- Sep 2024
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hypothes.is hypothes.is
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Must we expect someone to conquer Zeus?
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Local file Local file
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Moira had power now, she'dbeen set loose, she'd set herself loose. She was now a loose woman
The word play equates freedom to power, to being a whore, to not restraining oneself from innate desires.
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- Jun 2024
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books.google.com books.google.com
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"humor is play...Therefore, no definition of humor, no theory of wit, no explanation of comic laughter, will ever stand up, which is not based upon the distinction between playful and serious." (p.15; Max Eastman (1936).
pg.3
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- Apr 2024
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www.henrikkarlsson.xyz www.henrikkarlsson.xyz
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https://web.archive.org/web/20240409122434/https://www.henrikkarlsson.xyz/p/go
- In the decades before AI beat Go-worldchampion, the highest level of Go-players was stable.
- After AI beat the Go-worldchampion, there is a measurable increase in the creativity and quality of Go-players. The field has risen as a whole.
- The change is not attributable to copying AI output (although 40% of cases that happened) but to increased human creativity (60%).
- The realisation that improvement is possible, creates the improvement. This reminds me of [[Beschouw telkens je adjacent possibles 20200826185412]] wrt [[Evolutionair vlak van mogelijkheden 20200826185412]]
- Also the improvement coincides with the appearance of an open source model and tool, which allowed players to explore and interact with the AI, not just play a Go-game against it.
- Examples of plateau-ing of accomplishments and sudden changes exist in sports
- There may also be a link to how in other fields one might see the low end of an activity up their game through using AI rather than be overtaken by it.
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- Feb 2024
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www.gdgoenkapatelnagar.com www.gdgoenkapatelnagar.com
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As a parent, you understand the importance of the early years in your child's life. It's during this formative period that their foundation for learning, creativity, and social skills is established. Choosing a reputable play school in Patel Nagar is the first step in ensuring your child gets the right start. Let's explore the significance of play schools and why gd goenka patel nagar is the ideal choice for your child's early education journey.
As a parent, you understand the importance of the early years in your child's life. It's during this formative period that their foundation for learning, creativity, and social skills is established. Choosing a reputable play school in Patel Nagar is the first step in ensuring your child gets the right start. Let's explore the significance of play schools and why gd goenka patel nagar is the ideal choice for your child's early education journey.
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- Nov 2023
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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you can see how powerful it was when my kid my oldest son was about 14 00:17:05 or 12 months I can't remember um he woke up he woke up at 4 in the morning every morning and I played with him till 10:00 a.m. when I left uh and I remember thinking one day you know I know him better than I've ever known 00:17:18 anybody and he's known me better than anybody's known me because I was so emotionally open and play and no words had crossed between us cuz he couldn't yet talk and yet there was a a deep bond 00:17:30 between us
- for: importance of play
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- Sep 2023
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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03:00 Ali changes locations, work as play (also see flow, Rian Doris)
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- Aug 2023
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www.edge.org www.edge.org
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The story that they are telling is of a grand transition that occurred about fifty thousand years ago, when the driving force of evolution changed from biology to culture, and the direction changed from diversification to unification of species. The understanding of this story can perhaps help us to deal more wisely with our responsibilities as stewards of our planet.
- for: cumulative cultural evolution, speed of cultural evolution
- paraphrase
- The story that they are telling
- is of a grand transition that occurred about fifty thousand years ago,
- when the driving force of evolution changed
- from biology
- to culture,
- and the direction changed
- from diversification
- to unification of species.
- The understanding of this story can perhaps help us to deal more wisely with our responsibilities as stewards of our planet.
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- Jul 2023
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davidkorten.org davidkorten.org
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The consequences of our current choices bear not juston us. They bear on the continued evolutionary unfoldingof life in the universe. This marks the scale of our currentresponsibility
- for: human impacts, MET, major evolutionary transition, progress trap, human responsibility to life, CCE, cumulative cultural evolution, playing God
- comment
- Very true, in fact our species is in the unprecedented position that
- human activity, and specifically our cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) now determines the biological / genetic evolutionary future not only of our own species, but of all life on earth.
