1,001 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. Filled with photographs, graphs, and tables, thepropaganda of the Office for Racial Politics made the crucial dis-tinction between quantity and quality—Zahl und Güte—easy tounderstand. Unlike Streicher’s vulgar antisemitic newspaper, DerStürmer, the Neues Volk appeared to be objective, a sobering state-ment of the difficult facts of life

      hiding behind objectivity. ppl saying things and being like well its just fact w/o the ability to double check

    1. But many other people who know about the dangers still seemstrangely silent. When pressed, they trot out the “this is nothing new”riposte—as if awareness of what could happen is response enough.They tell me, There are universities filled with bioethicists who studythis stuff all day long. They say, All this has been written about before,and by experts. They complain, Your worries and your arguments arealready old hat.

      For so many issues we face the "nothing new" argument seems to abound. It's not just the bioethics issues Joy points out, but even things like fascism and Nazism.

      How to better argue these points for society so we aren't always having to re-hoe the same row?

  2. Jan 2024
    1. Doing that requires new approaches to organizing for transformation where multiple initiatives connect, cohere, and amplify their individual and collective transformative action

      for - key insight - global movement requirements - new organising system - indyweb /Indranet - people-centered - interpersonal - individual collective gestalt - a foundational idea of indyweb / Indranet epistemology - Deep Humanity - epistemological foundation of indyweb / Indranet

      • The world cannot wait
      • for us to learn or know everything that we need to know
      • for bringing about purposeful system change
      • towards desired and broadly shared aspirations
      • for a more
        • equitable,
        • just, and
        • ecologically flourishing
      • world.
      • The key question before us is
        • how to become transformation catalysts
        • that work with numerous associated
          • initiatives and
          • leaders
        • to form
          • purposeful and
          • action-oriented
        • transformation systems
        • that build on the collective strength inherent
        • in the many networks already working towards transformation.
      • Doing that requires new approaches
      • to organizing for transformation
      • where multiple initiatives
        • connect,
        • cohere, and
        • amplify
      • their
        • individual and
        • collective
      • transformative actions

      Comment - indyweb / Indranet is ideally suited for this - seeing the mention of individual and collective in a sentence surfaced the new Deep Humanity concept of individual collective gestalt that is intrinsic to the epistemological foundation of the Indyweb / Indranet - This is reflected in the words to describe the Indyweb / Indranet as people-centered and interpersonal

    1. in general countries tend to excavate enormous volumes of earth and this earth is incredibly considered as a waste material

      for - circular economy - building - excavation waste - circular economy - construction - excavation waste - key insight - repurpose excavation waste as building material

      key insight - She makes an pretty important observation about the inefficiency of current linear construction process - The excavation part requires enormous amounts of energy, and the earth that is excavated is treated as waste that must be disposed of AT A COST! - Instead, with a paradigm shift of earth as a valuable building resource, the excavation PRODUCES the building materials! - This is precisely what BC Material's circular economy business model is and it makes total sense!<br /> - With a simple paradigm and perspective shift, waste is suddenly transformed into a resource! - waste2resource - waste-to-resource

      new meme - Waste-2-Resource

    1. Die Desinformation zur globalen Erhitzung hat sich von der Klimaleugnung hin zum Säen von Zweifeln an möglichen Lösungen verschoben. Einer neuer Studie zufolge sind wichtige Strategien auf Youdas Tube das Herunterspielen der negativen Konsequenzen, Erzeugen von Misstrauen in die Klimaforschung und vor allem die Behauptung, dass vorhandene technische Lösungen nicht praktikabel sind. Außerdem werden Verschwörungstheorien wie die vom Grand Reset bemüht. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2024/01/17/news/negazionismo_climatico_youtube-421894897/

      Studie: https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CCDH-The-New-Climate-Denial_FINAL.pdf

    1. Cosmo-local identities. A new type of glue, based on the commons

      for - cosmo local identity - new social glue - cosmo local identity - new social laminin

      • What does contributing to a common mean?

      • Take permaculture as an example:

        • you stand with your feet in the mud, a metaphor for reconnecting with the land and the earth, without whose cultivation no one can survive.
        • The permaculturists’ heart is in their local community, but
          • their brain and
          • the other part of their heart
        • are in the commons of global permaculture.
        • They have extended their identity beyond the local,
          • acquiring a trans-local and trans-national identity.
        • They haven’t done so through an alienating concept of corporate globalisation,
          • like an uprooted elite individual,
        • but through deep participation in a true constructive community,
          • which is helping to solve the metacrisis that alienates most of us.
      • Cosmolocalism is synonymous with deep-rooted but extremely rapid global innovation
    1. Instance methods Instances of Models are documents. Documents have many of their own built-in instance methods. We may also define our own custom document instance methods. // define a schema const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String }, { // Assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema through schema options. // By following this approach, there is no need to create a separate TS type to define the type of the instance functions. methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } }); // Or, assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); }; Now all of our animal instances have a findSimilarTypes method available to them. const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema); const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog' }); dog.findSimilarTypes((err, dogs) => { console.log(dogs); // woof }); Overwriting a default mongoose document method may lead to unpredictable results. See this for more details. The example above uses the Schema.methods object directly to save an instance method. You can also use the Schema.method() helper as described here. Do not declare methods using ES6 arrow functions (=>). Arrow functions explicitly prevent binding this, so your method will not have access to the document and the above examples will not work.

      Certainly! Let's break down the provided code snippets:

      1. What is it and why is it used?

      In Mongoose, a schema is a blueprint for defining the structure of documents within a collection. When you define a schema, you can also attach methods to it. These methods become instance methods, meaning they are available on the individual documents (instances) created from that schema.

      Instance methods are useful for encapsulating functionality related to a specific document or model instance. They allow you to define custom behavior that can be executed on a specific document. In the given example, the findSimilarTypes method is added to instances of the Animal model, making it easy to find other animals of the same type.

