1,189 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
  2. Sep 2024
    1. And cloistered in these living walls of jet.

      "cloistered" (religious) referring to the seclusion of monks or nuns in a monastery "Walls of jet" (flea), hard dark exterior of flea, shows a physical and symbolic barrier that contains their union

    1. Coughlan

      Tim Coughlan, University at Bath; work is focused on the design and evaluation of systems that support inclusion, creativity, and openness in learning.

    2. Gabora

      cognitive scientist Lee Gabora's work looks at how culture changes over time, how people come up with new ideas, and how this helps culture change.

    3. “an associative mode of perceiving metaphoric connections between correlating items in memory, and an analytic mode that is conducive to understanding cause and effect relationships”

      there are two ways of thinking: the first assists in seeing creative links between ideas and the second assists in understanding how one idea leads to another (i.e cause and effect).

    4. Becoming sensitized to these epistemological differences enables us to discern which aspects of creative work is emphasized more than others and see how hierarchies of knowledge get constructed.

      in exploring how our foundations of knowledge are built, we can dissect how we assign value or rank to knowledge - or generally accepted assumptions.

    5. tools for ideation are frequently distinct from tools for implementation, often lacking the capability to seamlessly transfer data between them

      this is often seen in common design tools; is it a product of capitalism? Is the market afraid of standardization? In the transfer of one product to another?

    6. This perpetuates seeing the “support staff” as merely a resource (rather than central to the creative process), whose work can be replaced.

      designs solely generated by models are not informed by the complex human interaction in the design process, by designers.

    7. This emphasis on “acting through the interface” [19] sees technology as acting as an extension of the artist or designer using the tool.

      tech is integral to creative process - well designed tech is about ease of use and integration.

    8. The third wave or the third paradigm [70] shares many of the same assumptions as the second wave – i.e. the centrality of the physical world in our construction of meaning – with a stronger focus on the various abilities of the human body.

      focus on physical abilities / senses shape novelty in interaction.

    9. The shift in perspective toward the social in psychology covered in the previous embodied action view of creativity resembles an analogous trend in HCI’s “second wave theories”.

      focus on group work and social contexts of digital environments.

    10. The tool-mediated expert activity view of creative work focuses on supporting (expert) creative practices through tools. Activity theory

      There are many philosophical theories that explore computers as a tool that are extensions of humans. In some circles, humans have become cyborgs in that sense - they cannot be separated from the tools they use every single day.

    11. Since the 1980s, creativity research in psychology has moved away from “univariate, positivist research paradigms” to “more complex, constructivistic, systems-oriented research models” [56].

      creativity research has evolved from simple, individual-focused approach to an increasingly complex, systems-oriented approach that centers social interactions and artifacts. This has attracted sociologists.

    12. In other words, moment-to-moment creative actions draw from a large pool of embodied resources, relying on tacit analysis of the fit between the resource and the situation at any given moment.

      In the moment, creativity relies on constant adjustments based on intuition - an intuition that is formed based on prior experience.

    13. In addition to the primacy of interacting with the physical world through our bodies, the embodied view of creative work also highlights the role of the body in partnership with the dynamic situation, i.e. the moment-to-moment actions people take in response to different contingencies.

      Creativity benefits from interacting with the environmental and adapting to environmental changes.

    14. Creative work as reflective practice focuses on the “importance of physical and artifact-centered action in the world to aid thought”

      Artifact interaction enriches design processes by grounding it in real world experience.

      But what of the bias toward familiar materials? Asking a blacksmith to prototype a house and you might find yourself living in a tin can.

    15. That view of creativity neglects the role the body and the physical world play during the creative process as well as the social context in which creativity takes place.

      As mentioned earlier, creativity doesn't happen in a vacuum - there is a plethora of societal and culture context which any designer exists in.

    16. They do not subscribe to the thinking that “geniuses use cognitive processes that are radically different from those employed by most individuals and that may not be accessible to the methods of cognitive science”

      Creativity comes from common mental processes that everyone uses - all creativity (aka problem-solving) relies on the same basic principles. Creativity is, then, accessible to anyone, because it just depends on how you mix and match those principles.

      Intertwined within each person are emotional, cultural, and experiential factors that inform and, at times, limit their creativity.

    17. “Most opinion among design methodologists and among designers holds that the act of designing itself is not and will not ever be a scientific activity; that is, that designing is itself a nonscientific or a-scientific activity”.

      design isn't scientific but concedes that scientific methods can formalize design.

    18. Proponents of this movement stood on the spectrum with regards to how close they placed design next to science. On the looser end, design is viewed simply as “systematic design”, or, “the procedures of designing organized in a systematic way”

      asks is creativity connected to science or science?

    19. In other words, creative work is about “devis[ing] courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones”

      In creativity, problem solvers choose the best tool for the job using their own foundational knowledge they've acquired over their education or career. Building upon this, what tool an individual selects to solve a problem may be based on prior values and assumptions.

    20. a precise definition will adequately circumscribe creative work, marking out the part(s) of creative process or levels of expertise technology should support

      current research looks to define creativity in hopes of understanding what parts of creation (iteration, design, execution) tech should help enhance, as well as which level of skill (beginner, intermediate, etc) tech should be catered towards.

    21. Identifying this vagueness, Remy et al. [112] point out that creativity can simultaneously refer to the “creativity of the outcome”, “the usability of the tool itself”, or “the productivity of the process [as mediated through] CST”.

      creativity can mean different things at the same time.

