https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_poverty

Desmond, Matthew. Poverty, by America. 1st ed. New York: Crown, 2023. https://amzn.to/40Aqzlp

Annotation URL: urn:x-pdf:eefd847a2a1723651d1d863de5153292

Alternate annotation link: https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?user=chrisaldrich&max=100&exactTagSearch=true&expanded=true&url=urn%3Ax-pdf%3Aeefd847a2a1723651d1d863de5153292

A candy engineer explains the science behind the Snickers bar by [[Richard Hartel]] for [[The Conversation]]

How to get round the idea of processing which is a stumbling block for fun?

processed notes are akin to the amount of nutritive value in processed food...

1:23:30 How can a neighbourhood become a local food PRODUCER evolving into a PROSUMER

1:06:53 The true constraints are the resources that are available (and if those resources will co-create together for the good of the WHOLE).

for - Food for Climate League - food - climate change - climate crisis - food system

Johnson Su We are planning to use Johnson Su technologies to restore soil as a regenerative being GIen Ương & Food Production Process Gien knows about a food product system that has a massive output

in China haben die Folgen von Extremwetterereignissen, vor allem Überflutungen, im Juli.zu Schäden von 10 Milliarden USD geführt. Die durch Ernteschäden gestiegenen Lebensmittelpreise erschweren die Politik der Parteiführung, durch Ankurbeln des Konsums das Wachstum zu beschleunigen. Hintergrundbericht über Folgen der Erhitzung für Lebensmittelversorgung, Wasser-Management und Infrastruktur. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/02/world/asia/china-rainfall-crops.html

GLP-1 as idea for the Wolf/Bear cross in my Fiction Worldbuilding...

Makes creatures more resilient to food scarcity (might even be useful for the scarcity in summer due to fire rains).

( ~4:55)

naturally this presumes that the author has some experience which can actually come through a recipe, many of which have become commoditized in a corporate way (think cook books full of recipes which were not fully or never tested).

remember this rhetorical nod to "flourishing" (which we'll revisit in earnest in the 2nd or 3rd last week of the semester...)

for - food - climate change - Food for Climate League - Lisa Feldman - Food for Climate League - Project Drawdown interview

remember this rhetorical nod to "flourishing" (which we'll revisit in earnest in the 2nd or 3rd last week of the semester...)

remember this rhetorical nod to "flourishing" (which we'll revisit in earnest in the 2nd or 3rd last week of the semester...)

for - food system transition - 2022 paper - 6 case studies

Summary - This paper gives a good complexity-based framework for characterising for system transition - It could be useful for facilitation of participatory community futures workshops - such as Stop Reset Go workshops

for - stats - table of 12 plants and 5 animal species that make up 75% of the world's food (FAO)

from - Swiss RE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BES) index report - https://hyp.is/Jqw9MlWpEe-DhnehMbtbjA/www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:a7fe3dca-c4d6-403b-961c-9fab1b2f0455/swiss-re-institute-expertise-publication-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services.pdf

for - stats - table of 12 plants and 5 animal species that make up 75% of the world's food (FAO)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixtamalization

for - food waste

for - urban agriculture - 2024 study - 6x carbon footprint as conventional agriculture

summary - The results are not surprising. It is the infrastructure used to build the urban agriculture system that has the greatest carbon footprint - This can be lowered dramatically by - having longer lasting UA projects - having larger scale projects - reusing urban demolition waste materials to build UA systems

from - search - Google - 2024 percentage of carbon emissions from food system - https://www.google.com/search?q=2024+percentage+of+carbon+emissions+from+food+system&sca_esv=9d5b952a18faf0f8&sxsrf=ADLYWIIlye-Qwjiqr8aEdCoiJshs-88Yqw%3A1720874425938&ei=uXWSZvvuOMjXhbIP-YeX6Aw&ved=0ahUKEwi7r_HmhKSHAxXIa0EAHfnDBc0Q4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=2024+percentage+of+carbon+emissions+from+food+system&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiNDIwMjQgcGVyY2VudGFnZSBvZiBjYXJib24gZW1pc3Npb25zIGZyb20gZm9vZCBzeXN0ZW0yChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEdI3A5QmwhYpA1wAXgBkAEAmAGUA6AB6QiqAQUzLTIuMbgBA8gBAPgBAZgCAaACBJgDAIgGAZAGCJIHATGgB6IR&sclient=gws-wiz-serp - search results returned of interest - Food from urban agriculture has carbon footprint 6 times - A new study finds that fruits and vegetables grown in urban farms and gardens have a carbon footprint that is, on average, six times greater . - https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240122140408.htm

To know everything there is to know about oneself (the food) because he does not adopt the non-paradoxical constraints that one uses to define identity. He defies expectations of knowing so much about foods, cheeses and wines -- more than the Italians who have been doing this forever, because he does not stick to custom, to traditional views of identity.

