his note cards and files continued to accumulate, although few monographs got published. His The Frontier in American History (1920) was a collection of older essays.

      Where did Turner's note cards and files end up? Are they housed at the Huntington Library? What other evidence or indication is there that this was an extensive zettelkasten practice here?

    1. The itako and ichiko are blind women who train to become spiritual mediums, traditionally in Japan's northern Tohoku region.[372] Itako train under other itako from childhood, memorialising sacred texts and prayers, fasting, and undertaking acts of severe asceticism, through which they are believed to cultivate supernatural powers.[372] In an initiation ceremony, a kami is believed to possess the young woman, and the two are then ritually "married". After this, the kami becomes her tutelary spirit and she will henceforth be able to call upon it, and a range of other spirits, in the future.

      delphic

    2. Some individuals visit the shrines daily, often on their morning route to work;[254] they typically take only a few minutes.[254] Usually, a worshipper will approach the honden, placing a monetary offering in a box and then ringing a bell to call the kami's attention.

      this is too good to be true

    1. Note that while Einstein's 1905 paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies appears to reference the experiment on first glance—"together with the unsuccessful attempts to discover any motion of the earth relatively to the 'light medium,' suggest that the phenomena of electrodynamics as well as of mechanics possess no properties corresponding to the idea of absolute rest"—it has been shown that Einstein was referring to a different category of experiments here.
      • CUALES?
    1. The statement "There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement" has been widely misattributed to Kelvin since the 1980s, either without citation or stating that it was made in an address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1900).[98] There is no evidence that Kelvin said this,[99][100] and the quote is instead a paraphrase of Albert A. Michelson, who in 1894 stated: "… it seems probable that most of the grand underlying principles have been firmly established … An eminent physicist remarked that the future truths of physical science are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals."[100] Similar statements were given earlier by others, such as Philipp von Jolly.[101] The attribution to Kelvin giving an address in 1900 is presumably a confusion with his "Two clouds" speech, delivered to the Royal Institution in 1900 (see above), and which on the contrary pointed out areas that would subsequently see revolutions.
    1. Schopenhauer's analysis holds that Kant misused argument by analogy to connect abstract reasoning to empirical perception

      but schopenhauer seems to baselessly analogize the will of the experiencer to his phenomenal body (the only phenomenal thing he can truly know about). i don't think those two things need to be analogues

    1. In order to maintain their purity following initiation and ritual, Orphics attempted to live an ascetic life free of spiritual contamination, most notably by adhering to a strict vegetarian diet that also excluded broad beans.

      clearly plato was not orphic in this strict sense but definitely see the telestic throughlines

    1. Joseph Frank "Buster" Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966)[1] was an American actor, comedian and filmmaker.[2] He is best known for his silent film work, in which his trademark was physical comedy accompanied by a stoic, deadpan expression that earned him the nickname "The Great Stone Face"

      Buster Keaton

    1. Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one– and preferably only one –obvious way to do it.[a] Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than right now.[b] If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea – let's do more of those!
    1. A classical prediction of the intensities of the output beams for the same beam splitter and identical coherent input

      can we do that experiment then on the macro scale? 2 laser beams converge on a beam splitter, and we get 2 beams out?

    2. This is required by the reversibility (or unitarity of the quantum evolution) of the beam splitter.

      Not obvious to me why this is the case.

    1. The auto-icon was therefore given a wax head, fitted with some of Bentham's own hair. The real head was displayed in the same case as the auto-icon for many years, but became the target of repeated student pranks. It was later locked away.[100]

      lol

    1. that water rights were reserved for tribes as an implication of the treaties that created the reservations

      this makes so much basic sense but the american legal system has warped my brain and this feels incredible

    2. It was also held that when American Indian reservations were created by the United States government, they were created with the intention of allowing the American Indian settlements to become self-reliant and self-sufficient

      amazing that this basic level of recognition by the SC is a bit incredible for me

    1. while a lack of financial regulatory centralization or harmonization among eurozone states,

      I.e., contradictory interests between large and small economies.

    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus_pagination

      Stephanus pagination is a system of reference numbers used in editions of Plato based on the three volume 1578 edition of Plato's complete works published by Henricus Stephanus (Henri Estienne) and translated by Joannes Serranus (Jean de Serres).

      See also: - Bekker numbering (for Aristotle) - Diels-Kranz numbering (for early pre-Socratics)

    1. Criticisms of post-WWII Zen[edit] Some contemporary Japanese Zen teachers, such as Harada Daiun Sogaku and Shunryū Suzuki, have criticized Japanese Zen as being a formalized system of empty rituals in which very few Zen practitioners ever actually attained realization. They assert that almost all Japanese temples have become family businesses handed down from father to son, and the Zen priest's function has largely been reduced to officiating at funerals, a practice sardonically referred to in Japan as sōshiki bukkyō (葬式仏教, funeral Buddhism).[citation needed] For example, the Sōtō school published statistics stating that 80 percent of laity visited temples only for reasons having to do with funerals and death.[22]

      Em todas as civilizações em que eu estudei a iluminação depois de um tempo o conceito original é corrompido tornando-se um serviço vazio e complexo, a iluminação e esquecida, a função original dos ensinamentos se pede.

