104 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. The black agent mints a black coin, increasing its balance from 3 to 4 coins

      Why to capture 4? Ops like burn(10), mint(1) do the same, yet being more semantic, as they convey what happens, rather than the result.

      E.g., when green has 3 green_coins, and we see send(1, green_coin, (to) black), send(3, green_coins, (to) green) did green just miscalculated his balance (should be 2), or did he sent and minted one at the same time?

  2. Oct 2023
    1. The main usage difference is that dependency can be used in a second sense as a "concrete" noun to mean a person or thing which depends on something/someone else. But note that in the programming context it's not uncommon to see it used to mean a software resource upon which some piece of software depends (i.e. - reversing the need/provide relationship).

      Is that really true? Can dependency refer to a person or thing which depends on something/someone else?? I'm only used to it the other way.

    2. And as others have pointed out, there is potential for ambiguity: if A is dependent on B, then a dependence or dependency (relationship) exists; but referring to either A or B as the dependency demands context.

      "demands context" :)

  3. Aug 2023
    1. Science must find for every effect a single cause. The historian is rarely faced with the same requirement.Historians have the advantage of being able to live with explanatory ambiguity that would be unacceptable in science.
    1. I find the use of the term “session” within integration tests a bit unfortunate (open_session, etc), since there are also these session objects, which are however different. Maybe replace by “user_session” ?
  4. Jun 2023
    1. Collaborating with another human is better than working with generative AI in part because conversation allows us to establish common ground, build shared semantics and engage in repair strategies when something is ambiguous.

      Collaborating with humans beats collaborating with AI because we can sync up our mental models, clarify ambiguity, and iterate.

      Current AI tools are limited in the methods they make available to perform these tasks.

  5. Mar 2023
    1. The reason for masking the most significant bit of P is to avoid confusion about signed vs. unsigned modulo computations. Different processors perform these operations differently, and masking out the signed bit removes all ambiguity.
  6. Dec 2022
    1. It could also just be for clarity’s sake, since truck could mean a pick-up truck (or some other type of truck), and tractor could refer to a farm tractor (or some other type of tractor).

      Calling it a semi-truck disambiguates since "truck" and "tractor" are too ambiguous.

  7. Nov 2022
    1. One of the first things that was discovered about building complicated technical hypertext is that you don’t know what the structure will be in advance. And as you’re adding information, you know you want to keep the information, but you frequently don’t know what the information you’re adding is. You can’t describe its type or its nature or its importance in advance. You just suspect that it’s going to be pertinent somehow. Or you see a terrific quotation that you know will be great to use, but you don’t know when that quotation will fit or even if it’ll fit in this book, or if you’ll have to save it for something else. Finding ways to say, “I think these two things are related somehow, but I don’t want to commit myself yet as to exactly how,” turns out to be quite an interesting design problem. Hypertext people started out, in fact, by inventing the outliner very early — 1968. And outliners are terrific if you already know the structure of your information space. But hierarchies are not good if you’re just guessing about how things fit together because you tend to build great elaborate structures that turn out to be wrong, and you have to unbuild them, and then you’ve got a terrible pile on your desk.

      Connecting ideas across space and time when you don't know how they'll fully relate in advance is a tough design problem.

      Outliner programs, first developed for computers in 1968, are great if you know the structure of a space in advance, but creating hierarchies by guessing about relationships in advance often turn out wrong or create other problems as one progresses.

    1. The erupting volcano represents Productive ambiguity. This is where the real work is done at scale. Concepts can be productively ambiguous through straight metaphor, or by mass (media) convergence on a particular term. It resonates with many people.

      New, relatively well-formed ideas may have lost much of their ambiguity to their creators, but they're solid enough to be communicated at scale to others. The newness of the concepts as they're accepted and used by others provides a tremendous level of productive ambiguity as the ideas spread and further solidify and are combined with a broader field of pre-existing ideas.