Want to grow your food delivery business quickly? Then get in touch with Quickworks and integrate our best food delivery app solution to automate the process and enhance work productivity to improve your business operations. For more information, you can visit our website or call us at +1 (512) 872 3364.

for - progress trap - food - artificial sweetener - xylitol - erythritol

progress trap - food - artificial sweetener - xylitol - erythritol Abstract - Low-calorie sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes in processed foods with presumed health benefits. - Many low-calorie sweeteners are - sugar alcohols that also - are produced endogenously, - albeit at levels - over 1000-fold lower than observed following - consumption as a sugar substitute.

conclusion - Xylitol is associated with incident MACE risk. - Moreover, xylitol both - enhanced platelet reactivity and - thrombosis potential in vivo. - Further studies examining the cardiovascular safety of xylitol are warranted.

for - progress trap - food - artificial sweetener - xylitol - erythritol

progress trap - food - artificial sweetener - xylitol - erythritol - Low-calorie sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes in processed foods with presumed health benefits. - Many low-calorie sweeteners are - sugar alcohols that also - are produced endogenously, - albeit at levels - over 1000-fold lower than observed following - consumption as a sugar substitute.

Seit 1970 ist der Bestand an Fischen, die zu wandernde Arten gehören, um 80% gesunken, wie ein neuer Bericht zur Aktualisierung des Living Planet Index zeigt. Verantwortlich ist vor allem die Zerstörung von Fluss- und anderen Wasserökosystemen durch Staudämme, Bergwerke und Schadstoffe. Der Populationsrückgang ist weltweit am deutlichsten ist der in Südamerika und der Karibik. Ein Viertel der Süßwasser Fischarten ist vom Aussterben bedroht.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/21/living-planet-index-migratory-freshwater-fish-populations-decline-dams-weirs-mining-water-abstraction-pollution-threat-aoe

for - sustainable food system - food preservation - canning - pickling - pantry

for - definition - food literacy

definition - food literacy - being informed about our food choices and encourage us to ask questions that help us make healthier decisions for ourselves, family and planet

for - climate change solutions - food system - zero waste restaurants

Pasadena Claims To Be The Home Of The Cheeseburger — But There’s Beef by [[Hadley Meares]]

the Aristocratic Hamburger!

quoted section from:

St Augustine, Letters, trans. by Wilfrid Parsons, 5 vols. (Baltimore, MD: Catholic University of America Press, 1956), V, Letter 211, ‘To a Convent of Consecrated Virgins’, p. 43.

for - Linked In discussion - harm caused by neoliberalism on food system

for - healthy eating - Dr. William Li - nutrition - healthy food - inflammation - angiogenesis

summary - A good interview about human health and healthy diet. William Li begins by talking about angiogenesis as a key aspect of human health - and how pathology of angiogenesis is at the root of many major diseases. - The interviewer then asks Dr. Li about the connection between another keystone disease, and angiogenesis. - Dr. Li then describes some healthy foods and good dietary practices including extra virgin olive oil.

adjacency - between - angiogenesis - inflammation - Micheal Levine's work - evolutionary biology - adjacency statement - they all seem related, as evolutionary biology has created legacy subsystems within the human body

for - William Li - personal philosophy - healthy food strategy - begin by asking about favorite foods

personal philosophy - William Li - what food do you eat that already brings you joy? - find out which ones are healthy - show them it's not heavy lifting

for - adjacency - food - angiogenesis - cancer

for - stats - Africa - food insecurity - adjancency - food colonialism - food insecurity - food dependency

stats - food insecurity - 20 plant species make up 90% of food consumed in Africa - 3 crops introduced by the Green Revolution make up 60% of all calories consumed - wheat - maize - rice

• African countries have become reliant on a few food items.

• Just 20 plant species now provide 90% of our food, with three

  • wheat,
  • maize and
  • rice

accounting for 60% of all calories consumed on the continent and globally.

• This deprives the continent of diverse food sources,

at the very time when research has found

massive food and nutrition insecurity in Africa.

• By 2020, about 20% of the continent’s population (281.6 million) faced hunger.
• This figure is likely to have increased,
  • given the impacts of successive droughts, floods and COVID-19.

Yet historically, Africa had

- 30,000 edible plant species, and 
- 7,000 were traditionally cultivated or foraged for food.