    1. Modern genetic studies of Northwestern Cameroonian Chadic-speaking populations have observed high frequencies of the Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b in these populations (the R1b-V88[3] variant).

      ??

    1. The Celts also expanded down the Danube river and its tributaries. One of the most influential tribes, the Scordisci, established their capital at Singidunum (present-day Belgrade, Serbia) in the 3rd century BC. The concentration of hill-forts and cemeteries shows a dense population in the Tisza valley of modern-day Vojvodina, Serbia, Hungary and into Ukraine.

      oh shit SLAVA UKRAINI

    2. Modern scholarship, however, has clearly proven that Celtic presence and influences were most substantial in what is today Spain and Portugal (with perhaps the highest settlement saturation in Western Europe), particularly in the central, western and northern regions

      italians are literally more latino than hispanics (celtic)

      my thoughts are also drawn to our old yard guy, a redheaded mexican who didn't speak a lick of english. i was in the presence of an old stock iberian celt, surely

    1. When Buddhism came to China, there were three divisions of training: The training in virtue and discipline in the precepts (Skt. śīla), The training in mind through meditation (Skt. dhyāna) to attain a luminous and non-reactive state of mind, and The training in the recorded teachings (Skt. Dharma). It was in this context that Buddhism entered into Chinese culture. Three types of teachers with expertise in each training practice developed: Vinaya masters specialized in all the rules of discipline for monks and nuns, Dhyāna masters specialized in the practice of meditation, and Dharma masters specialized in the mastery of the Buddhist texts.
    2. When Buddhism came to China, it was adapted to the Chinese culture and understanding. Theories about the influence of other schools in the evolution of Chan vary widely and are heavily reliant upon speculative correlation rather than on written records or histories. Some scholars have argued that Chan developed from the interaction between Mahāyāna Buddhism and Taoism,[20][21][22][23] while one believes that Chan has roots in yogic practices, specifically kammaṭṭhāna, the consideration of objects, and kasiṇa, total fixation of the mind.[24]
    1. understood behavioral differences between peoples as largely separate from and unaffected by innate predispositions stemming from human biology

      boasianism has seeped deeply into the academic mind

    1. November 7 – The capital of Idaho Territory is moved from Lewiston to Boise; North Idaho declares the move illegal, and proposes secession.

      That time when North Idaho tried to secede! :P

    1. during his campaigns against the Achaemenid Empire. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, his empire quickly unraveled amid competing claims by the diadochi, his closest friends and companions. Ptolemy, a Mace

      this comment is just for the learning purpose only

    1. The hub manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

      !- gloss : hub | star network - manages and controls all functions of the network - repeater for the data flow

      !- for : concept : huddle | IndyNet -

    1. But Dionysius, who had made many enemies during his reign, arranged that a sword should hang above the throne, held at the pommel only by a single hair of a horse's tail to evoke the sense of what it is like to be king: though having much fortune, always having to watch in fear and anxiety against dangers that might try to overtake him. Damocles finally begged the king that he be allowed to depart because he no longer wanted to be so fortunate, realizing that with great power comes great responsibility

      true royalty and nobility is so important

    1. He argued that God gazes over history in its totality and finds all periods equal.

      Leopold von Ranke's argument that God gazes over history and finds all periods equal is very similar to a framing of history from the viewpoint of statistical thermodynamics: it's all the same material floating around, it just takes different states at different times.

      link to: https://hyp.is/jqug2tNlEeyg2JfEczmepw/3stages.org/c/gq_title.cgi?list=1045&ti=Foucault%27s%20Pendulum%20(Eco)

    2. Leopold von Ranke (German: [fɔn ˈʁaŋkə]; 21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history.[3][4] According to Caroline Hoefferle, "Ranke was probably the most important historian to shape [the] historical profession as it emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century".[5] He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and the analysis of historical documents. Building on the methods of the Göttingen School of History,[6] he was the first to establish a historical seminar. Ranke set the standards for much of later historical writing, introducing such ideas as reliance on primary sources (empiricism), an emphasis on narrative history and especially international politics (Außenpolitik). Ranke also had a great influence on Western historiography. He was ennobled in 1865, with the addition of a "von" to his name.
    1. “弗拉马利翁版画”是一幅木质雕版画(wood engraving),由一位不知名的艺术家所作,最早发现于法国天文学家和作家卡米伊·弗拉马利翁(Camille Flammarion,1842 – 1925)的著作《大气:大众气象学》(L'atmosphère: météorologie populaire,1888)之中。这幅作品描绘了一个穿着长袍带着权杖的男子,跪在大地与天穹相接的边缘。他把自己的上半身探出天穹之外,看到了一圈一圈的云层、如跳跃的火焰、发光的星体等奇异的景象,而这些异象是天穹之内的地上生灵无缘得见的。画面最上角的轮子可能来自《圣经》中的《以西结书》(Book of Ezekiel)中,希伯来先知以西结(Ezekiel)看到的天上的异象。

