Hewitt, J., Carter, B., Vilches-Moraga, A., Quinn, T. J., Braude, P., Verduri, A., Pearce, L., Stechman, M., Short, R., Price, A., Collins, J. T., Bruce, E., Einarsson, A., Rickard, F., Mitchell, E., Holloway, M., Hesford, J., Barlow-Pay, F., Clini, E., … Guaraldi, G. (2020). The effect of frailty on survival in patients with COVID-19 (COPE): A multicentre, European, observational cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(8), e444–e451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30146-8

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Manski, C. F., & Molinari, F. (2020). Estimating the COVID-19 Infection Rate: Anatomy of an Inference Problem (Working Paper No. 27023; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27023

Six-​Country Survey on COVID-19 (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13230/

Rahman, Md. M., Thill, J.-C., & Paul, K. C. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic Severity, Lockdown Regimes, and People’s Mobility: Evidence from 88 Countries [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wtdf2

Partial Lockdown and the Spread of COVID-19: Lessons from the Italian Case. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13375/

Family Life in Lockdown. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13398/

Women’s Work, Housework and Childcare, before and during COVID-19. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13409/

Exploring the Relationship between Care Homes and Excess Deaths in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Italy. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13492/

Fathers Matter: Intra-​Household Responsibilities and Children’s Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13519/

Lenzo, Vittorio, Maria Catena Quattropani, Alessandro Musetti, Corrado Zenesini, Maria Francesca Freda, Daniela Lemmo, Elena Vegni, et al. ‘Resilience Contributes to Low Emotional Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak among the General Population in Italy’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 1 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/af8u4.

Briscese, G., Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Tonin, M. (2020). Compliance with COVID-19 Social-Distancing Measures in Italy: The Role of Expectations and Duration (Working Paper No. 26916; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26916

Franceschini, C., Musetti, A., Zenesini, C., Palagini, L., Pelosi, A., Quattropani, M. C., Lenzo, V., Freda, M. F., Lemmo, D., Vegni, E., Borghi, L., Saita, E., Cattivelli, R., De Gennaro, L., Plazzi, G., Riemann, D., & Castelnuovo, G. (2020). Poor quality of sleep and its consequences on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ah6j3

Cellini, N., Di Giorgio, E., Mioni, G., & Di Riso, D. (2020). Sleep quality, timing, and psychological difficulties in Italian school-age children and their mothers during COVID-19 lockdown [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/95ujm

Luppi, F., Arpino, B., & Rosina, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on fertility plans in Italy, Germany, France, Spain and UK [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/wr9jb

Poletti, P., Tirani, M., Cereda, D., Trentini, F., Guzzetta, G., Marziano, V., Buoro, S., Riboli, S., Crottogini, L., Piccarreta, R., Piatti, A., Grasselli, G., Melegaro, A., Gramegna, M., Ajelli, M., & Merler, S. (2020). Infection fatality ratio of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy. ArXiv:2007.04381 [q-Bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.04381

Codagnone, C., Bogliacino, F., Cangrejo, C. E. G., Charris, R. A., Montealegre, F., Liva, G., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Folkvord (Frans), F., & Veltri, G. A. (2020). Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/x9m36

Arpino, B., Pasqualini, M., Bordone, V., & Solé-Auró, A. (2020). Indirect consequences of COVID-19 on people’s lives. Findings from an on-line survey in France, Italy and Spain [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4sfv9

DataBeers Torino // Covid-19 online edition. (2020, April 23). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4QPqPFUZLc

SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Italy in December 2019. (2020, June 29). News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200629/SARS-CoV-2-circulating-in-Italy-in-December-2019.aspx

Starnini, M., Aleta, A., Tizzoni, M., & Moreno, Y. (2020). Impact of the accuracy of case-based surveillance data on the estimation of time-varying reproduction numbers. MedRxiv, 2020.06.26.20140871. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20140871

Lavezzo, E., Franchin, E., Ciavarella, C., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., Barzon, L., Del Vecchio, C., Rossi, L., Manganelli, R., Loregian, A., Navarin, N., Abate, D., Sciro, M., Merigliano, S., De Canale, E., Vanuzzo, M. C., Besutti, V., Saluzzo, F., Onelia, F., Pacenti, M., … Crisanti, A. (2020). Suppression of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the Italian municipality of Vo’. Nature, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2488-1

Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Francisco, R., Mazzeschi, C., Pedro, M., & Espada, J. P. (2020). Coping behaviors and psychological disturbances in youth affected by the COVID-19 health crisis [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2gnxb

Gvirts, H. Z. (2020). The Balcony Party – Mitigation of social isolation during the coronavirus outbreak [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rp5nh

Sixth Report. (2020, June 19). COVID-19 Mobility Monitoring Project. https://covid19mm.github.io//in-progress/2020/06/19/sixth-report.html

Bonaccorsi, G., Pierri, F., Cinelli, M., Flori, A., Galeazzi, A., Porcelli, F., Schmidt, A. L., Valensise, C. M., Scala, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Pammolli, F. (2020). Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 202007658. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007658117

Prof Shamika Ravi on Twitter: “1) ACTIVE cases...shows which countries have 1) Peaked: Germany, S Korea, Japan, Italy, Spain... 2) Plateaued: France 3) Yet to peak: US, UK, Brazil, India...active cases still rising. 4) Second wave: Iran and.... Spain (?) https://t.co/C5c3gAhINc” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ShamikaRavi/status/1267664491040440322

Somma, F., Bartolomeo, P., Vallone, F., Argiuolo, A., Cerrato, A., Miglino, O., Mandolesi, L., Zurlo, M. C., & Gigliotta, O. (2020). Further to the left. Stress-induced increase of spatial pseudoneglect during the COVID-19 lockdown [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xb954

(((Howard Forman))) on Twitter: “#Italy remains one of the worst outbreaks & one of the best & most consistent responses to lockdown/NPI measures. 0.6% positive rate; STILL testing at rate of greater than 1/1000 each day. The US is NOT currently on this path. (some regions are). 33K fatalities. https://t.co/5lWdXMdlEf” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https://twitter.com/thehowie/status/1266873463681298433

Cintia, P., Fadda, D., Giannotti, F., Pappalardo, L., Rossetti, G., Pedreschi, D., Rinzivillo, S., Bonato, P., Fabbri, F., Penone, F., Savarese, M., Checchi, D., Chiaromonte, F., Vineis, P., Guzzetta, G., Riccardo, F., Marziano, V., Poletti, P., Trentini, F., … Merler, S. (2020). The relationship between human mobility and viral transmissibility during the COVID-19 epidemics in Italy. ArXiv:2006.03141 [Physics, Stat]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03141

Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Espada, J. P. (2020). Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5bpfz

Flesia, L., Fietta, V., Colicino, E., Segatto, B., & Monaro, M. (2020, April 24). Stable psychological traits predict perceived stress related to the COVID-19 outbreak. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yb2h8

Battiston, P., Kashyap, R., & Rotondi, V. (2020, May 11). Trust in science and experts during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/5tch8

The Lancet Public Health, May 2020, Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages e235-e296. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/issue/current

Galandra, C., Cerami, C., Santi, G., Dodich, A., Cappa, S., Vecchi, T., & Crespi, C. (2020). Covid-19 in mind: How job loss and health threatening events modulate risk-taking behaviours in real-life contexts [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5n942

Travaglino, G. A., & Moon, C. (2020, May 26). Explaining Compliance with Social Distancing Norms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Cultural Orientations, Trust and Self-Conscious Emotions in the US, Italy, and South Korea. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8yn5b

Zeppegno, P., Gramaglia, C., Guerriero, C., Madeddu, F., & Calati, R. (2020, May 17). Psychological/psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learnt from China and call for timely crisis interventions in Italy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/z26yk

Prati, G. (2020, May 20). Mental Health and Its Psychosocial Predictors during National Quarantine in Italy against the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4ar8z

COVID-19 Modeling: Italy

Ruiu, M. L. (2020). Mismanagement of Covid-19: Lessons learned from Italy. Journal of Risk Research, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1758755

New report models Italy’s potential exit strategy from COVID-19 lockdown (2020 May 05). Imperial News | Imperial College London. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/189351/new-report-models-italys-potential-exit/

Pisano, L., Galimi, D., & Cerniglia, L. (2020, April 13). A qualitative report on exploratory data on the possible emotional/behavioral correlates of Covid-19 lockdown in 4-10 years children in Italy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/stwbn