The continent is a treasure trove of agrobiodiversity (a diversity of types of crops and animals) and

• its countries could easily feed themselves.

for - climate crisis - food production impacts - stats - high emissions scenario -food production

stats - high emissions scenario - over 30% of food crop production and animal production impacted - mostly around equator

from - Linked In - https://hyp.is/umZ5yrMLEe6Y4W-fLtvt_w/www.linkedin.com/posts/thaliacoaching_the-foods-the-world-will-lose-to-climate-activity-7151258292344803329-23m8/

to - https://www.wired.com/story/the-foods-the-world-will-lose-to-climate-change/ for - climate crisis - food production impact

This is quite similar to the advice by Sonke Ehrens and Nikolas Luhmann.

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0163936/

字與音的互染

最初：燒雞卷（卷，名詞，管子，因像雞脖子）

The evolution is like the Telephone game, also known as "Chinese whispers" 電話遊戲，又稱中國話耳語

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tomaine

I recall hearing ptomaine used in an Abbott and Costello bit with the connotation of foot poisoning. Charlie Chaplin also portrayed Adenoid Hynkel, Dictator of Tomania, in the picture The Great Dictator (1940).

The implication of the country name Tomania outside of the "mania" meaning may be lost on audiences today.

Lou Costello: Now look, Mr. Fields, don't get mad. Now, you can bring your kids to the party, and they can eat anything they want. They can have plenty of food. They can eat anything they want.<br /> Sid Fields: Sure, I can have my kids eat first, huh? Then if that broken-down, bad food you got doesn't give my kids ptomaine, then the other people will eat it, huh? You're gonna use my kids for guinea pigs. Say it! My kids are guinea pigs!<br /> Lou Costello: Mr. Fields, your kids are not guinea pigs.<br /> Sid Fields: Oh, they're just plain pigs?

The Abbott and Costello Show, S1.E5 "The Birthday Party", Episode aired Jan 2, 1953, Running time: 00:27:00 <br /> (emphasis added)

—epilepticrabbit @epilepticrabbit@social.coop on Nov 09, 2023, 11:51 at https://mastodon.social/@epilepticrabbit@social.coop/111382329524902140

all these attacks on poor people are just symptoms of pacifism and overpopulation.<br /> pacifism has only replaced serial murder with hidden warfare. what a stupid waste of energy...

Ökologische und gesundheitliche Folgeschäden des aktuellen Landwirtschafts- und Ernährungssystems kosten in Deutschland jährlich 7%, global 10% des Bruttosozialprodukts (10 Billionen Dollar). Die Zahlen stammen aus einem neuen Bericht der FAO. https://taz.de/Neue-Studie-von-UN-Organisation/!5968357/

Studie: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc7724en

A nice encapsulation of evolutionary challenges that humans are facing.

Die COP28 wird sich als erste dieser Konferenzen überhaupt ausführlich mit der Rolle des Food Systems und vor allem der Milch- und Fleischwirtschaft für die Treibhausgasemissionen beschäftigen. Campaigner wollen vor allem hervorheben, wie katastrophal die westliche Ernährungsweise für das Klimasystem ist. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/20/impact-farming-climate-crisis-key-cop-topic-finally

via César A. Hidalgo at https://twitter.com/cesifoti/status/1715367744776908830

I learned that science and cooking is always connected. Even if we don't think about it in every day life like when water evaporates or freezes it is chemistry. But what I found most interesting that I learned is how water immobilization works, or to put it more simply the science behind Jell-O. When you add gelatin to water it traps the water molecules in place which creates the sort of liquid and solid hybrid we find with Jell-O.

• for: question - unencloseable carriers

• question: unencloseable carriers

  • what can they do for food supply system?
  • they can allow consumers to invent an incentive structure based on healthy nutritious food

• for: regenerative food - certification, JOOLES, JustOne Organics Living Economy System, Holochain - food supply chain certification

• for: food supply chain transparency - unecloseable carrier

• for: big ag, big food, grocery store bias - big ag, big ag - slotting fees

• for: big ag, smallholding farmers, democratic agriculture, democratizing agriculture, democratizing farming

Die Trockenheit im Mittelmeerraum gefährdet im zweiten Jahr in Folge die Versorgung Europas mit Olivenöl. Öl wird aus Südamerika importiert, da es in Europa kaum mehr erhältlich ist. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/28/europes-local-olive-oil-supply-runs-almost-dry-after-summer-of-extreme-weather

Infografik: https://interactive.guim.co.uk/uploader/embed/2023/09/oliveoil-zip/giv-13425iUTniY31bTug/Olive_Oil-inArticle_620.png