- In other words, of evolution itself! -This is an awkward position as we have nowhere near the wisdom to play God and determine the future direction of evolution!
- References
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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walking bass, ching-a-ding, oom-pah
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- Jun 2023
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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a saxophonist may decide to double orhalve the tempo
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A pianist may use stride
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- Mar 2023
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www.insidehighered.com www.insidehighered.com
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It does not feel patriotic to have my students pay money for public-domain literature on their American heritage.”
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venkatesh-rao.gitbook.io venkatesh-rao.gitbook.io
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Good protocols learn, grow, and mature in ways that catalyze thoughtful stewardship and sustained generativity.
Very important! Need room for growth.
Also aligns with the continuation desire of play (properties of play) and tendency to change the rules when it becomes too stressful or boring (in the flow channel)
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built around default expectations of obviously worse outcomes dominating obviously better ones, and worst-case behaviors driving systemic outcomes.
this feels immediately like it might hold some water, not sure if because it's similar to entropy or because of... Not sure whether to trust feelings of agreement This is an interesting statement to me. Perhaps it's because it seems to bridge between catastrophising (which is arguable pathological), and risk management (which acknowledges there is infinite down side and limited upside) Also wonder how trust factors into this and context?
Concern here is: using emotion to get logical buy in, which is fair, but worth knowing that this is a feels like not an is
Wonder if this might also relate to play and the 3Cs
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- Feb 2023
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forum.zettelkasten.de forum.zettelkasten.de
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Remember that life in a Zettelkasten is supposed to be fun. It is a joyful experience to work with it when it works back with you. Life in Zettelkasten is more like dance than a factory.
I've always disliked the idea of "work" involved in "making" notes and "processing" them. Framing zettelkasten and knowledge creation in terms of capitalism is a painful mistake.
the quote is from https://blay.se/2015-06-21-living-with-a-zettelkasten.html
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- Jan 2023
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thebaffler.com thebaffler.com
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To exercise one’s capacities to their fullest extent is to take pleasure in one’s own existence, and with sociable creatures, such pleasures are proportionally magnified when performed in company. From the Russian perspective, this does not need to be explained. It is simply what life is. We don’t have to explain why creatures desire to be alive. Life is an end in itself. And if what being alive actually consists of is having powers—to run, jump, fight, fly through the air—then surely the exercise of such powers as an end in itself does not have to be explained either. It’s just an extension of the same principle.
I'm not sure I like that Graeber waves away the question "why play?" here. I don't think there's an equivalency to the "why life?" question.
It will take some additional thinking to build something up to refute this idea however.
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Friedrich Schiller had already argued in 1795 that it was precisely in play that we find the origins of self-consciousness, and hence freedom, and hence morality. “Man plays only when he is in the full sense of the word a man,” Schiller wrote in his On the Aesthetic Education of Man, “and he is only wholly a Man when he is playing.”
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Kropotkin’s actual argument is far more interesting. Much of it, for instance, is concerned with how animal cooperation often has nothing to do with survival or reproduction, but is a form of pleasure in itself. “To take flight in flocks merely for pleasure is quite common among all sorts of birds,” he writes. Kropotkin multiplies examples of social play: pairs of vultures wheeling about for their own entertainment, hares so keen to box with other species that they occasionally (and unwisely) approach foxes, flocks of birds performing military-style maneuvers, bands of squirrels coming together for wrestling and similar games
Perhaps play helps to provide social lubrication, communication, and bonding between animals which may help in creating cooperation which improves survival or reproduction?
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Why does the existence of action carried out for the sheer pleasure of acting, the exertion of powers for the sheer pleasure of exerting them, strike us as mysterious? What does it tell us about ourselves that we instinctively assume that it is?