      2. Syntax:

      Using methods object directly in the schema options:

      javascript const animalSchema = new Schema( { name: String, type: String }, { methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } } );

      Using methods object directly in the schema:

      javascript animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };

      Using Schema.method() helper:

      javascript animalSchema.method('findSimilarTypes', function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); });

      3. Explanation in Simple Words with Examples:

      Why it's Used:

      Imagine you have a collection of animals in your database, and you want to find other animals of the same type. Instead of writing the same logic repeatedly, you can define a method that can be called on each animal instance to find similar types. This helps in keeping your code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) and makes it easier to maintain.

      Example:

      ```javascript const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const { Schema } = mongoose;

      // Define a schema with a custom instance method const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String });

      // Add a custom instance method to find similar types animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };

      // Create the Animal model using the schema const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);

      // Create an instance of Animal const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog', name: 'Buddy' });

      // Use the custom method to find similar types dog.findSimilarTypes((err, similarAnimals) => { console.log(similarAnimals); }); ```

      In this example, findSimilarTypes is a custom instance method added to the Animal schema. When you create an instance of the Animal model (e.g., a dog), you can then call findSimilarTypes on that instance to find other animals with the same type. The method uses the this.type property, which refers to the type of the current animal instance. This allows you to easily reuse the logic for finding similar types across different instances of the Animal model.

      Certainly! Let's go through each part and explain it in simple terms: ### 1. `this` in Mongoose: - **What is `this`?** In JavaScript, `this` refers to the current context or object. In Mongoose, particularly within methods and middleware functions, `this` represents the instance (document) the function is currently operating on. - **Why is it used?** `this` is used to access and modify the properties of the current document. For example, in a Mongoose method, `this` allows you to refer to the fields of the specific document the method is called on. ### 2. Example: Let's use the `userSchema.pre("save", ...)`, which is a Mongoose middleware, as an example: ```javascript userSchema.pre("save", async function (next) { if (!this.isModified("password")) { next(); } else { this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 10); next(); } }); ``` - **Explanation in Simple Words:** - Imagine you have a system where users can sign up and set their password. - Before saving a new user to the database, you want to ensure that the password is securely encrypted (hashed) using a library like `bcrypt`. - The `userSchema.pre("save", ...)` is a special function that runs automatically before saving a user to the database. - In this function: - `this.isModified("password")`: Checks if the password field of the current user has been changed. - If the password is not modified, it means the user is not updating their password, so it just moves on to the next operation (saving the user). - If the password is modified, it means a new password is set or the existing one is changed. In this case, it uses `bcrypt.hash` to encrypt (hash) the password before saving it to the database. - The use of `this` here is crucial because it allows you to refer to the specific user document that's being saved. It ensures that the correct password is hashed for the current user being processed. In summary, `this` in Mongoose is a way to refer to the current document or instance, and it's commonly used to access and modify the properties of that document, especially in middleware functions like the one demonstrated here for password encryption before saving to the database.

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    1. Die obersten 2000 m der Ozeane haben 2023 15 Zettajoule Wärme mehr absorbiert als 2022. Die Erwärmung dieser Schichten verringert den Austausch mit den kälteren unteren Schichten und belastet die marinen Ökosysteme dadurch zusätzlich. Bisher sind keine Zeichen für eine Beschleunigung der Zunahme des Wärmehinhalts im Verhältnis zu den Vorjahren zu erkennen. Die Oberflächentemperatur der Ozeane lag im ersten Halbjahr 0,1°, im zweiten Halbjahr aber für die Wissenschaft überraschende 0,3 Grad über der des Jahres 2022. Schwere Zyklone, darunter der längste bisher beobachtete überhaupt, trafen vor allem besonders vulnerable Gebiete.

      https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/11/ocean-warming-temperatures-2023-extreme-weather-data

      Study: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

      Report: https://www.globalwater.online/#content

    1. And because the upsides are so obvious, it’s particularly important to step back and ask ourselves, what are the possible downsides? … How do we get the benefits of this while mitigating the risk?”
      • for: progress trap - urgent need for a new science

      • comment

        • Science and technology are constantly producing progress traps. Climate crisis is a major example, but there are so many other. We really and urgently need to motivate for a new field of study of progress traps in general.
  3. Dec 2023
      • for: James Hansen - 2023 paper, key insight - James Hansen, leverage point - emergence of new 3rd political party, leverage point - youth in politics, climate change - politics, climate crisis - politics

      • Key insight: James Hansen

        • The key insight James Hansen conveys is that
          • the key to rapid system change is
            • WHAT? the rapid emergence of a new, third political party that does not take money from special interest lobbys.
            • WHY? Hit the Achilles heel of the Fossil Fuel industry
            • HOW? widespread citizen / youth campaign to elect new youth leaders across the US and around the globe
            • WHEN? Timing is critical. In the US,
              • Don't spoil the vote for the two party system in 2024 elections. Better to have a democracy than a dictatorship.
              • Realistically, likely have to wait to be a contender in the 2028 election.
      • reference

    1. Washington is a swamp it we throw out one party the other one comes in they take money from special interests and we don't have a government that's serving the interests 01:25:09 of the public that's what I think we have to fix and I don't see how we do that unless we have a party that takes no money from special interests
      • for: key insight- polycrisis - climate crisis - political crisis, climate crisis - requires a new political party, money in politics, climate crisis - fossil fuel lobbyists, climate change - politics, climate crisis - politics, James Hansen - key insight - political action - 3rd party

      • key insight

        • Both democrats and conservatives are captured by fossil fuel lobbyist interests
        • A new third political party that does not take money from special interests is required
        • The nature of the polycrisis is that crisis are entangled . This is a case in point. The climate crisis cannot be solved unless the political crisis of money influencing politics is resolved
        • The system needs to be rapidly reformed to kick money of special interest groups out of politics.
      • question

        • Given the short timescale, the earliest we can achieve this is 2028 in the US Election cycle
        • Meanwhile what can we do in between?
        • How much impact can alternative forms of local governance like https://sonec.org/ have?
        • In particular, could citizens form local alternative forms of governance and implement incentives to drive sustainable behavior?
    1. And now I will introduce a phrase,New Encyclopedism. I want to suggestthat something which for a time I shallcall World Encyclopedia is the meanswhereby we can solve the problem ofthat jigsaw puzzle and bring all the scat-tered and ineffective mental wealth ofour world into something like a commonunderstanding and into effective reac-tion upon our political, social, and eco-nomic life.

