This sort of implies that if you ban flaring, then unscrupulous companies will just vent it instead, causing much worse emissions, because detecting venting has been hard before, and enforcing a bans against rich and power entitites is will not be easy

Fundamentos A: A matéria e a energia

Die EU hat nach dem Ausbruch des Ukraine-Kriegs die Plattform AggregateEU für den gemeinsamen Gaseinkauf eingerichtet. Nach der ersten Runde übertrifft das Angebot dort die Nachfrage. Europäische Unternehmen können Erdgas über diese Plattform beziehen. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-energy-platform-eu-attracted-over-134-bcm-gas-first-joint-gas-purchasing-tender-2023-05-16_en

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change

Das Klimaministerium hat einen Vorschlag zur Gasversorgung Österreichs erarbeitet. Dabei könnte die OMV russisches Erdgas offenbar nicht mehr wie bisher vertreiben. Es scheint aber nicht um Einsparungen oder eine schnellere Energiewende zu gehen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000145979639/energieministerin-gewessler-fordert-mit-neuen-gasplaenen-oevp-heraus

Just Transition in Middle Income Countries - Paper summary

Considerations for the Just Transition in the Oil and Gas Sector

Studie vom März 2023 zur schnellen Herstellung der Unabhängigkeit von russischen Gasimporten. Siehe dazu @kemfertSchockwellenLetzteChance2023, p. 344

Der Aufsatz und die ihm zugrundeliegende Publikation kritisieren, dass die 1,5°-pathways des IPCC den Kohleausstieg vor dem Öl- und Gassausstieg fordern. Damit tragen die ärmeren Länder die Hauptlast. Gerechter und besser umzusetzen wäre ein schnellerer Ausstieg aus Öl und Gas, der vom globalen Norden eine schnellere Transformation verlangen würde.

In Frankreich ist der Gasverbrauch im vergangenen Jahr leicht gesunken. Erhebliche Mengen wieder als Ersatz für russische Lieferungen nach Deutschland durchgeleitet.

!- oil and gas legislation : industry lawyers at every level

This is less than I thought it would be.

Algerien profitiert vom Bedarf an Öl und Gas nach den Angriff auf die Ukraine und hat seine Einnahmen um 70% gesteigert. Die Regierung nutzt die Abhängigkeit des Westens aus, um die Repression gegen Journalist:innen und Opposition zu verschärfen. Algerien hat mir dem Bau einer zweiten Gaspipeline nach Sizilien beginnen und will in Zukunft 25 bis 35 Milliarden m³ nach Italien und darüber an den Rest Europas liefern.

In Italien lag der Gasverbrauch in den ersten Monaten des Herbstes um 17% unter dem des Vorjahres. Die Industrie verbrauchte 20% weniger, was offenbar mit einem leichten Absinken der Produktion verbunden war.

Solidity based. Irregularity in how exceptions are prioritized.

...and if the West sides with Taiwan if China decides to invade it, we will see a repeat of Putin's strategy of limiting export of vital noble gases. Team human doesn't work well when we cannot collaborate

Russia supplies 30% of the global chip industry with neon, argon and helium, necessary for chip manufacturing.

A lyric from "I Can Cook Too" written by Leonard Bernstein which appears in the 1944 Broadway musical "On the Town" sung by Nancy Walker and later in the 1949 film.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Town_(musical)

I heard it last night at the end of the final episode of Julia S1, E8 Chocolate Souffle (May 5, 2022).

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10975574/

The phrase "now you're coking with gas" was coined by American Gas Association publicist Carroll Everard "Deke" Houlgate. Deke's son indicated that his father "planted it with Bob Hope's writers" and it was ultimately used in one of his radio shows. From there it turned into one of his catchphrases and it was adopted by others including The Jack Benny Program and Maxwell House Coffee Time.

Incidentally, Houlgate was also a football journalist who devised the first college football rankings methodology that determined the national champions from 1929 to 1958.

Is this the same Houlgate, or perhaps his son who played for USC Trojans in the 1931 and 1932 Rose Bowl games?