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- Dec 2022
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Local file Local file
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The next two questions are where to play and how to win. These twochoices, which are tightly bound up with one another, form the very heart ofstrategy and are the two most critical questions in strategy formulation.
The two most important questions in strategy formulation are: where to play and how to win. They define the specific activities of the organisation.
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- Nov 2022
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community.interledger.org community.interledger.org
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not really about the content of the sessions. Or anything you take from it. The most important thing are the relationships, the connections you gain from sharing the things you're passionate about with the people who are interested in it, the momentum you build from working on your project in preparation for a session
I somewhat disagree - I think this community building is successful precisely because there is a shared interest or goal. It goes hand in hand. If there is no connecting theme or goal, the groups fall apart.
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- Oct 2022
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William Petty, a doctor in Cromwell’s army in 1647, noted that ‘...we seechildren do delight in drums, pipes, fiddles, guns made of elder sticks, andbellowes noses, piped keys, etc., painting flags and ensigns with elder-berriesand corn poppy, making ships with paper, and setting even nut-shells aswimming, handling the tools of workmen as soon as they turn their backs, andtrying to work themselves’ (reported in the Harleian Miscellany, 1810).
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Elizabeth I’s tutor, Roger Ascham (1515–68), promotedlearning-by-doing in The Scholemaster: ‘Bring not up your children in learningby compulsion and feare,’ he said, ‘but by playing and pleasure.’
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‘Now, all this study of reckoning and geometry...must be presented to them while still young, not inthe form of compulsory instruction.’ ‘Why so?’ ‘Because,’ said I, ‘a free soul ought not to pursueany study slavishly; for while bodily labours performed under constraint do not harm the body,nothing that is learned under compulsion stays with the mind.’ ‘True,’ he said. ‘Do not, then, myfriend, keep children to their studies by compulsion but by play.’The Republic, 536d–e; 537a
Apparently one couldn't ever force children to learn anything...
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read.aupress.ca read.aupress.ca
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The freedom to play with ideas, and to explore new ways of thinking, critiquing, deploying, and analyzing ed tech provided by metaphors, is much needed if we are to develop a better appreciation of its possibilities, implications, and limitations.
"Playful" activity as inherently "free" and actively necessary - compare to earlier sentence about whether that's "appropriate in the formal requirements" of a job.
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Local file Local file
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I do not want toacquire any technique of work that would limit the play offancy.
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- Aug 2022
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y07l5AsWEUs
I really love something about the phrase "get them [ideas] into a form that students can work with them". There's a nice idea of play and coming to an understanding that I get from it. More teachers should frame their work like this.
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- Jun 2022
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www.themarginalian.org www.themarginalian.org
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There is, of course, a certain connection between those elements and relevant logical concepts. It is also clear that the desire to arrive finally at logically connected concepts is the emotional basis of this rather vague play with the above-mentioned elements. But taken from a psychological viewpoint, this combinatory play seems to be the essential feature in productive thought — before there is any connection with logical construction in words or other kinds of signs which can be communicated to others.
==combinatory play seems to be the essential feature in productive thought==<br /> —Albert Einstein in a 1945 response to Jacques Hadamard's survey of famous scientists' mental processes which was published in An Essay on the Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field.
Hadamard's essay was inspired by Henri Poincaré's The Foundations of Science.
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- May 2022
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archive.org archive.org
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AGAMEMNON
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- Feb 2022
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Local file Local file
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his suggests that successful problem solvingmay be a function of flexible strategy application in relation to taskdemands.” (Vartanian 2009, 57)
Successful problem solving requires having the ability to adaptively and flexibly focus one's attention with respect to the demands of the work. Having a toolbelt of potential methods and combinatorially working through them can be incredibly helpful and we too often forget to explicitly think about doing or how to do that.