    2. Creative ambiguity. This is where one part of an idea is fixed, but the other part has a lot of freedom of movement. A good example of this would be appending ‘digital’ or ‘e-‘ to existing ideas – such as ‘e-books’ or ‘digital literacy’. Others can begin to see what the person is getting at.

      As portions of ideas begin to become clear and crystalize, they still maintain some creative ambiguity while the remaining portions aren't necessarily clearly defined. Creatively ambiguous ideas are better defined than generatively ambiguous ones.

    3. The lowest strata represents Generative ambiguity. Here, words are used as symbols for ideas that are very hard to express; an individual gives a name to a nebulous collection of ideas or thoughts. They struggle to make this approach make sense to others.

      Generative ambiguity is the process of giving names, potentially tentative, to a nebulous collection of nascent and unclear ideas in an effort to help make sense of them both to themselves as well as others.

    4. https://dougbelshaw.com/blog/2015/01/22/volcanoes-and-ambiguity/

      <small><cite class='h-cite via'> <span class='p-author h-card'>Aaron Davis </span> in 📑 The Two Definitions of Zettelkasten | Read Write Collect (<time class='dt-published'>11/18/2022 19:54:00</time>)</cite></small>

  8. Sep 2022
    1. Filter gives me the impression of inclusion... so if I filter by fruits, I expect to see apples, oranges, and bananas. Instead, this is more like filter out fruits... remove all the fruits, and you're left with the rest. Filter in/out are both viable. One means to include everything that matches a condition, and the other is to exclude everything that does not match a condition. And I don't think we can have just one.
    1. between an orange juice blender (a juice blender that’s orange) and an orange-juice blender (a blender that makes juice from oranges)
    2. But others, including Garner, believe, I think rightly, that while it can be ok to omit the hyphen in compound-noun adjectives, the better practice is to include the hyphen to ensure no confusion (especially since including the hyphen never triggers a miscue).
    3. Without the hyphen the reader is left wasting time wondering “what’s the real meaning here?” Without the hyphens readers struggle to get your meaning right, which slows them down. The hyphen eliminates the ambiguity, and tripping over it.
  9. May 2022
  10. Apr 2022
    1. That suggests the central directory might not reference all the files in the zip file

      Sure, but that doesn't mean that it's valid to treat the existence of those bytes as if that file is still "in" the ZIP. They should be treated exactly as any other blob that just happens to have some bytes that match the shape of the what a file record would look like if there were actually supposed to be a file there.

  11. Oct 2021
    1. I interpreted it more like "you can (for example) use serverFetch for external resources", rather than "serverFetch is exclusively for fetching external resources"
  12. Aug 2021
    1. When writing about programming, I prefer to use 'annotation' as the general term. Although .NET was first, the word 'attribute' is just too widely used for different things.
  13. Jun 2021
  14. Apr 2021
    1. a remark or passage that departs from the theme of a discourse : digression The speaker inserted some often amusing parentheses during his speech.
    2. an amplifying (see amplify sense 1) or explanatory word, phrase, or sentence inserted in a passage from which it is usually set off by punctuation explained further in a parenthesis
    3. one or both of the curved marks ( )

      strange that it means one or both of them

  15. Mar 2021
  16. Feb 2021
    1. There are two definitions of ‘Enterprise’ 1 - Enterprise as a business. In fact, in French, ‘enterprise’ literally means ‘business’ 2- Enterprise as a large business. This is the most common use of the term in business, differentiating between small, medium, and large businesses. In this context, there is no official rule, however it is generally accepted for enterprise to mean companies with over 1,000 employees and/or $1B in revenue
  17. Jan 2021
    1. We can lay blame for this semantic drift squarely at the feet of trend. Designers and developers eager to try the latest and greatest invite ambiguity in with outstretched arms. Leadership chases perceived value to stay relevant.
    2. Now they have what they need to make an informed decision, with a little intentional ambiguity to temper expectations.
    3. Verb plus noun is the winning combination. Describe what the link does and what it gets you: <a download href="downloads/fonts.zip"> Download Fonts </a> By itself, the verb Download would only signal what behavior will be triggered when the link is activated. Including the noun Fonts is great for removing ambiguity about what you’ll be getting.
  18. Nov 2020
  19. icla2020b.jonreeve.com icla2020b.jonreeve.com
    1. we