Trockenheit und Hitze könnten dazu führen dass die Olivenöl Ernte in diesem Jahr um 600 Millionen Tonnen, das sind etwa 30%, geringer ausfällt als im Durchschnitt der letzten Jahre. Besonders betroffen sind Spanien und einige Regionen Griechenlands. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2023/09/19/news/cambiamenti_climatici_produzione_olio-414581953/

Bei der Mehrheit der großen Konzerne des Food- und Restaurantsektors steigen die Emissionen obwohl diese Firmen sich zur Dekarbonisierung verpflichtet haben. Diese Ziele lassen sich aber nicht mit den Wachstumsstrategien der Unternehmen vereinbar machen. Dabei ist die Emissionsintensität der Fleisch- und Weizenproduktion der wichtigste Faktor. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/22/business/food-companies-emissions-climate-pledges.html

https://view.connect.americanpublicmedia.org/?qs=4b67c96dd579939fd9bd844055699bdeee293f04ea187ba67ab514e63f678713545e6ea21a9e4e47a466c8f9761fcdcaca521185a236c4d2f7d5d63af6400dc6b1e108d67d8d3c5a22f50f131947e1b7

Food cultures and restaurant changes can be a precursor indication of gentrification.

• for: futures - food production, futures - water production, desalination, ocean solar farm, floating solar farm, floating city
• title: An interfacial solar evaporation enabled autonomous double-layered vertical floating solar sea farm
• author: Pan Wu, Xuan We, Huimin Yu, Jingyuan Zhao, Yida Wang, Kewu Pi, Gary Owens, Haolan Xu
• date: Oct. 1, 2023
• source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894723041839?via%3Dihub#f0005
• comment
  • Since this simple design integrates fresh water and food production, it can be integrated as a module for a floating city.

Als Folgen der globalen Erhitzung und des beginnenden El Nińo werden in Südostasien gravierende Probleme bei der Nahrungsmittelversorgung befürchtet. Indien hat den Export fast alle Reissorten bereits untersagt. Die Regenfälle in Indien und Thailand waren in diesem Jahr deutlich zu schwach. Die Reiserträge sinken schon bei relativ kleinen Änderien der Temperaturen. Ausführliche Reportage im Guardian.

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/sep/07/major-disruptor-el-nino-threatens-the-worlds-rice-supplies

• for: climate change impacts - meat, carbon footprint - meat, leverage point - food, stats, stats - meat eating
• title:
• stats
  • 12% OF AMERICANS EAT HALF OF ALL BEEF CONSUMED IN A DAY
• date: Aug. 30, 2023
• source: https://www.futurity.org/beef-food-climate-change-2967702-2/
• cited paper: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/17/3795

• for: energy diet, energy fast, degrowth, agriculture emissions, food system emissions

Un-generalsekretär Guttered schlägt einen Climate Solidarity Pact und eine Acceleration Agenda vor, um die Pariser Ziele noch zu erreichen und bis 2030 die Emissionen um 45% zu senken

• food supply chain vulnerability
• most US cities would run out of food in 3 days if there was a major food supply chain disruption

Hitzewellen bedrohen durch ihre zunehmende Zahl und Intensität das globale Ernährungssystem. Der Guardian hat Experten zu den Folgen von Hitzewellen am Land und in den Ozeanen für die Ernährungssicherheit befragt. Hitzewellen haben dramatische Auswirkungen etwa auf die Erträge von Nutzpflanzen und auf Lebensbedingungen von Fischen. Die Folgen sind im Detail oft nur unzureichend erforscht. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/21/rampant-heatwaves-threaten-food-security-of-entire-planet-scientists-warn

Veränderungen des Jetstreams durch die globale Erhitzung können gleichzeitige Missernten in mehreren Regionen bewirken, die für die Weilternährung entscheidend sind. George Monbiot prangert die mangelnde mediale Aufmerksamkeit für eine Studie an, der zufolge das Risiko globaler Ernährungskrise weit größer ist als angenommen. Die politische Macht einer kleinen Gruppe extrem Reicher sei die Ursache für das dramatisch anwachsende Risiko weltweiter Hungerkatastrophen. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jul/15/food-systems-collapse-plutocrats-life-on-earth-climate-breakdowntopic: crop fail

Das Natonale Klima-Anpassungsprogramm, das die britische Regierung in der vergangenen Woche vorgelegt hat, ist nicht nur unzureichend, sondern es ignoriert die Folgen der globalen Erhitzung. Themen wie Kühlung der Innenstädte, Umbau von Gebäuden oder Waldaufbau zum Gewässerschutz werden nicht angegangen. Bill McGuire, emeritierter Professor für Klimafolgen in London, kritisiert die Ignoranz der britischen Regierung im Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jul/20/government-plan-britain-extreme-heat-society-economy

The system of rationing reached its extreme in the Nazi Lager. Nonetheless, Levi and many of his companions had already experienced the dilemmas of provisioning in the context of war and the violent repression enacted by the Salò Republic. This situation of scarcity and black market profiteering proved acute in the Valle d’Aosta to which Levi and his family had fled, along with many draft evaders and foreign Jews from the Balkans. When Levi joined his partisan comrades in the Col de Joux, they likewise experienced the challenges all partisans faced: how to safely secure supplies without alienating the local population or risking capture.