      Is it the dramatically increased complexity of a polity so organized that prevents it from being organized in the first place? If some who believe in conspiracies or who can't come to terms with the complexity of evolution and prefer to rely on God as a motivating factor similarly can't come to terms with such a complex society, could it be formed? Many today have issues with the complexity of international trade much less more complex forms of organization.

      Might there be a way to leverage "God" sociologically to improve upon this as the motivating force instead? Could that or something similar be a solution?

    1. This leads to a sense of belonging, more trust and solidarity among each other.
      • for: community group - building social capital, recommunitifying the community, recommunitify the community

      new portmanteau: recommunitify - means to put community back in the world community, to build social capital in a community that is lacking it

    2. At the same time, more andmore people are demanding a different political culture, transparent decision-making and real partici-pation in political decision-making processes 18 . The crises challenge us to develop and implement newforms of solidarity, citizenship and political action in the sense of a vita activa
      • for: vita activa, new forms of political participation
    1. it has happened before in the past the great german existential philosopher carl jaspers has spoke of the axial age between 600 bc 01:15:42 bce and 200 bce during which five human civilizations all shifted their cosmologies simultaneously they weren't communicating much with each other but that shift in cosmology laid the groundwork for modernity we may 01:15:56 be on the cusp of a second axial age in the 21st century and and because the moment that we face as a species is completely unprecedented we've never been in a situation like this before so it's it's quite conceivable that 01:16:09 unprecedented positive changes are possible for us
      • for: story of hope - a new axial age
    1. I disagree. What is expressed is an attempt to solve X by making something that should maybe be agnostic of time asynchronous. The problem is related to design: time taints code. You have a choice: either you make the surface area of async code grow and grow or you treat it as impure code and you lift pure synchronous logic in an async context. Without more information on the surrounding algorithm, we don't know if the design decision to make SymbolTable async was the best decision and we can't propose an alternative. This question was handled superficially and carelessly by the community.

      superficially and carelessly?

    1. For a flip-of-a-coin chance of staying at or below 1.5°C we have, globally, just five to eight years of current emissions before we blow our carbon budget
      • for: do people know? - 50% chance, 1.5 Deg. C target - is still a crap shoot

      • new trailmark: do people know?

      • do people know?: 50% chance

        • the well known 1.5 Deg C. target, which currently seems almost impossible to achieve, is still a crap shoot! There is a 50% chance that if be we achieve it, we can still trigger very harmful impacts like tipping points
    1. there are sort of 00:17:41 two broad um programs or ideas that deal with this or that try to engage with this issue they have pockets of support 00:17:52 one is the idea of a green New Deal or a global Green New Deal and the other one is degrowth and and I don't think that either of those work for different reasons
      • for: quote, climate futures - both green new deal and regrowth don't work, green new deal - criticism, degrowth - criticism
      • for: futures - neo-Venetian crypto-networks, Global Chinese Commons, GCC, cosmolocal, coordiNation, somewheres, everywheres, nowheres, Global System One, Global System Two, Global System Three, contributory accounting, fourth sector, protocol cooperative, mutual coordination economics

      • summary

      • learned something new
        • I learned a number of new ideas from reading Michel's article. He gives a brief meta-history of our political-socio-economic system, using Peter Pogany's framework of Global System One, Two and Three and within this argues for why a marriage of blockchain systems and cosmolocal production systems could create a "fourth sector" for the transition to Global System Three.
        • He cites evidence of existing trends already pointing in this direction, drawing from his research in P2P Foundation
    1. does your scholarship suggest why so many societies do that rather than 00:20:09 saying maybe we start with a Declaration of Human Rights today maybe we write a new one from scratch based on what we know today um because it's very difficult to reach an agreement between a lot of 00:20:21 people and also you know you need to base a a a a real Society is something something extremely complex which you need to base on empirical experience 00:20:34 every time that people try to create a completely new social order just by inventing some Theory it ends very badly you need on yes you do need the ability 00:20:46 to change things a long time but not too quickly and not everything at once so most of the time you have these founding principles and shr find in this 00:20:58 or that text also orally it doesn't have to be written down and at least good societies also have mechanisms to change it but you have to start from some kind 00:21:12 of of of of social consensus and some kind of of social experience if every year we try to invent everything from scratch then Society will just collapse
      • for: insight - creating new social norms is difficult

      • insight

        • creating new social norms is difficult because society is complex
        • society adheres to existing social norms. Adding something new is always a challenge
        • social norms are like the rules of a game. If you change the rules too often, it doesn't work. Society needs stable rules.
      • analogy: changing social norms, sports

        • changing social norms is difficult. Imagine changing the rules off a sports competition each time you play.
    2. what you're referring to is the idea that people come together and through language culture and story they have narratives that then create their own realities like the 00:12:04 sociologist abely the sociologist wi Thomas said if people think people believe things to be real then they are real in their consequences
      • for: Thomas Theorem, The definition of the situation, William Isaac Thomas, Dorothy Swain Thomas, definition - Thomas Theorem, definition - definition of the situation, conflicting belief systems - Thomas theorem, learned something new - Thomas theorem

      • definition: Thomas Theorem

      • definition: definition of the situation
        • "The Thomas theorem is a theory of sociology which was formulated in 1928 by William Isaac Thomas and Dorothy Swaine Thomas:

      If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.[1]

      In other words, the interpretation of a situation causes the action. This interpretation is not objective. Actions are affected by subjective perceptions of situations. Whether there even is an objectively correct interpretation is not important for the purposes of helping guide individuals' behavior.|

  4. Nov 2023
    1. In a scenario that hits global net zero emissions by 2050, declines in demand are sufficiently steep that no new long lead-time conventional oil and gas projects are required. Some existing production would even need to be shut in. In 2040, more than 7 million barrels per day of oil production is pushed out of operation before the end of its technical lifetime in a 1.5 °C scenario.
      • for: stats - oil and gas industry - steep drop in production