      The other people in the "we" are not mentioned in the entire short story. Joyce puts a lot of characters in this short story so every character only has ambiguous and incomplete information . Here some characters do not even have names.

    1. will only apply up the chain

      Should this "up the chain" be "down the chain"?

      In terms of a tree, I think of the caller/consumer/thing that imports this file as "up" and the things that I call/import as "down".

      That is more consistent with a tree, but not a stack trace (or any stack), I suppose, which has most recently called thing at the top ("up"), and the consumer of that at the bottom ("down").

    2. @import is also a CSS feature, and the differences can be confusing
  20. Oct 2020
    1. Looking at all those bearing, heading, orientation, navigation, position, direction, etc. I think we have a bigger problem here. Someone has decided how to use tag (e.g. orientation is about page orientation), but there are 100 other cases. Imho, to disallow misusing there should be no "heading", but rather "html-heading", "gps-heading", "whatelse-heading", which make mistakes impossible. So yes, "heading" should go.
    1. Her dark coat fell open, and her white throat—all her soft young body in the blue dress—was like a flower that is just emerging from its dark bud.

      The ambiguity of Mansfield's stories, and there sudden endings, place the tensions and moral implications, on our laps. What are the relationships between motherly neglect, wealth, and the sexuality of a young girl? Is the young girls bratiness a reasonable reaction to her circumstances (assuming the mother, really is a neglectful mother). Is she spoiled? or is the young girl simply lashing out. Do we develop our identities, or does circumstance?

    1. first sighting: use of superscripts like this

      I like it. Nice and concise and understandable.

      • s¹  critical
      • s²  important
      • s³  nice to have
      • s⁴  low
      • s⁵  inconvenient

      But in other cases, the abbreviation is quite unclear and ambiguity:

      Like, what does "pr" mean in these cases?

      priority? Doubt it.

      • pr¹  chore
      • pr²  docs
      • pr³  feature
      • pr⁴  fix
      • pr⁵  performance
      • pr⁶  refactor
      • pr⁷  style

      Pull Request? Doubt it. But maybe?


      For axes that are quantifiable, like severity, using a number makes sense. But what benefit is there in including a number in these (platform?) labels?:

      • p¹ ⋅ browser
      • p² ⋅ linux
      • p³ ⋅ mac
      • p⁴ ⋅ windows

      I think this would have been better and clearer (in that fewer people would be like huh? and wonder what it means):

      • platform: browser
      • platform: linux
      • platform: mac
      • platform: windows
    1. BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer (P2P) communications protocol for file sharing. It may also refer to: BitTorrent (company), a company which develops and maintains the BitTorrent protocol BitTorrent (software), the original BitTorrent client
    1. Ambiguity is a tool of consciousness to compel us to explore the dissonance in our current model of Existence. Follow the rabbit hole…and a richer Existence awaits.
    1. encapsulation refers to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination thereof:[3][4] A language mechanism for restricting direct access to some of the object's components.[5][6] A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods (or other functions) operating on that data.[1][7]
  21. Sep 2020
    1. “The Moonstone will have its vengeance yet on you and yours!”

      There's really quite a lot you could do to pull apart this phrase. First, why its vengeance? Is the Moonstone harmed in some way by being stolen? Or is it harmed by being used for a murder? And what could yours mean in this context? "Your family," probably, but what else? What's so interesting about "yours" here is precisely what it doesn't say.