      整个版画所描绘的内容,事实上融合了基督教神秘主义(Christian mysticism)和托勒密宇宙论(Ptolemaic cosmology)等诸多传统。画中的老人可能是一个天文学家,也可能是一个占星术士,还可能是一位普通的旅人。而他来到天地的边缘,把身子探出他原本的世界之外,并伸出右手试图触摸那个未知世界的样子,则是对于人类“求知”或探索边界、打破常规等诸多行为,非常生动的描绘。这种行为,或许能追溯到《创世纪》(Genesis)所记载的,人类始祖亚当(Adam)和夏娃(Eve)违反上帝的规定,偷吃知善恶树(Tree of the knowledge of good and evil)上的禁果——这是人类原罪(original sin)的开始,但也是人类求“知”(knowledge)和发展的开始。

    1. Activism

      People like Knapp are seriously heroes. There is no tool better than knowledge and no role nobler than spreading it. I have nothing but admiration with his societal position.

  3. Sep 2022
    1. al-kīmiyāʾ may be derived from the greek "χημία", which is derived from the ancient Egyptian name of Egypt, khem or khm, khame, or khmi, meaning "blackness", i.e., the rich dark soil of the Nile river valley. Therefore, alchemy can be seen as the "Egyptian art" or the "black art".

      cool

    1. Origen sold the small library of Greek literary works which he had inherited from his father for a sum which netted him a daily income of four obols.[44][41][42] He used this money to continue his study of the Bible and of philosophy.[44][41] Origen studied at numerous schools throughout Alexandria,[44] including the Platonic Academy of Alexandria,[45][44] where he was a student of Ammonius Saccas.

      strange to think that this is still pre-collapse. plato was around only 500 or so years before him, and the roman empire was at its height.

    1. Missing data reduces the representativeness of the sample and can therefore distort inferences about the population.

      This is why the existence of missing data matters. It seems like this also greatly matters when training a machine learning model or trying to explain the predictions of one.

    2. For example, in a study of the relation between IQ and income, if participants with an above-average IQ tend to skip the question ‘What is your salary?’, analyses that do not take into account this missing at random (MAR pattern (see below)) may falsely fail to find a positive association between IQ and salary.

      This is an example of how the type of missing data is relevant and how not taking it into account during analysis will lead to incorrect results.

    3. In statistics, missing data, or missing values, occur when no data value is stored for the variable in an observation. Missing data are a common occurrence and can have a significant effect on the conclusions that can be drawn from the data.

      Missing data is important because it can affect how the existing data is analyzed. This can be particularly important for causal inference.

    1. Splenic infarction occurs when the splenic artery or one of its branches are occluded, for example by a blood clot. Although it can occur asymptomatically, the typical symptom is severe pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, sometimes radiating to the left shoulder. Fever and chills develop in some cases.[31] It has to be differentiated from other causes of acute abdomen.

      Definition?

    1. Poludnitsa, who makes herself evident in the middle of hot summer days, takes the form of whirling dust clouds and carries a scythe, sickle or shears; most likely the shears would be of an older style, not akin to modern scissors. She will stop people in the field to ask them difficult questions or engage them in conversation. If anyone fails to answer a question or tries to change the subject, she will cut off their head or strike them with illness. She may appear as an old hag, a beautiful woman, or a 12-year-old girl, and she was useful in scaring children away from valuable crops. She is only seen on the hottest part of the day and is a personification of a sun-stroke

      What a sensible demon to have in one's pantheon!

    1. Longevity implies a resistance to change, obsolescence or competition and greater odds of continued existence into the future
      • longevity
      • resistance to
        • change
        • obsolescence
        • competition
    2. The Lindy effect (also known as Lindy's Law[1]) is a theorized phenomenon by which the future life expectancy of some non-perishable things, like a technology or an idea, is proportional to their current age

    1. In probability theory, Kolmogorov equations, including Kolmogorov forward equations and Kolmogorov backward equations, characterize continuous-time Markov processes. In particular, they describe how the probability that a continuous-time Markov process is in a certain state changes over time.

      ex. lotka voltera

    1. they allow resources to be referred to without the need for a continuously available host, and can be generated by anyone who already has the file, without the need for a central authority to issue them. This makes them popular for use as "guaranteed" search terms within the file sharing community where anyone can distribute a magnet link to ensure that the resource retrieved by that link is the one intended, regardless of how it is retrieved.
    1. Quantities such as tree ring widths, coral growth, isotope variations in ice cores, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, fossils, ice cores, borehole temperatures, and glacier length records are correlated with climatic fluctuations.