Prinzing, M., De Freitas, J., & Fredrickson, B. (2020). The lay concept of a meaningful life: The role of subjective and objective factors in attributions of meaning [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6sx4t

Walensky, R. P., & Rio, C. del. (2020). From Mitigation to Containment of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Putting the SARS-CoV-2 Genie Back in the Bottle. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6572

Espinosa, F. d., Metko, A., Raimondi, M., Impenna, M., & Scognamiglio, E. (2020, April 10). A Model of Support for Families of Children with Autism Living in the COVID-19 Lockdown: Lessons from Italy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/48cme

Cerami, C., Santi, G., Galandra, C., Dodich, A., Cappa, S., Vecchi, T., & Crespi, C. (2020, April 10). COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN ITALY: ARE WE READY FOR THE PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS? BASELINE FINDINGS FROM THE PSYCOVID STUDY. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/z7yuv

Cellini, N., Canale, N., Mioni, G., & Costa, S. (2020, April 11). Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time, and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/284mr

Webster, P. (2020). Virtual health care in the era of COVID-19. The Lancet, 395(10231), 1180–1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30818-7

Modi, C., Boehm, V., Ferraro, S., Stein, G., & Seljak, U. (2020). Total COVID-19 Mortality in Italy: Excess Mortality and Age Dependence through Time-Series Analysis. MedRxiv, 2020.04.15.20067074. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20067074

Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science. (2020 April 22). Blog Post: New analysis of excess coronavirus mortality; also a question about poststratification. https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2020/04/22/analysis-of-excess-coronavirus-mortality-also-a-question-about-poststratification/

Bischetti, L., Canal, P., & Bambini, V. (2020). Funny but aversive: A large-scale survey on the emotional response to Covid-19 humor in the Italian population during the lockdown [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/efk93

Di Giorgio, E., Di Riso, D., Mioni, G., & Cellini, N. (2020, April 30). The interplay between mothers’ and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: An Italian study. Retrieved from psyarxiv.com/dqk7h

Stefani, S., Ricci, E., Prati, G., TZANKOVA, I., Albanesi, C., & Cicognani, E. (2020, April 24). Gender Differences in Political Engagement and Participation among Italian Young People. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ps9ea

Bettinsoli, M., Di Riso, D., Napier, J., Moretti, L., Bettinsoli, P., Delmedico, M., … Moretti, B. (2020, April 26). Psychological Impact and Contextual Factors Associated With Physical and Mental Health Conditions of Italian Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Disease Outbreak. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w89fz

Second Report. (2020, March 25). COVID-19 Mobility Monitoring Project. https://covid19mm.github.io//in-progress/2020/03/25/second-report.html

Third Report. (2020, April 17). COVID-19 Mobility Monitoring Project. https://covid19mm.github.io//in-progress/2020/04/17/third-report.html

Verbruggen, R. (2020 March 24). Another COVID Cost-Benefit Analysis. National Review. https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/another-covid-cost-benefit-analysis/

Giangreco, G. (n.d.). Case fatality rate analysis of Italian COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Medical Virology, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25894

In the 1818 edition Victor says that he was "by birth a Genevese," his only reference to his own birth. The implication there is that he was born in Geneva, but the 1831 edition instead places his birth in Naples. Soon afterward we learn that when his family discovered Elizabeth, her mother is Italian.

Como is a lake in the north of Italy's Lombardy region. Absent as a locale from the 1818 edition, the family's visit here in the 1831 provides the setting for Elizabeth's adoption as a peasant foundling.

Italy joined Belt and Road Initiative in March 2019.

hmmm author "fail" to mention that South Tyrol have a large control over tax money collected from that region

Florence was a prominent wealthy city in this time. Cervantes uses accuracy in mentions of this city even as a side story. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dmpMcyeEX5EC&oi=fnd&pg=PP11&dq=florence+italy+history&ots=42mXVMTzJE&sig=xUVIM3YmkozvPJuF-AuJojgYBqc#v=onepage&q=florence%20italy%20history&f=false

This website is a very comprehensive resource about medieval pottery in Italy. It is rather difficult to navigate properly since part of the original navigation was implemented with some scripting method that is now obsolete, but all pages should be reachable by means of normal href links. It was updated until circa 2004.