      • stats - oil and gas industry - steep drop in production

        • no new fields can be developed to meet a 1.5 Deg C scenario
        • any new developments face the certain risk of being a stranded asset
        • by 2040, 7 million less barrels of oil are produced each day to meet a 1.5 Deg C scenario
      • for: enthnography - Jarawa, African-Asian tribe, Alexandre Dereims, human origins - Jawara, anthropology - Jarawa, Andaman archipelago

      • summary

        • An extraordinary film by filmmaker Alexandre Dereims about the isolated Jawara people, believed to be one of the first peoples to migrate out of Africa and who landed in an island off the coast of India. Their way of life has not changed for tens of thousands of years but unfortunately, is being quickly eroded by the influences of modernity.
        • This film documents the life of this ancient tribe, who until recently lived in complete isolation from modernity. Dereims illegally entered the territory to film the Jawara tribe and give them a voice in the context of the Indian governments continual exploitation of the tribe for tourism and their agenda to confiscate their land for modern development.
        • The film is a realtime record of how rapidly colonialism and the transformation of takes place. We hear the voices of the Jawara as they speak of the incremental exploitation and corruption of the modern world on their people. When we see this, we realize how little has changed since the 14th century when global colonialism began.
        • Instead of preserving the Jawara to have a living reminder of our ancient past and the wonder of human evolution, we myopically exploit them. What a sad commentary on humanity.
      • new trailmark: deeper reflections

        • this trailmark is used to capture deeper reflections not captured in the initial annotation
        • this often occurs for me there next day after a night's sleep.
        • I believe it happens because the intuitive gut feeling that initially attracted me to the story is not so easily accessible. It could be complex, entangled and difficult to articulate and/or subconscious
      • deeper reflections

        • our own process of cultural construction
          • the living Jawara are so valuable ethnographically and anthropologically because they are living, breathing examples of how culture constructs us -
        • adjacency between - Jawara people - Ronald Wright's computer analogy for modern humans
          • Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE)
            • Deep Humanity
          • adjacency statement
            • The comparison between the cultural differences between the Jawara people and we modernly enculturated humans is striking. Perhaps not as striking as feral children but still striking. It shows us how easily we ourselves could have such a different experience of life and Worldview if we were born into the Jawara tribe today.
            • As Ronald Wright noted, there is likely no difference between the human mental capacity of our 50,000 year old ancestors and ourselves
            • The significance of their existence is living proof of CCE, a profound Deep Humanity teaching about how we humans construct the meaningverse and symbolosphere so critical to intertwingled individual and collective experience of reality
            • The Jawara and other isolated ingenious progress should be treated with the greatest respect and esteem for being the living examples of our cultural evolution that teaches us the deepest lessons of what we are as humans and how culture profoundly shapes us
            • At a minimum, all the tourists the the Indian government have allowed to visit them, as well as the tourist operators should have mandatory Deep Humanity training before being allowed any contact with them in order to preserve their dignity
            • striping away all the amenities of modern life, we can see how happy they Jawara people are with so little
            • this is a lesson on recognising the wonder of simply being alive, an invaluable Deep. Humanity lesson
    1. This myth is mostly the blame of the novelist Washington Irving
      • for: Washington Irving, book - the History of New York, book - A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus

      • comment

        • Irving was a American writer who wrote fiction for the intent of stoking nationalism. He bent the truth in many ways.
        • Among his most famous and impactful historical lies that Irving fabricated in his book on Columbus was that prior to Columbus, the majority of educated people thought the earth was flat. In fact, most educated people believed the earth to be round during the time of Columbus.
      • interesting fact: knickerbocker

        • The term knickerbocker originated in the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker that Irving chose for his book "A History of New York"
    1. The collection was digitized in 1998-2000 through the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Initially, some digital content was limited to onsite access through dedicated work stations available only at the Library of Congress, The New School in New York City, and the Hannah Arendt Center at the University of Oldenburg, Germany. This updated digital presentation of the Hannah Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress is now available publicly online in its entirety.
    1. you can train them it has memory you can train it you can take a a trained one and a naive one and fuse them they 00:39:24 they'll fuse together and then the memory sort of propagates and the naive one will now remember you know have the memory that that the other one had um no nerves no no brain um single cell
      • for: Michael Levin - slime mold experiment, question - new theory of consciousness from a single cell

      • question

        • is it possible that a theory can be constructed to explain consciousness from the behavior of a single cell organism such as a slime mold?
    1. Ausstieg Deutschlands aus dem UN-Migrationspakt

      besser: ausstieg aus der UN

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7D_SnySls0<br /> Coin Bureau – Who Controls The World?

      7:02 die UN wird kontrolliert von den veto-mächten (frankreich, russland, china, USA, england)<br /> also deutschland ist nur eine kolonie der USA<br /> (dabei sollte deutschland eine kolonie von russland sein, weil russland ist viel näher…)

      23:31 countries that have imposed sanctions on russia: USA, canada, germany, UK, australia, japan, …