    22. Simply put, creativity is a noun performing the work of an adjective.

      to further simplify, creativity is used as a noun (a thing) but functions as an adjective (a descriptive word).

    23. When evaluating computer-mediated creative work, should we ask if technology is enhancing the creative person(s) –perhaps pointing toward an adoption of CST definitions such as “[computational techniques that] mak[e] people more creative more often” [124]– or should we examine how technology is facilitating the creative activity –thus suggesting the need to develop evaluation metrics for CST that are comparable to usability principles

      in evaluating computer-mediated creative work, does one focus on whether tech enhances the creator or that it facilitates the creative action?

    1. It's you and me upagainst the wall, baby.

      Foreshadowing the existence of the Wall, where they are hung up. Play of language

    2. They had notyet reached the level of words

      Again how language can be subversive and deceptive in comparison with the pure and multifaceted nature of desire and the senses.

    3. It's impossible to say a thing exactly the way it was,because what you say can never be exact, you always have to leave somethingout, there are too many parts, sides, cross currents, nuances; too manygestures, which could mean this or that, too many shapes which can never befully described, too many flavors, in the air or on the tongue, half-colors, toomany

      She admits her own unreliability by using the physical sensory imagery and therefore showing that language is often insufficient and incapable of fully describing the human experience of the senses.

    4. Nor does rape cover it: nothing is going on here that I haven'tsigned up for. There wasn't a lot of choice but there was some, and this iswhat I chose.

      The fact that none of these words except the word "fucking" can describe it shows that all humanity is taken out of the equation, only beastiality is left. Anything to describe a human experience of sex cannot be used (copulation, rape, making love). No emotion. Just the act itself

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    1. I've been a UK resident for over 70 years, have two degrees from a very well known university, and find both zeros and zeroes quite acceptable as the plural form. So our perceptions are different. Do we toss a coin, or see who can shout the louder? ... Dictionaries are less open to subjective bias than individuals because of the averaging effect of carefully controlled large surveys (and acceptability is usage driven). It's good to realise that personal preferences may not be the best basis for judging correctness.
  3. Aug 2024
    1. Margaret Atwood implies that language is the tool of humanity and the tool of survival. They assimilate information through the use of stories, most importantly, an adaptation from long ago, as a melting pot of rationality and feeling, thought feeling machines/ entities are human.

    2. Regarding storytelling, it serves as a form of escape from the repression. Though it is hard to achieve (the level of focus) it is still there -- and it defies laws in the sense that even when there is nobody, a story has to be told to somebody. This abstractness also with language shows that restriction cannot exist because of these paradoxical loopholes

    3. There is more than one kind of freedom, said Aunt Lydia. Freedom toand freedom from. In the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you arebeing given freedom from. Don't underrate it

      This is ironic and very important. Freedom to and freedom from -- playing with language, a form of manipulation. Gilead is more than for its birth rate purposes... A form of gaslighting.

      Shows the role of language in perception, in reality, and yet also shows that there is a limit that the mindset can do for you. It is still suffering, without duty.

    1. self-sufficient, pre-given referent. Both the Freudian andthe Lacanian unconscious, as it were, put external reality outof play.

      Even though Lacan objects and states that the unconscious is made of a chain of signifiers (language), he actually in some sense agrees with Freud in the sense that language is not connected to reality. It constructs reality.

    2. language and the thing about which itspeaks

      Language shapes the world experience or reality because of our signifiers that create distinctions (the other/ the symbolic) and in turn we are shaped by our world experience (truth), and therefore shaped by language and the symbolic in itself.

    3. Lacan’s terms, these distinctions come to us from the order ofsignifiers, and they must therefore be understood as an activelystructuring principle.

      Distinctions between subjects is purely a matter of language, when discernible things are usually gradual and not ordered. This connects to Hume's bundle theory where the human mind chooses where the boundary lies between continuity and discontinuity even when all should be gradually discontinuous -- the continuity is simply an illusion, a phantasy.

    4. we will never find anything morethan gradual differences. Yet we are not a bit “man” and a bit“woman” (or vice versa), but either “man” or “woman”—we areone or the other. This absolute difference does not exist in (lived)reality, which knows only gradual distinctions.

      This is an example of how language or symbolic signifiers alter the lived experience more than the lived experience does simply to the real. Does this mean that as one grows up and is exposed to more of the symbolic world and language, one is indulged more in the phantasy and is further from accessing the "real"?

    5. hat clearly cannot bedirectly derived from the facts of experience.

      Language shapes the experience of reality in a way that simply experiencing cannot. Like performativity. Is there a signifier that articulates this way of experience? this is created in the symbolic order, rather than any other.

    6. it is a question of whether there is a signifier inthe symbolic system that articulates this connection.

      The concept of fatherhood relies directly on the notion and connection between procreation and fatherhood which is passed through language, which articulates it.

    7. For Freud, this means that language does notyet function as language in the proper sense here: the uncon-scious does not know language, and nor therefore does it knowthe test of reality.

      Language = reality even for freud

    8. he connection between trompe andtromper arises simply on the basis of the material similarity be-tween the words. If the dream thus employs language t

      This is why the Freudian slip exists (the reasoning behind the freudian slip) -- since words can only exist in the unconscious in a purely material way, mistakened meanings between words are due to sound and appearance alone.

    9. o that the hidden “logos” ofwhich they are the expression can be brought to light. ForLacan, moreover, the fact that the unconscious “logos” at workin those experiences can be brought to light by way of languageimmediately implies that the unconscious, too, also belongs tothe order of language in one way or another.