      These aspects of nature can be used to determine temperature fluctuations when proper tools weren't available to demonstrate these changes.

    1. Ulaanbaatar (/ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtər/; Mongolian: Улаанбаатар, pronounced [ʊˌɮaːm‿ˈpaːʰtə̆r] (listen), lit. "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia.

      Usually has terrible air pollution because of a lack of wind and large amounts of sunlight which breaks nitrogen bonds.

    1. IndieWeb is a community of people building software to enable personal, independently hosted websites to independently maintain their social data on their own web domains rather than on large, centralized social networking services
      • community of people
      • building software to enable
        • personal
        • independently hosted websites
        • to independently maintain their social data
        • on their own web domains
        • rather then on
          • large
          • centralized
          • social networking services

    2. it uses a suite of tools including Webmention and microformats in order to decentralize social communication and distribution of content.
      • suite of tools
      • WebMention
      • microformats
      • to decentralize
        • social communication &
        • distributionb of content
    1. Swiss writer, Erich von Däniken, was fascinated by Nazca and was also a strong believer in extraterrestrial visitations. Von Daniken writes about his beliefs about archeology sites such as the Egyptian pyramids, Stonehenge, and Easter Island, and how they are connected to extraterrestrials. He often explains the origins of religions as reactions of ancient people when they came in contact with an alien race. Von Daniken published a best-selling book titled Chariots of the Gods? in 1968. In this book he describes [43] his theory that these mysterious lines were actually used as landing sites for UFOs. He theorized that the shapes and lines were made by aliens and were created to help steer their spaceships, as well as work as landing pads. Von Daniken claimed the patterns at this site looked very similar to a modern airport and used this as evidence that proved that aliens used this area as a landing place for their spaceships. Däniken claimed that the Nazca lines site reflected visits by astronauts from other worlds, who became the creators of ancient civilizations.

      The thing that makes this theory most obviously disproved is that it would not have been thought up in the last 20 years. If you have the concept of GPS technology, you wouldn't assume that spaceships need such primitive markings to land safely.

    1. Bolt improved upon his second 100 m world record of 9.69 with 9.58 seconds in 2009 – the biggest improvement since the start of electronic timing.

      sounds like he was the fastest man at the time

    1. Sollicitudin tellus deserunt saepe quam eros? Cillum, voluptas commodo eos veritatis maxime diamlorem exercitation eu, senectus, risus id, nemo, veritatis? Repellendus minim. Soluta deserunt? Nullam sodales vitae pede eiusmod ratione ullam dolorem assumenda? Est mi congue laudantium tenetur provident explicabo netus curae soluta sed consequatur tempora doloribus nostrud porta minus nostrum quisquam iste in minim justo aliquid sociis. Excepteur consectetur? Officiis sapien quia magna autem quibusdam dignissimos ipsum, cumque nam porta! Taciti ad, repellat sit.

    1. Each vertex of the solid must be a vertex for at least three faces.

      How this was derived? Why it has to be three? because two faces can not form a volume.

    1. Guide stars are also employed in adaptive optics. In this application, the star is not used to correct for the rotation of the Earth, but to correct for turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere.
      • guide stars
      • adaptive optics
    1. A laser guide star is an artificial star image created for use in astronomical adaptive optics systems, which are employed in large telescopes in order to correct atmospheric distortion of light (called astronomical seeing).

    1. Even when the countries were not formally at war, tension remained high, and royal authority in either or both kingdoms was often weak, particularly in remote locations. The difficulty and uncertainties of basic human survival meant that communities and/or people kindred to each other would seek security through group strength and cunning. They would attempt to improve their livelihoods at their nominal enemies' expense, enemies who were frequently also just trying to survive. Loyalty to a feeble or distant monarch and reliance on the effectiveness of the law usually made people a target for depredations rather than conferring any security.

      Because they stuck to tribalism, rather than collectivism, they were caught in the same cycle of war. The end result was continued decline of their situation.

    1. In 2021, The Guardian wrote despite Saudi Arabia's commitment to diversify its economy, the government was still 75% dependent on oil exports for its budget.

      和我之前在 OEC 看到的数据预估一致。

    1. In his senior year, he became a part-time resident of New York City's East Village and immersed himself in Andy Warhol's Factory demimonde, cultivating a friendship with Rene Ricard and developing a brief addiction to heroin.[12]

      I need to do more. How can I get here?