This is particularly important in mathematics where students forget to look over at their toolbox of methods. What are the different means of proof? Some mathematicians will use direct proof during the day and indirect forms of proof at night. Look for examples and counter-examples. Why not look at a problem from disparate areas of mathematical thought? If topology isn't revealing any results, why not look at an algebraic or combinatoric approach?
How can you put a problem into a different context and leverage that to your benefit?
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- Oct 2021
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99percentinvisible.org 99percentinvisible.org
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Specifically, Froebel wanted children to play with educational toys, which was a fairly unusual notion in the early 1800s.
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www.wildermyth.com www.wildermyth.com
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gorogoa.com gorogoa.comGorogoa1
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- Sep 2021
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https://fs.blog/2021/07/mathematicians-lament/
What if we taught art and music the way we do mathematics? All theory and drudgery without any excitement or exploration?
What textbooks out there take math from the perspective of exploration?
- Inventional geometry does
Certainly Gauss, Euler, and other "greats" explored mathematics this way? Why shouldn't we?
This same problem of teaching math is also one we ignore when it comes to things like note taking, commonplacing, and even memory, but even there we don't even delve into the theory at all.
How can we better reframe mathematics education?
I can see creating an analogy that equates math with art and music. Perhaps something like Arthur Eddington's quote:
Suppose that we were asked to arrange the following in two categories–
distance, mass, electric force, entropy, beauty, melody.
I think there are the strongest grounds for placing entropy alongside beauty and melody and not with the first three. —Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, OM, FRS (1882-1944), a British astronomer, physicist, and mathematician in The Nature of the Physical World, 1927
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- Jul 2021
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www.scotthyoung.com www.scotthyoung.com
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Play may trump problem solving. When working on a problem without a specific goal, the student can try lots of things to figure out what works. In contrast, only one answer is needed to solve a problem with a single goal. A playful, exploratory mindset may map out the patterns of interactions better than a narrowly, solution-oriented perspective. As an example of this, Sweller asked students to solve some math problems. One group was asked to solve the problems for a particular variable, and the other group was asked to solve for as many variables as they could. The latter group did better later, which Sweller explained in terms of cognitive load.4
exploratory play >> problem solving
How does this compare to the creativity experience of naming white things in general versus naming white things in a refrigerator? The first is often harder for people, while the second is usually much easier.
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- May 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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O’Keeffe, C., & McNally, S. (2020). Perspectives of early childhood teachers in Ireland on the role of play during the pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q74e9
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- Mar 2021
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DiYanni, C. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on the Play of 3- to 10-year-old Children. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mzasw
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www.kickstarter.com www.kickstarter.com
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Try before you buy Here's a link to the game on Tabletopia: Judean Hammer on Tabletopia
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www.kickstarter.com www.kickstarter.com
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If you want to try playing to see how these pieces work in the game, you can playtest it on the Iishogi.org site (https://lishogi.org/). Last year the Iishogi designer asked me to register the Design SHOGI pieces on their site. This Iishogi.org is a free to play Shogi website. I was willing to give them permission to use them. You are free to play and switch pieces design from the piece variation section. If you register your ID, then you can play vs the A.I. easily. You can learn how the Design SHOGI pieces work there.
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medium.com medium.com
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Rabbit, Rabbit. ‘A Game Designer’s Analysis Of QAnon’. Medium, 11 January 2021. https://medium.com/curiouserinstitute/a-game-designers-analysis-of-qanon-580972548be5.
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- Feb 2021
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boardgamegeek.com boardgamegeek.com
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boardgamegeek.com boardgamegeek.comMaquis1
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www.kickstarter.com www.kickstarter.comDEFCON 11
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The author will offer presentation/game sessions on Tabletopia, in French and English. In addition, the game will be freely available for players on Tabletopia as soon as the written rules are available.