      Lacan states that the unconscious is made of language because the states of knowledge within the unconscious can only be understood by way of language? through articulation?

    1. Anglophonic monoculture which renders certain dimensions of life invisible and therefore impossible to address
      • for
      • English language - makes invisible salient aspects off reality vital for rapid whole system change
    2. Shifting our linguistic habits towards ecological communication would require learning to pay attention to “motion and mystery of the interrelatedness and entanglement of everything” which entails deactivating the old habits and reactivating “capacities that have been exiled by these habits.”

      for - rapid whole system change - salience of shifting language habits - planetary emergency - salience of shifting language habits - question - shifting language habits

      question - shifting language habits - from industrial, goal oriented - to ecological - how? Watch Great Simplification Interview

    3. relationship to language and how it might lead to miscommunication

      for - language - miscommunication

    4. while our predicament is eco-logical (“let it live”), our thinking remains techno-logical (“fix it”). The monoculture's fixation on what I call algorithmic rationality (linear, sequential, goal-oriented problem-solving),

      for - adjacency - ecology of communication - progress traps - intentionality - language

      adjacency - between - ecology of communications - progress traps - intentionally - language - emptiness - adjacency relationship - human intentionally focuses it attention on only a few select aspects of the entire gestalt of any moment of our phenomenological reality - It creates our salience landscape - What we choose to focus on and know more about it always coupled with and complimented by a vast ignorance of what we choose NOT to know - Indeed, the use language itself is the telling of a very specific story - Of all the stories we can tell, - Of the infinite stories we can construct now, -we settle on one - So the use of language already betrays the complexity inherent in each and every one of our ecological moments - We plant the seeds for progress traps as soon as we - manifest an intention - attempt to communicate - Hence, it is not avoidable and the best we can do is - recognize our situation - manage it - It is the relationship between - human nature (perceived as limited) - nature nature (infinite) - What springs to mind if the Zen koan - The elbow does not bend backwards

  4. Jul 2024
    1. Whoosh provides methods for computing the “key terms” of a set of documents. For these methods, “key terms” basically means terms that are frequent in the given documents, but relatively infrequent in the indexed collection as a whole.

      Very interesting method, and way of looking at the signal. "What makes a document exceptional because something is common within itself and uncommon without".

  5. Jun 2024
    1. Save this question. Show activity on this post. I'm from South East Asia, and in here, it's very common to use "kindly" as a written polite request to other people, and I often see it on the internet as well. But I've just discovered that from this website, "kindly" is regarded as a "low-brow, patronizing, and overly sensitive". Other people are recommending that you use the word "kindly". Please, never use the word "kindly" when interacting with Americans. In the view of Americans, only English-speaking Indians use this word. It comes across as low-brow, patronizing, and overly sensitive. Oh wow, I never know that. But coming from a non native western background and culture, I have nobody here I can crosscheck information with. Maybe someone here with the appropriate culture background knowledge can give some insight? Is this a general view, or just a partial view of Americans about this word? Should I stop using this word from now on, or I just overly worried over nothing? Thanks.

      TIL

      I didn't know that most people (outside of Asia) consider "kindly" to be patronizing. The many quirks of language!

    1. If you disprove something, you haven't necessarily proved the opposite. If you disprove something, you have indeed proved its negation. If you disapprove of an action, you do indeed approve of not doing that action (so, disapproving X is approving not-X).
    2. (That is, when you disprefer that George be elected, you prefer the negation, that George not be elected, rather than just you do not prefer that George be elected, which is compatible with indifference.)
    3. Who says it's not a word? Not a word, simply because lexicographers have not recognized it? When a lexicographer recognizes it, it has already been in use! Even Mr. Fiske says it is a word, although he obviously disprefers it.

      by the time a lexicographer recognizes it, it has already been in use

    1. At the entry for irregardless, we provide a paragraph in which we note that the use of the word is still met with considerable objection, and we even go so far as to advise the reader to use regardless instead—which is about as close as we get to offering a usage prescription in our dictionaries.
    1. Thus, as in the case of natural languages, the pattern language is generative. It not only tells us the rules of arrangement, but shows us how to construct arrangements as many as we want which satisfy the rules.
    2. the language provides the framework for using the patterns as a program to create form.  But he aims for semantics, allegory, and poetics, as well as the aspects of language that generate feelings, emotions, a sense of order — all of which extend beyond the structural, topological and syntactic aspects of his program.
    1. I'm no longer truly an individual I'm always parasitic on this 00:13:10 larger relationship

      for - adjacency - symbolic language - no longer individual - parasitic on larger relationship - Deep Humanity - individual / collective gestalt

      adjacency - between - Terrence Deacon explanation of symbolic language - symbolic language - no longer individual but parasitic on collective - Deep Humanity - individual / collective gestalt - adjacency relationship - Deacon asserts that the successful use of symbolic language implies we are no longer truly individual, that is - isolated, but rather are dependent on the collective - The Deep Humanity praxis recognizes the same intertwingledness in defining the individual/collective gestalt

    2. how was it that our symbols became so dislocated 00:09:34 from physical uh materiality and the biophysical reality that we've created an economy that's destroying the biosphere

      for - question - Planet Critical podcast - What is the role of language in creating an ecocidal economy?