  22. Aug 2020
    1. "Quote reply", if you stop and think about it, isn't really accurate (at least if "quote" is intended to be a verb) (at the very least, it's ambiguous), because you're not quoting the reply; you're creating a new reply that includes/quotes the original comment.
  23. Jul 2020
  24. Jun 2020
  25. May 2020
    1. Also known as "serverless", "client-side", or "static" web apps, unhosted web apps do not send your user data to their server. Either you connect your own server at runtime, or your data stays within the browser.

      serverless has another meaning (that does actually use a server) so I prefer the term "unhosted" since it has no such ambiguity.

      See also:

    1. A serverless app is an app that doesn't require a server for it to work. Most apps nowadays require a server, such as Facebook, quora, twitter etc. As a rule of thumb any app that doesn't connect to the internet is a serverless app (there are some others that are serverless but that is harder to tell). Flappy bird is an example you’ll be familiar with that is serverless.

      See also this comment:

      While this answer is true in the literal sense of the term, the question is most likely referring the new serverless trend in cloud infrastructure, with services like AWS Lambda and Iron.io.

    2. Serverless architectures allow you to build and run applications and services without having to manage infrastructure. Your application still runs on servers, but all the server management is done by Provider. You no longer have to provision, scale, and maintain servers to run your applications, databases, and storage systems.Serverless architecture accelerates development as a set of small, distinct, and independent actions. By abstracting away infrastructure, by doing this the developers can just concrete on building micro services/functions which performs some action and integrate with others to build a bigger service.
    1. This has too many, very different meanings.

      Especially these 2 which are themselves similar, but seem unlike the first 3:

      • an establishment engaged in doing business for another
      • an administrative division (as of a government) Both are basically an organization.
    1. This change was made because GitLab License Management is now renamed to GitLab License Compliance. After review with users and analysts, we determined that this new name better indicates what the feature is for, aligns with existing market terminology, and reduces confusion with GitLab subscription licensing features.
    1. This topic is not a support question

      This is hard to answer because I don't know what they classify as a "support question". For example, are bugs classified as a support question? So if it's a bug, should I check this or no?

      What is the purpose of this checkbox? If you could describe that, it would make it much easier to answer the question.

    1. An expression like 1/2x is interpreted as 1/(2x) by TI-82, as well as many modern Casio calculators,[16] but as (1/2)x by TI-83 and every other TI calculator released since 1996,[17] as well as by all Hewlett-Packard calculators with algebraic notation. While the first interpretation may be expected by some users due to the nature of implied multiplication, the latter is more in line with the standard rule that multiplication and division are of equal precedence,[18][19] where 1/2x is read one divided by two and the answer multiplied by x.
  26. Apr 2020
    1. Third, the focus should be centered on improving transparency rather than requesting systematic consents. Lack of transparency and clarity doesn’t allow informed and unambiguous consent (in particular, where privacy policies are lengthy, complex, vague and difficult to navigate). This ambiguity creates a risk of invalidating the consent.

      systematic consents

    1. Ambiguity over timing, especially on the Won't have category: whether it is not in this release or not ever
    1. When two different phenomena acquire the same label, as in the case of hackers in the classic sense on one hand and malicious security crackers on the other, either something has to give or discussion is bound to suffer from confusion that could easily have been avoided.
    1. Common usage of the term this way has been safe up until the time when everyone had another universally understood reason for using the term. At that point, it became ambiguous. Ambiguities can be resolved by context, but your context may be different from that of the person you are conversing with.
  27. Mar 2020
  28. Feb 2020
    1. create a new Slack app

      When I saw this in the "Slack API changelog: February 2019" newsletter episode:

      New Slack apps are the default

      New Slack apps, with subtler permissions and more intuitive behavior, are now the default when you create an app. Get started by building or migrating.

      I didn't really understand what they meant. I assumed they were talking about their Slack app -- the Slack app.