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18xx.games 18xx.games
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- Nov 2020
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tabletopia.com tabletopia.com
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Stienwandt, S., Cameron, E. E., Soderstrom, M., Casar, M. J., Le, C., & Roos, L. E. (2020). Keeping Kids Busy: Family Factors Associated with Hands-on Play and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/prtyf
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- Jun 2020
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www.alljapaneseallthetime.com www.alljapaneseallthetime.com
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Anyway! Your only responsibility is to do stuff that’s actually in Japanese; the remainder of the responsibility rests entirely with the Japanese stuff — media — itself. The media has a responsibility to entertain you. You don’t have to find the value in it; it has to demonstrate its value to you by being so much fun that you don’t notice time going by — by sucking you in. It has to make you wish that eating and sleep and bodily hygiene could take care of themselves because they cut into your media time. And if it doesn’t do that or it stops doing that, then you “fire” it by changing to something else. You are the boss and there are no labor laws. Fire the mother. You do the work of setting up and showing up to the environment, but after that the environment must work for you.
This strategy reminds me of Niklas Luhmann who allegedly said that he never did anything that he didn't feel like doing.
This is like following your curiosity 100% and it goes against a lot of the other advice out there e.g. like sitting down every day and writing.
This also reminds me of this idea of starting as many books as possible. Drop them when they're no longer interesting to you.
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DO NOT, DO NOT, DO NOT turn Japanese into work. Don’t turn it into “study”; don’t turn it into 勉強 (a word that refers to scholastic study in Japanese, but actually carries the rather negative meaning of “coercion” in Chinese). Just play at it. PLAY. That’s why I keep telling people: don’t make all these rules about what is and is not OK for you to do in Japanese, or how Gokusen is over-coloured by the argot of juvenile delinquents or watching Love Hina will make you talk like a girl — it doesn’t matter, you need to learn all that vocabulary in order to truly be proficient in Japanese anyway, so whatever you watch is fine — as long as you’re enjoying it right now. Write this on your liver: just because anything is OK to watch in Japanese, that doesn’t mean that everything is worth watching…to you that is. One person’s Star Trek is another person’s…well, I can’t imagine how any human being could fail to love Star Trek, but you get the idea.
If you want to learn something, make sure that you keep it in the realm of play. If you make it work, you will kill it.
This reminds me of Mark Sisson talking about incorporating play.
This also reminds me of the concept of Flow.
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- May 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Graber, K., Byrne, E. M., Goodacre, E. J., Kirby, N., Kulkarni, K., O’Farrelly, C., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2020). A rapid review of the impact of quarantine and restricted environments on children’s play and health outcomes [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p6qxt
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- Dec 2019
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hypothes.is hypothes.is
- Apr 2019
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www.brainpickings.org www.brainpickings.org
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Despite the well-documented effects of anger, fear, and anxiety on the ability to reason, many programs continue to ignore the need to engage the safety system of the brain before trying to promote new ways of thinking. The last things that should be cut from school schedules are chorus, physical education, recess, and anything else involving movement, play, and joyful engagement. When children are oppositional, defensive, numbed out, or enraged, it’s also important to recognize that such “bad behavior” may repeat action patterns that were established to survive serious threats, even if they are intensely upsetting or off-putting.
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- Mar 2019
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Nine alternatives to lecturing This page briefly describes nine ways to teach other than lecture. Some of these are common, such as case study; others, such as a pro and con grid, are explained less often. This page, like the others I have bookmarked, is oriented toward teaching college students and adults.
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- Feb 2019
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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path
I understand that the little boy taught his self but I think he should still have some fun or playtime with kids outside.