References: (see also and check...) - A Way With Words co-host Martha Barnette https://soundcloud.com/waywordradio/now-youre-cooking-with-gas

https://www.b98.tv/video/wise-quacking-duck/

"Say. Now you're cooking with gas." Daffy Duck in an oven bathing himself in gravy.

The Wise Quacking Duck Warner Bros. (1943)<br /> Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Bob Clampett. <br /> Released on May 1, 1943

Singh, I., Joseph, P., Heerdt, P. M., Cullinan, M., Lutchmansingh, D. D., Gulati, M., Possick, J. D., Systrom, D. M., & Waxman, A. B. (2022). Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19: Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. CHEST, 161(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.010

This could be a key moment in time to launch a global Bottom-up, rapid whole system change initiative.

This could be a blessing and a boon to climate change transition to a fossil fuel free world.

Could the world be convinced to payfor this price?

What would convince them? We need rapid sensemaking!

Tradeoff higher gas prices with accelerated climate change and sanctioning Putin.

A feasibility study would be informative.

Most common boiler problems and breakdowns Complete information on the maintenance procedure for gas boilers and heating systems.

Good maintenance of gas/oil boilers for hot water and heating in Valencia Spain. Environmentally friendly. SHARE: Sandra Roth

Popularity in our world can sometimes act as a reaction effect when the popularity of a product or a trend becomes viral. These quick changes in culture cause a large part of society to want to be a part of the latest trend and to consume fashion, compared to in the past when Haute couture was the highest class of fashion. The importance of velocity is what has caused the fast-fashion industry to rise so aggressively knocking out competition out of the park. However, these market demands have extreme consequences towards our environment, with one of the leading causes of atmospheric pollution being the carbon dioxide emission coming from textile factories. By mentioning the change caused onto the haute couture Lezden claims the popularity of fast-fashion caused haute couture to take a step back.

Énergir can, and should, meet their customers' needs by helping them to end their use of gas and by accelerating a managed decapitalization of their existing gas assets. Énergir should "Pump Heat, Not Gas." By this I mean, they should refocus as a "thermal-utility," rather than as a gas-supplier and build a new business focused on the installation of heat pumps and the provision of geothermal district heating for their customers.

Quebec's plan to encourage hybrid heating (electric + gas) will cause a dramatic increase in gas bills:

Reducing the quantity of gas commodity consumed does not reduce the largely fixed costs of gas delivery. Thus, in order to ensure revenue neutrality and adequate utility cost recovery, a 70% reduction in the quantity of gas delivered will require a 333% increase in the per-unit cost of gas delivery. This increased cost will, of course, be offset by reduced expenditure on the gas commodity. However, If we make the reasonable assumption that today's costs are evenly split between commodity and delivery, a 70% reduction in gas consumption will require a new per-unit price of delivered gas which is at least 182% of the current price with a reduction to 8.25% of the commodity's share of costs. Gas consumers will be paying for pipes, not gas... (I'm not sure what todays cost split is in Quebec. If it's 60% delivery, the price will rise to 212% of today's cost. If it is only 40%, the price will rise to 151% of today's. )

However, it is likely that if the per unit cost of gas increases by the amounts calculated above, a great many gas users will realize that the cost/kWh or BTU of heating with electric heat pumps is lower than that for gas. Thus, it is likely that gas abandonment will increase over the current rates. While environmentalists will welcome increased gas abandonment, it should be recognized that it will create additional pressure to increase the per-unit cost of gas delivery which will, of course, encourage even more abandonment. The result will be a gas death-spiral.

The Quebec approach is unlikely to lead to good outcomes.

This EO should be considered by gas utilities, and their capital sources, who continue to invest in gas infrastructure with cost recovery periods that go far beyond 2050. Such investments will largely end up producing stranded assets.

Association, N. S. and P. (n.d.). Covid-19 lockdowns will have little lasting impact on global warming. New Scientist. Retrieved August 10, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2251313-covid-19-lockdowns-will-have-little-lasting-impact-on-global-warming/

Rathi, A. (2020, April 30). Renewables Are the Only Winners in Historic Decline in Energy Demand. Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-30/renewables-are-the-only-winners-in-historic-decline-in-energy-demand

This article discusses different low cost sensors, their effectiveness and different uses. There is also a table that lists different low cost sensors for particulate matter

high precision sensor noted in article also pinned $26

How do you mine gas?