      (Of course if I had read the intro to the newsletter for some context, I probably would have understood. The intro said:

      Welcome to the Slack changelog newsletter. You’re receiving this because you built a Slack app, and we want to keep you informed about changes to the Slack APIs. … )

      How does one distinguish between the Slack app (created by Slack) and a Slack app (created by non-Slack)?

    1. at this point it is hard to tell if Amy is even making a comparison

      I enjoyed the acknowledgement of the ambiguity and how that impacted the meaning of the text. This added new, deeper meaning to the metaphor as it is used.

  29. Dec 2019
    1. [...] means that some text is missing. Brackets are necessary to avoid confusion. Without brackets, the reader might think that the original author used ellipsis. And the last thing we want when we quote text is to confuse the reader.
    1. The x mark is also sometimes used for this purpose (most notably on election ballot papers, e.g. in the United Kingdom), but otherwise usually indicates "no", incorrectness, or failure.
  30. Oct 2019
  31. May 2019
    1. an acute awareness of what their physical features actually are and why those features do not match up with the gender presentation expected of the gender with which they identify.

      If a person with Gender Dysphoria has Gender Confirmation Surgery it is not the same as someone with Body Dis-Morphia. Someone who knows they are not in the body they are supposed to be is having the surgery for different reasons. This is why it is not a mental illness and why we cannot call it a "sex change" anymore. Sex Change sounds too non-nonchalant rather than the person doing the surgery for a good reason, i.e. their mental health and happiness. Gender Confirmation Surgery sounds more accurate pointed to the persons' needs and affirms that this was their gender the whole time. When someone suffering from Body Dis-Morphia has a surgery it is because they have anxiety about their body and gender has nothing to do with it.

    2. bullying in childhood

      According to Doan, the coming out process is spatial as well as social. Research has mentioned that trauma is connected to Body Dis-Morphia. As discussed in class, people who are homosexual or trans are targets for violence in their childhoods both in the home and in school.

      It could also be that holding in your true gender or keeping it to yourself is harmful for your mental wellness. Children with Gender Dysphoria could be afraid to voice their discomfort in their bodies if they are surrounded by non-supporting spaces.

  32. Feb 2019
    1. set; if this is higher, the tree 2can be considered to fit the data less well

      To test the fit between data and more than one alternative tree, you can just do a bootstrap analysis, and map the results on a neighbour-net splits graph based on the same data.

      Note that the phangorn library includes functions to transfer information between trees/tree samples and trees and networks:<br/> Schliep K, Potts AJ, Morrison DA, Grimm GW. 2017. Intertwining phylogenetic trees and networks. Methods in Ecology and Evolution (DOI:10.1111/2041-210X.12760.)[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12760/full] – the basic functions and script templates are provided in the associated vignette.

  33. Nov 2018
    1. This is why, in the seemingly interminable debates about the ‘validity’ of neoliberalism as an analytical term, both sides are right: yes, on the one hand, the term is vague and can seemingly be applied to any manifestation of power, but, on the other, it does cover everything, which means it cannot be avoided either.

      Neoliberalism's ambiguity: it can describe anything, and yet is also everything.

  34. Sep 2018
    1. In Brave New World, by contrast, the evil is not so obvious because no one is hurt; indeed, this is a world in which everyone gets what they want.

      The author has created a great sense of ambiguity by using words such as Brave New World and evil. To say "evil is not obvious because no one is hurt" shows boldness in authors way of thinking. Evil has no real objective meaning and can create confusion in the minds of the readers. To say "this is a world which everyone gets what they want" sounds rather childish and unclear. Wouldn't such a world only lead to chaos?

  35. Apr 2017
    1. ~~~~!c:~Lsl!llation~~zili~!u~~s~~~~!9E,~~~~.~0~£~~.?rcO~I>1~~!:lI,J,SlillQr~Q!J!::§~..Qr~.nj~£4:.••

      the ambiguity of the sentence is mindblowing, so this structure could be anything and maybe but maybe not organized

    1. networkculture.Everythingusesandisused,andthereisnoclearboundarybetweentheoneandtheother.