    1. what life might be that baby could be 00:38:31 born in an era 10,000 years ago and would be coming into its World learning to make sense of the relationships and the way that you 00:38:45 survive in this world

      for - Nora Bateson - response to interview question - Is English language more separating? - Gedanken - Entangled Worlds podcast

      response - Nora Bateson - Entangled Worlds podcast question - Is English more separating than other languages? - yes - Gedanken - Nora responds by posing a Gedaken that shows how culturally relative our worldviews are - Our enculturation plays a major role in shaping our worldviews - Ronald Wright's famous quotation about how the human brain has not substantially changed in the past 50,000 years implies that - between the present and anytime less than 50,000 years ago, - if we were transported back in time, we would simply adapt the same culturally norms at that time

      epiphany - time travel and a clue to the deepest part of nature within human nature - This Gedanken suggests something important, namely that - if the seemingly immovable worldviews we adopt are a consequence of enculturation - then perhaps that which is the most fundamental aspect of our nature is not dependent on culture? - In other words, if we remove our enculturation, what is left is the most profound set of qualities of being human, - one that transcends all relative cultural perspectives

      reference - Ronald Wright computer metaphor on progress traps - Ronald Wright's computer metaphor helps us see how fluid the enculturation of a neonate is - https://hyp.is/6Lb6Uv5NEe2ZerOrftOHfA/www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/321797-a-short-history-of-progress

    2. it's really 00:40:26 important to to to tickle that to loosen it to to start to approach things in really different ways because they you get really different 00:40:40 responses and then things are shifting

      for - Nora Bateson - response to interview question - Is English language more separating? - loosen up!

    1. The more inventive and fecund a great mind is, the more it will shape thelanguage it uses to fit its thought. To express a new idea or insight, a new word isinvented or an old word given a novel meaning. Sometimes in the development ofhis own characteristic vocabulary, a great writer uses a new word for an old ideawhich he has appropriated and assimilated to his own thought. Sometimes theopposite occurs; the traditional word is appropriated or borrowed, but the ideawhich it long expressed is replaced either by a totally new, or at least by a variant,conception.

      Language is essential for the expression of thought, be it novel or ancient.

  6. May 2024
    1. for - Denis Noble - Ready Noble - evolutionary biology - critique of Richard Dawkins Selfish Gene theory - critique of gene centrism - book - Understanding Living Systems - human agency

      summary - In this informative interview, brothers Denis and Ray Noble discuss their new book - Understanding Living Systems, and - dispel the 70 year old narrative of Gene centrism and the selfish gene as determining the high level behaviour of living organisms

    1. Theoretically interested readers should therefore follow the advice of learning as many languages as possible in such a way that they have at least passive mastery of them and thus can read and understand them.

      Interesting, Luhmann recommends to know many languages so as to prevent the pitfalls of translational errors in conveying meaning when it is to read translated books. So read books in their original language.

    1. LLMs, by their very nature, don't have a concept of "source". Attribution is pretty much impossible. Attribution only really works if you use language models as "search engine". The moment you start generating output, the source is lost.
    1. Our core assumption is that foundational models, having been extensively trained in English texts, possess a substantial level of understanding and reasoning capabilities. Transferring these capabilities from English to another language, such as Korean, could be more efficient than developing performance from standalone Korean pre-training.

      Hipótesis: Transferencia de conocimientos de Ingles a nuevo lenguaje

  7. Apr 2024
    1. search - Google - https://www.google.com/search?q=penetrating+the+circularity+of+language&sca_esv=f3a10901b51afbdb&sxsrf=ACQVn09m0Xq0UJifhB2MGXO1HNWdkYPGjA%3A1714198161525&ei=kZYsZsTQH_GVxc8P7O2K2AM&oq=penetrating+the+circularity+of+language&gs_lp=EhNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwIidwZW5ldHJhdGluZyB0aGUgY2lyY3VsYXJpdHkgb2YgbGFuZ3VhZ2UyBBAjGCdI1DBQryFY6iRwAXgBkAEAmAGIA6AB1AqqAQMzLTS4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgKgAuMCwgIKEAAYsAMY1gQYR5gDAIgGAZAGBJIHBTEuMy0xoAfkCw&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp search results returned - Very few salient results returned, - indicating little research in this field - try this:

      search - Google - Nagarjuna penetrating the circularity of language - https://www.google.com/search?q=nagarjuna+penetrating+the+circularity+of+language&sca_esv=f3a10901b51afbdb&sxsrf=ACQVn082tuUJX8gz-CjpZ6AF3wXPxbGK6Q%3A1714197263134&ei=D5MsZvLhB56Jxc8Ph-CH0A0&oq=nagarjuna+penetrating+the+circularity+of+language&gs_lp=EhNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwIjFuYWdhcmp1bmEgcGVuZXRyYXRpbmcgdGhlIGNpcmN1bGFyaXR5IG9mIGxhbmd1YWdlSPPEDFCx_gtY0akMcAN4AZABAJgBqwSgAbQgqgEHMy01LjMuMrgBA8gBAPgBAZgCCqACpxfCAgoQABiwAxjWBBhHwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICCBAAGIAEGKIEwgIEEB4YCpgDAIgGAZAGBJIHBzMuMy00LjOgB9Ab&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp#ip=1

