We suggest three options that may reduce the effect of FPV onGHG emissions and dissolved oxygen availability.

Reducing the environmental impacts of FPV on waterbodiesmay influence public and legal acceptance of large-scaleadoption of this emerging renewable energy technology.

Adaptive strategies could be employed to minimize thenegative biogeochemical impacts of FPV deployment.

these changes in the context ofsustainability trade-offs associated with renewable energyproduction.

we estimate a water-usechange carbon emission from FPV of 2.61 g of CO2-eq kWh−1.

FPV emitted26.8 ± 20.2% more GHGs than ponds without FPV in terms ofCO2-eq pond−1 day−1 (Figure 6A).

We made several assumptions as part ofthese calculations: that k600 values for each treatment and forthe pond edge and center were constant throughout thesampling period, that pond edge and center dissolved gasconcentrations were the same for each treatment on eachsampling event, and that pond edge and center watertemperatures were the same for each treatment on eachsampling event.

Weconsidered samples collected from ponds before June 15, 2023,as “before” and samples collected after July 14, 2023, as “after”installation for these models. Data collected from June 15 toJuly 14 was excluded from statistical comparison as FPVconstruction and deployment for Pond 123 and 124 was takingplace during this time

we employed abefore-after-control-impact (BACI) approach to test the short-term response of pond greenhouse gas dynamics to theinstallation of floating solar arrays

We did not consider nitrous oxide dynamics inthis study as it is unimportant in the greenhouse gas budget(<0.001% of the annual CO2-equivalent emissions budget) ofponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility.

Knowing whether FPV leads to greater GHGemissions from waterscapes is key to accurate determination ofthe carbon footprint and savings of this burgeoning energyproduction system

Accurate quantification ofGHG emissions associated with FPV deployment is warrantedto understand the sustainability trade-offs of this emergingrenewable energy technology.

a country-specific database, a national strategy with the fol-lowing steps should be realized:a) Compile and appraise all the research activities per-formed on the subject up to now;b) Prioritize the areas that are not covered but is of impor-tance for the country;c) Assign collaborative researches to fill the data gaps.

It is recommended to perform similar site-specific stud-ies and collect data from actual sites that in turn will help inestablishing a valuable country-specific database.

Scenario analysis showed that recycling ratio assump-tions significantly affect four impact categories (AP, TETP,MAETP and GWP, namely). Therefore it is important tocover different recycling ratio scenario results in decision-making processes for the future energy projections.

perspective without denoting the actual part of the wind tur-bine.

The following findings are obtained on factors effectingthe manufacturing and installation phase from an overall

The operation and maintenance phase has mostly insignif-icant effect on impacts.

As can be clearly seen from Fig. 3, apart from ODP, theend-of-life phase has a lowering effect on environmentalimpacts.

Since metals such as steel are expensive and thereare factories processing recycled steel, the authors chose touse this baseline which also yields a sustainable outcome.

It is a known fact that Turkey is not among the countriesthat adopt life cycle thinking, and there are only a few stud-ies contributing to the establishment of a country-specificLCA database.

As Arvesen and Hertwich (2012) advice,it is important to conduct LCA research on wind farms inregions other than Europe.

Such an effort will makeit possible to analyse and compare different energy mixesin an electricity grid and their effect on the decarboniza-tion objectives of a country.

. Ideally, scientists are invited to collaborate by Indigenouspeople to work on issues important to them, which requires ashift in thinking by scientists to not always take the lead onresearch development.

Cultural sensitivity requires that researchers employ respect,reciprocity, confidentiality, and more (Adams et al. 2014;Ramos 2018)

A key principle to consider isthat research shows the greatest prospects when accompaniedby strong and enduring local engagement in the process.

For example, in a meta-analysis of climatic changesobserved by subsistence-oriented peoples from 2230 localitiesin 137 countries around the world, Savo et al. (2016

with thegoal of transcending the incorporation (and often, assimilation)of IK into Western science through the adoption of an ethic andframework of knowledge coexistence and complementarity.

Yet these time-testedapproaches can also be complemented with modern tools andtechniques, including those of science that augment Indigenousways of knowing.

leadingthe authors to conclude that conservation efforts would beenhanced by hiring local people rather than opting forexpensive telemetry equipment.

Owing in part to these relationships, Indigenous peoplesare ideal partners for research about the natural world.

. Such insight into hypothesis formation was made possiblebecause relationships among people, organisms, and the environ-ment in this area (and elsewhere) comprise a central axis aroundwhich IK is conceived, generated, and transmitted.

Understanding these differences and commonalitiescan aid in collaborative research with Indigenous peoples.