PB

Levi’s reference to the bowl is significant. The bowl was the most important possession of the concentration camp prisoner. No bowl, no food. If you lost your bowl or had it stolen, you either starved or stole somebody else’s bowl. At night in the barracks, you slept with your bowl safe in your hand or under your body.

The bowl is life.

CM

Subcamps of Auschwitz project

Levi explores the economy of cigarettes and smoking in the chapter of SQ entitled ‘Al di qua del bene e del male', where he explains that ‘Mahorca’, a low-quality tobacco, is officially distributed in the canteen in exchange for the coupons provided to the best worker, but because those coupons are distributed infrequently and inequitably, the tobacco is also sold unofficially in the Market, ‘in stretta obbedienza alle leggi dell’economia classica’, with the resulting booms and busts in price (OC I, 200-01). Because it can be exchanged for more food rations, newer clothing, and other vital necessities, ‘[f]ra i comuni Häftlinge, non sono molti quelli che ricercano di Mahorca per fumarlo personalmente; per lo più, esce dal campo, e finisce ai lavoratori civili della Buna’. That Deutsch is smoking during this work detail is thus a sign of his status and position within the camp.

CLL

Food is a fundamental aspect of war and captivity narratives. Cabbage and turnips become emblems of misery in Günter Grass’s Der Butt (The Flounder), Ernst Jünger’s In Stahlgewittern (In Storms of Steel), and Erich Maria Remarque’s Im Westen Nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front). In Levi, these vegetables symbolise the bleak reality of the Lager that makes any daydreaming futile.

GC

Food is a fundamental aspect of war and captivity narratives. Cabbage and turnips become emblems of misery in Günter Grass’s Der Butt (The Flounder), Ernst Jünger’s In Stahlgewittern (In Storms of Steel), and Erich Maria Remarque’s Im Westen Nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front). In Levi, these vegetables symbolise the bleak reality of the Lager that makes any daydreaming futile.

GC

Levi and Jean’s fleeting Dantean reprieve is abruptly halted by the return to the ‘sordid, ragged crowd of the soup queue’. Standing in contrast with Dante’s majestic verses and Ulysses’ voyage of discovery is the cramped enclosure of the queue and the banality of the description of the day’s cabbage-and-turnip soup. But the contrast is also between Levi’s own Italian language and sense of cultural identity and the Babelic experience of the Lager. Linguistic chaos is a key component of Levi’s experience and subsequent description of the camp, and one to which he was unusually attentive. Early on in his testimony (and once again, Dante is an important model here), Levi designates the camp a ‘perpetua Babele’. He evokes the linguistic confusion of the camp by including in his account unfamiliar tongues. We see this here in the soup queue but also, for example, in his recollection of the distribution of bread (‘la distribuzione del pane, del pane-Brot-Broit-chleb-pain-lechem-kenyer’) and in his description of the industrial tower in the camp (‘i suoi mattoni sono stati chiamati Ziegel, briques, tegula, cegli, kamenny, bricks, teglak’). Linguistic chaos contributes acutely to the condition of extreme isolation associated with the Lager.

Levi’s most sustained meditation on language in Auschwitz comes in the essay ‘Comunicare’, found in the 1986 collection I sommersi e i salvati. Here he reflects not only upon the extreme linguistic isolation of the camp and the psychological damage this often wrought, but also upon the degradation of language he witnessed. Violence and brute force would often replace linguistic exchange as the ‘communicative’ medium between individuals. Levi describes how, for those who did not speak German, words were used not on account of their referential function but as blunt aural instruments that could elicit the desired response from the receiver. The linguistic interaction between guards and prisoners became more reminiscent of that between humans and working animals than that between human beings existing on the same level.

TK

In this sentence we are encountering a barter of survival, biological survival versus the survival of memory. What matters most in this exceptional moment, a state of exception within the state of exception of the Lager, is not keeping one’s body alive but restoring life to a handful of verses. Can literature be against survival?

