How Rosetta Stone unravelled the history of ancient Egypt?

Where was Rosetta Stone discovered?

The Rosetta Stone, a pivotal artifact discovered in 1799, unlocked ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics through its trilingual inscription, sparking a race among scholars like Young and Champollion to decipher its secrets, ultimately revealing a vanished world. <center>

Highlights

• Rosetta Stone was created during the reign of King Ptolemy V in ancient Egypt in 196 BCE and was eventually discovered by French engineers in 1799. This discovery played a crucial role in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.
• An artisan inscribed the "Memphis Decree on the stone, which grants tax exemptions to the priestly class, aiming to stabilize Ptolemy V's rule.
• Fast forward to 1799, French military engineer Pierre Francois Bouchard discovers the stone while repairing a fort, unaware of its historical importance.

How the scholars deciphered the script on Rosetta Stone

• After Napoleon abandoned the expedition, the scholars were left with the stone and a pressing need to disseminate its information despite military challenges.
• The team devised a new method to capture the stone's inscriptions by using ink and paper, which proved successful.
• Following the surrender of the French forces, the Rosetta Stone was claimed as a spoil of war by the British and eventually donated to the British Museum.
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• Despite initial expectations, matching the Greek text with hieroglyphics did not lead to immediate decipherment of ancient Egyptian.
• The quest to decode the Rosetta Stone saw numerous attempts throughout history, culminating in significant breakthroughs by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion, who recognized the phonetic nature of hieroglyphics.- The misunderstanding of hieroglyphics persisted until the 1800s, despite efforts by medieval Muslim researchers.
• Thomas Young made initial progress in translating the Rosetta Stone by focusing on the Demotic section and recognizing the phonetic writing of Greek names.</l>
• Jean-François Champollion, a talented linguist who understood Coptic, began his own translation efforts and ultimately surpassed Young's work. He utilized various sources, including artifacts and inscriptions from Egypt, to further his understanding of hieroglyphics.

Champollion's groundbreaking work

Jean-François Champollion's groundbreaking work on deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics using the Rosetta Stone highlights his struggles, rivalries, and eventual success in unlocking the secrets of ancient Egypt. He utilizes his knowledge of Coptic and previous research to reconstruct Egyptian royal names in cartouches, aiming to decode hieroglyphics. Despite facing rivalries and political challenges, Champollion perseveres in his studies, leading to a significant breakthrough in understanding hieroglyphics. In 1822, Champollion successfully read the name Thutmose from an inscription, confirming his theories and dramatically celebrating his discovery. Champollion's journey to Egypt allowed him to read inscriptions and uncover the history of ancient kings and common people, further solidifying his achievements.

for - example - practical reasons for not naming a settlement a city - Egypt

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/feb/20/europe-greenwashing-with-north-africas-renewable-energy-report-says

Greenpeace-Bericht: https://www.greenpeace.org/mena/en/beyond-extractivism-towards-a-feminist-and-just-economic-transition-in-morocco-and-egypt/

Μιση αληθεια.

Η Αιγυπτος συνηθως εκλεινε τα συνορα με Γαζα ειτε επειτα απο πιεση των ΗΠΑ και του Ισραηλ, ειτε επειτα απο ενοπλες επιθεσεις της Χαμας. Απο το 2021 η Αιγυπτος τα ειχε ανοιξει για παντα.

Ομως παντα τον ελεγχο του τι μπαινει τον ασκουσαν οι Ισραηλινοι (σε συμφωνια με την Αιγυπτο) και διέταζαν τα κλεισιματα, με εφαρμογη των συμφωνιων του Camp David (1979):

The Philadelphi Accord between Israel and Egypt, based on the principles of the 1979 peace treaty, turned over border control to Egypt, while the supply of arms to the Palestinian Authority was subject to Israeli consent.

Under the Agreed Principles for Rafah Crossing, part of the Agreement on Movement and Access (AMA) of 15 November 2005, EUBAM was responsible for monitoring the Border Crossing. The agreement ensured Israel authority to dispute entrance by any person.[14]

...after Hamas' takeover of the Gaza Strip (2007) it was closed permanently except for infrequent limited openings by Egypt.

Απο το 2024 τον ελεγχο του περασματος τον εχουν αμιγως Ισραηλινα στρατευματα, και ειναι κλειστο ακομη και σε ανθρωπιστικη βοηθεια.