      search results returned of interest - › logic...PDF Logic and Philosophy of Language Language and languages—Philosophy. 4 ... pupil Alexander had, after all, penetrated to India in the course ... Nagarjuna's system . Philosophy East and West, vi ... - https://dokumen.pub/download/logic-and-philosophy-of-language-2nbsped-0815336101-0815336098-081533608x-081533611x-0815336128-9781136773440-1136773444.html - › Lang... Saying what Cannot Be Said With Western and Confucian Ritual ... This dissertation addresses one of the classical philosophical and theological problems of religious language, namely, how to speak meaningfully about ... - https://www.academia.edu/41159976/Language_as_Ritual_Saying_what_Cannot_Be_Said_With_Western_and_Confucian_Ritual_Theories - https://www.academia.edu/41159976/Language_as_Ritual_Saying_what_Cannot_Be_Said_With_Western_and_Confucian_Ritual_Theories - collectionscanada.gc.ca https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca › ...PDF A Comparative Study of Nagarjuna and Derrida - https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/002/MR46971.PDF - Monoskop https://monoskop.org › Var...PDF Varela_Thompson_Rosch_The_... recurrent patterns (in Piaget's language, "circular reactions") of sen- sorimotor activity. Piaget, however, as a theorist, never seems to have doubted the - https://monoskop.org/images/2/21/Varela_Thompson_Rosch_The_Embodied_Mind_Cognitive_Science_and_Human_Experience_1991.pdf -

    1. for - search - Google - penetrating the essence of language - https://www.google.com/search?q=penetrating+the+essence+of+language&oq=penetrating+the+essence+of+language&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigAdIBCTk1ODVqMGoxNqgCAbACAQ&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8#sbfbu=1&pi=penetrating%20the%20essence%20of%20language

      Source - Reading Ernest Becker - The birth and death of meaning - listening to David Loy - https://youtu.be/UGEbXdFWfPA?si=ksPZePFzTrfS_gq. <br /> - https://youtu.be/ajwH-5YhxBc?si=y-Z9CFn09PvMfdUA - need to find someone for Deep Humanity work - Common human denominator of language

      results returned of interest

      by FH Lapointe · 1973 · Cited by 5 — child. Language is revelatory of being and existence. If we would grasp fully the meaning of language we must - https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED085799.pdf - Merleau-ponty's conceptions stand in opposition ts, Saussure's linguistic postulations and Korzybski's scientism. That is, if language is studied phenomenologically, the acts of speech and gesture take on greater importance than language as currently viewed in structural linguistics and general semantics. - Universidad de Granada https://www.ugr.es › Langu...PDF Language and Mind, Third Edition language to language. ... guages – that defines the “essence” of human language. ... rationalist view that Peirce outlined, we must penetrate the mysteries of - https://www.ugr.es/~fmanjon/Language%20and%20Mind.pdf - University of Pennsylvania - School of Arts & Sciences https://www.sas.upenn.edu › ...PDF 32 Relations Between Language and Thought by L Gleitman · Cited by 91 — If so, the suggestion is that labeling practice is penetrating to the level of nonlinguistic cognition. Roberson and colleagues adopt this - https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~gleitman/papers/Gleitman%20&%20Papafragou%202013_Relations%20between%20language%20and%20thought.pdf - Academia.edu https://www.academia.edu › The_I... (PDF) The Instruction of Imagination: Language as a Social ... While all other systems of communication in the biological world target the interlocutors' senses, language allows speakers to systematically instruct their - https://www.academia.edu/35571744/The_Instruction_of_Imagination_Language_as_a_Social_Communication_Technology - PhilArchive https://philarchive.org › MU...PDF The Essence of Language: Wittgenstein's Builders and Bühler's ... by K Mulligan · 1997 · Cited by 45 — I compare what Wittgenstein says about language and reference at the beginning of his Philosophical Investigations with some - https://philarchive.org/archive/MULTEO-3

    1. real life community

      I would change this to "physical community" to avoid implying that online communities are "less real".

    2. AMYPA

      Explain what AMYPA stands for and its relevance to all readers, or provide a local equivalent for international audiences.

    3. Giving the possibility to start the first contact behind the keyboard can help the most timid people, first observing 👀 before encouraging them to take the first step.

      Allowing initial contact to be made behind the keyboard not only helps the most timid individuals by letting them observe before participating, but it also caters to people with disabilities and those who prefer text-based communication, making it easier for everyone to engage confidently from the start.

    1. Children are struggling to master the most basic reading skills in their home language in the foundation phase (grades 1-3).

      My app addresses this I hope - or assists in some way to address this.

    2. A child needs at least two kinds of skills before they can comprehend what they’re reading. These are oral language skills (listening, speaking and knowing how spoken words sound) and decoding skills (knowledge of letter-sound relationships to turn a written word into a spoken word).
    1. HOW TO IMPROVE TO MOTHER TONGUE LEARNING Begin literacy teaching in mother tongueA curriculum, rooted in the child’s known language, cultureand environment, with appropriate and locally-developedreading and curriculum materials, is crucial for earlylearning success. Using the home language in the early stagesof schooling in multilingual contexts supports child-centricpolicies. It starts with what is familiar and builds in newknowledge. It creates a smooth transition between home andschool; it stimulates interest and ensures greaterparticipation and engagement. This prepares children for theacquisition of literacy and encourages fluency andconfidence in both the mother tongue and, later, in otherlanguages, where this is necessary. Ensure availability of mother-tongue materialsChildren need to be engaged in and excited about readingand learning and this can only be done if the materials areones which they will understand and enjoy. In mostdeveloping countries, the only reading material children seeare school textbooks, which are often in very short supply.Other materials to support learning are hardly everavailable. Without access to good materials, children struggleto become literate and learn. In most low- and middle-income countries, the majority of primary schools have nolibrary, and books are luxuries which families cannot afford.For children from minority language communities, thesituation is even more dismal. Textbooks are rarely availablein local languages. Provide early childhood education in mother tongueLiteracy development starts early in life, and the homeenvironment is an important factor in children’s learningachievement. It helps build the knowledge and skills childrenneed for learning to read. Where parents and the communityare supporting literacy development, results show a markedimprovement. The earlier children are exposed to stories thebetter their reading is: reading for only 15 minutes a day canexpose children to one million written words in a year,thereby helping them to develop a rich vocabulary. Childrenwith access to materials at home are more likely to developfluency in reading
    1. class children and their teachers. There are two elements of the critique. Thefirst element focuses on the linguistic resources of children and teachers. Thecritique is that the knowledge project implicitly works from an English speakingnormative social universe and starting points, and does not field test or generateenough research placing African language children and teachers at the centre. Assuch, our ideas about literacy and mathematics do not build upon the languageresources of African language speaking children and teachers. The secondelement focuses on social class and its relation to education. The critique isthat the knowledge project implicitly works from a more middle class schoolingcontext, underestimating the exigencies of the poor and working class, deeplyrooted in historic neglect and the marginalisation of communities and schools