MAM

In the linguistic framework of the chapter, and in light of the Dantean subtext on which it relies, the figure of this non-speaking character is particularly meaningful since it evokes, as a foil, the character of Nimrod in Inferno 31. Dante introduces Nembrotte as the speaker of an unintelligible language, embodied in a single five-word enigmatic utterance: Raphèl maì amecche zabi almi (v. 67). Three elements seem pertinent to establish the contrastive connection. First, the position: both Nimrod and the ingegner Levi stand in a hole, visible only from the waist up. Secondly, the speaking: Virgil mocks Nimrod’s inability to move out of his own private, untranslatable language, while ingegner Levi ‘makes a gesture’ (‘mi fa un cenno’), entrusting to a non-verbal cue its expression of charitable and friendly connection with Primo. Finally, the restriction of what may be conveyed verbally: Nimrod does not speak intelligibly, while ingegner Levi ‘never speaks of eating’. The verb for “eating” (It. mangiare) is a particularly sensible one in the linguistic domain of the Lager, having been violently shifted in the semantics of the Lager from the human and communal ‘essen’ to the animal and isolating ‘fressen’. Ingegner Levi’s character in the episode reinforces the notion that a desire for communication is at the root of a human community, the exact opposite of ‘life as brutes’.

(Note: L’ingegner Levi appears twice earlier in SQ: first in ‘Il viaggio’ as the father of three-year old Emilia - ‘una bambina curiosa, ambiziosa, allegra e intelligente’ (OC I, 146) - murdered on arrival at Auschwitz; and then in ‘Sul fondo’, nervously asking Primo where his daughter and wife might be.)

SM

Levi wrote this chapter in early 1946, apparently during a brief 45-minute lunch break at the Montecatini chemical plant at Avigliana, outside Turin, where he was then working (e.g. OC I, 1469). It is interesting to note that the chapter tells the story of another 'lunch break', in another chemical--industrial plant, an unimaginably darker, distant workplace.

RG

Fossile Brennstoffe, umweltschädliche Landwirtschaft und Fischfang werden jährlich mit mindestens 7,25 Billionen Dollar subventioniert. Insgesamt fließen pro Minute 23 Millionen Dollar umweltschädliche Subventionen – 8% des Bruttosozialprodukts. Mit 577 Milliarden USD waren fossile Subventionen 2021 doppelt so hoch wie die für Erneuerbare und fast sechsmal so hoch wie die zugesagte Klimafinanzierung für den globalen Süden. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/15/vast-fossil-fuel-and-farming-subsidies-causing-environmental-havoc-world-bank

Bericht der Weltbank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange/publication/detox-development

The system of rationing reached its extreme in the Nazi Lager. Nonetheless, Levi and many of his companions had already experienced the dilemmas of provisioning in the context of war and the violent repression enacted by the Salò Republic. This situation of scarcity and black market profiteering proved acute in the Valle d’Aosta to which Levi and his family had fled, along with many draft evaders and foreign Jews from the Balkans. When Levi joined his partisan comrades in the Col de Joux, they likewise experienced the challenges all partisans faced: how to safely secure supplies without alienating the local population or risking capture.

PB

In the linguistic framework of the chapter, and in light of the Dantean subtext on which it relies, the figure of this non-speaking character is particularly meaningful since it evokes, as a foil, the character of Nimrod in Inferno 31. Dante introduces Nembrotte as the speaker of an unintelligible language, embodied in a single five-word enigmatic utterance: Raphèl maì amecche zabi almi (v. 67). Three elements seem pertinent to establish the contrastive connection. First, the position: both Nimrod and the ingegner Levi stand in a hole, visible only from the waist up. Secondly, the speaking: Virgil mocks Nimrod’s inability to move out of his own private, untranslatable language, while ingegner Levi ‘makes a gesture’ (‘mi fa un cenno’), entrusting to a non-verbal cue its expression of charitable and friendly connection with Primo. Finally, the restriction of what may be conveyed verbally: Nimrod does not speak intelligibly, while ingegner Levi ‘never speaks of eating’. The verb for “eating” (It. mangiare) is a particularly sensible one in the linguistic domain of the Lager, having been violently shifted in the semantics of the Lager from the human and communal ‘essen’ to the animal and isolating ‘fressen’. Ingegner Levi’s character in the episode reinforces the notion that a desire for communication is at the root of a human community, the exact opposite of ‘life as brutes’.

(Note: L’ingegner Levi appears twice earlier in SQ: first in ‘Il viaggio’ as the father of three-year old Emilia - ‘una bambina curiosa, ambiziosa, allegra e intelligente’ (OC I, 146) - murdered on arrival at Auschwitz; and then in ‘Sul fondo’, nervously asking Primo where his daughter and wife might be.)