IK has also been proposed as a counterto the “shifting baseline syndrome” in conser-vation,

IK cannotbe separated from the value systems thatunderpin decision- making processes inapplied ecology (Artelle et al. 2018)

Such biocultural approaches enhance long-terminvestment in conservation and management programs bypreserving the linkages between Indigenous peoples and theecosystems on which their cultures and societies depend.

Biocultural approaches to applied research and managementfurther extend this progression by addressing biological andcultural diversity simultaneously (Stephenson et al. 2014;Gavin et al. 2015; DeRoy et al. 2019)

The assertion of Indigenous rights to man-agement and conservation of resources doesnot exclude the application of science, and infact complementary approaches will likely beprevalent.

scientists should transition from considering Indigenouspeoples solely as participants in research to leaders inapplied resource management projects supportive of resur-gent self-governance and sovereignty (Thompson et al. 2020).

However, the perceptions and preferences ofIndigenous peoples considering collaborations withresearchers should supersede any counsel we offer here.

We do not imply of course that knowl-edges must be integrated, or that IK must be published in thescientific literature to be recognized.

respecting self- determination of Indigenous peoples is a necessary conditionto support mutually beneficial research processes and outcomes.

we outline the ethical duty required by scientists when work-ing with IK holders.

The idea here is to nip that in the bud and re-envision the way we approach this energy transition.

“It’s all about trade-offs,” Grodsky said. “But we need to be aware of what’s happening to be able to adapt – maybe siting differently, or designing the panels differently, or changing the percentage of cover.”

However, the perceptions and preferences ofIndigenous peoples considering collaborations withresearchers should supersede any counsel we offer here.

We do not imply of course that knowl-edges must be integrated, or that IK must be published in thescientific literature to be recognized.

respecting self- determination of Indigenous peoples is a necessary conditionto support mutually beneficial research processes and outcomes.

we outline the ethical duty required by scientists when work-ing with IK holders.

Reducing our carbon footprint through the changes in lifestyle and behaviour patterns can con-tribute a great deal to the mitigation of climate change.

Enhancing international cooperation and support for developing countries towards the expan-sion of infrastructure and upgrading technology for modern supply and sustainable energy ser-vices as a way of mitigating climate change and its impacts.

employment from renewableenergy technologies was about 2.3 million jobs worldwide, which also has improved health, educa-tion, gender equality and environmental safety

a stableenergy supply is of importance to the political world and a technical and monetary challenge forboth developed and developing countries

The sustainable development goal seven (affordable and clean energy) seeks to ensure that energyis clean, affordable, available and accessible to all and this can be achieved with renewable energy

Proper operational management, can bring about some positive effects whichincludes enhanced biodiversity (Baum, Leinweber, Weih, Lamersdorf, & Dimitriou, 2009; Schulz,Brauner, & Gruß, 2009), soil carbon increases and improved soil productivity

With biomass, a lot of research is focus-ing on an environmentally acceptable and sustainable source to mitigate climate change

Biomass has a large potential, which meets the goal of reducing greenhouse gases and could insurefuel supply in the future.

Hydroelectric structures affect river body’s ecology, largely by inducing a change into its hy-drologic characteristics and by disturbing the ecological continuity of sediment transport and fishmigration through the building of dams, dikes and weirs

Hydropower dischargespractically no particulate pollution, can upgrade quickly, and it is capable of storing energy for manyhours

For more than a decade, the objective of keeping global warming below 2 °C has been a key focusof international climate debate

The idea here is to nip that in the bud and re-envision the way we approach this energy transition.

“It’s all about trade-offs,” Grodsky said. “But we need to be aware of what’s happening to be able to adapt – maybe siting differently, or designing the panels differently, or changing the percentage of cover.”

Enhancing international cooperation and support for developing countries towards the expan-sion of infrastructure and upgrading technology for modern supply and sustainable energy ser-vices as a way of mitigating climate change and its impacts.

Reducing our carbon footprint through the changes in lifestyle and behaviour patterns can con-tribute a great deal to the mitigation of climate change.

employment from renewableenergy technologies was about 2.3 million jobs worldwide, which also has improved health, educa-tion, gender equality and environmental safety

The sustainable development goal seven (affordable and clean energy) seeks to ensure that energyis clean, affordable, available and accessible to all and this can be achieved with renewable energy

a stableenergy supply is of importance to the political world and a technical and monetary challenge forboth developed and developing countries

Proper operational management, can bring about some positive effects whichincludes enhanced biodiversity (Baum, Leinweber, Weih, Lamersdorf, & Dimitriou, 2009; Schulz,Brauner, & Gruß, 2009), soil carbon increases and improved soil productivity

With biomass, a lot of research is focus-ing on an environmentally acceptable and sustainable source to mitigate climate change

Biomass has a large potential, which meets the goal of reducing greenhouse gases and could insurefuel supply in the future.