      Research reflecting back to the idea that the mother tongue is critical.

    1. Adults do not perceive accessibility of reading materials in appropriate languages as a primary barrier to reading with children. Only 5% of adults who do not read with children said it wasbecause they did not have materials in the right languages (most said it was a lack of time). On the other hand, 79% of adults also report that they would read more with children if theycould access more materials in their preferred languages. This suggests that adults who are strongly motivated to read with children will do so, irrespective of materials access, but thatincreasing accessibility to reading materials in the right languages may increase the quality and amount of reading.71Figure 49

      Language barriers for home language vs second.

    1. which is the national curriculum,emphasises the importance of student proficiency in at least two languages and being ableto communicate in others. The language-specific curricula follows an additive approach tomultilingualism, namely, all students learn a language on a “home language” level (which formost would be their home language) and at least one additional offi cial language, and becomecompetent in their additional language on a second-language level, while the home languageis maintained and developed.

      Why home language is important to learn first

  8. Mar 2024
    1. science has transformed our understanding of time.
      • It’s not an exaggeration to say that
        • science has transformed our understanding of time.
      • But as well in conjunction with this
        • it has transformed- the concept of who we are.
      • From biology we have learned that
        • there is no such thing as race,
        • we are all fundamentally one species
          • (with contributions from a few other sister species, Denisovans and Neanderthals).
      • And from physics we can say that
        • we are literally the space dust of the cosmos
          • experiencing itself in human form.

      for - language - primacy of - symbolosphere - adjacency - language - science - multi-scale competency architecture - Michael Levin - complexity - social superorganism - major evolutionary transition - worldviews - scientific vs religious - Michael Levin - multi-scale competency architecture

      adjacency - between - deep time - multi-scale competency architecture - Michael Levin - social superorganism - complexity - major evolutionary transition - complexity - adjacency statement - Deep time narrative has potential for unifying polarised worldviews - but citing purely scientific evidence risks excluding and alienating large percentage of people who have a predominantly religious worldview - Language, the symbolosphere is the foundation that has made discourse in both religion and science possible - Due to its fundamental role, starting with language could be even more unifying than beginning with science, - as there are large cultural groups that - do not prioritize the scientific worldview and narrative, but - prefer a religious one.<br /> - Having said that, multi-scale competency architecture, - a concept introduced by Michael Levin - encapsulates the deep time approach in each human being, - which withing Deep Humanity praxis we call "human INTERbeCOMing" to represent our fundamental nature as a process, not a static entity - Each human INTERbeCOMing encapsulates deep time, and is - an embodiment of multiple stages of major evolutionary transitions in deep time - both an individual and multiple collectives - what we can in Deep Humanity praxis the individual / collective gestalt

    1. My belief is that societies cannot organize effectively to cope with the impacts of climate change without a shared understanding of the future that awaits.

      quote - shared futures - climate crisis and appropriate language - (quote below)

      • My belief is that
        • societies cannot organize effectively
        • to cope with
        • the impacts of climate change
        • without a shared understanding of
        • the future that awaits.
      • Currently, representations of the net-zero future
        • don’t do that.
      • They are a denial of the best of human nature.
      • They shut down the possibility of
        • imagining something different
        • in favor of a fantasy of more of the same,
          • minus catastrophic climate change.
      • With a better, shared understanding of the world we’re moving toward,
        • we can better organize ourselves to live in that world,
          • whatever that might mean,
          • whatever that might look like.
    1. This morning I ran across a copy of Jane Austen's novel Emma with some of the keywords on each page translated into Welsh as footnotes at the bottom of the page. Apparently it's part of a series of classic books published by Icon into a variety of different languages and meant for language learners.

      The full list of their titles with Welsh can be found here: Webster's Welsh Thesaurus Editions

      I'm curious if anyone has used these before, and if so, how helpful they've found them for building their Welsh vocabulary as they read English language works.