SM

The system of rationing reached its extreme in the Nazi Lager. Nonetheless, Levi and many of his companions had already experienced the dilemmas of provisioning in the context of war and the violent repression enacted by the Salò Republic. This situation of scarcity and black market profiteering proved acute in the Valle d’Aosta to which Levi and his family had fled, along with many draft evaders and foreign Jews from the Balkans. When Levi joined his partisan comrades in the Col de Joux, they likewise experienced the challenges all partisans faced: how to safely secure supplies without alienating the local population or risking capture.

PB

Food is a fundamental aspect of war and captivity narratives. Cabbage and turnips become emblems of misery in Günter Grass’s Der Butt (The Flounder), Ernst Jünger’s In Stahlgewittern (In Storms of Steel), and Erich Maria Remarque’s Im Westen Nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front). In Levi, these vegetables symbolise the bleak reality of the Lager that makes any daydreaming futile.

GC

Levi and Jean’s fleeting Dantean reprieve is abruptly halted by the return to the ‘sordid, ragged crowd of the soup queue’. Standing in contrast with Dante’s majestic verses and Ulysses’ voyage of discovery is the cramped enclosure of the queue and the banality of the description of the day’s cabbage-and-turnip soup. But the contrast is also between Levi’s own Italian language and sense of cultural identity and the Babelic experience of the Lager. Linguistic chaos is a key component of Levi’s experience and subsequent description of the camp, and one to which he was unusually attentive. Early on in his testimony (and once again, Dante is an important model here), Levi designates the camp a ‘perpetua Babele’. He evokes the linguistic confusion of the camp by including in his account unfamiliar tongues. We see this here in the soup queue but also, for example, in his recollection of the distribution of bread (‘la distribuzione del pane, del pane-Brot-Broit-chleb-pain-lechem-kenyer’) and in his description of the industrial tower in the camp (‘i suoi mattoni sono stati chiamati Ziegel, briques, tegula, cegli, kamenny, bricks, teglak’). Linguistic chaos contributes acutely to the condition of extreme isolation associated with the Lager.

Levi’s most sustained meditation on language in Auschwitz comes in the essay ‘Comunicare’, found in the 1986 collection I sommersi e i salvati. Here he reflects not only upon the extreme linguistic isolation of the camp and the psychological damage this often wrought, but also upon the degradation of language he witnessed. Violence and brute force would often replace linguistic exchange as the ‘communicative’ medium between individuals. Levi describes how, for those who did not speak German, words were used not on account of their referential function but as blunt aural instruments that could elicit the desired response from the receiver. The linguistic interaction between guards and prisoners became more reminiscent of that between humans and working animals than that between human beings existing on the same level.

TK

In this sentence we are encountering a barter of survival, biological survival versus the survival of memory. What matters most in this exceptional moment, a state of exception within the state of exception of the Lager, is not keeping one’s body alive but restoring life to a handful of verses. Can literature be against survival?

MAM

Levi wrote this chapter in early 1946, apparently during a brief 45-minute lunch break at the Montecatini chemical plant at Avigliana, outside Turin, where he was then working (e.g. OC I, 1469). It is interesting to note that the chapter tells the story of another 'lunch break', in another chemical--industrial plant, an unimaginably darker, distant workplace.

RG

Reportage der New York Times über Veränderungen in der reisproduktion, die vor allem durch die globale Erhitzung erzwungen werden. Aber auch die hohen methanemissionen und ökologische Veränderungen durch den Wasserverbrauch für die reiseproduktion wirken sich aus. Insgesamt gefährdet die Klimakatastrophe gerade in Bezug auf Reis die Lebensmittelsicherheit. Konzerne versuchen durch die Entwicklung von Gentechnik von dieser Situation zu profitieren. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/05/20/climate/rice-farming-climate-change.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcmKWrDzEIw

For a 9 x 13 pan of approximately 30 smallish bars: - 3 cups of rolled oats (toast 15 - 25 minutes if desired; longer if self-rolled) - 2 cups of almonds - 2 cups of pitted dates - 1/2 cup honey - 1/2 cup peanut butter - 1 cup of chocolate chips

examples of high protein (hard) wheats: - Khorasan - Durum - Hard White Wheat - Hard Red Wheat - Red Fife

Good for breads, pizza, and things where chew is more valuable.

examples of lower protein (soft) wheats: - Sonora - Spelt - Soft White - Soft Red - Einkorn

good for pastries, cakes, cookies, etc.

http://centralmilling.com/

Why a Danish Dough Whisk Is My Go-To Baking Tool by Andrew Janjigian

The Danish dough whisk is known as a "brodpisker", a word which translates as "bread whipper".

https://peaches.la/

Tenerelli Orchards sells these at the Victory Park Farmers' Market in the summer.