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- Jan 2019
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criticaldigitalpedagogy.pressbooks.com criticaldigitalpedagogy.pressbooks.com
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play
I think the verb "play" is important, and it's a word that carries its own pedagogy. For one, play suggests freedom from evaluation. And two, play is unstructured; it meanders, drops off, becomes something else entirely. I'm curious what tools others have used that fit this (or other) descriptions of play. I think of Flipgrid, the video discussion platform, though even the play that occurs within its fields is circumscribed and preproduced by its limitations. Then again, limitations aren't inherently problematic. They can condense and sharpen, invite people to reimagine and remix.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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For Fasting and Football, a Dedicated Game Plan
We're at it again friends. This time, as you annotate, concentrate on the moves you see--even if you can't name them--and how they work to produce an effect on you the reader.
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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I would argue that this mixture of play, game, and purpose was the characteristic product (if not always the avowed purpose) of the rhetorical, as against the philosophical, paideia.
Jenga!!
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- Dec 2018
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www.9stacks.com www.9stacks.com
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play poker
Play free poker online with the most variant of poker for fun. You can also enjoy the poker game with your family by playing free poker in a private table. Join 9stacks and enjoy the benefits of best offers and promotion on the largest tournament of poker than anywhere else.
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- Oct 2018
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www.rc.umd.edu www.rc.umd.edu
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The test runs also suggested two other useful ways in which to explore the tool's design possibilities: first, to deploy IVANHOE as both a pedagogical and a scholarly research tool; second, to launch its functions in a born-digital database of materials. IVANHOE's interpretational capacities were conceived to have wide range and flexibility across every sort of informational material in the humanities and the social sciences
Note emphasis on empirical language: they ran "tests" or "experiments" based on hunches and the desire to test out the technology's limits and blind spots. Emphasis on collective investigation, iterative exploration.
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- Sep 2018
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psychcentral.com psychcentral.com
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How to PlayWe don’t need to play every second of the day to enjoy play’s benefits. In his book, Brown calls play a catalyst. A little bit of play, he writes, can go a long way toward boosting our productivity and happiness. So how can you add play into your life? Here are a few tips from the experts:Change how you think about play. Remember that play is important for all aspects of our lives, including creativity and relationships. Give yourself permission to play every day. For instance, play can mean talking to your dog. “I[‘d] ask my dog Charlie, regularly, his opinion of the presidential candidates. He respond[ed] with a lifted ear and an upturning vocalization that goes ‘haruum?’” Eberle said.Play can be reading aloud to your partner, he said. “Some playful writers are made to be read aloud: Dylan Thomas, Art Buchwald, Carl Hiaasen, S.J. Perelman, Richard Feynman, Frank McCourt.”Take a play history. In his book Brown includes a primer to help readers reconnect with play. He suggests readers mine their past for play memories. What did you do as a child that excited you? Did you engage in those activities alone or with others? Or both? How can you recreate that today?Surround yourself with playful people. Both Brown and White stressed the importance of selecting friends who are playful – and of playing with your loved ones.Play with little ones. Playing with kids helps us experience the magic of play through their perspective. White and Brown both talked about playing around with their grandkids.Any time you think play is a waste, remember that it offers some serious benefits for both you and others. As Brown says in his book, “Play is the purest expression of love.”
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Brown called play a “state of being,” “purposeless, fun and pleasurable.” For the most part, the focus is on the actual experience, not on accomplishing a goal, he said.
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- Sep 2017
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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play.google.com play.google.com
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- Mar 2017
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tachesdesens.blogspot.com tachesdesens.blogspot.com
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I have indeed succeeded in my ambition, I even referred to Mr Benn in a conference I did in Plymouth in 2011 entitled "In Search of Nomad's Land".
vulnerability storytelling child/adult Historical Body Discourses
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- Feb 2017
- Sep 2016
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www.psychologytoday.com www.psychologytoday.com
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young people teach themselves through play and exploration and then, when ready to do so, begin naturally to put what they have learned to purposes that benefit the group as a whole.
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- Jun 2016
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pahsit.com pahsit.com
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I Annotate 2016 Presentation
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dogtrax.edublogs.org dogtrax.edublogs.org
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What you get is a mess.
OR A MAZE?