      Is anyone aware of Welsh language books that have this sort of English vocabulary cross listed on the page? (Sort of the way in which lingo.360.cymru has news stories in Welsh with English translation help along the way?)

      syndication link: https://en.forum.saysomethingin.com/t/websters-welsh-thesaurus-editions/40131

    1. Actually, ChatGPT is INCREDIBLY Useful (15 Surprising Examples) by ThioJoe on YouTube, 8-Feb-2024

      • 0:00 - Intro
      • 0:28 - An Important Point
      • 1:26 - What If It's Wrong?
      • 1:54 - Explain Command Line Parameters
      • 2:36 - Ask What Command to Use
      • 3:04 - Parse Unformatted Data
      • 4:54 - Use As A Reverse Dictionary
      • 6:16 - Finding Hard-To-Search Information
      • 7:48 - Finding TV Show Episodes
      • 8:20 - A Quick Note
      • 8:37 - Multi-Language Translations
      • 9:21 - Figuring Out the Correct Software Version
      • 9:58 - Adding Code Comments
      • 10:18 - Adding Debug Print Statements
      • 10:42 - Calculate Subscription Break-Even
      • 11:40 - Programmatic Data Processing
  9. Feb 2024
    1. While the language of oppression is still with us, new words continue to emerge that are more accurate and descriptive, and allow us to be more successful in ameliorating oppression and more productive in our interactions with each other. If humankind can relearn the language of diversity, then we can relearn how to respect and treat each other with honor, dignity and love

    1. Sarah is a Senior Research Fellow in the Faculty of Linguistics, Philology, and Phonetics, and Director of the Dictionary Lab at Oxford. She specializes in lexicography, endangered languages, language revitalization, the history of dictionaries, and the interface of technology with the Social Sciences and Humanities (digital humanities). Her research includes work on Australian Aboriginal and American Indian languages, especially relating to language documentation and revitalization. She is the Director of the new MSc in Digital Scholarship.

      What a fascinating set of areas she's working in... I want to do this...

  10. Jan 2024
    1. Hubinger, et. al. "SLEEPER AGENTS: TRAINING DECEPTIVE LLMS THAT PERSIST THROUGH SAFETY TRAINING". Arxiv: 2401.05566v3. Jan 17, 2024.

      Very disturbing and interesting results from team of researchers from Anthropic and elsewhere.

    1. Some of Newton's notes come from a 1654 edition of: Gregory, Francis. Ονομαστικὸν βραχύ; sive, Nomenclatura brevis, Anglo-Latino-Græca, in usum Scholæ Westmonasteriensis. Per F. G. [i.e. Francis Gregory.] Editio vigesima secunda, etc. John Meredith, in trust for Royston and Elizabeth Meredith, 1710.

    1. whitehead says that philosophy is an attempt to express the infinity of the universe in terms of the limitations of language

      for - Whitehead's philosophy - Whitehead - limitations of language - Indra's Net - Whitehead - process relational ontology

      • Whitehead says that

        • philosophy is an attempt to express the infinity of the universe
          • in terms of the LIMITATIONS OF LANGUAGE
      • And i think this image of the spiderweb with the dewdrops each reflecting the others is the perfect analogy for whitehead's ontology

      • You may have heard of indra's net from madhyamaka buddhism
        • the idea of dependent co-origination of all things
          • that nothing has independent abiding existence
            • but is rather caught up in a network of
              • relations or
            • causes and conditions
          • and so you can't remove any of the nodes in the network without destroying the node and totally changing the rest of the network that it was embedded within
      • This is the key to what a process RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY is trying to reveal to us about the nature of reality
      • Dependent co-origination or you could say
        • the inter-penetration of all things
      • though in Whitehead's cosmology there really are no things
        • if by thing you mean an inert isolated entity
      • Whiteheads ontology is really composed of events or processes
      • You could say and these processes for whitehead are
        • drops of experience
      • So for whitehead, there's no node in the network of reality that is not there for itself
      • It is not enjoying some degree of experience or subjectivity or has some degree or capacity for feeling
  11. Dec 2023
    1. ho bisogno che

      In the 1947 version, Levi writes ‘voglio che’. The change to ‘ho bisogno che’ in the 1958 edition closely recalls, and seems to be in dialogue with, the beginning of SQ (‘Prefazione’), where Levi states that he wrote his book to satisfy an urgent and elementary need - that of telling his story and bearing witness after his liberation from Auschwitz.

      VG

    1. The true distinction: static vs. dynamic

      The true distinction that we should be teaching students is the difference between properties of languages that can be determined statically—that is, by just staring at the code without running it—and properties that can only be known dynamically, during runtime.

      Notice that I said “properties” and not “languages”. Every programming language chooses its own set of properties that can be determined either statically or dynamically, and taken together, this makes a language more “dynamic” or more “static”. Static versus dynamic is a spectrum, and yes, Python falls on the more dynamic end of the spectrum. A language like Java has far more static features than Python, but even Java includes things like reflection, which is inarguably a dynamic feature.

    1. To restate another way, every single time we try to navigate real life (including the metacrisis) by focusing our attention on human-created constructs like economy and education, we automatically double down on dissociating from reality. As Daniel says, it is reductionistic to do this. That’s the nice way of putting it. Losing touch with reality is also the literal definition of psychotic.
      • for: critique - language

      • question: navigating without language

      • critique: language
      • adjacency between
        • kariotic flow
        • word intent
        • epoche
        • is the author sayng that we can and must navigator without language and ideas? If so, I don't see how that is possible, since language shapes the way we experience reality. Decades of languages training has become a part of the way we experience reality now and I don't see how it can become undone.
        • I've explored my entire life, in fact to determine it's itt is possible to undo this deep linguistic conditioning
          • my latest explorations of epoche are towards this direction
    2. Unfortunately, whenever we attempt to orient thought, choice and action using these human-created concepts, we’re effectively navigating towards the centre or essence of the concept’s definition, and as an inevitable consequence are simultaneously orienting away from reality-as-it-is, as a whole. (The map is not the territory!)
      • for: critique - language constructs