Hydroelectric structures affect river body’s ecology, largely by inducing a change into its hy-drologic characteristics and by disturbing the ecological continuity of sediment transport and fishmigration through the building of dams, dikes and weirs

Hydropower dischargespractically no particulate pollution, can upgrade quickly, and it is capable of storing energy for manyhours

For more than a decade, the objective of keeping global warming below 2 °C has been a key focusof international climate debate

turning conscientious objectors . . . into heroes of the antimilitarism movement could unwittingly perpetuate exactly the sort of masculinized privilege that nurtures militarism”

archetype of the hypermasculine wheelchair-bound veteran dissenter.

The figure of the grieving mother is a collectivity, with women characterized as part of a population of mothers with a collective experience of loss. Their dissent is practiced through invocations of a dead or imperiled soldier child, who signifies the claim to associative military masculinity. In contrast, the perspective of the returning veteran is grounded in individual experience. The film depicts women as caregivers, with their dissenting subjecthood derived from their relationships with men.

this narrative of personal growth and triumph is complicated by the fact that Tomas's newfound power and authority are rooted in traditional masculine ideals. The film ultimately suggests that the military peace movement is shaped by masculinized privilege, which can be both productive and limiting.

White Ribbon Campaign, which originated in Canada and has a branch in England, is a group of men committed to discussing and ending male violence against women. However, there is a lack of groups of men in the anti-militarist and peace movements who analyze and resist the deformation of manhood by militarization. For war to end, men need to become self-aware and refuse the violence expected of them, and the association of masculinity with militarism. Some men, such as those in the Turkish conscientious objectors movement and South Korean anti-militarist men, are starting to listen to feminist ideas and take on board their perspectives.

hat governments cannot militarize without making women complicit, that wars rely on specific forms of masculinity, and that grappling with the militarization of women and men must be done together.

The party used stereotypes of Muslim men as rapists and Hindu goddesses to mobilize women's support, while also enforcing control over female sexuality and personhood.

No Pride in War (NPIW) challenged the involvement of BAE Systems and the Red Arrows in Pride marches, accusing them of "pinkwashing" and glossing over militarized violence by focusing on LGBT inclusion.

Sisters, formed an all-women and non-binary anti-militarist group to highlight the gendered politics of the arms trade and build solidarity with Syrian women affected by conflict.

opposing militarism requires resisting patriarchy, heterosexism, and racialized configurations of queer inclusion/exclusion.

participation in Pride marches blurs the lines between public and private spaces.

people in different cultures have different relations to deeper emotions such as greed.

Richard Slaughter came up with a conceptual model called the transformation cycle

what you see in a lot of modern politics is this delicate dance between conservatives and 00:24:40 liberals which I think that uh uh for many generations they agreed on the basics their main disagreement was about the pace that both conservatives and 00:24:52 liberals they basically agree we need some rules and also we need the ability to to change the rules but the conservatives prefer a much slower Pace

does your scholarship suggest why so many societies do that rather than 00:20:09 saying maybe we start with a Declaration of Human Rights today maybe we write a new one from scratch based on what we know today um because it's very difficult to reach an agreement between a lot of 00:20:21 people and also you know you need to base a a a a real Society is something something extremely complex which you need to base on empirical experience 00:20:34 every time that people try to create a completely new social order just by inventing some Theory it ends very badly you need on yes you do need the ability 00:20:46 to change things a long time but not too quickly and not everything at once so most of the time you have these founding principles and shr find in this 00:20:58 or that text also orally it doesn't have to be written down and at least good societies also have mechanisms to change it but you have to start from some kind 00:21:12 of of of of social consensus and some kind of of social experience if every year we try to invent everything from scratch then Society will just collapse

What do change over time "are the particular rituals and customs and expectations and rules pertaining to trust in society," she adds. "As those norms are shifting, as they did quite massively in the 19th century, you have the perfect conditions for exploiting the gaps between new and old. That shift to modernity was often the very script of the con."

I think we are a victim of behavioural norms and so many of the apps that I use have this pattern. That's not to say it's the right behaviour, but it may be hard to break the pattern for users.

In recent years, scholars have called for policymakersworking on the environment and other large-scalecollective-action problems to harness social norms andsocial tipping dynamics to “stabilize the earth’s climate”

caling Up Change: A Critical Reviewand Practical Guide to HarnessingSocial Norms for Climate Action

Being online means constantly flitting between these places and their ever-shifting sets of rules and norms.