    1. Cardinal Bellarmine had written in 1615 that the Copernican system could not be defended without "a true physical demonstration that the sun does not circle the earth but the earth circles the sun".[84] Galileo considered his theory of the tides to provide such evidence.[85] This theory was so important to him that he originally intended to call his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems the Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea.[86] The reference to tides was removed from the title by order of the Inquisition.[citation needed] For Galileo, the tides were caused by the sloshing back and forth of water in the seas as a point on the Earth's surface sped up and slowed down because of the Earth's rotation on its axis and revolution around the Sun. He circulated his first account of the tides in 1616, addressed to Cardinal Orsini.[87] His theory gave the first insight into the importance of the shapes of ocean basins in the size and timing of tides; he correctly accounted, for instance, for the negligible tides halfway along the Adriatic Sea compared to those at the ends. As a general account of the cause of tides, however, his theory was a failure.[citation needed]

      This is a good example of how observation of a phenomenon doesn't equate to an understanding of that phenomenon.

      Galileo made an observation that the oceans seem to move in a certain way (like it's sloshing), accurately observed the nature of the movement (that the water seems to move as a whole), and then proposed an explanation for it based on pure speculation (a point on the earth's surface was speeding and slowing as a result of orbiting the sun, which is obviously nonsense).

    1. Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology)[1] with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer).[2] The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. For the British history magazine, see Ancient Egypt (magazine). "Ancient Egyptian" redirects here. For the language, see Egyptian language.

      here ... we are.

    1. "You Oughta Know" signaled Morissette's departure from bubblegum pop to alternative rock, and features guitarist Dave Navarro and bassist Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers
      • LISTEN!
    1. Mick Jagger contributed uncredited backing vocals for the song. When asked how this collaboration occurred, Simon said: He happened to call at the studio. … I said "We're doing some backup vocals on a song of mine, why don't you come down and sing with us?"[35]
    1. Renan's definition of a nation has been extremely influential. This was given in his 1882 discourse Qu'est-ce qu'une nation? ("What is a Nation?"). Whereas German writers like Fichte had defined the nation by objective criteria such as a race or an ethnic group "sharing common characteristics" (language, etc.), Renan defined it by the desire of a people to live together, which he summarized by a famous phrase, "avoir fait de grandes choses ensemble, vouloir en faire encore" (having done great things together and wishing to do more).
    2. The book's controversial assertions that the life of Jesus should be written like the life of any historic person, and that the Bible could and should be subject to the same critical scrutiny as other historical documents caused controversy[19] and enraged many Christians,[20][21][22][23] and Jews because of its depiction of Judaism as foolish and absurdly illogical and for its insistence that Jesus and Christianity were superior.[17]

      Ernest Renan argued in Life of Jesus that Jesus should be studied and written about like any other historic person or process. His life and the history and writings around it should be open to critical scrutiny just like any other biography or autobiography.

    1. Bartleby answers with what soon becomes his perpetual response to every request: "I would prefer not to."

      The machine rolls on : ) with bureaucracy too stiff to allow for progress. This is very reminiscent of tech work today!

    1. solving a special case of the decision problem for first-order logic, namely the decidability of what is now called the Bernays–Schönfinkel–Ramsey class of first-order logic

      Read more - I will certainly need this for class

    2. One afternoon I went out alone with her on Lake Orta and became filled with desire and we came back and lay on two beds side by side she reading, I pretending to, but with an awful conflict in my mind. After about an hour I said (she was wearing her horn spectacles and looking superlatively beautiful in the Burne Jones style) ‘Margaret will you fuck with me?’[3]

      What a closing line!

      Nostalgia for the days that hard arts like mathematics were romanticised; as other papers state, the writing is so formal and rigid now. A product of the post-WWII structure and industrialisation of the scientific process, sure - but has this been healthy for society?

    3. Senior Wrangler (top of his class)

      British descriptors and honorifics - "Head", "Porter", "Wrangler", etc. feel reflective of the disorder of the parliamentary system - they're at face chaotic but reflect rigid historical processes!

    1. After his discharge from the Army, Burke returned to Los Angeles and set up a company with his brother Cleve and two friends from the war, the Marzicola brothers, one of whom had a contractor's license. The four men called their firm 'Craig Ellwood' after a liquor store called Lords and Elwood located in front of their offices.[3] Burke later legally changed his name to Ellwood.[2]

      This is fascinating to me - Burke, by changing his name, assumed the identity of his work as his persona!

    1. The transputer is a series of pioneering microprocessors from the 1980s, intended for parallel computing. To support this, each transputer had its own integrated memory and serial communication links to exchange data with other transputers.

    1. the reason for the shutdown is because of the unprofitability of Unit 1.

      Why do we provide incentives for unsustainable power and environmentally damaging cars like Teslas, but not to advance nuclear? Harnessing the atom is the only way we'll be able to scale to meet population demands.

    1. if an invitee is invited to do business in a store and is injured snooping around in the private storage area, he does not have invitee status in that area. So if the invitee is snooping around in the dark, trips and falls on something, the land occupier is not liable since the snooper exceeded the consent given him/her
    1. Though Rose was described by one biographer as a "natural athlete" in his youth, he did not engage seriously in sport. Baptized in a Methodist church when he was 14 years old, Rose later rejected Christianity for atheism.