  5. Oct 2023
  6. Sep 2023
    1. Our future will involve a highly diverse space of novel beings in every possible combination of evolved cellular material, designed engineered components, and software. How do we know what we should expect from intelligences in unconventional embodiments?
    1. Steve Bannon I mean to my to my delight 00:25:29 and horror read an entire section of my book team human aloud on war room pandemic and it was a section of the book that I looked at and I still there's nothing I can really change in it to defend it from being used in that 00:25:42 context
      • for:Douglas Rushkoff, Steve Bannon quoting Douglas Rushkoff, recontextualize, misquote, disquote
      • new portmanteau meaning: disquote
        • quoting another person but with a context opposite to the original author's
          • from disinformation
      • comment
        • thinking of what Douglas Rushkoff felt about Steven Bannon's use of his writing in a way that is opposite to what Rushkoff aspires to and advocates for,
          • we could not use the word "misquote" because it was verbatim
          • the portmanteau "disquote" can imply disinformation but it has a meaning that means a fake attribution of a quote, which is not quite right here
          • however, Bannon used Rushkoff's book chapter in a polar opposite context, to resonate with the pain of the masses, but lead to an end result that is diametrically opposite to the ultimate wellbeing of the hurt masses
          • this suggests a new meaning for the word "disquote", a quote used for quite divergent context
        • From a "Team Human" perspective, far right propaganda can be seen as using the content generated by the left in order to justify authoritarianism position that further consolidate power of the elites
        • The left critiques the many failings of neoliberalism and destructive capitalism by pointing out the social and ecological harm it causes and the same critiques can be coopted by the far right to rally the masses harmed by neoliberal policies.
        • The failing of the elite neoliberal class breaks up team human into perceived polarized team left and team far right (populist), where team populist is now mis-perceived to be the standard bearer of social justice.
        • The far right is stepping in to fill the gap of reacting to the enormous harm caused by neoliberal policies, but their solutions come with their own serious problems.
        • Team human, in the wide sense of the term must reclaim the territory for humanity
      • for: system change, polycrisis, extreme weather, planetary tipping points, climate disruption, climate chaos, tipping point, hothouse earth, new meme, deep transformation
      • title: The Great Disruption has Begun
      • author: Paul Gilding
      • date: Sept 3, 2023
      • source: https://www.paulgilding.com/cockatoo-chronicles/the-great-disruption-has-begun
      • summary

        • good q uick opening paragraphs that summarize the plethora of extreme events in 2023 up to Sept 2023 (but misses the Canadian Wildfires) and also the list of potential planetary tipping points that are giving indication of being at the threshold.
        • He makes a good point about the conservative nature of science that underestimates impacts due to the inertia of scientific study.
        • Coins a good meme
          • Everything, everywhere, all at once
        • He ties all the various crisis together to show the many components of the wicked problem we face
        • finally what it comes down to is that we cannot stop the coming unprecedented changes but we can and must slow it down as much as possible and we should be prepared for a wild ride
      • comment

        • It would be a good educational tool for deep and transformative climate education to map all these elements of the polycrisis and show their feedbacks and interactions, especially how it relates to socio-economic impacts to motivate transformative change and mobilize the urgency now required.
  7. Aug 2023
    1. Across the region, roads buckled, car windows cracked and power cables melted. The emerald fringes of conifers browned overnight, as if singed by flame. Entire cherry orchards were destroyed, the fruit stewed on the trees. More than 650,000 farm animals died of heat stress. Hundreds of thousands of honeybees perished, their organs exploding outside their bodies. Billions of shoreline creatures, especially shellfish, simply baked to death, strewing beaches with empty shells and a fetid stench that lingered for weeks. Birds and insects went unnervingly silent. All the while the skies were hazy but clear, the air preternaturally still, not a cloud in sight. The air pressure was so high they’d all dissipated.
      • for: climate communication, polycrisis communication, Canadian fires, Canadian wildfires, Canadian forest fires
      • quote

        • Across the region,
          • roads buckled,
          • car windows cracked and
          • power cables melted.
        • The emerald fringes of conifers browned overnight,
          • as if singed by flame.
        • Entire cherry orchards were destroyed, the fruit stewed on the trees.
        • More than 650,000 farm animals died of heat stress.
        • Hundreds of thousands of honeybees perished,
          • their organs exploding outside their bodies.
        • Billions of shoreline creatures,
          • especially shellfish,
        • simply baked to death,
          • strewing beaches with empty shells and a fetid stench that lingered for weeks.
        • Birds and insects went unnervingly silent.
        • All the while the skies were hazy but clear, the air preternaturally still, not a cloud in sight.
        • The air pressure was so high they’d all dissipated.
      • author: Anne Shibata Casselman

      • date: Aug, 2023
      • source:

      • comment

        • this description is so visceral that it should be made into a short movie,
        • a new communication format more powerful than mainstream media presently uses is to record the actual substantial and visceral impacts with video and show to the public
    1. The challenge is that we're now nearly thirty years in the future and despite the best efforts of many people, we haven't yet cracked the nut of sustainable business or sustainability more broadly.
      • new trailmark: - new trailmark
        • replace "for" with "adjacency"
      • adjacency
        • between
          • sustainability
          • failure,
          • root causes
      • source: reason why the author started asking the question:
        • what's missing in sustainability that makes it unachievable after decades of trying?
    1. Wardrip-Fruin, Noah, and Nick Montfort, eds. The New Media Reader. MIT Press, 2002. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262232272/the-new-media-reader/.

      Detlef Stern (@t73fde@mastodon.social) (accessed:: 2023-08-23 12:55:47)

      Eines der wunderbarsten Bücher, die ich in letzter Zeit studierte: "The New Media Reader". Sowohl inhaltlich (grundlegende Texte von 1940-1994, Borges, Bush, Turing, Nelson, Kay, Goldberg, Engelbart, ... Berners-Lee), als auch von der Liebe zum herausgeberischem Detail (papierne Links, Druckqualität, ...). Nicht nur für #pkm und #zettelkasten Fanatiker ein Muss. Man sieht gut, welchen Weg wir mit Computern noch vor uns haben. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262232272/the-new-media-reader/

    1. Rượu vang New Zealand: Bản giao hưởng phong vị của miền ôn hòa Rượu vang New Zealand là một sự kết hợp tinh tế giữa đất và khí hậu độc đáo của quốc gia này, tạo nên những loại rượu vang độc đáo và tinh tế. Vùng đất đa dạng và nền địa chất độc đáo tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc trồng nho tại New Zealand. Các giống nho chủ đạo như Sauvignon Blanc và Pinot Noir đã thể hiện sự đa dạng về hương vị và mùi thơm, từ hương trái cây tươi sáng đến hương hoa và mùi đất trồng. Rượu vang New Zealand không chỉ là sản phẩm nông nghiệp mà còn là tác phẩm nghệ thuật của sự hoà quyện giữa người và thiên nhiên, mang đến trải nghiệm thú vị cho người yêu vang.