Interesting perspective as interpretation where Jack says at the moment the song says "Who made up words, who made up numbers? Who wrote the Bible, who wrote the Q'uran" it might not even be a call to reflect and think for yourself (although this is absolutely a recurring theme in the song) but maybe they are implying all the science traces back not to the West (Europe) but to the East (Egypt, Africa). This interpretation aligns with the album this song was produced in, which is about Africa.

for - progress traps - exceptional civilizations - Egypt and China

progress traps - exceptional civilizations - Egypt and China - While 1,000 years seems to be the norm for the lifetime of an average civilization, China and Egypt have both endured 3 times as long - Egypt had the self-replenishing Nile River with topsoil being washed down from Ethiopia every year to maintain their soil fertility - So they avoided the salinity problem until modern times with the construction of high dams that have had unintended consequences - China also had unusual conditions of exceptionally deep layers of annually replenished topsoil called loess that were formed by being blown in by the wind from surrounding areas

Gut recherchierter Überblicksartikel zur zunehmenden Ausbeutung von Erdgas im Senegal und Ländern. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/01/31/senegal-natural-gas-climate-change/

廣東省在埃及摩托車市場投資上扮演的角色

這份報告看起來是用手機訊號來偵測距離跟時間，不過是專注在公共運輸與微型運輸為主，非直接測量汽車或機車的通勤時間

不知道真的還是假的數據

數字不限於摩托車，也是以市區內為主。但測出來的時數有點低，方法論並未寫得很清楚（沒說測量地點），不確定可不可信。

大致準確

管理都市化的問題

在當地買可以通話的SIM卡

Honda在埃及並無產品介紹，想瞭解在當地是否有代理商？ 速克達機種看起來是ELITE 125，其他以擋車為主，包含CBR250R、INTEGRA、CBR1000RR、NC700S、NC700X 猜想路上能見度不會太高。

VAT是跟著關稅走的(14%)。CKD關稅12.5%

在2014年起對摩托車有進口禁令，必須使用semi knocked down的方式才能進口

speed limit in Egypt. we could approximately access the speed of motorcycles compared to cars.

https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/en/e/ddglc/index.html

Hafez, O., & El-Din, Y. S. (2022, January 7). Egyptian Educators’ Online Teaching Challenges and Coping Strategies during COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no4.19

The danger is that this is a demonstrably recursive behavior. Each year, COP commitments never meet the target, but there is promise to meet them next time. Kick-the-can-down-the-road has become normalized result of COPs.

Coronavirus Pandemic Data Explorer. (n.d.). Our World in Data. Retrieved March 3, 2021, from https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data-explorer

Mullard, A. (2020). How COVID vaccines are being divvied up around the world. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03370-6

The Indian trade route was as still influential due too the high demand of silk and spice. Usually the trade was through port hopping from merchants. As most at this time period merchants were scared of the sea so they would costal hop. That's how India got brought trade to Al Qusayr and to Al Fustat..

Mecca is considered the holy city of Islam, near Cairo, Egypt on the west side of Africa. When Mansa Musa made his pilgrimage, as is tradition for a Malian sovereign, he impressed the court so much with his offering that people wrote about it for decades to come. Looking further at his journey, we note that he left Niani and most definitely passed one of the branches of Mount Tauris (the Tibesti Mountains). It's incredibly interesting to think about how long this journey was, and the fact that he left such a large impression by his gifts and wealth was fascinating to me considering the era. In our readings, it also said he brought 10,000 of his followers, which is even more incredible that that many people made this perilous journey

Moehring, A. V., Collis, A., Garimella, K., Rahimian, M., Aral, S., & Eckles, D. (2021, February 8). Surfacing norms to increase vaccine acceptance. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/srv6t

Makoni, M. (2020). Keeping COVID-19 at bay in Africa. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, S2213260020302198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30219-8

You can learn more about Maha Bali from her faculty page at the American University in Cairo, on her blog "Reflecting Allowed, and from her Twitter stream at @Bali_Maha.

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This page by Bibalex has many great links to international sources.

A excellent usage of Pagan imagery to identify some of the demons who have taken portions of the earth as their kingdoms and force humanity to worship.

Women were afforded much the same rights as men in Egyptian society.

At least 15 egyptian pharaohs were known to be women. This article from 2014 suggests there were at least 7. It's crazy how in just 3 years they discovered that there were more than twice as many. This really speaks to the cover up by the scientific community to exclude women from history.

Hatshepsut took over rule for her son because he was too young but continued on even after he was of age. She was known as a royal warrior and monumental builder.

Arsenoe's rule was pretty much the start of capitalism.

During her rule as pharaoh coins started being used in most transactions.

Arsenoe's crown's various components pay homage to all the powerful women before her.

Nefertari's earings were given to her by the Greeks and she wore them throughout her life.

I didn't realize all the pharaohs wore fake tie on beards!

Saw it at the British Museum and loved it! Highly recommended!

No source for this information is given though the phrase "take all necessary measures" suggests an official communique.

Hdt. 2.2. The Nature vs. Nurture enigma is presented here. It is advocated here that language is biologically programmed here and thus language is a nature phenomenon. However, the nature v. nurture debate has become bane in the field of psychology. Do the lengths or widths make a rectangle?

Hdt. 1.2 The Persians say this was how Io came to Egypt ad that it was the first wrong.