      ...until becoming an orthodox saint

  4. Aug 2022
    1. The time between hearing the speech and responding, is how long the brain takes to process and produce speech

      Khoảng thời gian từ lúc nghe được lời nói cho đến lúc chúng ta nói lặp lại là khoảng thời gian não bộ xử lý. ?Đây là cách hiệu quả để cải thiện kỹ năng nghe của chúng ta. Càng thực hành nhiều thì não bộ sẽ lặp lại nhanh hơn, nghe được rõ ràng hơn.

    1. Colchicine is widely used in plant breeding by inducing polyploidy in plant cells to produce new or improved varieties, strains, and cultivars.[63] When used to induce polyploidy in plants, colchicine cream is usually applied to a growth point of the plant, such as an apical tip, shoot, or sucker. Seeds can be presoaked in a colchicine solution before planting. Since chromosome segregation is driven by microtubules, colchicine alters cellular division by inhibiting chromosome segregation during meiosis; half the resulting gametes, therefore, contains no chromosomes, while the other half contains double the usual number of chromosomes (i.e., diploid instead of haploid, as gametes usually are), and lead to embryos with double the usual number of chromosomes (i.e., tetraploid instead of diploid).[63] While this would be fatal in most higher animal cells, in plant cells, it is not only usually well-tolerated, but also frequently results in larger, hardier, faster-growing, and in general more desirable plants than the normally diploid parents. For this reason, this type of genetic manipulation is frequently used in breeding plants commercially.[63] When such a tetraploid plant is crossed with a diploid plant, the triploid offspring are usually sterile (unable to produce fertile seeds or spores), although many triploids can be propagated vegetatively. Growers of annual triploid plants not readily propagated vegetatively cannot produce a second-generation crop from the seeds (if any) of the triploid crop and need to buy triploid seed from a supplier each year. Many sterile triploid plants, including some trees and shrubs, are becoming increasingly valued in horticulture and landscaping because they do not become invasive species and do not drop undesirable fruit and seed litter. In certain species, colchicine-induced triploidy has been used to create "seedless" fruit, such as seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus). Since most triploids do not produce pollen themselves, such plants usually require cross-pollination with a diploid parent to induce seedless fruit production. The ability of colchicine to induce polyploidy can be also exploited to render infertile hybrids fertile, for example in breeding triticale (× Triticosecale) from wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale). Wheat is typically tetraploid and rye diploid, with their triploid hybrid infertile; treatment of triploid triticale with colchicine gives fertile hexaploid triticale.

      This is wild.

    1. Definition and inclusion criteria

      Further to [[User:Biogeographist|Biogeographist]]'s comments about what defines a zettelkasten, someone has also removed the Eminem example (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zettelkasten&type=revision&diff=1105779799&oldid=1105779647) which by the basest of definitions is a zettelkasten being slips of paper literally stored in a box. The continually well-documented path of the intellectual history of the tradition stemming out of the earlier Commonplace book tradition moved from notebooks to slips of paper indicates that many early examples are just this sort of collection. The optional addition of subject headings/topics/tags aided as a finding mechanism for some and was more common historically. Too much of the present definition on the page is dominated by the recently evolved definition of a zettelkasten as specifically practiced by Luhmann, who is the only well known example of a practitioner who heavily interlinked his cards as well as indexed them (though it should be noted that they were only scantly indexed as entry points into the threads of linked cards which followed). The broader historical perspective of the practice is being overly limited by the definition imprinted by a single example, the recent re-discovery of whom, has re-popularized a set of practices dating back to at least the sixteenth century.

      It seems obvious that through the examples collected and the scholarship of Blair, Cevollini, Krajewski, and others that collections of notes on slips generally kept in some sort of container, usually a box or filing cabinet of some sort is the minimal definition of the practice. This practice is often supplemented by additional finding and linking methods. Relying on the presence of ''metadata'' is both a limiting (and too modern) perspective and not supported by the ever-growing numbers of historical examples within the space.

      Beyond this there's also a modern over-reliance (especially in English speaking countries beginning around 2011 and after) on the use and popularity of the German word Zettelkasten which is not generally seen in the historically English and French speaking regions where "card index" and "fichier boîte" have been used for the same practices. This important fact was removed from the top level definition with revision https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zettelkasten&type=revision&diff=1105779647&oldid=1105766061 and should also be reverted to better reflect the broader idea and history.