    1. When the Welsh social reformer Robert Owen established New Harmony in 1825, on 20,000 acres in Indiana, he attracted an enthusiastic following, gaining more than 800 members in just a little over six weeks.
      • for: intentional communities - case study - New Harmony
      • paraphrase
        • New Harmony
        • Year: 1825
        • Location: Indiana
        • Size: 20,000 acres
        • Members: 800 in first 6 weeks
        • ideals
          • environment
          • education
          • abolish private property
        • problems
          • low percentage of hard skills
            • 140 of 800 had skills contributing to local industry,
            • 36 were skilled farmers
          • indiscriminate and allowed too many without skills to join
          • intentional communities are often the most attractive for a dangerous constellation of actors
            • dreamers,
            • drifters,
            • seekers in need of belonging,
            • the needy and wounded,
            • the egomaniacal and power-thirsty
            • free riders, lazy and without skills
          • founder was absent a large percentage of the time
    1. **Giới thiệu rượu vang New Zealand **

      Rượu vang New Zealand, một hành trình khám phá vị thế thiên nhiên trong từng hũ mật nho. Với các vùng nho nổi tiếng như Marlborough, Central Otago và Hawke's Bay, New Zealand đã khẳng định vị thế của mình trong cộng đồng rượu vang quốc tế. Giống nho Sauvignon Blanc, biểu tượng của đất nước này, cùng với Pinot Noir, Chardonnay và Riesling, tạo ra những chai vang tươi mát và đa dạng.

  8. Jul 2023
    1. Italian immigrants were welcomed into Louisiana after the Civil War, when the planter class was in desperate need of cheap labor to replace newly emancipated black people, who were leaving backbreaking jobs in the fields for more gainful employment.

      They were sent directly to New Orleans. Here begins the association with African Americans.

  9. Jun 2023
    1. I think we have a responsibility not only to ourselves, but also to each other, to our community, not to use Ruby only in the ways that are either implicitly or explicitly promoted to us, but to explore the fringes, and wrestle with new and experimental features and techniques, so that as many different perspectives as possible inform on the question of “is this good or not”.
    1. Henry Grabar schillert in einem neuen Buch ausführlich die Folgen des parkens für amerikanische Städte. In den USA wird mehr Fläche für das Parken als für das wohnen verwendet. Allein um Houston in Texas herum wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine Fläche, die dem Land Belgien entspricht, versiegelt. Die verkehrsemissionen sind der größte Teil des enormen amerikanischen treibhausgasausstoßes. Das Buch behandelt gründlich alle Aspekte des Themas und stellt Alternativen vor.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/26/paved-paradise-book-americans-cars-climate-crisis

    1. Have you ever: Been disappointed, surprised or hurt by a library etc. that had a bug that could have been fixed with inheritance and few lines of code, but due to private / final methods and classes were forced to wait for an official patch that might never come? I have. Wanted to use a library for a slightly different use case than was imagined by the authors but were unable to do so because of private / final methods and classes? I have.
  10. May 2023
    1. Stop to think about "normal app" as like desktop app. Android isn't a desktop platform, there is no such this. A "normal" mobile app let the system control the lifecycle, not the dev. The system expect that, the users expect that. All you need to do is change your mindset and learn how to build on it. Don't try to clone a desktop app on mobile. Everything is completely different including UI/UX.

      depends on how you look at it: "normal"

  11. Apr 2023
  12. Mar 2023
    1. First, dictionaries are not arbiters of highly literate writing; they merely document usage. For example, irregardless has an entry in many dictionaries, even though any self-respecting writer will avoid using it—except, perhaps, in dialogue to signal that a speaker uses nonstandard language, because that is exactly how some dictionaries characterize the word. Yes, it has a place in dictionaries; regardless of that fact, its superfluous prefix renders it an improper term.

      what to call these words? illiterate words?

    1. When you call 'foo' in Ruby, what you're actually doing is sending a message to its owner: "please call your method 'foo'". You just can't get a direct hold on functions in Ruby in the way you can in Python; they're slippery and elusive. You can only see them as though shadows on a cave wall; you can only reference them through strings/symbols that happen to be their name. Try and think of every method call 'object.foo(args)' you do in Ruby as the equivalent of this in Python: 'object.getattribute('foo')(args)'.
  13. Feb 2023
    1. Many of its features reappear in most, and in some cases all, of the constitutions to come. These included the due process rights common in the American states (for example, protection against unlawful search and seizure and the right to be tried by a jury of your peers), the separation of powers backed up with checks and balances, and a wide variety of elected positions with short terms and term limits.

      Texas wanted a to be like the US with seperation of powers, everything possible to limit government powers

    1. Oatmeal Acidic or Alkaline Related Topics

      pH of Oatmeal

      I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of oatmeal. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

      Is it because you are: * Interested in canning oatmeal? * Trying to balance sweet and sour flavors in recipes containing oatmeal? * Concerned about the effects of oatmeal on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing oatmeal for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

      For those first three options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop pH of Food Workshop


      To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

    1. Potato chips

      pH of Chips

      I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of chips. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

      Is it because you are: * Interested in canning chips? * Concerned about the effects of chips on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing chips for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

      For those first two options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop pH of Food Workshop


      To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

    1. Alkaline Pasta List Related Topics

      Pasta pH

      I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of pasta. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

      Is it because you are: * Interested in canning pasta? * Concerned about the effects of pasta on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing pasta for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

      For those first two options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop pH of Food Workshop


      To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

    1. There is a lot of information on the Internet about alkalizing diets and acid-alkaline balance. Much of this is confusing and sometimes contradictory.

      pH Balance Food Chart

      I've started a workshop for people who are concerned about pH balance. Because understanding the pH of food is vital. But complicated.

      So, you can't start working on balancing pH until you understand all the different aspects of acidity and alkalinity.