      Re: my microresponse from 3/11 regarding Perelman, Burke, networks, community, and social fabric

  36. Mar 2017
    1. a network [une grille]

      Nice, I like the appearance of "network" here in this musing about "code", especially after our last class discussion about ambiguity ("code" is inherently ambiguous...) being entangled with itself, and ultimately supported by "spider webs" and "nets" and "molten masses" of various communications, à la Burke and Perelman.

    1. Even in the nineteenth century, a woman lived almost solely in her home and her emotions. And those nineteenth-century novels, remarkable as they were, were profoundly influenced by the fact that the women who wrote them were excluded by their sex from certain kinds of experience.

      This really makes me think of rhetoric in terms of the ambiguity that we have been discussing and the importance of being unable to classify it as one particular thought. In this instance, certain rhetoric can become an escape during unpleasant times and provide something that even life could not

    2. elasticity

      Is this elasticity similar to the ambiguity championed by Burke?

    1. Therefore, contained within Spinoza’s question is the radical idea that we not only don’t know what a body can do, but that we don’t even know what a body is.

      Ambiguity as "resource"?

    1. Accordingly, what we want is not terms that avoid ambiguity, but terms that clearly reveal the strategic spots at which ambiguities necessarily arise.

      Especially in regards to ambiguity, I read most of this article as stretching the ideas of Richards and Ogden further.

  37. Jun 2016
    1. Annie Sauter says: May 28, 2016 at 9:28 am

      Susan, did you read this comment. Kinda captured my own lostness but not quite. I get the feeling that I need to give up some of my...contextity? That's like saying "Hoist anchor" in a storm. And that really is a way of breaking smart if it saves your damned life. Our political life is exactly like this now. The contextity is killing us. Hoist the fucking anchor or be dragged down with it when the storm batters hell out of you. Here I am again trying to put down the meaning anchor. This is hard to do when you have spent your whole life trying to understand and do and drive uncertainty and ambiguity to ground. I think maybe the key for me to is to feel my way with a new set of antennae, nascent and emergent antennae.

    1. 29/ But big picture, the range of possible futures for humanity depends on our individual and collective ambiguity tolerance. 30/ Ours is an age of low ambiguity tolerance and a hunger for one determinate future for all. Resist! Increase your ambiguity tolerance. Help keep the future indeterminate!

      How to break smart--increase your ambiguity tolerance.

    2. Ambiguity resolution is an act of imagination.

      Aphorist heaven

    3. To resolve ambiguity is to add meaning and interpretation to information.

      I wonder how, in its use here, ambiguity is akin to curation. Noun v verb? Is v am?

    4. Ambiguity

      The question that ambiguity evokes: what am I looking at? The question that uncertainty evokes: what do I do with what I am looking at?

      Does the first question precede the second as we move through the world?

    5. there is an aspect to information processing that is not a "doing" skill but a "seeing" skill: this is ambiguity wrangling.

      What Rao sez,

      We live in a world with gradually increasing levels of uncertainty and ambiguity. Over the last few decades we've become much more comfortable with uncertainty, but still suck at dealing with ambiguity. Ambiguity is not knowing what you are looking at, as in those trick drawings that look like a rabbit one way, a duck another way. Uncertainty is not knowing what to do with what you're looking at. Unlike uncertainty, which is about missing or noisy information, ambiguity can exist even with complete, clean information. It is about interpretation and meaning, and is as such a truly creative act of seeing.