      In short, the definition, construction, and evolution of this page/article overall has been terribly harmed by an early definition based only on Niklas Luhmann's practice as broadly defined within the horribly unsourced and underinformed blogosphere from approximately 2013 onward. ~~~~

    1. In computing, serialization (US and Oxford spelling) or serialisation (UK spelling) is the process of translating a data structure or object state into a format that can be stored (for example, in a file or memory data buffer) or transmitted (for example, over a computer network) and reconstructed later (possibly in a different computer environment).[1] When the resulting series of bits is reread according to the serialization format, it can be used to create a semantically identical clone of the original object. For many complex objects, such as those that make extensive use of references, this process is not straightforward. Serialization of object-oriented objects does not include any of their associated methods with which they were previously linked.

      This process of serializing an object is also called marshalling an object in some situations. The opposite operation, extracting a data structure from a series of bytes, is deserialization, (also called unserialization or unmarshalling).

    1. The explosion could be associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRB),

      The cite doesn't mention gamma ray bursts. It just says: QUOTE Thus, while VY CMa is unlikely to pr duce an extremely luminous SN IIn like SN 2006tf (Smith et al. 2008), it probably will produce a moderately luminous and long-lasting SN IIn like SN 1988Z, which had detectable CSM interaction for over a decade after explosion

      Smith, N., Hinkle, K.H. and Ryde, N., 2009. Red supergiants as potential type IIn supernova progenitors: spatially resolved 4.6 μm CO emission around VY CMa and Betelgeuse. The Astronomical Journal, 137(3), p.3558. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/137/3/3558/pdf and gamma ray bursts normally need a star of at least 40 solar masses

      QUOTE It is apparent that long GRBs arise primarily from a subset of massive (MZAMS≥40 M⊙), moderately metal-poor stars at cosmological redshifts. Although the nearest long GRBs lie at distances of tens to hundreds of megaparsec, we can study individual massive stars within appropriate environments in the Local Group.

      See Levan, A., Crowther, P., de Grijs, R., Langer, N., Xu, D. and Yoon, S.C., 2016. Gamma-ray burst progenitors. Space Science Reviews, 202(1), pp.33-78. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-016-0312-x

    1. Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock.

      It is about create and produce living thing,

      Currently, I need to refer to the web for way to produce these living things. (15/08/2022).

    1. Magie's game was becoming increasingly popular around the Northeastern United States. College students attending Harvard, Columbia, and University of Pennsylvania, left-leaning middle class families, and Quakers were all playing her board game. Three decades after The Landlord's Game was invented in 1904, Parker Brothers published a modified version, known as Monopoly. Charles Darrow claimed the idea as his own, stating that he invented the game in his basement. Magie spoke out against them and reported that she had made a mere $500 from her invention and received none of the credit for Monopoly.[7] In January 1936, an interview with Magie appeared in a Washington, D.C. newspaper, in which she was critical of Parker Brothers. Magie spoke to reporters about the similarities between Monopoly and The Landlord's Game. The article published spoke to the fact that Magie spent more money making her game than she received in earnings, especially with the lack of credit she received after Monopoly was created. After the interviews, Parker Brothers agreed to publish two more of her games but continued to give Darrow the credit for inventing the game itself.[11] Darrow was known as the inventor of Monopoly until Ralph Anspach discovered Magie's patents and her relation to the Monopoly game while fighting a legal battle with the Parker Brothers because of his Anti-Monopoly game. Subsequently, her invention of The Landlord's Game has been given more attention and research. Despite the fact that Darrow and the Parker Brothers capitalized on and were credited with her idea, she posthumously received credit for one of the most popular board games.[3]

      This is a fascinating bit of trivia, and that should be better known by the general public.

    1. On the Internet there are many collective projects where users interact only by modifying local parts of their shared virtual environment. Wikipedia is an example of this.[17][18] The massive structure of information available in a wiki,[19] or an open source software project such as the FreeBSD kernel[19] could be compared to a termite nest; one initial user leaves a seed of an idea (a mudball) which attracts other users who then build upon and modify this initial concept, eventually constructing an elaborate structure of connected thoughts.[20][21]

      Just as eusocial creatures like termites create pheromone infused mudballs which evolve into pillars, arches, chambers, etc., a single individual can maintain a collection of notes (a commonplace book, a zettelkasten) which contains memetic seeds of ideas (highly interesting to at least themselves). Working with this collection over time and continuing to add to it, modify it, link to it, and expand it will create a complex living community of thoughts and ideas.

      Over time this complexity involves to create new ideas, new structures, new insights.

      Allowing this pattern to move from a single person and note collection to multiple people and multiple collections will tend to compound this effect and accelerate it, particularly with digital tools and modern high speed communication methods.

      (Naturally the key is to prevent outside selfish interests from co-opting this behavior, eg. corporate social media.)

    2. The network of trails functions as a shared external memory for the ant colony.

      Just as a trail of pheromones serves the function of a shared external memory for an ant colony, annotations can create a set of associative trails which serve as an external memory for a broader human collective memory. Further songlines and other orality based memory methods form a shared, but individually stored internal collective memory for those who use and practice them.