      For more information see pH of Food Workshop pH of Food Workshop


      To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

    1. Are Cucumbers Acidic or Alkaline?

      I'm working on a new page to explain this. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

      Is it because you are: * Interested in canning cucumbers? * Concerned about the effects of cucumbers on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing foods for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

      For those first two options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop pH of Food Workshop


      To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

    1. The Ranters were one of a number of dissenting groups that emerged around the time of the Commonwealth of England (1649–1660). They were largely common people,[1] and the movement was widespread throughout England, though they were not organised and had no leader.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranters

      See also The Antinomian Controversy<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinomian_Controversy

      The Antinomian Controversy, also known as the Free Grace Controversy, was a religious and political conflict in the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638.

  14. Jan 2023
    1. 个人学习可能取决于他人行为的主张突出了将学习环境视为一个涉及多个互动参与者的系统的重要性
    1. **Use Page Notes to add annotation guidance.

      INSTRUCTIONS - Make 5 new annotations using the prompts below and respond to 3 others. Use text, hashtags, emojis, and G-rated language. Be respectful always.

      PROMPTS - Annotate the text for each of the following: 1. Main claim, and why you think so. 2. Evidence that supports the claim and what additional information would make the evidence stronger. 3. Reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim (or if it's missing). 4. Something new or surprising you learned from this paper. 5. What could be the researchers' next experiment?


  15. Dec 2022
    1. simonhong commented Dec 11, 2020 @pitsi That homepage option is related with below homepage option. If homepage is configured, new tab will show that url. Loading local html file in new tab is not supported.

      I came here looking for a way to change the default New Tab Page in Brave to open up to my Hypothes.is bookmarks.

      This was passage was only part of the solution. The full solution is as follows: 1. Go to Settings > Appearances - brave://settings/appearance 2. Under "Show home button", select website you want to open as New Tab Page 3. Go to Settings > New Tab Page - brave://settings/newTab 4. Change from "Dashboard" to "Homepage"

  16. Nov 2022
    1. milk

      I'm starting to research milk for gout. As a new page related to Almonds and Almond Milk For Gout


      GoutPal Links Documentation

      Notes like this are part of my GoutPal Links service. Which is currently in the pre-launch phase. I will add documentation for this feature as I answer requests from readers. So if you need help using this feature, the best way is to subscribe to my free GoutPal Links Newsletter. Where you can email and message me directly. Or you can use the feedback options near the end of every page.

    1. concerns about gout and itching

      For example, does acupuncture help with itchy gout?

      During the discussion that prompted this page, we mentioned acupuncture. Specifically, an acupuncture practitioner noted that acupuncture relieves gout itching. So this is a potential research area. But as I have no acupuncture experience, I need questions, experiences, and opinions from you about acupuncture and gout itch.

      Also, there is one reference to a study in the Progress Notes if anyone cares to join me on a research project. Min, Seorim, Koh-Woon Kim, Won-Mo Jung, Min-Jung Lee, Yu-Kang Kim, Younbyoung Chae, Hyangsook Lee, and Hi-Joon Park. "Acupuncture for histamine-induced itch: association with increased parasympathetic tone and connectivity of putamen-midcingulate cortex." Frontiers in neuroscience 13 (2019): 215.


      GoutPal Links Documentation

      Notes like this are part of my GoutPal Links service. Which is currently in the pre-launch phase. I will add documentation for this feature as I answer requests from readers. So if you need help using this feature, the best way is to subscribe to my free GoutPal Links Newsletter. Where you can email and message me directly. Or you can use the feedback options near the end of every page.

    1. Allopurinol Side Effects Concerns

      Does allopurinol make you itchy?

      I'm writing a new research project on allopurinol and itchiness. In preparation for help in resolving concerns. Including, does allopurinol make you itchy?


      If you need help using this feature, the best way is to subscribe to my free GoutPal Links Newsletter. Where you can email and message me directly. Or you can use the feedback options near the end of every page.

    1. Dairy

      Dairy Foods Group Nutrition

      The third guideline, with respect to dairy foods group, is: <q>Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie limits. […] The core elements that make up a healthy dietary pattern include: […] Dairy, including fat-free or low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese, and/or lactose-free versions and fortified soy beverages and yogurt as alternatives.</q>

      Dairy Foods

      The DGA defines dairy foods as: <q>All fluid, dry, or evaporated milk, including lactose-free and lactose-reduced products and fortified soy beverages (soy milk), buttermilk, yogurt, kefir, frozen yogurt, dairy desserts, and cheeses (e.g., brie, camembert, cheddar, cottage cheese, colby, edam, feta, fontina, goat, gouda, gruyere, limburger, Mexican cheeses [queso anejo, queso asadero, queso chihuahua], monterey, mozzarella, muenster, parmesan, provolone, ricotta, and Swiss). Most choices should be fat-free or low-fat. Cream, sour cream, and cream cheese are not included due to their low calcium content.</q> So the foods included in the dairy group are not straightforward. Because they do not exactly match traditional views of dairy produce. Or food and drink we might expect to see in the supermarket dairy aisles. But this should be made clearer as you read my detailed nutrition pages for individual dairy foods.

    1. Excel Spreadsheet Permissions on Android

      I've been notified of a problem for some Microsoft Excel users on Android. Which affects access to spreadsheets for Shrewd Learning followers, subscribers, and members. So I'm preparing documentation for this.

      Shrewd Learning Subscribers can access my progress notes.

    1. Changing the second line to: foo.txt text !diff would restore the default unset-ness for diff, while: foo.txt text diff will force diff to be set (both will presumably result in a diff, since Git has presumably not previously been detecting foo.txt as binary).

      comments for tag: undefined vs. null: Technically this is undefined (unset, !diff) vs. true (diff), but it's similar enough that don't need a separate tag just for that.

      annotation meta: may need new tag: undefined/unset vs. null/set

    1. Start with the 2020 ACR probenecid guidelines.

      Then, after learning how those guidelines apply to you, consider: * Research after 2020 * Specialized probenecid topics. Such as probenecid side effects. Or probenecid in gout with comorbidities.

      So my next probenecid research page combines those 2 considerations. Because almost all current probenecid research is about diseases other than gout. Therefore, it is most applicable to gout sufferers with comorbidities.

      For access to my progress notes, subscribe to my free GoutPal Links Newsletter.