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us1.campaign-archive1.com us1.campaign-archive1.com
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You feel like you're engaged in enjoyable play when your thinking has the right level of ambiguity and uncertainty FOR YOU
Play is haptic. It has a feel. And that feel is very idiosyncratic (and not customizable).
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- Mar 2016
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www.dailymail.co.uk www.dailymail.co.uk
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Minecraft can discourage imagination in children.
Key word here, I imagine, is "can." It probably all depends on how the time on Minecraft is structured, and I worry that I haven't done this well enough for my students.
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parents
Parents need to give children "structured" play time and more "free time." Granted, but what do the structures look like and don't we need to do the same in school for youth of all ages? We need play AND we need to think about how to structure this play.
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- Nov 2015
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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When we adults unite play, love, and work in our lives, we set an example that our children can follow. That just might be the best way to bring play back into the lives of our children—and build a more playful culture.
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Finally children do as we do, not as we say. That gives us incentive to bring play back into our adult lives. We can shut off the TVs and take our children with us on outdoor adventures. We should get less exercise in the gym and more on hiking trails and basketball courts. We can also make work more playful: Businesses that do this are among the most successful. Seattle’s Pike Fish Market is a case in point. Workers throw fish to one another, engage the customers in repartee, and appear to have a grand time. Some companies, such as Google, have made play an important part of their corporate culture. Study after study has shown that when workers enjoy what they do and are well-rewarded and recognized for their contributions, they like and respect their employers and produce higher quality work. For example, when the Rohm and Hass Chemical company in Kentucky reorganized its workplace into self- regulating and self-rewarding teams, one study found that worker grievances and turnover declined, while plant safety and productivity improved.
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As adults have increasingly thwarted self-initiated play and games, we have lost important markers of the stages in a child’s development. In the absence of such markers, it is difficult to determine what is appropriate and not appropriate for children. We run the risk of pushing them into certain activities before they are ready, or stunting the development of important intellectual, social, or emotional skills. For example, it is only after the age of six or seven that children will spontaneously participate in games with rules, because it is only at that age that they are fully able to understand and follow rules.
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The results showed no advantage in reading and math achievement for children attending the academic preschools. But there was evidence that those children had higher levels of test anxiety, were less creative, and had more negative attitudes toward school than did the children attending the play preschools.
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elementary school children become increasingly inattentive in class when recess is delayed. Similarly, studies conducted in French and Canadian elementary schools over a period of four years found that regular physical activity had positive effects on academic performance. Spending one third of the school day in physical education, art, and music improved not only physical fitness, but attitudes toward learning and test scores. These findings echo those from one analysis of 200 studies on the effects of exercise on cognitive functioning, which also suggests that physical activity promotes learning.
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sociodramatic play, where two or more children participate in shared make believe, demonstrate the value of this play for academic, social, and emotional learning. “Sociodramatic play activates resources that stimulate social and intellectual growth in the child, which in turn affects the child’s success in school,” concludes Smilansky in a 1990 study that compared American and Israeli children. “For example, problem solving in most school subjects requires a great deal of make believe, visualizing how the Eskimos live, reading stories, imagining a story and writing it down, solving arithmetic problems, and determining what will come next.”
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found that children who received an enriched, play-oriented parenting and early childhood program had significantly higher IQ’s at age five than did a comparable group of children who were not in the program (105 vs. 85 points).
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In infancy and early childhood, play is the activity through which children learn to recognize colors and shapes, tastes and sounds—the very building blocks of reality. Play also provides pathways to love and social connection. Elementary school children use play to learn mutual respect, friendship, cooperation, and competition. For adolescents, play is a means of exploring possible identities, as well as a way to blow off steam and stay fit. Even adults have the potential to unite play, love, and work, attaining the dynamic, joyful state that psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi calls “flow.”
Tags
- family
- child development
- intelligence
- games
- development
- play
- social
- exercise
- happiness
- social networks
- learning
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