      Vestiges of this human practice can be seen in modern society with the use and spread of cultural memes. People are incredibly good at seeing and recognizing memes and what they communicate and spreading them because they've evolved to function this way since the dawn of humanity.

    3. Stigmergy (/ˈstɪɡmərdʒi/ STIG-mər-jee) is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions.

      Example: ant pheromone paths

      Within ants, there can be a path left for others to follow, but what about natural paths in our environment that influence us to take them because of the idea of the "path of least resistence" or the effects of having paved cow paths.

      Similarly being lead by "the company that you keep".

      relathionship to research on hanging out with fat people tending to make one fatter.

    4. The term "stigmergy" was introduced by French biologist Pierre-Paul Grassé in 1959 to refer to termite behavior. He defined it as: "Stimulation of workers by the performance they have achieved." It is derived from the Greek words στίγμα stigma "mark, sign" and ἔργον ergon "work, action", and captures the notion that an agent’s actions leave signs in the environment, signs that it and other agents sense and that determine and incite their subsequent actions.[4][5]

      Theraulaz, Guy (1999). "A Brief History of Stigmergy". Artificial Life. 5 (2): 97–116. doi:10.1162/106454699568700. PMID 10633572. S2CID 27679536.

    1. Conversation theory is a cybernetic and dialectic framework that offers a scientific theory to explain how interactions lead to "construction of knowledge", or "knowing": wishing to preserve both the dynamic/kinetic quality, and the necessity for there to be a "knower

      !- theory : Conversation - Software is a conversation - ∀ is a conversation - knowledge with the "knower" - knowing subject - Tacit Personal Knowledge - Michael Polanyi

      !- do how : TrailMarks - treat annotation margins as part of your Mind's Graph - name the subject/topic that the annotated content is about and name in a trailmark your intent/intended meaning or some salient aspect of the subject/topic to which the annotation is relevant to - jot down free associations that come to mind - thereby the chances of surfacing via auto-association the annotation in the present context when you are working on a content using the words matching the free associations

    1. "τὸ κακὸν δοκεῖν ποτ᾽ ἐσθλὸν τῷδ᾽ ἔμμεν' ὅτῳ φρένας θεὸς ἄγει πρὸς ἄταν" to mean that "evil appears as good in the minds of those whom god leads to destruction".
      • evil appears as good
      • in the minds if those whom god leads to destruction
    1. Other stores of value[edit] Polish National Government bond, 1863 Commodities such as gold and other precious metals have historically been good stores of value Examples for stores of value other than money are: Bonds – value is guaranteed by a legal contract Collectibles, e.g. original art by a famous artist or antiques such as ancient artifacts or ancient coinage Gemstones Gift economy relationships – value is stored as social reputation Labor notes (currency) Livestock ownership and control (see African currency) Fine wine Precious metals – ownership in gold, silver, platinum, and palladium Real estate – ownership in actual deeds in protectable controllable land Stored-value cards – value is physically stored on the cards in the form of binary coded data While these items may be inconvenient to trade daily or store, and may vary in value quite significantly, they rarely lose all value. It need not be a capital asset at all, merely have economic value that is not known to disappear even in the worst situation. The disadvantage for land, houses and property as a store for value is that it may take time to find a buyer for those assets.[7] In principle, this could be true of any industrial commodity, but gold and precious metals are generally favored, because of their demand and rarity in nature, which reduces the risk of devaluation associated with increased production and supply. Cryptocurrency's role as a store of value is currently a matter of debate. [10][11][12][13] The Internal Revenue Service has issued guidance on "virtual currencies" that refers to them as "a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value."[14] The cryptocurrency Bitcoin is often compared by advocates to gold.[15][16] In their role as a store of value, cryptocurrencies often elicit concern, due to their extreme volatility, [17] or due to concerns about the emergence of regulation and contradictory handling by governments.[18] Note that the Bitcoin blockchain ledger is unalterable and that Bitcoin cannot be taken from someone, except by force, known as the 'five-dollar wrench attack'.

      Types of Store of Value, useful for the bitcoin yt vid

    1. "We work in the dark—we do what we can—we give what we have. Our doubt is our passion and our passion is our task. The rest is the madness of art."

      Annotation documents alteration. </br>“We work with our lacks–we do what we can–we give what we have.” An “altered,” and annotated, quote from Henry James’ “The Middle Years” as the Chapter III epigraph in Margo Jefferson’s recently published book Constructing a Nervous System (which I recommend). #Annotate22 219/365

    1. Suffragists in WCTU, Political Franchise Leagues and trade unions organised a series of petitions to Parliament: over 9,000 signatures were delivered in 1891, followed by a petition of almost 20,000 signatures in 1892, and finally in 1893 nearly 32,000 signatures were presented – almost a quarter of the adult European female population of New Zealand.[14]

      Explains process to gain vote