      • critique: language constructs

        • it is an inherent aspect of language that words are loci of a specific aspect of reality
    1. 仔細聽就可以知道他們講的地地道道的「北京話」和我們所說的「國語」也不是兩回事。當「國語」剩下煮、煨、燉、煎、炒、炸這些「大方向」的動作時,他們還會使用焯、飛水、燒、打沫、擼之類的詞。顏色都還會用棗紅、糖紅、碧綠、翠綠來區分,黏不只黏,還黏糊;顫不只顫,還顫悠。「北京話」和「國語」差異絕對不只兒化音和捲舌問題。問題關鍵當然是在為了方便推行「國語」,人工的、製造的國語便少了很多生活或細節的部份。寫作文章差別愈顯明。平平寫「中文」,「國語」和「北京話」的豐富程度天差地,欲寫贏中國人,真僫。這時台語優勢就出來矣。和北京話仝款,閣保留誠濟用詞幼路的所在,親像炕、燖、煏、𠞭。最近台語文書寫的作家增加也是按呢,使用生活語言寫作,才有可能寫愈好。

      語彙的豐富性,例如煮食

      北京話 >> 普通話, 臺語 >> 國語

  12. Nov 2023
    1. he spoke of the ‘historian’s credo’ that ‘the factscrubbed clean is more eternal than perfumed or rouged words’ (Marcus, 1957:466).17

      Jacob Marcus, ‘The Historian’s Credo’, 1958, AJA Marcus Nearprint File, Box 2.

    1. catch me if I stray

      "Evolving from violent language" (picture, see Obsidian)

      • for: BEing journey - adapt to, DH, Deep Humanity

      • comment

        • Potentiality coupled with limitations - Daseitz Suzuki and the elbow does not bend backwards.
        • The experience of the unnamable quality present in every moment - infinite potentiality
        • The mundane is the extraordinary. Even when we name it and discover it in all our scientific discoveries and articulate it, and mass produce technologies with it, is is still miraculous
      • adjacency

        • Nora Bateson's book Combining and the Douglas Rushkoff podcast interview
        • potentiality
      • adjacency statement
        • both are alluding to the pure potentiality latent in the moment
        • language can be contextualized as an unfolding of the space of potentiality to a specific trajectory. Each word added to the previous one to form a sentence is a choice in an infinite, abstract space of symbols that communicates intentionality and is designed to focus the attention of the listener to one very narrow aspect of the enormous field of infinite potentiality
    1. COMMENTS BY REVIEWER AI have studied this manuscript very carefully withlemon juice and X-rays and have not detected a singleflaw in either design or writing style. I suggest it bepublished without revision. Clearly it is the mostconcise manuscript I have ever seen-yet it containssufficient detail to allow other investigators to repli-cate Dr. Upper's failure. In comparison with theother manuscripts I get from you containing all thatcomplicated detail, this one was a pleasure to examine.Surely we can find a place for this paper in theJournal-perhaps on the edge of a blank page.

      Flawless bullshitting.

  13. Oct 2023
    1. usage is also, however, a concern for the prescriptive tradition, for which "correctness" is a matter of arbitrating style
    2. In the descriptive tradition of language analysis, by way of contrast, "correct" tends to mean functionally adequate for the purposes of the speaker or writer using it, and adequately idiomatic to be accepted by the listener or reader
    1. New words, and new senses and uses of words, are not sanctioned or rejected by the authority of any single body: they arise through regular use and, once established, are recorded in dictionaries and grammars.
    2. In this book, grammar refers to the manner in which the language functions, the ways that the blocks of speech and writing are put together. Usage refers to using specific words in a manner that will be thought of as either acceptable or unacceptable. The question of whether or not to split an infinitive is a consideration of grammar; the question of whether one should use literally in a nonliteral sense is one of usage."
    1. According to TLC, 143 out of 219 languages are in danger of extinction in the United States, while 75 of 94 are at similar risk in Canada.
    2. The RWC was developed by The Language Conservancy (TLC), an NGO dedicated to protecting around 50 Indigenous languages around the world, in order to churn out such dictionaries at super-speed. TLC, which has a $3 million budget, regularly teams up linguists with Native American language teachers to work on these dictionaries.
    3. International Conference on Indigenous Language Documentation, Education and Revitalization (ICILDER) last weekend at the University of Indiana.
    1. Wu, Prabhumoye, Yeon Min, Bisk, Salakhutdinov, Azaria, Mitchell and Li. "SPRING: GPT-4 Out-performs RL Algorithms byStudying Papers and Reasoning". Arxiv preprint arXiv:2305.15486v2, May, 2023.

    1. Zecevic, Willig, Singh Dhami and Kersting. "Causal Parrots: Large Language Models May Talk Causality But Are Not Causal". In Transactions on Machine Learning Research, Aug, 2023.

    1. "The Age of AI has begun : Artificial intelligence is as revolutionary as mobile phones and the Internet." Bill Gates, March 21, 2023. GatesNotes

    1. Feng, 2022. "Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis"

      Shared and found via: Gowthami Somepalli @gowthami@sigmoid.social Mastodon > Gowthami Somepalli @gowthami StructureDiffusion: Improve the compositional generation capabilities of text-to-image #diffusion models by modifying the text guidance by using a constituency tree or a scene graph.