  17. Oct 2022
    1. First and foremost, we need to acknowledge that even though the funding goal has been met–it does not meet the realistic costs of the project. Bluntly speaking, we did not have the confidence to showcase the real goal of ~1.5 million euros (which would be around 10k backers) in a crowdfunding world where “Funded in XY minutes!” is a regular highlight.

      new tag: pressure to understate the real cost/estimate

    1. Salad

      Salad for Gout

      For nutrition purposes, I regard salad as part of the vegetable food group. In fact, there are typical salad foods in all the vegetable subgroups. And I'm working on summary pages for vegetables. In preparation for detailed nutrition pages for all foods.

      GoutPal Links subscribers can follow my progress with access to draft copies and research notes for salad foods. Otherwise, return to this page regularly to see updated notes and links.

    2. Related Topics

      I'm currently reformatting comments and related topics to my latest standard. Including a new related topic: mustard.

      Now, I assume the interest here is because mustard is often used in salad dressings. Anyway, I'm going to start a new mustard research project. As usual, I'll keep GoutPal Links subscribers informed of my progress prior to publication.

      Interestingly, I've become aware that the spice, condiment, or vegetable that we refer to as mustard is also a botanical family of plants. Being brassicaceae, or more commonly the brassica family. I'm aware of this as the cabbage family. But I've now learned it's also known as the mustard family.

      Although that is interesting to me of itself. It is more interesting from a gout perspective. Because there are many more plants to consider that are beneficial.

      For example, candytuft!

      Now, I don't want to slow down my mustard articles by exploring this wider scope. But neither do I want to forget. So I'm logging my new inspiration here. Schempp, H., Totha, A., Weiser, D. and Elstner, E.F., 2003. Antioxidative properties of Iberis amara extracts in biochemical model reactions. Arzneimittelforschung, 53(08), pp.568-577.

      ROS, generated during xanthine oxidase (XOD)-catalysed oxidation of xanthine into uric acid, were also efficiently decreased by IAE (https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1297151)

    1. Identifying the DGA Food Group for each food that concerns you is a good first step.

      So, to help you take that first step, I will describe each food group in terms of daily and weekly requirements. Thus, creating food group index pages. Then, I will link gout nutrition pages for foods within each food group.

    1. Machines understand languages, that are formal and rigid, with unique and unambiguous instructions that are interpreted in precisely one way. Those formal, abstract languages, and programming languages in general, are hard to understand for humans like ourselves. Primarily, they are tailored towards the requirements of the machine. The user is therefore forced to adapt to the complexity of the formal language.

      .

  18. Sep 2022
    1. Vegetables

      Vegetable Food Groups Nutrition

      New hub pages for vegetables.

      Vegetable Food Groups Nutrition Intro

      What Are Vegetable Food Groups?

      Dark-Green Vegetables

      All fresh, frozen, and canned dark-green leafy vegetables and broccoli, cooked or raw: for example, amaranth leaves, basil, beet greens, bitter melon leaves, bok choy, broccoli, chamnamul, chrysanthemum leaves, chard, cilantro, collards, cress, dandelion greens, kale, lambsquarters, mustard greens, poke greens, romaine lettuce, spinach, nettles, taro leaves, turnip greens, and watercress.

      Red and Orange Vegetables

      All fresh, frozen, and canned red and orange vegetables or juice, cooked or raw: for example, calabaza, carrots, red chili peppers, red or orange bell peppers, pimento/pimiento, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, 100% tomato juice, and winter squash such as acorn, butternut, kabocha, and pumpkin.

      Beans, Peas, Lentils

      All cooked from dry or canned beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils: for example, black beans, black-eyed peas, bayo beans, brown beans, chickpeas (garbanzo beans), cowpeas, edamame, fava beans, kidney beans, lentils, lima beans, mung beans, navy beans, pigeon peas, pink beans, pinto beans, split peas, soybeans, and white beans. Does not include green beans or green peas.

      Starchy Vegetables

      All fresh, frozen, and canned starchy vegetables: for example, breadfruit, burdock root, cassava, corn, jicama, lotus root, lima beans, immature or raw (not dried) peas (e.g., cowpeas, black-eyed peas, green peas, pigeon peas), plantains, white potatoes, salsify, tapioca, taro root (dasheen or yautia), water chestnuts, yam, and yucca.

      Other Vegetables

      All other fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables, cooked or raw: for example, artichoke, asparagus, avocado, bamboo shoots, bean sprouts, beets, bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear), broccoflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage (green, red, napa, savoy), cactus pads (nopales), cauliflower, celeriac, celery, chayote (mirliton), chives, cucumber, eggplant, fennel bulb, garlic, ginger root, green beans, iceberg lettuce, kohlrabi, leeks, luffa (Chinese okra), mushrooms, okra, onions, peppers (chili and bell types that are not red or orange in color), radicchio, sprouted beans (e.g. sprouted mung beans), radish, rutabaga, seaweed, snow peas, summer squash, tomatillos, turnips, and winter melons.

    1. This utmost clarity is necessarytoday because of the manifold claims for our attention made by the extraor-dinary amount of print, which demands the greatest economy of expression.

      This emphasizes that having clear communication is made crucially important due to the difficulty of communicating to those who are surrounded by countless other "prints."

    1. This issue is for discussing the use case given in the next section, and the unevaluatedProperties proposal to solve it. If you want to discuss a different use case or a different proposal, you MUST file your own issue to do so. Any comments attempting to revive other lines of discussion from #515, introduce new problems or solutions, or otherwise derail this discussion will be deleted to keep the focus clear. Please file a new issue and link back to this one instead.
    1. Here it is probably necessary to explain that lots of things were once typed — on machines called typewriters — during a period of human history after stone tablets and before laptops and cellphones. It is probably also necessary to explain that reference to a card catalog in the first paragraph. A card catalog was an inventory of what was in a library before all the holdings were listed, and maybe available, online.

      A bit tongue-in-cheek, the New York Times describes for the technically inadept what a typewriter and a card catalog are.

  19. Aug 2022