The oil & gas industry will be one of the most affected sectors by IoT and other technologies. The smart hard hat has penetrated in multiple areas where safety and management is the prime concern.

Definition of a greenhouse gas.

Holy crap!

This is a very controversial oil pipeline that runs from Edmonton to Vancouver. This pipeline was built in the 1950s by Kinder Morgan in order to bring oil from Alberta to British Columbia when large oil deposits were discovered. This pipeline had a lot of political drive behind not only from the Canadian government but also the United States who wanted easier oil access on the west coast. The United States was in the middle of the Korean War and wanted to have more secure oil contact. The pipeline had a lot of resistance from other environmentalist groups because it ran through areas that would later be named national parks. However today, there is another pipeline that is being proposed by Kinder Morgan that runs almost parallel to the pre-existing one. The intent of the new pipeline is to bring more oil to the west coast of Canada in order to keep up with the growing oil market in Asia. The new pipeline was approved by British Columbia in January 2017 but the decision immediately faced resistance from the public. Many people are skeptical of a new pipeline because of Kinder Morgan's track record with spills in the past. A journalists from Vancouver writes "British Columbians will continue to fight this decision in the courts and on the streets well past next spring's election." This pipeline is a good example compared to the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline that is in a similar situation right now. There has been a new pipeline proposed there as well that is supported by the oil companies but many citizens and environmental groups are resisting it. "British Columbia nod to pipeline expansion." Oil & Gas News, January 16, 2017. Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources (accessed May 7, 2017). http://find.galegroup.com/grnr/infomark.do?&source=gale&idigest=6f8f4a3faafd67e66fa023866730b0a1&prodId=GRNR&userGroupName=bucknell_it&tabID=T004&docId=A477938750&type=retrieve&PDFRange=%5B%5D&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1.0. "Kinder Morgan - EHS - Pipeline Safety." HOUWWWP1. Accessed May 07, 2017. http://www.kindermorgan.com/pages/ehs/pipeline_safety/default.aspx.

The Medvezhye Pipeline is a pipeline built on the Medvezhye oil and gas field (Shabad). This naturally occurring gas field is located in Northern Siberia. Officials hoped the institution of the pipeline would provide industrial Russian communities with oil by the late 1970s. Siberia also signed contracts with Italy, France, and West Germany and agreed to provide natural gas in exchange for pipes. The pipeline was built in a sub-Arctic region with harsh weather and frozen ground and many worried that the pipeline would not be constructed according to schedule. The Medvezhye pipeline was constructed on warming, unstable permafrost. The pipeline was commissioned in 1972 and is Russia’s third most highly producing pipeline (Seligman). In 1977, a study was performed to measure pipe deformation due to warming permafrost conditions. No deformation was found due to the pipe’s thickness. As of 2011, the pipeline’s managers, Victoria Oil and Gas PLC, reported that the pipeline had 400 million barrels of oil in place (Victoria Oil and Gas). In continued monitoring and development of the pipeline, Victoria Oil and Gas also performed studies to determine possible new drilling and well sites, production infrastructure, and downstream hydrocarbon emissions effects. Victoria Oil and Gas also studied oil export from the pipeline to Siberia and other parts of Russia. Today, the pipeline is still a major source of oil and gas for Russia. A map of the Medvezhye oil and gas field can be found below. http://images.energy365dino.co.uk/standard/126082_7a87a50d3cd24d7da925.jpg

References: Selgiman, Ben J. "Long-Term Variability of Pipeline±Permafrost Interactions in North-West Siberia." PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES, 22nd ser., 11, no. 5 (2000). Accessed May 05, 2017.

Shabad, Theodore. "Siberia Pipeline Crews Advance." The New York Times. September 21, 1971. Accessed May 06, 2017. http://www.nytimes.com/1971/09/21/archives/siberia-pipeline-crews-advance-western-europe-to-buy-gas-delays-are.html?_r=0.