Recommended by Gabi Grace. Ask for bruised stock for significant discount.

Bei der Tagung von Weltbank und Internationalem Währungsfonds wurden nur winzige Reformschritte unternommen. Nach der Ansicht der Fachleute von NGOs werden sie nicht ausreichen um ärmeren Ländern den Kampf gegen die globale Erhitzung zur erleichtern. Nach wie vor stellt die Weltbank hohe Summen für die Finanzierung fossiler Energien zur Verfügung.

https://taz.de/Fruehjahrstagung-von-Weltbank-und-IWF/!5927897/

Title: Unintended Consequences: Unknowable and Unavoidable, or Knowable and Unforgivable?

Abstract - Paraphrase - there are multiple environmental limits within which humanity can safely operate, - potential negative outcomes of seemingly positive actions need to accounted for. - “nexus” research is consistent with the above - it recognizes the integrated and interactive nature of water, energy and food systems, - and aims to understand the broader implications of developments in any one of these systems. - This article presents a novel framework for categorizing such detrimental unintended consequences, based upon: - how much is known about the system in question - and the scope for avoiding any such unintended consequences. - The framework comprises four categories: - Knowable and Avoidable - Knowable and Unavoidable - Unknowable and Avoidable - Unknowable and Unavoidable - The categories are explored with reference to examples in both: - the water-energy-food nexus and - planetary boundary frameworks. - The examples: - highlight the potential for the unexpected to happen and - explore dynamic nature of the situations that give rise to the unexpected. - The article concludes with guidance on how the framework can be used - to increase confidence that best efforts have been made to navigate our way toward - secure and sustainable water, energy and food systems, - avoiding and/or managing unintended consequences along the way.

// - This paper is principally about - progress traps, - how they emerge, - their characteristics - as they morph through the knowability / avoidability matrix - and how we might predict and mitigate them in the future

• Title = Water-Food-Energy Nexus i
• n Global Cities:

• Addressing Complex Urban Interdependencies

• Abstract

  • Understanding how water, food, and energy interact in the form of the water-food-energy (WFE) nexus is essential for sustainable development which advocates enhancing human well-being and poverty reduction.

  • The application of the WFE nexus has seen diverse approaches to its implementation in cities across the globe.

  • There is a need to share knowledge in order to improve urban information exchange which focuses on the WFE nexus’ application and impacts on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals.
  • In this study,
    • Natural Language Processing (NLP) and
    • Affinity Propagation Algorithm (APA)
  • are employed to explore and assess the application of the WFE nexus:
    • first on a regional basis
    • second on the city level
  • The results show that after the exhaustive search of a database containing:
    • 32,736 case studies focusing on
    • 2,233 cities,
  • African and Latin American cities:
  • have the most potential to encounter resource shortages (i.e., WFE limitation)
    • are systematically underrepresented in literature
    • Southern hemisphere cities can benefit from knowledge transfer because of their limited urban intelligence programmes.
  • Hence, with regional and topic bias,
  • there is a potential for more mutual learning links
  • between cities that can increase WFE nexus policy exchange
  • between the Northern and Southern hemispheres
  • through the bottom-up case-study knowledge.

pH Level of Chocolate

I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of chocolate. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

Is it because you are: * Interested in canning chocolate? * Trying to balance sweet and sour flavors in recipes containing chocolate? * Concerned about the effects of chocolate on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing chocolate for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

For those first three options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop

To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

pH of Oatmeal

I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of oatmeal. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

Is it because you are: * Interested in canning oatmeal? * Trying to balance sweet and sour flavors in recipes containing oatmeal? * Concerned about the effects of oatmeal on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing oatmeal for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

For those first three options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop

To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

pH of Chips

I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of chips. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

Is it because you are: * Interested in canning chips? * Concerned about the effects of chips on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing chips for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

For those first two options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop

To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

Pasta pH

I'm working on a new page to explain the pH of pasta. Because the answer depends on why you ask this question.

Is it because you are: * Interested in canning pasta? * Concerned about the effects of pasta on the mouth, esophagus, or stomach? * Analyzing pasta for the effect on your kidneys after digestion?

For those first two options, I've started a pH of Food Workshop

To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.

pH Balance Food Chart

I've started a workshop for people who are concerned about pH balance. Because understanding the pH of food is vital. But complicated.

So, you can't start working on balancing pH until you understand all the different aspects of acidity and alkalinity.

For more information see pH of Food Workshop

To get updates on my new content before it is published, I recommend that you subscribe to my free newsletter.