  38. Sep 2015
    1. A very fundamental property to maintain in ontologies are the identity criteria. There is fundamental work by Nicola Guarino et al. about making ontological distinctions based on identity criteria, which led to the DOLCE ontology. For the Semantic Web, we must try ensure two things: a) that different parties see one thing as one, both at the same time and diachronically b) that things have well-defined properties.
    1. all representations have essentially the same information content. And what we mean by "essentially" allows in fact some wriggle room, and in the end it rests on a common understanding between publisher of the information and quoter of the URI. The sameness we are after is the sameness of information content. That is what is identified by the URI. That is why we say that the URI identifies that conceptual information content, irrespective of its particular representation: the conceptual work. Without that common understanding, the web does not work. Some people have said, "If we say that URIs identify people, nothing breaks". But all the time they, day to day, rely on sameness of the information things on the web, and use URIs with that implicit assumption. As we formalize how the web works, we have to make that assumption explicit.
    2. I'm sticking with the machine-processable languages as examples because human-processable ones like HTML have a level of ambiguity traditional in human natural language but quite out of place in the WWW infrastructure -- or the Semantic Web.
    3. we must either distinguish or be hopelessly fuzzy. And is this bad, is it an inhibition to have to work our way though documents before we can talk about whatever we desire? I would argue not, because it is very important not to lose track of the reasons for our taking and processing any piece of information. The process of publishing and reading is a real social process between social entities, not mechanical agents. To be socially responsible, to be able to handle trust, and so on, we must be aware of these operations. The difference between a car and what some web page says about it is crucial - not only when you are buying a car. Some have opined that the abstraction of the document is nonsense, and all that exists, when a web page describes a car, is the car and various representations of it, the HTML, PNG and GIF bit streams. This is however very weak in my opinion. The various representations have much more in common than simply the car. And the relationship to the car can be many and varied: home page, picture, catalog entry, invoice, remote control panel, weblog, and so on. The document itself is an important part of society - to dismiss its existence is to prevent us being aware of human and aspects of information without which we are impoverished. By contrast, the difference between different representations of the document (GIF or PNG image for example) is very small, and the relationship between versions of a document which changes through time a very strong one.
    4. It demonstrates the ambiguity of natural language that no significant problem had been noticed over the past decade, even though the original author or HTTP , and later co-author of HTTP 1.1 who also did his PhD thesis on an analysis of the web, and both of whom have worked with Web protocols ever since, had had conflicting ideas of what the various terms actually mean.
    5. an HTTP URI may identify something with a vagueness as to the dimensions above, but it still must be used to refer to a unique conceptual object whose various representations have a very large a mount in common. Formally, it is the publisher which defines the what an HTTP URI identifies, and so one should look to the publisher for a commitment as to the exact nature of the identity along these axes.
  39. Feb 2014
    1. Beginning the issue with “are” or “is” often leads to a clearer and more concise expression of the issue than beginning it with “may,” “can,” “does,” or “should.” The latter beginnings may lead to vague or ambiguous versions of the issue. Examine the following alternative statements of the judicial issue from Aiken Industries, Inc. (TC, 1971), acq.: Issue 2 (Poor): Are the interest payments exempt from the withholding tax? Issue 2 (Poor): Should the taxpayer exempt the interest payments from withholding tax? In the first version of issue 2 above, to which interest payments and which withholding tax is the writer referring? The issue does not stand alone since it cannot be precisely understood apart from separately reading the brief�s facts. The extreme brevity leads to ambiguity. In the second version, the question can be interpreted as a moral or judgment issue rather than a legal one. Whether the taxpayer should do (or should not do) something may be a very different issue than the legal question of what the law requires. A legal brief, however, should focus on the latter. Rewriting issue 2 as follows leads to a clearer expression of the precise issue: Issue 2 (Better): Are interest payments exempt from the U.S. 30% withholding tax when paid to an entity established in a tax treaty country for no apparent purpose other than to escape taxation on the interest received?

      Extreme brevity leads to ambiguity. The summary of the issue should be written to avoid opening the question to interpretation as a moral or judgment issue; instead focus on the legal question.

  40. Jan 2014
  41. Oct 2013