"Victoria Oil and Gas." West Medvezhye Operational Update | Victoria Oil and Gas. July 07, 2011. Accessed May 06, 2017. http://www.victoriaoilandgas.com/investors/news/west-medvezhye-operational-update.

West Medvezhye and Surrounding Areas.

The Arctic is home to a plethora of resources; it currently produces one tenth of the world’s oil and one fourth of its natural gas. Commercial extraction of oil started in the 1920s in Canada’s northwest territories. In the 1960s, large hydrocarbon fields were found in Russia, Alaska, and the Mackenzie Delta in Canada. The last several decades have produced billions of cubic meters of gas and oil in these countries in addition to Norway. The Canadian Arctic holds 49 gas and oil fields in the Mackenzie River Delta and 15 are located on the Canadian Arctic archipelago. There are also 11 offshore fossil fuel fields that were discovered in Barents Sea between Russia and Norway. North of the Arctic Circle, mostly in western Siberia, more than 400 onshore oil and gas fields have been found; roughly 60 of these fields are notably vast while a quarter of them are currently inoperable.

In addition to fuel sources, there are also extensive deposits of minerals in the Arctic, predominantly in the most developed part of the region, the Russian Arctic. It contains copper, silver, zinc, molybdenum, gold, uranium, tungsten, tin, platinum, palladium, apatite, cobalt, titanium, rare metals, ceramic raw materials, mica, precious stones, and some of the largest known deposits of coal, gypsum, and diamonds. The North American Arctic, on the other hand, holds iron, nickel, copper, and uranium. It is important to note, however, that many of the known mineral reserves have not been extracted due to the high cost and their inaccessibility.

"Natural Resources / Arctic." / Arctic. February 21, 2017. Accessed March 08, 2017. http://arctic.ru/resources/.

It is no secret that there was a lot of tension between the oil and gas company and the indigenous people of Canada and Alaska. In the 1950's and 1960's there was extensive drilling in areas of Alaska and Canada. Almost all of these decisions were made without consulting with the native people living in these areas. The drilling and exploration of the oil and gas fields had severe impacts on the ecosystem in the region. These impacts included the destruction of habitats from marine and terrestrial wildlife. This created many problems for the Native people who relied on hunting and fishing for a living. The Native people felt slighted by the actions of the oil and gas companies who refused to recognize their claims to the areas. Much of this problem was related to the fact that the Canadian and American governments also did not recognize them as people with claims to the land. The "Inuit in Canada faced a federal government that developed some powers-- in this case, to the territorial rather than the state government-- but nevertheless disregarded Aboriginal rights in the pursuit of Northern development." This stance from the government without a doubt led to the same dismissive attitude from the big oil and gas companies. Eventually, in the 1960's the native groups began to take steps in getting themselves recognized by the government and oil industry. It was through the help of environmental agencies that the native people started to be known. Many environmental agencies made it clear that activities in the Arctic such as oil drilling is extremely detrimental to the ecosystem and that it should not be continued. Many native groups piggy-backed on this stance and made themselves heard on the topic. Through this act both the oil industry and government began to recognize them as a legitimate body.

Stuhl, Andrew. Unfreezing the Arctic. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2016.

Seismic exploration camps are outposts of southern oil and gas exploration activities. They are constructed to shelter scientists during their surveys of the north in search of oil and gas resources. Geologists and related scientists set off explosions to induce waves underground. Theses waves 'echo' off the different layers of material allowing geologists to interpret if/where oil and/or gas could be located.

Though it is considered a non-invasive way to see into the subsurface when compared to drilling test holes, creating the infrastructure to allow seismic exploration to take pace and setting off explosions takes a toll on arctic ecosystems. In his book Unfreezing the Arctic Andrew Stuhl "This method [seismic] required the use of several tracked vehicles in a caravan, setting off blasts and collecting the data from them, and gashing vast stretches of the Arctic landscape" (Stuhl 114).

Legacy of this seismic exploration is felt today, as the scars Stuhl references still exist.

For more information and photos visit: (https://www.fws.gov/refuge/arctic/seismic.html )

Stuhl, Andrew. Unfreezing The Arctic. 1st ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Print.

How about when introducing a needle that registers .3-.45 below accurate. Start the ideal gas law tests at 12.05.