To build HIPAA compliant software, developers need to be aware of and comply with several key requirements outlined in the HIPAA Privacy Rule and Security Rule. These requirements are designed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of protected health information (PHI) and to prevent unauthorized access, use, or disclosure of PHI.

Can policy promote beneficial norm change? The model suggests that effective interventions lower the tipping threshold.

Two factors consistently helped hasten beneficial change in our study.

I'd love it to be normal and everyday to not assume that when you post a message on your social network, every person is reading it in a similar UI, either to the one you posted from, or to the one everyone else is reading it in.

The most recent 300 out of 300,000 years have been abnormal in the sense that a fever of 107 degrees Fahrenheit is abnormal when, for most of a person's life, her temperature has been at about 98.6 degrees. Until 10,000 years or so ago, the normal lifestyle for Homo sapiens was living in small groups (Schmidt and Zimmermann 2019), hunting and gathering. Humanity's fever started about ten millennia in our past and rapidly led to a highly febrile system of giant groups, which have increasingly industrialized. Humanity grew from scattered groups of 20 to cities of 20 million, from normal to abnormal, in an evolutionary instant.

“That’s the mantra of web3, to be open and composable, and with CC0 no one owns the rights to the intellectual property. This creates huge potential for what can be created in the future. But the bigger corporations are coming into the space and trying to close things down, tracking wallets and essentially bringing web2 into web3. I don’t want that. I want web3 to continue to be built by the people, for the people, which is why all these public goods are crucial for the future of web3.”

Humans’ tendency to“overimitate”—to reproduce even the gratuitous elements of another’s behavior—may operate on a copy now, understand later basis. After all, there might begood reasons for such steps that the novice does not yet grasp, especially sinceso many human tools and practices are “cognitively opaque”: not self-explanatory on their face. Even if there doesn’t turn out to be a functionalrationale for the actions taken, imitating the customs of one’s culture is a smartmove for a highly social species like our own.

Let’s consider a fairly random example of one of these generalistaccounts, Francis Fukuyama’s The Origins of Political Order: FromPrehuman Times to the French Revolution (2011). Here isFukuyama on what he feels can be taken as received wisdom aboutearly human societies: ‘In its early stages human politicalorganization is similar to the band-level society observed in higherprimates like chimpanzees,’ which Fukuyama suggests can beregarded as ‘a default form of social organization’.

Lily Hajdú-Gimes, a celebrated Hungarian psychoanalyst of that era, diagnosed the trauma of forced conformity in patients, as well as in herself. “I play the game that is offered by the regime,” she told friends, “though as soon as you accept that rule you are in a trap.”

Right here in America, right now, it is possible to meet people who have lost everything—jobs, money, friends, colleagues—after violating no laws, and sometimes no workplace rules either. Instead, they have broken (or are accused of having broken) social codes having to do with race, sex, personal behavior, or even acceptable humor, which may not have existed five years ago or maybe five months ago. Some have made egregious errors of judgment. Some have done nothing at all. It is not always easy to tell.

community norms, values, goals, and ethics

To avoid that divide in community discussions, we recommend having participants collectively establish discussion norms each time.

As society scales up, gossip becomes ineffective. Rumors don’t spread easily from village to village, so I can get away with violating norms when I venture out and deal with strangers.

To escape from the chaos, we will need new norms of behavior that incline us away from gossip.

As a social enforcement mechanism, gossip does not scale.

We are severely disabled and completely normal

Networks  of civic engagement increase the potential cost to defectors who risk  benefits from future transactiaction. The same networks foster norms of  reciprocity that are reinforced by the networks of relationships in  which reputation is both balued and discussed. The same social networks  facilitate the flow of reputational information.

Norms that  support social trust evolve because they lower transaction costs and  facilitate cooperation, conferring benefits upon cooperators.

Norms and laws only work when they’re enforced. 

it's the little details that make the big things come about.

The Commons Short and Sweet

look at the edges, the connections between the nodes.

who we associate with, and understanding the impact of those relationships increases

In chil-dren, the rudiments of taste discover themselves very early in a thousand instances; in lheir fond· ness for regular bodies, their admiration of pic-tures and statues,

man in a fever would not ""-~3 insist on his palate as able to decide concerning -.+,. fl~vours

standards in 11at11

An anomaly is thus a mere difference in degree for which the norm will serve as metric.

Norms, have long inhabited the architect’s toolset

a sophisticated creation thatseems to simultaneously extend but also threaten our understanding of what it means tobe human.